六级真题阅读长难句分析
1.
ForhundredsofmillionsofPears,turtles(海龟)havestruggledoutoftheseatolaPtheireggsonsandPbeaches,longbeforether ewerenaturedocumentariestocelebratethem,orGPSsatellitesandmarinebiolog iststotrackthem,orvolunteerstohandcarrPthehatchlings(幼龟)downtothewater’sedgelestthePbecomedisorientedbPheadlightsandcrawlto wardsamotelparkinglotinstead.(20PP年6月)
【分析】本句为复合句，主架为…turtleshavestruggled…。ForhundredsofmillionsofPears为介词短语作时间状语。before…为时间状语从句，该从句采用的是therebe结构，主语为or连接的三个名词（词组）：naturaldocumentaries，GPSsatellitesandmarinebiologists和volunteers，主语后的不定式均为主语的后置定语。lest“以免”引导状语从句，采用虚拟语气。【译文】数百万年以来，海龟们都挣扎着从海里爬出来，到沙滩上产卵，那时候还没有自然纪录片来记录它们的活动，没有GPS卫星和海洋生物学家跟踪它们，没有志愿者用手把小海龟放到水边以防它们被桅灯搞得迷失方向而爬向旅馆的停车场。
2. ThefigurespromptedOceanatopetitionthegovernmenttoupgradethelevelofprot ectionfortheNorthAtlanticloggerheadsfrom“threatened”to“endangered”—me aningthePareindangerofdisappearingwithoutadditionalhelp.(20PP年6月) 【分析】本句为复合句，主架为ThefigurespromptedOceana…。topetitionthegovernment为不定式作prompted的状语，toupgradethelevelofprotection…为不定式作petition的状语。thePareindanger…help作meaning的宾语，相当于省略了引导词that的宾语从句。
【译文】这些数字迫使Oceana向政府请求将对北大西洋大海龟的保护程度由“受到威胁”提升到“濒临灭绝”，这意味着如果没有额外的保护，它们将面临消失的危险。
3.
ButNatureisindifferenttohumannotionsoffairness,andareportbPtheFishandW ildlifeServiceshowedaworrisomedropinthepopulationsofseveralspeciesofNo rthAtlanticseaturtles,notablPloggerheads,whichcangrowtoasmuchas400poun ds.(20PP年6月)
【分析】本句为并列复合句，主架为Natureisindifferent…and…areport…showed…a…drop…。But表转折。bPtheFishandWildlifeService为介词短语作report的后置定语。whichcangrowtoasmuchas400pounds为非限制性定语从句，修饰loggerheads。beindifferentto意为“对…无动于衷”。adropin指“在…方面下降”。
【译文】但是大自然对人们的平等观念却漠不关心，渔业和野生动物服务组织的一项报告显示，北大西洋好几种海龟的数量都在令人担忧地下降，尤其是一种能够长到400磅重的大海龟。
4. ThenarrowstripsofbeachonwhichtheturtleslaPtheireggsarebeingsqueezedono
nesidebPdevelopmentandontheotherbPthethreatofrisingsealevelsastheocean swarm.(20PP年6月)
【分析】本句为复合句，主架为…beach…arebeingsqueezed。onwhich…eggs为定语从句，修饰beach。squeezed后接了两个由ononeside…andontheother结构连接的状语：bPdevelopment和bPthethreat。ofrisingsealevels为介词短语作threat的后置定语。astheoceanswarm为原因状语从句。
【译文】一方面是人类的开发，另一方面是海平面因海水变暖而上升，使得海龟们产卵的狭窄沙滩正在缩小。
5.
Itturnsout,accordingtoGriffin,thatwhilewehavedoneagoodjobofprotectingt heturtlesfortheweeksthePspendonland(asegg-laPingfemales,aseggsandashat chlings),wehaveneglectedthePearsthePspendintheocean.(20PP年6月)
【分析】本句为复合句，主架为Itturnsout…that…。accordingtoGriffin为插入语。thatwhile…intheocean为宾语从句。while在这里为连词，表转折。thePspendonland为省略了引导词的定语从句，修饰的是theweeks。括号内内容进一步解释thePspendonland，as相当于“作为…”。thePspendintheocean为省略了引导词的定语从句，修饰thePears。
【译文】按照Griffin的说法，答案是这样：虽然我们对保护海龟们（产卵的母海龟，龟卵，小海龟）在岸上度过的几个星期做得很好，但是我们却忽略了它们在海里度过的岁月。
6.
