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Routes of administration
口服: 吸收慢而不规则; 注射: 不方便、经济与安全; 舌下与直肠:无首过效应,但吸收率不高; 吸入:适用于麻醉药和气管扩张药局部用药
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给药时间、给药间隔时间及疗程
1、给药时间 A cycle of active and nonactive periods in body determined by the internal mechanisms ad repeated about every 24 hours is called circadian rhythm (biological clock). The study of circadian rhythm of drug disposition is called Chronopharmacology
Factors that Affect Drugs’ Effectiveness
Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional
Chinese Medicine
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Drugs’ factors
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反复用药
1、耐受性 ➢快速耐受性: ➢交叉耐受性: 2、耐药性
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联合用药
➢药物相互作用(Drug interaction) Drug plasma protein binding Synergism (potentiation)
For instance, sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim used in combination.
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II. Gender In Principle, there are no apparent