2018版高考英语大一轮复习课时作业：必修五_Unit1Great scientists 含答案

Unit 1 Great scientistsⅠ.阅读理解A(2017·大连高三双基测试卷)A new “health” trend in Hong Kong sees women staring straight at the sun in the belief that it will replace their needs for food and even improve their vision and sleep quality, reports OrientalDailyNews.The women reportedly head to the Sam Ka Village beach every evening and take off their shoes before setting their phone timers and stand to stare at the sunset — some using an umbrella to protect their skin.The concept of “sun eating” is about consuming th e sun's solar energy instead of food and they believe by doing so it can reduce the body's needs.Some of the women choose to wear pinhole glasses to limit the UV rays getting to their eyes and causing permanent damage.Some of the sun­gazers stress they are doing it for health reasons, not weight loss. “We practice sun­gazing as a substitute for eating. Some of us who have finished the practice now eat less, and others don't have to eat at all，” a woman said. She said they start by looking at the sun for up to 10 seconds on the first day, adding 10 seconds every day until they reach 44 minutes by the ninth month of practice.Hou Xiangjun, a skin specialist, is concerned about the rising trend, saying the high UV degree and water reflection are leading to fa r too much UV light absorption. “Even if painted with sunscreen (防晒霜) they can only stop five to six percent of the damage; an umbrella or a cap can only take 10－20 percent and long exposure will increase the risk of serious skin cancer，” she said. Eye exp erts are also concerned that it will cause some eye diseases.【解题导语】本文讲述了一些香港女性的一种新的“健康”趋势。

课时作业(二十一)必修5Unit 1 Great scientists班级:姓名:建议时间 / 40分钟基础检测Ⅰ.词形转换1.We will have a further discussion before we draw a final (conclude).2.Most people strongly believe that the court will no doubt punish the bank robbers (severe).3.The governments in cities with large numbers of low-income families should speed up the(construct) of low-rent housing.4.The only positive thing about its latest (announce) is that it shows that the firm is at last beginning to face reality.5.Children are raised to be independent and (caution), with a strong sense of self-esteem.Ⅱ.单句填空6.The army was well trained and well armed,and had little difficulty (defeat) the enemy.7.Studies show that students often (expose) to too much pressure tend to develop mental problems.st week I got a new job in a big firm, and I found it very (challenge).9.Sometimes even if you are totally qualified for the job, you may still (reject).10.When he came back three hours later, they were still sitting on the sofa,(absorb) in conversation.Ⅲ.短语填空11.Who do you know was the first to (提出) the famous saying “knowledge is power”?12.The more one (接触) the English-speaking environment, the better he or she will learn the language.13.The overuse of computers will (导致) the failure of our eyesight, which is a warning to us all.14.The boss (对……严格) the staff,so everyone in the company has to be completely strict in their work.15.It is the language that helps shape the way I see things,express ideas, and (理解) the world.Ⅳ.连句成篇根据提示,把下面的句子串连成50词左右的小短文。

题型组合课时练(二十一)Ⅰ.阅读理解【导学号：47562209】The National Air and Space Museum in Washington D．C.has thousands of objects on display，including the 1903 Wright Flyer，Charles Lindbergh's Spirit of St.Louis，the Apollo 11 Command Module Columbia，and a lunar rock you can touch.In addition to our exhibition galleries，you may want to visit the Albert Einstein Planetarium，Lockheed Martin IMAX Theater，and the Public Observatory on the east end.There are many things to do at the Museum in D．C.We offer daily tours and educational activities for both children and adults.We also have scheduled lectures and events throughout the year.Hours & Admission：Open every day except December 25.Admission is free.Regular Hours：10：00 a．m. to 5：30 p．m.Extended Hours：10：00 a．m. to 7：30 p．m.December 26－30，2014.March 30－April 20，2015.Fridays and Saturdays，April 24－May 16，2015.May 17－September 7，2015.VISITING TIPS：Limit the Number of Bags：All visitors are screened through metaldetectors upon entry.The fewer items you bring inside the Museum，thefaster your entry.Before you visit，please review the list of prohibited items，which include pocket knives and tripods(三脚架)．Visitors carrying prohibited items will not be allowed inside the Museum，so please leave them at home or in your car.No Food and Drink：Only bottled water is permitted in theMuseum.You may only consume food and other drinks in the Food Court，not in the Museum.Groups who bring food are encouraged to picnic on the National Mall.Please Take Photos：You are welcome to take photos for personaluse.However，tripods and monopods(单脚架)are not permitted withoutapproval.First Aid：The Museum has a First Aid office and a nurse onduty.Please contact the nearest security officer or the Welcome Center for assistance.Visit the Welcome Center：At our Welcome Center in the South Lobby，staff and volunteers can answer any questions you have during your visit.Open 10：00 a．m. to 5：30 p．m.Phone：202-633-2214E­mail：NASM­VisitorSer v ices @ 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。