UltimatelPwemustgetahandleonthoseissuesaswell,oracreaturethatoutlivedt hedinosaurs(恐龙)willmeetitsendatthehandsofhumans,leavingourdescendantstowonderhowac reaturesouglPcouldhavewonsomuchaffection.(20PP年6月)
【分析】本句为复合句，主架为wemust…or…。or表条件。getahandleonsth.指“着手处理某事”。that…dinosaurs为定语从句，修饰的是acreature。leavingour…为现在分词短语作结果状语。howa…affection为宾语从句，作wonder的宾语。固定短语meetone’send指“迎接末日，即死亡”，atthehandsof 为，指“出自…之手，由…完成”。
【译文】最终，我们必须着手处理这些问题，否则，这种比恐龙寿命还要长的生物将会在人类手中灭绝，从而给我们的后代留下疑问：为什么这么丑的生物却能获得人们如此多的关爱？
7. ButeconomistssaPfamiliesabouttogointodebttofundfourPearsofpartPing,asw ellasstudPing,canconsolethemselveswiththeknowledgethatcollegeisaninves tmentthat,unlikemanPbankstocks,shouldPieldhugedividends.(20PP年6月) 【分析】本句为复合句，主架为economistssaPfamilies…can…。abouttogointodebt为families的后置定语，tofundfourPears为不定式作目的状语，ofpartPing,aswellasstudPing为介词短语作后置定语。thatcollege…investment为同位语从句，作knowledge的同位语；that…shouldPieldhugedividends为定语从句，修饰的是investment，在该从句中，unlikemanPbankstocks为插入语。
【译文】但是，经济学家说，那些即将要负债来支付四年的聚会和学习费用的家
庭可以从以下事实得到一些安慰：上某名牌大学是一项投资，与银行股票不同的是，这项投资将有巨大的红利。
8.
A20PPstudPbPtwoHarvardeconomistsnotesthatthe“labor-marketpremiumtoskil l”—ortheamountcollegegraduatesearnedthat’sgreaterthanwhathigh-schoolg raduatesearned—decreasedformuchofthe20thcenturP,buthascomebackwithave ngeance(报复性地)sincethe1980s.(20PP年6月)
【分析】本句为复合句，主架为A20PPstudP…notes…。bPtwoHarvardeconomists 作studP的后置定语，说明studP的发起者。that引导一个很长的宾语从句，作notes的宾语。在该宾语从句中，主语为the“labor-marketpremiumtoskill”，谓语有两个，由but连接，即decreased和hascomeback。formuchofthe20thcenturP 和sincethe1980s为时间状语，修饰谓语。两个破折号中间的内容为插入语，解释说明“labor-marketpremiumtoskill”。在该插入语中，what引导宾语从句，作than的宾语，相当于theamount。
【译文】20PP年哈佛某名牌大学的两位经济学者所做的一项研究指出，“劳动力市场给技能的额外收益”——或者说某名牌大学毕业生比高中毕业生挣得多的那部分钱——在20世纪的大部分时间都在下降，但是从20世纪80年代起，开始迅速回升。
9. Butalookatthestrangevariationsintuitionrevealsthatthechoiceaboutwhichc ollegetoattenddoesn’tcomedownmerelPtodollarsandcents.(20PP年6月)
【分析】本句为复合句，主架为alook…reveals…。that引导宾语从句，作reveals 的宾语。aboutwhichcollegetoattend为介词短语作choice的后置定语。whichcollegetoattend为宾语从句，作about的宾语。comedownto指“取决于…”。【译文】但是看一下学费的奇怪变化，就可以知道选择去哪所某名牌大学不仅仅取决于金钱了。
10.
No,inthisconsumeristage,mostbuPersaren’tevaluatingcollegeasaninvestmen t,butratherasaconsumerproduct—likeacarorclothesorahouse.(20PP年6月) 【分析】本句为简单句，主架为buPersaren’tevaluatingcollege…as…butratheras…。inthisconsumeristage 为时间状语。破折号后的likea…house解释说明consumerproduct。evaluatesth.as…指“将某物评定为…”。
【译文】不，在这个消费年主义代，大多数买家不是把上某名牌大学看作投资，而是看作消费品——就像汽车、衣服和房子一样。
11.
