Twain翻译第四章

Most Ameri‎c ans remem‎b er Mark Twain‎as the fathe‎r of Huck Finn's idyll‎i c cruis‎e throu‎g h etern‎a l boyho‎o d and Tom Sawye‎r's endle‎s s summe‎r of freed‎o m and adven‎t ure. In-deed, this natio‎n's best-loved‎autho‎r was every‎bit as ad-ventu‎r ous, patri‎o tic, roman‎t ic, and humor‎o us as anyon‎e has ever imagi‎n ed. I found‎ anoth‎er Twain‎ as well – one who grew cynic‎al, bitte‎r, sadde‎ned by the profo‎und perso‎nal trage‎dies life dealt‎ him, a man who becam‎e obses‎sed with the frail‎ties of the human‎ race, who saw clear‎ly ahead‎ a black‎ wall of night‎. 在大多数美‎国人的心目中，马克•吐温是位伟‎大作家，他描写了哈‎克•费恩永恒的‎童年时代中‎充满诗情画‎意的旅程和‎汤姆•索亚在漫长的夏日‎里自由自在‎历险探奇的‎故事。

的确，这位美国最‎受人喜爱的‎作家的探索‎精神、爱国热情、浪漫气质及幽默‎笔调都达到‎了登峰造极‎的程度。

但我发现还‎有另一个不‎同的马克•吐温——一个由于深‎受人生悲剧的打击而‎变得愤世嫉‎俗、尖酸刻薄的‎马克•吐温，一个为人类‎品质上的弱‎点而忧心忡‎忡、明显地看到‎前途是一片黑暗‎的人。

TWAIN-v2.4-说明⽂档翻译（1）介绍介绍 Introduction⼀致性需求（Need for Consistency）对于扫描仪，数字摄像仪，以及其他图像获取设备，⽤户渴望发现将图像合并到他们的⽂档以及其他⼯作的价值。

然⽽，⽀持展⽰和操作这些图像数据将会让开发者付出⾼昂的代价。

他们需要为了⼴泛种类的图像设备构造⽤户接⼝以及内建的设备控制程序。

当他们的应⽤程序已经被准备好⽀持⼀个已有的设备的时候，他们⼜⾯临着令⼈沮丧的现实，那就是设备将会持续地以提供新功能和特性的⽅式进⾏升级更新。

应⽤程序开发者发现他们不得不持续地校正他们的产品来保持当前的最新版本。

图像获取设备的开发者和软件应⽤程序的开发者逐渐意识到在图像设备和应⽤程序之间需要有⼀种统⼀的通讯标准。

该标准将会对产品的开发团队以及他们的⽤户产⽣有利的价值。

该标准允许设备提供商的产品能够被更多的应⽤程序所访问控制以及应⽤程序提供商能够从这些设备中获取数据⽽不关⼼这些设备是什么类型，或是由谁提供。

TWAIN基于上述⼀致性以及简化需求⽽被开发出来。

TWAIN的组成元素（Elements of TWAIN）TWAIN为了在软件应⽤和图像获取设备（数据源）之间通讯⽽定义了⼀套标准的软件协议以及API（application programming interface，应⽤程序接⼝）。

在TWAIN中，有3样关键元素：应⽤软件（Application software）⼀个应⽤应该被修改以⽤于使⽤TWAIN。

数据源管理器软件（Source Manager software）该软件管理应⽤与数据源之间的交互。

该模块的代码由TWAIN开发者⼯具包来提供并且对于任何基于TWAIN协议的应⽤和数据源的分发都是免费的。

数据源软件（Source software）该软件控制了图像获取设备。

它由设备开发者在遵循TWAIN规范的情况下编写提供。

传统的设备驱动在现在的情况下被包含在数据源软件中，并且⽆须分发给应⽤。

Mark Twain—the Mirror of AmericaMost Americans remember Mark Twain as the father of Huck Finn’s idyllic cruise through eternal boyhood and Tom Sawyer's endless summer of freedom and adventure。

In—deed，this nation's best—loved author was every bit as ad-venturous, patriotic, romantic, and humorous as anyone has ever imagined. I found another Twain as well – one who grew cynical, bitter, saddened by the profound personal tragedies life dealt him，a man who became obsessed with the frailties of the human race, who saw clearly ahead a black wall of night.在大多数美国人的心目中,马克?吐温是位伟大作家，他描写了哈克？费恩永恒的童年时代中充满诗情画意的旅程和汤姆？索亚在漫长的夏日里自由自在历险探奇的故事.的确，这位美国最受人喜爱的作家的探索精神、爱国热情、浪漫气质及幽默笔调都达到了登峰造极的程度.但我发现还有另一个不同的马克?吐温——一个由于深受人生悲剧的打击而变得愤世嫉俗、尖酸刻薄的马克？吐温，一个为人类品质上的弱点而忧心忡忡、明显地看到前途是一片黑暗的人。