Unit 1Great scientists[核心词汇]1．characteristic n．特征；特性2．defeat v t.打败；战胜；使受挫n.失败3．attend v t.照顾；护理；出席；参加4．cure v t.& n.治愈；痊愈；治疗5．challenge n.挑战v t.向……挑战6．absorb v t.吸收；吸引；使专心7．suspect v t.认为；怀疑n.被怀疑者；嫌疑犯8．blame v t.责备；谴责n.过失；责备9．link v t.& n.连接；联系10．handle n.柄；把手v t.处理；操纵[拓展词汇]11．conclude v t.&v i.结束；推断出→conclusion n.结论；结束12．analyse v t.分析→analysis n.分析13．expose v t.暴露；揭露；使曝光→exposed adj.无遮蔽的；无保护的；风险高的14．pollute v t.污染；弄脏→pollution n.污染→polluted adj.污染的，被弄脏的15．announce v t.宣布；通告→announcement n.通知；宣告16．instruct v t.指示；教导；命令→instructor n.教员；传授者→instruction n.用法说明；操作指南→instructive adj.有教育意义的17．construct v t.建设；修建→construction n.建设；建筑物18．contribute v t.&v i.捐献；贡献；捐助→contribution n.捐献；贡献；捐助19．reject v t.拒绝；不接受；抛弃→rejection n.拒绝；抛弃20．caution n.小心，谨慎→cautious adj.小心的，谨慎的1．put forward 提出2．expose...to... 使显露；暴露3．make sense 讲得通；有意义4．be to blame 应受谴责，应负责任5．cure...of... 治愈某人的……(疾病) 6．draw a conclusion 得出结论7．link...to... 将……和……联系或连接起来8．apart from 除……之外；此外9．be strict with 对……严格的10．contribute to 有助于；促成3.have his work finished on time4.can you realize your dream点释5个考纲单词conclude vt.& vi.结束；推断出；断定；达成[小试身手] 用conclude 的适当形式填空①He (conclude)from their remarks that they were not in favour of the plan.(牛津词典)他从他们的话语中推断出他们不赞同此项计划。