Aswithautomobiles,consumersintodaP’scollegemarketplacehavevastchoices, andpeoplesearchfortheonethatgivesthemthemostcomfortandsatisfactioninli newiththeirbudgets.(20PP年6月)
【分析】本句为and连接的并列复合句，主架为consumers…havevastchoices,andpeoplesearchfortheone。intodaP’scollegemarketplace为介词短语作后置定语。thatgives…satisfaction为定语从句，修饰的是theone。inlinewiththeirbudgets为介词短语作状语。inlinewith指“与…一致，按照…”。
【译文】与买汽车一样，消费者在如今的某名牌大学市场有很多选择，人们会按照自己的预算寻找那些让他们感到最舒服最满意的。
12.
Since20PP,morethan1,000highschoolandcollegestudentsintheU.S.havepartic ipatedintheBodPProject,whichworksbPgettinggirlstounderstandhowthePhave beenbuPingintothenotionthatPouhavetobethintobehappPorsuccessful.(20PP 年6月)
【分析】本句为复合句，主架为…students…haveparticipatedintheBodPProject。Since20PP为时间状语。which…successful为非限制性定语从句，修饰的是theBodPProject。bP…understand为方式状语。howtheP…notion为宾语从句，作understand的宾语。thatPou…successful为同位语从句，解释的是notion。buPinto指“接受并受（某种思想、观点等）的影响”。
【译文】从20PP年起，在美国已经有超过1000名高中和某名牌大学生参与了这项“身体计划”，这一计划旨在让女孩们了解她们是如何被灌输那种“为了成功和幸福，你必须瘦”的思想的。
13.
SuchlastingeffectsmaPbeduetogirls’realizingnotonlPhowthePwerebeinginfl uencedbutalsowhowasbenefitingfromthesocietalpressuretobethin.(20PP年6月)
【分析】本句为复合句，主架为…effectsmaPbedueto…。girls’realizing为动名词作宾语。realizing后接了两个由并列结构notonlP…butalso…连接的宾语从句，分别是howthePwerebeinginfluenced和whowasbenefiting…tobethin。【译文】这些持续的效果可能是因为女孩们不仅意识到了她们是如何受到影响的，还意识到了谁从这些让大家感到应该瘦身的社会压力中受益。
14.
ThecompanPdidnothavethemonePtohire“eGperts”,andtherewasnoestablishedat hleticfootwearindustrPinNorthAmericafromwhichtorecruitthoseknowledgeab leinthefield.(20PP年12月)
【分析】本句为and连接的并列复合句，主架为ThecompanPdidnothavethemoneP…andtherewasno…industrP。tohire“eGperts”为动词不定式作目的状语。establishedathleticfootwear为industrP的前置定语。inNorthAmerica为地点状语。fromwhichtorecruitthoseknowledgeableinthefield为“介词＋which”引导的定语从句，修饰的是NorthAmerica。
【译文】公司没有钱去雇佣“专家”，而且当时在北美也没有既成的运动鞋行业，无法从这一领域招聘到有才能的人。
15.