Tramp printer，river pilot , Confederate guerrilla，prospector，starry—eyed optimist, acid-tongued cynic：The man who became Mark Twain was born Samuel Langhorne Clemens and he ranged across the nation for more than a third of his life，digesting the new American experience before sharing it with the world as writer and lecturer。

Mark Twain-the Mirror of AmericaMost Americans remember Mark Twain as the father of Huck Finn's idyllic cruise through eternal boyhood and Tom Sawyer's endless summer of freedom and adventure. In-deed, this nation's best-loved author was every bit as ad-venturous, patriotic, romantic, and humorous as anyone has ever imagined. I found another Twain as well – one who grew cynical, bitter, saddened by the profound personal tragedies life dealt him, a man who became obsessed with the frailties of the human race, who saw clearly ahead a black wall of night.在大多数美国人的心目中，马克?吐温是位伟大作家，他描写了哈克?费恩永恒的童年时代中充满诗情画意的旅程和汤姆?索亚在漫长的夏日里自由自在历险探奇的故事。

的确，这位美国最受人喜爱的作家的探索精神、爱国热情、浪漫气质及幽默笔调都达到了登峰造极的程度。

但我发现还有另一个不同的马克?吐温——一个由于深受人生悲剧的打击而变得愤世嫉俗、尖酸刻薄的马克?吐温，一个为人类品质上的弱点而忧心忡忡、明显地看到前途是一片黑暗的人。

Tramp printer, river pilot , Confederate guerrilla, prospector, starry-eyed optimist, acid-tongued cynic: The man who became Mark Twain was born Samuel Langhorne Clemens and he ranged across the nation for more than a third of his life, digesting the new American experience before sharing it with the world as writer and lecturer. He adopted his pen name from the cry heard in his steamboat days, signaling two fathoms (12 feet) of water -- a navigable depth. His popularity is attested by the fact that more than a score of his books remain in print, and translations are still read around the world.印刷工、领航员、邦联游击队员、淘金者、耽于幻想的乐天派、语言尖刻的讽刺家：马克?吐温原名塞缪尔?朗赫恩?克莱门斯，他一生之中有超过三分之一的时间浪迹美国各地，体验着美国的新生活，尔后便以作家和演说家的身分将他所感受到的这一切介绍给全世界。

Mark Twain-the Mirror of America1 Most Americans remember Mark Twain as the father of Huck Finn's idyllic cruise through eternal boyhood and Tom Sawyer's endless summer of freedom and adventure. In-deed, this nation's best-loved author was every bit as adventurous, patriotic, romantic, and humorous as anyone has ever imagined. I found another Twain as well – one who grew cynical, bitter, saddened by the profound personal tragedies life dealt him, a man who became obsessed with the frailties of the human race, who saw clearly ahead a black wall of night.在大多数美国人的心目中，马克?吐温是位伟大作家，他描写了哈克?费恩永恒的童年时代中充满诗情画意的旅程和汤姆?索亚在漫长的夏日里自由自在历险探奇的故事。

的确，这位美国最受人喜爱的作家的探索精神、爱国热情、浪漫气质及幽默笔调都达到了登峰造极的程度。

但我发现还有另一个不同的马克?吐温——一个由于深受人生悲剧的打击而变得愤世嫉俗、尖酸刻薄的马克?吐温，一个为人类品质上的弱点而忧心忡忡、明显地看到前途是一片黑暗的人。

2 Tramp printer, river pilot , Confederate guerrilla, prospector, starry-eyed optimist, acid-tongued cynic: The man who became Mark Twain was born Samuel Langhorne Clemens and he ranged across the nation for more than a third of his life, digesting the new American experience before sharing it with the world as writer and lecturer. He adopted his pen name from the cry heard in his steamboat days, signaling two fathoms (12 feet) of water -- a navigable depth. His popularity is attested by the fact that more than a score of his books remain in print, and translations are still read around the world.印刷工、领航员、邦联游击队员、淘金者、耽于幻想的乐天派、语言尖刻的讽刺家：马克?吐温原名塞缪尔?朗赫恩?克莱门斯，他一生之中有超过三分之一的时间浪迹美国各地，体验着美国的新生活，尔后便以作家和演说家的身分将他所感受到的这一切介绍给全世界。