课时作业(二十一) [必修5 Unit 1 Great scientists](限时：40分钟)Ⅰ.多项选择1．The President ordered that no time should be lost, and directed one of his high officials to ________ the matter in person.A．respond to B．appeal toC．contribute to D．attend to2．Mary was usually very selfish, so I began to ________ that she wasn't helping me just to be kind, but because it would benefit her in some way.A．suspect B．appreciateC．inform D．regret3．At the conference, there was ________ agreement among the experts on the issue of environment education.A．detailed B．uniqueC．universal D．separate4．The rise in wood fuel use has ________ the disappearance of forest and the loss of habitats for pandas.A．relied on B．resulted fromC．set off D．contributed to5．Operate the electrical appliance following the ________ attached in the box, or you'll be at risk.A．instructions B．explanationsC．introductions D．descriptions6．The United Nations called on these countries to solve this problem in a(n) ________ way, adding that any negative measure would cause bad effects.A．immediate B．positiveC．enthusiastic D．cautious7．Rod loves ________ clocks. However, he never manages to put them together again.A．taking apart B．giving awayC．making up D．turning off8．She was so ________ in her job that she didn't hear anybody knocking at the door at all.A．attracted B．absorbedC．drawn D．devoted9．The doctor told Mary that too much ________ to the sun is bad for the skin.A．exposure B．extensionC．exhibition D．expansion10．Science technology develops so fast that many formerly fatal diseases can now be________．A．formed B．curedC．recovered D．overcomeⅡ.完形填空I wanted to be just like those big kids I saw wearing their medals and carrying their ribbons(绶带)．So I__11__the cross­country team at my school.However，I was very slow in the team.In races，I would finish almost__12__．I'd always have to__13__in the longer races.The__14__races and at least 100 people competing in it made me really__15__．Every time I stopped，10 people would__16__me.But I still couldn't push myself to keep going，even though I__17__watching them go by me.After every race，I'd go home and burst into tears.Then one of my friends joined the cross­country team，too.She never got tired and didn't get cramp(抽筋)in her legs.I just didn't understand how that was__18__！I'd been running much longer than she had，but she could run__19__while I had to suffer.She even came 8th in a big race with over 200 people in it! My__20__was lower than ever and I wanted to quit badly.I didn't，__21__．Even a whole month before a race，I'd get so nervous that I felt like I might give up.Still，I__22__to quit.I still had that__23__appearing in my mind and I hung on to it.Finally，I realized the reason why the bigger races made me so nervous was that I was always worried that I wasn't__24__for them.I started to practice at home almost every day.I__25__a plan that had me running almost three kilometers every day，which helped me build up a steady__26__．When the time came for the big race，all the practice really__27__．I stopped only once and my pace was much better.I was__28__of myself for sticking with it even though it was really hard and I'd even wanted to quit.I showed myself that I was__29__enough to keep going.That was what made me feel good about myself and gave me confidence.The next time I'm faced with a tough__30__，I will know that I can take it up.None of this would ever have happened if I had quitted!11．A.liked B．admired C．supported D．joined12．A.best B．first C．last D．least13．A.stop B．rest C．breathe D．suffer14．A.exciting B．tiringC．interesting D．disturbing15．A.nervous B．frightened C．sad D．angry16．A.help B．encourageC．leave D．pass17．A.missed B．hated C．avoided D．escaped18．A.equal B．reasonableC．fair D．tolerable19．A.quickly B．easily C．happily D．hopefully20．A.strength B．demand C．goal D．confidence21．A.yet B．either C．though D．still22．A.refused B．decided C．failed D．wanted23．A.lesson B．faith C．future D．picture24．A.suitable B．active C．ready D．well25．A.took out B．mapped outC．figured out D．let out26．A.pace B．race C．will D．level27．A.set off B．paid off C．got off D．took off28．A.sure B．aware C．proud D．afraid29．A.strong B．patient C．steady D．devoted30．A.job B．sportC．competition D．challengeⅢ.阅读理解A study now lends support to the idea that meal­time distractions(分散注意) can mask the clues that we really have eaten quite enough. Moreover, it finds, the caloric fallout of not paying attention to what we're eating doesn't necessarily end when a meal is over.Rose Cooper from England, and her colleagues gathered 22 men and an equal number of women for an experiment. Each person dined alone, continuously receiving nine small shares of food items. These ranged from cheese twists and potato chips to carrots, cherry tomatoes and sandwiches or sausage rolls.Because the goal was to test the potential impacts of distraction on fullness, the researchers randomly assigned half of the participants to eat in front of a computer—and to gain as many wins as possible at the “card” game. Everyone else was told to focus on the sensory qualities of their meal.According to their instructions, the participants ate all of the food given to them. Yet people who played a computer game during lunch found their meal less filling than the mindful eaters had. Game players also swallow down twice as many cookies, almost an hour later, when they were allowed all the dessert they wanted( in the name of a taste test)．The British scientists present their findings in the February edition of The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition.The real question is why distracted eating should impact snacking.It appears, the scientists say, that memory plays some tricky role in how we register what we eat and the degree to which it satisfies.Interestingly, eight years ago, Britta Barkeling of Huddinge University in Stockholm and her colleagues reported somewhat related findings.Their 18 overweight subjects had no choice other than to get rid of everything but lunch, on one day—because they were blindfolded. Compared to a day when they could view what they were dining on, these people consumed only three quarters as many calories. Yet even hours afterward, they reported being no less full than on the day they had been able to see their plates.Of course dining in the dark isn't practical. And sometimes what we eat doesn'treally invite our absolute attention. But there is certainly a growing mountain of data indicating that mindless eating is a waste of resources, a risk to our waistlines—and a costly threat to health.31．Rose Cooper and her colleagues did the experiment in order to ________．A．show that all the people enjoy snacksB．prove that playing computer games is harmful while diningC．find possible effects of distraction on fullnessD．test the impacts of eating snacks on different people32．Which is the most effective way to concentrate on your food when dining?A．Viewing your food. B．Blindfolding your eyes.C．Playing computer games. D．Eating by oneself.33．The reason why distracted eating influences snacking may be that ________．A．you eat less in that caseB．you are cheated by your memoryC．you have consumed more caloriesD．you digest what you've eaten faster34．We can conclude from the passage that ________．A．distracted eating may damage your healthB．eating snacks will make you feel fullC．Britta became famous because of the experimentD．playing is more important than what we eatⅣ.完成句子35．It is the most instructive lecture ____________________ since I came to this school. (attend)这是自从到这个学校以来我听过的最有教育意义的讲座了。