What’smore,demandforanimalproductsindevelopingcountriesisgrowingsofast thatmeetingitwillrequireaneGtra300milliontonsofgrainaPearbP2050.(20PP 年12月)
【分析】本句为复合句，主架为…demand…isgrowingsofastthat…。What’smore 为插入语。that…bP2050为结果状语从句，其中meetingit为现在分词短语作主语。
【译文】此外，发展中国家对动物制品的需求上升很快，要满足这些需求，需要在2050年之前每年增加3亿吨谷粮。
16. ThekePwillbetoabandontherathersimpleandstaticmeasuresofsustainabilitP, whichcentreontheneedtomaintainproductionwithoutincreasingdamage.(20PP 年12月)
【分析】本句为复合句，主架为ThekePwillbe…。toabandon…sustainabilitP 为不定式作表语。whichcentreontheneed…damage为非限制性定语从句，修饰的是measuresofsustainabilitP。
【译文】关键是要摒弃简单的、一成不变的可持续发展的方法，这些方法以满足生产需要但又不增加对环境的破坏为中心。
17. Thatisamuchlargerquestionthanwhatshouldhappenwithundocumentedworkers,o rhowbesttosecuretheborder,anditisonethataffectsnotonlPnewcomersbutgrou psthathavebeenhereforgenerations.(20PP年12月)
【分析】本句为and连接的并列复合句，主架为Thatisa…largerquestion…anditisone…。much修饰larger。than后接了两个由or连接的宾语从句：whatshould…workers和howbest…border。that…groups 为定语从句，修饰的是one。在该定语从句中，谓语affects后跟两个由并列结构notonlP…but…连接的宾语，分别是newcomers和groups。thathavebeenhereforgenerations为定语从句，修饰的是groups。
【译文】这个问题，比“对没有合法身份的工人应该采取什么政策”、“怎样才能保证边境安全”之类的问题要重要得多，它不但影响到新移民，也影响到那些在美国生活了好几代的族群。
18.
Intime,Italians,Romaniansandmembersofotherso-calledinferiorracesbecame eGemplarPAmericansandcontributedgreatlP,inwaPstoonumeroustodetail,toth ebuildingofthismagnificentnation.(20PP年12月)
【分析】本句为简单句，主架为Italians,Romaniansandmembers…became…Americansandcontributed…tothebu ilding。ofotherso-calledinferiorraces为介词短语作后置定语，修饰members。inwaPstoonumeroustodetail为插入语。
【译文】随着时间的流逝，意大利人、罗马尼亚人以及其他被称作“劣等民族”的人成为了美国人中的典范，他们以各种各样的方式为建设伟大的美国贡献良多。
19.
Butasargumentsaboutimmigrationheatupthecampaigntrail,wealsooughttoasks omebroaderquestionsaboutassimilation,abouthowtoensurethatpeople,onceou tsiders,don’tforeverremainmarginalizedwithintheseshores.(20PP年12月) 【分析】本句为复合句，主架为we…oughttoask…questions…。But表转折。asarguments…campaigntrail为时间状语从句。about…,about…为介词短语作后置定语，修饰questions。howtoensure为宾语从句，作about的宾语。thatpeople…shores为宾语从句，作ensure的宾语，在该从句中，onceoutsiders 为插入语。
【译文】在总统竞选活动中，移民问题又再次升温，我们应该问些更广泛的有关“同
化”的问题，即如何保证这些过去的局外人不会在这个国度永远处于边缘地位。
20. SustainabledevelopmentisappliedtojustabouteverPthingfromenergPtocleanw aterandeconomicgrowth,andasaresultithasbecomedifficulttoquestioneither thebasicassumptionsbehinditorthewaPtheconceptisputtouse.(20PP年12月) 【分析】本句为并列复合句。本句主干为developmentisappliedtoeverPthing,andithasbecomedifficulttoquestion…。from…to…意为“从…到…”，from…to…growth修饰everPthing。asaresult表示结果。either…or…意为“或者…或者…”，either…orthewaP作question的宾语。theconceptisputtouse是定语从句，先行词为waP，在这里可以不用引导词。
【译文】可持续发展被应用到了从能源到洁净水和经济增长的几乎每个领域。结果，要想质问这一概念背后的基本假设或者这一概念是如何被执行的，就变得很困难。
21.
ThisisespeciallPtrueinagriculture,wheresustainabledevelopmentisoftenta kenasthesolemeasureofprogresswithoutaproperappreciationofhistoricaland culturalperspectives.(20PP年12月)
【分析】本句为复合句。主句为ThisisespeciallPtrueinagriculture。where 引导的非限定性定语从句sustainable…perspectives修饰逗号前面的agriculture。historicalandculturalperspectives意为“从历史和文化的角度”。
【译文】这一现象在农业领域更是如此。在农业领域，可持续发展经常被当作进步的唯一标准，但人们忽略了从历史和文化的角度去合理地评价。
22.
AlthoughchildrenofMeGicanimmigrantsdobetter,intermsofeducationalandpro fessionalattainment,thantheirparents,UCLAsociologistEdwardTelleshasfou ndthatthegainsdon’tcontinue.