高级应用程序实现第四章内容能力。

4 - 1选择数据传输。

4-17 ImageData及其布局。

4-23转移多个图像。

4-26传输压缩数据。

4-32替代用户界面。

4-35图像的灰度和颜色信息。

4-38使用吐温获得光栅图像从一个设备是相对简单的实现在第3章,“应用程序实现”。

然而,马克·吐温也允许应用程序开发人员超越简单的收购一个图像在本地(DIB或皮克特人)格式。

在本章中讨论这些更高级的主题。

Capabilities功能,并应用谈判能力的力量来源,给控制TWAIN-compliant应用程序。

在第十二章,“操作系统依赖关系”,你会看到的谈判能力,CAP_XFERCOUNT。

这种能力是在状态4协商总是如此,除非推迟谈判是同意由应用程序和源代码。

在事实上,有更多的了解能力。

能力值几个值是用来定义每个功能。

在第十章,“能力”,马克·吐温定义了一个默认值和一组允许的值为每个功能。

应用程序不能修改默认值。

然而,它能限制值提供给用户允许的值的子集和选择能力的当前值。

默认值源被打开时,每个功能的当前值设置为吐温默认值列在第十章,“功能”。

如果没有定义默认的吐温,源将为其默认选择一个值。

应用程序可以返回一个TWAIN-defined能力默认发出DG_CONTROL / DAT_CAPABILITY MSG_RESET操作。

尽管吐温定义默认值的功能,可能有不同的来源值,它将更喜欢使用作为默认,因为它将更有效。

例如,源可能通常使用0在黑白图像显示白色。

然而,默认为ICAP_PIXELFLAVOR TWPF_CHOCOLATE即0代表黑人。

尽管吐温默认TWPF_CHOCOLATE,来源的首选违约TWPF_VANILLA。

当应用程序发出一个DG_CONTROL / DAT_CAPABILITY /MSG_GETDEFAULT操作,返回信息来源对其首选的违约。

的源和应用能够更有效的转移在此基础上进行谈判信息。

Most Americans remember Mark Twain as the father of Huck Finn's idyllic cruise through eternal boyhood and Tom Sawyer's endless summer of freedom and adventure. In-deed, this nation's best-loved author was every bit as ad-venturous, patriotic, romantic, and humorous as anyone has ever imagined. I found another Twain as well – one who grew cynical, bitter, saddened by the profound personal tragedies life dealt him, a man who became obsessed with the frailties of the human race, who saw clearly ahead a black wall of night. 在大多数美国人的心目中，马克•吐温是位伟大作家，他描写了哈克•费恩永恒的童年时代中充满诗情画意的旅程和汤姆•索亚在漫长的夏日里自由自在历险探奇的故事。

的确，这位美国最受人喜爱的作家的探索精神、爱国热情、浪漫气质及幽默笔调都达到了登峰造极的程度。

但我发现还有另一个不同的马克•吐温——一个由于深受人生悲剧的打击而变得愤世嫉俗、尖酸刻薄的马克•吐温，一个为人类品质上的弱点而忧心忡忡、明显地看到前途是一片黑暗的人。

Tramp printer, river pilot , Confederate guerrilla, prospector, starry-eyed optimist, acid-tongued cynic: The man who became Mark Twain was born Samuel Langhorne Clemens and he ranged across the nation for more than a third of his life, digesting the new American experience before sharing it with the world as writer and lecturer. He adopted his pen name from the cry heard in his steamboat days, signaling two fathoms (12 feet) of water -- a navigable depth. His popularity is attested by the fact that more than a score of his books remain in print, and translations are still read around the world. 印刷工、领航员、邦联游击队员、淘金者、耽于幻想的乐天派、语言尖刻的讽刺家：马克•吐温原名塞缪尔•朗赫恩•克莱门斯，他一生之中有超过三分之一的时间浪迹美国各地，体验着美国的新生活，尔后便以作家和演说家的身分将他所感受到的这一切介绍给全世界。

Most Americans remember Mark Twain as the father of Huck Finn's idyllic cruise through eternal boyhood and Tom Sawyer's endless summer of freedom and adventure. In-deed, this nation's best-loved author was every bit as ad-venturous, patriotic, romantic, and humorous as anyone has ever imagined. I found another Twain as well – one who grew cynical, bitter, saddened by the profound personal tragedies life dealt him, a man who became obsessed with the frailties of the human race, who saw clearly ahead a black wall of night. 在大多数美国人的心目中，马克•吐温是位伟大作家，他描写了哈克•费恩永恒的童年时代中充满诗情画意的旅程和汤姆•索亚在漫长的夏日里自由自在历险探奇的故事。

的确，这位美国最受人喜爱的作家的探索精神、爱国热情、浪漫气质及幽默笔调都达到了登峰造极的程度。

但我发现还有另一个不同的马克•吐温——一个由于深受人生悲剧的打击而变得愤世嫉俗、尖酸刻薄的马克•吐温，一个为人类品质上的弱点而忧心忡忡、明显地看到前途是一片黑暗的人。

Tramp printer, river pilot , Confederate guerrilla, prospector, starry-eyed optimist, acid-tongued cynic: The man who became Mark Twain was born Samuel Langhorne Clemens and he ranged across the nation for more than a third of his life, digesting the new American experience before sharing it with the world as writer and lecturer. He adopted his pen name from the cry heard in his steamboat days, signaling two fathoms (12 feet) of water -- a navigable depth. His popularity is attested by the fact that more than a score of his books remain in print, and translations are still read around the world. 印刷工、领航员、邦联游击队员、淘金者、耽于幻想的乐天派、语言尖刻的讽刺家：马克•吐温原名塞缪尔•朗赫恩•克莱门斯，他一生之中有超过三分之一的时间浪迹美国各地，体验着美国的新生活，尔后便以作家和演说家的身分将他所感受到的这一切介绍给全世界。