Unit 1 Great scientistsⅠ.阅读理解(2017·河南省鹤壁市高级中学周练)Edmund Halley was an English scientist who lived over 200 years ago. He studied the observations of comets (彗星) which other scientists had made. The orbit(轨道)of one particular comet was a very difficult mathematical problem. He could not figure it out. Neither could other scientists who dealt with such problems.However, Halley had a friend named Isaac Newton, who was a brilliant mathematician. Newton thought he had already worked out that problem, but he could not find the papers on which he had done it. He told Halley that the orbit of a comet had the shape of an ellipse(椭圆形)．Now Halley set to work. He figured out(解决，计算出)the orbits of some of the comets that had been observed by scientists. He made a surprising discovery. The comets that had appeared in the years 1531, 1607, and 1682 all had the same orbit. Yet their appearance had been 75 to 76 years apart.This seemed very strange to Halley. Three different comets followed the same orbit. The more Halley thought about it, the more he thought that there had not been three different comets as people thought. He decided that they had simply seen the same comet three times. The comet had gone away and had come back again.It was an astonishing idea! Halley felt certain to make a prediction(预言)of what would happen in the future. He decided that this would appear in the year 1758. There were 53 years to go before Halley's prediction could be tested. In 1758 the comet appeared in the sky. Halley did not see it, for he had died some years before. Ever since then that comet had been called Halley's comet, in his honor.1．Edmund Halley figured out the orbit of ________.A．some different comets appearing several timesB．the same comet appearing at different timesC．three different comets appearing at the same timeD．several comets appearing at the same time2．Halley made his discovery ________.A．by doing experimentsB．by means of his own careful observationC．by using the working of other scientistsD．by chance3．Halley made a surprising, but correct prediction in the year ________.A．1704 B．1705C．1706 D．17074．This passage in general is about ________.A．Halley and other scientistsB．the orbit of a cometC．Newton and HalleyD．Halley and his discovery答案与解析文章介绍了哈雷和他的发现哈雷彗星，以及发现验证哈雷彗星的过程。

课时作业（二十一)Ⅰ.阅读理解［2017·石家庄二模]If you watch British television on March 15，you might be surprised to see celebrities(名人）wearing funny red noses and joking around。

But don’t worry。

They're not mad。

It's all part of a money raising event called Red Nose Day.Founded in 1985 by two British comedians，the aim of the event is to raise money to fight poverty and injustice in the UK and Africa。

Celebrities and public figures support the event by making appearances on comic TV shows。

For example，UK Prime Minister David Cameron once appeared in a music video by One Direction，which the band produced for the event.Britons don’t just raise money for charitable causes on one day a year，but they do it all year round.One way of doing so is by shopping in charity shops。

These small shops sell clothes，books and household goods just like any other shop except that it’s all secondhand。

2018 届高考英语一轮复习高效学案：必修5Unit1 含答案解析必修 5 Unit 1 Great scientist伟大的科学家晨读·记忆A Strange DiseaseWhen the construction of the firework factory came to the stage of painting , a pump was put in. Then, all the painters in the neighbourhood were defeated by a severe disease whose characteristic was alike to that of a bad burn.An expertphysician was instructed to attend to the victims and handle this case. He was enthusiastic , but he didn ’t foresee that it was a hard challenge . After simple enquiry ,he announced that the polluted paint was to blame . But without positive evidence , people suspected and rejected his view,saying the theory he put forward made no sense. Being much stricter wi th himself, he contributed himself to the case. Apart from making enquiries , he made detailed charts and analyzed the data cautiously . Finally, he drew a scientific conclusion , linking the disease tothe radium in the pump. Exposed to radium , a kind of radioactive material in the universe , people absorbed radiation and got sick immediately .Spinning the pump backward , he took away the radium . This simple movement cured all the victims.奇怪的疾病当那座烟花工厂的建设到了油漆阶段时，一个水泵被安装进来，接着，在它附近的油漆工都得了一种严重的疾病(疾病击败油漆工 )，其特征与烧伤相似。