【分析】本句为复杂句。主句为UCLAsociologistEdwardTelleshasfoundthatthegainsdon’tcontinue。Although 引导让步状语从句。intermsof意为“在……方面”，interms…attainment在句中作插入语。that引导的宾语从句作find的宾语。
【译文】尽管墨西哥移民的孩子在教育和职业造诣方面比他们的父母做得要好，但加利福尼亚某名牌大学洛杉矶分校的社会学家爱德华·泰勒斯却发现，他们的收入没有增加。
23.
TellesfearsthatMeGican-AmericansmaPbefatedtofollowinthefootstepsofAmer icanblacks—thatlargepartsofthecommunitPmaPbecomemired(陷入)inaseeminglPpermanentstateofpovertPandunderachievement.
【分析】本句为复合句。句子主干为Tellesfearsthat…。that引导的宾语从句作fears的宾语。破折号后的内容对前面的内容进行解释说明，说明美籍墨西哥人正在步美国黑人的后尘。
【译文】泰勒斯担心，美籍墨西哥人注定要步美国黑人的后尘——大部分人都可能陷入看似永远的贫困和失意。
24.
Itissittingatarecordlowagainsttheeuroandata30-PearlowagainsttheCanadia ndollar.(20PP年6月)
【分析】本句为简单句。句子主干为Itissitting…。It指代的是前文中的美元。at…theCanadiandollar为介词短语。against在这里表示美元与其他外币的兑换比率。
【译文】美元对欧元的比率也跌破记录，美元对加拿大元的比率更是跌到近三十年的最低点。
25.
ManPEuropeansmaPviewtheU.S.asanarrogantsuperpowerthathasbecomehostilet oforeigners.(20PP年6月)
【分析】本句为复合句。句子主干为EuropeansmaPviewtheU.S.asasuperpower。view…as意为“把…看做”；第一句中的that引导定语从句，先行词为arrogantsuperpower。
【译文】许多欧洲人会认为美国是一个傲慢自大的超级大国，对外国人不友好。但是，没有什么比疲软的美元更让他们觉得美国温暖的了。
26.
Weseeourkids’collegebackgroundasaprizedemonstratinghowwellwe’veraisedt hem.(20PP年6月)
【分析】本句为复合句。主句为Weseeourkid’scollegebackgroundasaprize。see…as意为“把…看做”；demonstrating为现在分词作定语修饰prize；howwellwe’veraisedthem为demonstrating的宾语从句。
【译文】我们将孩子的某名牌大学背景看做是对自己辛苦抚养他们的奖励。
27.
UnderlPingthehPsteria(歇斯底里)isthebeliefthatscarceelitedegreesmustbehighlPvaluable.(20PP年6月) 【分析】本句为复合句。主句为UnderlPingthehPsteriaisthebelief。UnderlPingthehPsteria为现在分词做主语，that引导同位语从句，修饰belief。【译文】支撑这种疯狂的是这样一种信念：稀有的精英学位必定价值颇高。
28.
I’mnowapplPingtograduatedschool,whichmeanssomedaPI’llreturntoaprofessi onwherepeopleneedtobenicetomeinordertogetwhatthePwant.(20PP年12月) 【分析】本句为复合句。主句为I’mnowapplPingtograduatedschool。which引导非限制性定语从句，作从句的主语。在定语从句中包含了一个省略了引导词that 的宾语从句，作means的宾语。宾语从句中又嵌套了一个where引导的定语从句，修饰profession,where在从句中作状语。在这个定语从句中又包含一个what引导的宾语从句，作get的宾语。
【译文】目前，我在申请研究生学历，这就意味着有一天我重回职场时，人们会为了一己之利而对我献媚。
29.
Likemostpeople,I’velongunderstoodthatIwillbejudgedbPmPoccupation,thatm PprofessionisagaugepeopleusetoseehowsmartortalentedIam.(20PP年12月) 【分析】本句为并列复合句。主句为I’veunderstood。主句谓语动词understood 后有两个并列的that引导的宾语从句。在第二个宾语从句中包含一个省略that
最牛英语口语培训模式：躺在家里练口语，全程外教一对一，三个月畅谈无阻！ 洛基英语，免费体验全部在线一对一课程：https://www.doczj.com/doc/79429929.html,/ielts/xd.html（报名网址） Unit 10 Part ⅡReading Comprehension (35 minutes) Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage: More and more, the operations of our businesses, governments, and financial institutions are controlled by information that exists only inside computer memories. Anyone clever enough to modify this information for his own purposes can reap substantial rewards. Even worse, a number of people who have done this and been caught at it have managed to get away without punishment. It's easy for computer crimes to go undetected if no one checks up on what the computer is doing. But even if the crime is detected, the criminal may walk away not only unpunished but with a glowing recommendation from his former employers. Of course, we have no statistics on crimes that go undetected. But it's disturbing to note how many of the crimes we do know about were detected by accident, not by systematic inspections or other security procedures. The computer criminals who have been caught may be the victims of uncommonly bad luck. For example, a certain keypunch (键盘打孔) operator complained of having to stay overtime to punch extra cards. Investigation revealed that the extra cards she was being asked to punch were for dishonest transactions. In another case, dissatisfied employees of the thief tipped off (向……透露) the company that was being robbed. Unlike other lawbreakers, who must leave the country, commit suicide, or go to jail, computer criminals sometimes escape punishment, demanding not only that they not be charged but that they be given good recommendations and perhaps other benefits. All too often, their demands have been met. Why? Because company executives are afraid of the bad publicity that would result if the public found out that their computer had been misused. They hesitate at the thought of a criminal boasting in open court of how he juggled (耍弄) the most confidential records right under the noses of the company's executives, accountants,
2019年6月大学英语六级阅读长难句解析（5） 英语六级阅读长难句解析(5) 1. It is not so bad being ignorant if you are totally ignorant; the hard thing is knowing in some detail the reality of ignorance, the worst spots and here and there the not-so-bad spots, but no true light at the end of the tunnel nor even any tunnels that can yet be trusted. (1991. 阅读. 12月. Text 3) 如果你彻底无知的话，那么无知也就不是那么糟糕。困难的是人们详细了解无知的实际情况最差的方面以及各处并不太差的方面，但并不了解这种困难根本没有结束的迹象，甚至还没有可以信赖的任何解决问题的途径。 句子的主干是it is not so bad being ignorant if...;the hard thing is knowing the realitybut no true lightnor even any tunnels分号连接两个并列分句。前面的分句句首it为形式主语，真正的主语为being ignorant;if引导条件状语从句。后一分句的is knowing和no true lightnor even any tunnels由but连接做系表谓语;句尾that引导的定语从句修饰tunnels. 2. The theoretical separation of living, working, traffic and
2020 年托福阅读长难句100 句：后置定语从句 我们知道 一个句子的主干 ( 主谓宾 ) 相当于它的骨架，识别了主干相当于抓住 了句子的主要信息 ; 而句子的其他修饰、说明及补充的部分 ( 定状补同等 ) 则相当于句子的血肉，血肉中往往包含了大量的附加信息。很多时候这些附加的信息对整句的理解起着辅助、增强甚至不可或缺的作用。 教学中作者发现下面这个句子常常困扰一些语法功底不错的考生： The physicist rightly dreads preciseargument, since an argument that is convincing only if it is precise loses all its force if theassumptions on which it is based are slightly changed, whereas an argument thatis convincing though imprecise may well be stable under small perturbations ofits underlying assumptions. 本句 since 之前的部分含有标准的 S(The physicist)+V(dreads)+O(argument) 结构，而 since 之后明显应该是原因 状语 ( 从句 ) 的部分，所以句首的 SVO就是整句的主句。下面我们来仔 细分析 since 后面的部分： 第一行末尾的 that 紧跟 an argument 之后，显然做 an argument 的后置定语从句。 that is convincing 是一个完整的主系表结构， only if 则引导了这个定语从句自身的 ( 即小级别 ) 条件状语从句 it is precise (仍是一个完整的主系表结构); 接下来我们遇到了 loses ，since 到 loses 之间是两个主系表从句，有各自的系动词，于是 loses 不属于这两个从句，只能与 an argument 对应，这个点也可从单复数上佐证。 loses 与后面的 all its force 形成动宾结构，其中it指代前文的an argument;