Unit 1 Great scientists一、刷黑板——词汇全听写(先过识记默写关)Ⅰ.阅读词汇(英译汉)[第一屏听写]1．characteristic n．特征；特性2．radium n. 镭3．analyse v t.分析4．physician n. 医生；内科医师5．outbreak n. 爆发；发作(尤指疾病或战争) 6．victim n. 受害者7．enquiry n. 询问[第二屏听写]8．neighbourhood n．附近；邻近9．pump n. 泵；抽水机v t.(用泵)抽(水)10．firework n. 烟火(燃放)11．chart n. 图表12．backward ad v.& adj.向后地(的)；相反地(的)；退步地(的)[第三屏听写]Ⅱ.高频词汇(汉译英)1．painter n．画家；油漆匠2．scientific adj.科学的3．conclude v t.& v i.结束；推断出4．conclusion n. 结论；结束5．defeat v t.打败；战胜；使受挫n. 失败6．expert adj.熟练的；经验或知识丰富的n. 专家；行家[第四屏听写]7．attend v t.照顾；护理；出席；参加8．expose v t.暴露；揭露；使曝光9．cure n. 治愈；痊愈v t.治愈；治疗10．challenge n. 挑战v t.向……挑战11．absorb v t.吸收；吸引；使专心[第五屏听写] 12．suspect v t.认为；怀疑n. 被怀疑者；嫌疑犯13．severe adj.严重的；剧烈的；严厉的14．foresee v t.预见；预知15．blame v t.责备；谴责n. 过失；责备16．pollute v t.污染；弄脏[第六屏听写]17．handle n．柄；把手v t.处理；操纵18．link v t.& n. 连接；联系19．announce v t.宣布；通告20．instruct v t.命令；指示；教导21．construct v t.建设；修建22．construction n. 建设；建筑物23．contribute v t.& v i.捐献；贡献；捐助[第七屏听写] 24．positive adj.积极的；肯定的；确实的25．movement n. 移动；运动；动作26．spin v i.& v t.(使)旋转；纺(线或纱) 27．enthusiastic adj.热情的；热心的28．cautious adj.小心的；谨慎的29．reject v t.拒绝；不接受；抛弃30．universe n. 宇宙；世界31．put_forward提出32．draw_a_conclusion 得出结论33．expose_...to 使显露；暴露34．link_...to_... 将……和……联系或连接起来35．apart_from 除……之外；此外36．(be)_strict_with_... 对……严格的37．make_sense 讲得通；有意义二、刷清单——热身自盘点(再过基本应用关) (一)核心单词(二)常用短语(四)初中考点再回顾一、过重点单词——纵引横联超人一点1．conclude vt.& vi.结束；推断出[高考佳句]So it's safe to conclude that it is reasonable to include English which facilitates daily communication.(·江苏高考满分作文)因此，可以得出的结论是，把一些有利于我们日常交际的英语包括在内是合情合理的。

Unit 1 Great scientistsⅠ.阅读理解A(2017·江西南昌模拟)China's admiration of outstanding scholars has turned the well preserved childhood home of Tu Youyou，the Chinese pharmacologist(药理学家)who won this year's Nobel Prize in Physiology (生理学)or Medicine，into a popular tourist destination.Since it was announced on Monday that 84year old Tu had become the first Chinese citizen to win this international prize，her former home in the old town of Ningbo，Zhejiang Province，has attracted visitors，especially parents and their children—even though it is not open to the public.The house，where Tu lived until she went to university in Beijing，covers an area of 2,200 square meters and is priced at 150 million yuan($23.6 million)．It is part of a complex of 37 traditional buildings，including several city and district level cultural relic preservation sites，that have been transformed into a high end art and commercial zone.“There are continually parents taking their children，from infants in strollers to college students，to take photos in front of Tu's former home.Security guards have been ordered to go on patrol around the clock，”said Mr.Zhao，a salesperson from Ningbo Real Estate Inc.Co.Shanghai resident Xu Lingfei，who was on a trip to Ningbo，took her 9year old son to walk around the complex on Wednesday.“Chinese people believe in exams and awards and have a strong preference for high performers.Taking children to visit the former dwelling places of celebrities (名人) is a way to inspire them to study harder，” Xu said.Something similar happened after Mo Yan won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 2012.Tourists started visiting Mo's former home in rural Gaomi，Shandong Province，in an endless stream starting the day after he won the prize.Some even pulled the radishes planted in front of the house and carried away some bricks.1．Tu Youyou's former house is now popular mainly because ________.A．Tu won the Nobel PrizeB．it has some cultural relicsC．it covers a large areaD．it is a great art and commercial zone2．Why did Xu Lingfei take her son to visit Tu's former home?A．She admired Tu very much.B．She planned to buy the house.C．She intended to take photos there.D．She wanted her son to be inspired.3．Where is Mo Yan's former home located?A．Shanghai. B．Gaomi.C．Ningbo. D．Beijing.4．What is the main idea of the text?A．Tu Youyou's former home is for sale.B．More Chinese have won the Nobel Prize.C．The Nobel winner's home becomes an instant attraction.D．Children benefit from visiting the Nobel winner's home.【语篇导读】本文描述屠呦呦获诺贝尔生理学或医学奖之后，她的故居大热，吸引了很多游客前来参观。