英语六级经典长难句分析（15句） 1. This is a difficult and unpleasant business and few animals would survive if they had to start from the beginning and learn about the world wholly by trial and error, for there are the have possible decisions which would prove fatal. (199 2. 阅读. 6. Text 2) 【译文】这是个困难而又糟糕的事，因为如果动物出生后不得不从头学习生存本领，并且仅仅依靠尝试错误体验世界，那么只有极少数动物能够存活，因为它们做出的决定有可能是致命的。 【析句】复合句。主句由and连接两个并列句子组成，This is a difficult and unpleasant business and few animals would survive, and前的句子是简单句，and后的句子后又跟有if引导的条件状语从句和for 引导的原因状语从句for there are decisions, decisions又有which引导的定语从句修饰。 2. Vigorous criticism is constructive in science more than in some other areas of human endeavor because in it there are adequate standards of
2007年12月大学英语六级考试真题 Passage One Questions 52 to 56 are based on the following passage. Like most people, I’ve long understood that I will be judged by my occupation, that my profession is a gauge people use to see how smart or talented I am. Recently, however, I was disappointed to see that it also decides how I’m treated as a person. Last year I left a professional position as a small-town reporter and took a job waiting tables. As someone paid to serve food to people. I had customers say and do things to me I suspect they’d never say or do to their most casual acquaintances. One night a man talking on his cell phone waved me away, then beckoned (示意) me back with his finger minute later, complaining he was ready to order and asking where I’d been. I had waited tables during summers in college and was treated like a peon (勤杂工) plenty of people. But at 19 years old, I believed I deserved inferior treatment from professional adults. Besides, people responded to me differently after I told them I was in college. Customers would joke that one day I’d be sitting at their table, waiting to be served. Once I graduated I took a job at a community newspaper. From my first day, I heard a respectful tone from everyone who called me. I assumed this was the way the professional world worked — cordially. I soon found out differently. I sat several feet away from an advertising sales representative with a similar name. Our calls would often get mixed up and someone asking for Kristen would be transferred to Christie. The mistake was immediately evident. Perhaps it was because money was involved, but people used a tone with Kristen that they never used with me. My job title made people treat me with courtesy. So it was a shock to return to the restaurant industry. It’s no secret that there’s a lot to put up with when waiting tables, and fortunately, much of it can be easily forgotten when you pocket the tips. The service industry, by definition, exists to cater to others’ needs. Still, it seemed that many of my customers didn’t g et the difference between server and servant. I’m now applying to graduated school, which means someday I’ll return to a profession where people need to be nice to me in order to get what they want, I think I’ll take them to dinner first, and see how they treat someone whose only job is to serve them. 52. The author was disappointed to find that _______. [A] one’s position is used as a gauge to measure one’s intelligence [B] talented people like her should fail to get a respectable job [C] one’s occupation affects the way one is treated as a person [D] professionals tend to look down upon manual workers 53. What does the author intend to say by the example in the second paragraph? [A] Some customers simply show no respect to those who serve them. [B] People absorbed in a phone conversation tend to be absent-minded. [C] Waitresses are often treated by customers as casual acquaintances. [D] Some customers like to make loud complaints for no reason at all. 54. How did the author feel when waiting tables at the age of 19? [A] She felt it unfair to be treated as a mere servant by professional. [B] She felt badly hurt when her customers regarded her as a peon. [C] She was embarrassed each time her customers joked with her. [D] She found it natural for professionals to treat her as inferior. 55. What does the author imply by saying “…many of my customers didn’t get the difference between server and servant”(Lines 3-4, Para.7)? [A] Those who cater to others’ needs are destined to be looked down upon.
六级真题阅读长难句分析 1. For hundreds of millions of years, turtles （海龟） have struggled out of the sea to lay their eggs on sandy beaches, long before there were nature documentaries to celebrate them, or GPS satellites and marine biologists to track them, or volunteers to handcarry the hatchlings （幼龟） down to the water 's edge lest they become disoriented by headlights and crawl towards a motel parking lot instead. （2009 年6 月） 【分析】本句为复合句，主架为?turtles have struggled ?。For hundreds of millions of years 为介词短语作时间状语。before ?为时间状语从句，该从句采用的是there be 结构，主语为or 连接的三个名词（词组）：natural documentaries ，GPS satellites and marine biologists 和volunteers ，主语 后的不定式均为主语的后置定语。lest “以免”引导状语从句，采用虚拟语气。【译文】数百万年以来，海龟们都挣扎着从海里爬出来，到沙滩上产卵，那时候还没有自然纪录片来记录它们的活动，没有GPS卫星和海洋生物学家跟踪它们，没有志愿者用手把小海龟放到水边以防它们被桅灯搞得迷失方向而爬向旅馆的停车场。 2. The figures prompted Oceana to petition the government to upgrade the level of protection for the North Atlantic loggerheads from “threatened ” to “endangered” —meaning they are in danger of disappearing without additional help. （2009 年6 月） 【分析】本句为复合句，主架为The figures prompted Oceana ?。to petition the government 为不定式作prompted 的状语，to upgrade the level of protection ?为不定式作petition 的状语。they are in danger ?help 作meaning 的宾语，相当于省略了引导词that 的宾语从句。 【译文】这些数字迫使Oceana向政府请求将对北大西洋大海龟的保护程度由“受到威胁”提升到“濒临灭绝”，这意味着如果没有额外的保护，它们将面临消失的危险。 3. But Nature is indifferent to human notions of fairness, and a report by the Fish and Wildlife Service showed a worrisome drop in the populations of several species of North Atlantic sea turtles, notably loggerheads, which can grow to as much as 400 pounds. （2009 年6 月） 【分析】本句为并列复合句，主架为Nature is indifferent ?and?a report ?showed?a ?drop ?。But 表转折。by the Fish and Wildlife Service 为介词 短语作report 的后置定语。which can grow to as much as 400 pounds 为非限制性定语从句，修饰loggerheads 。be indifferent to 意为“对?无动于衷”。a drop in 指“在?方面下降”。 【译文】但是大自然对人们的平等观念却漠不关心，渔业和野生动物服务组织的一项报告显示，北大西洋好几种海龟的数量都在令人担忧地下降，尤其是一种能够长到400 磅重的大海龟。 4. The narrow strips of beach on which the turtles lay their eggs are being squeezed on one side by development and on the other by the threat of rising sea levels as the oceans warm. （2009 年6 月）
新托福阅读长难句120句(分析+译文 12月16日 1. Totally without light and subjected to intense pressures hundreds of times greater than at the Earth’s surface,the deep—ocean bottom is a hostile environment to humans,in some ways as forbidding and remote as the void of outer space. (定语后置in some ways… 由于完全没有光,而且承受着比在地球表面大数百倍的极大压力,深海底部对人类而言是一个充满敌意的环境,在某些方面就像外层空间一样险恶和遥远。 分句1:Totally without light and subjected to intense pressures 分句2:hundreds of times greater than at the Earth’s surface 分句3:the deep—ocean bottom is a hostile environment to humans 分句4:in some ways as forbidding and remote as the void of outer space 分句2修饰分句1结尾的短语intense pressures, 分句1是分句3的原因状语 分句3是整个长句子的主句 分句4是分句3的后置定语,修饰分句3的a hostile environment to humans 整个句子结构是: 原因状语+主句+后置定语 这是主句前后分别有状语和定语的修饰成分,但是本句其实不是复合句。句子的核心意思是深海对于人类而言是一个充满敌意的环境。
2019年12月英语六级考试长难句翻译练习(12) 1. Great comic artists assume that truth may bear all lights, and thus they seek to accentuate(强调) contradictions in social action, not gloss over or transcend them by appeals to extrasocial symbols of divine ends, cosmic purpose, or laws of nature. 2. The hydrologic(水文地质的) cycle, a major topic in this science, is the complete cycle of phenomena through which water passes, beginning as atmospheric water vapor, passing into liquid and solid form as precipitation (降水(量)), thence along and into the ground surface, and finally again returning to the form of atmospheric water vapor by means of evaporation and transpiration(散发). 3. My point is that its central consciousness—its profound understanding of class and gender as shaping influences on people’s lives—owes much to that earlier literary heritage, a heritage that, in general, has not been sufficiently valued by most contemporary literary critics. 4. In the early 1950’s historians who studies preindustrial Europe (which we may define here as Europe in the period from roughly 1300 to 1800) began, for the first time in large numbers, to investigate more of the preindustrial European population than the 2 or 3 percent who comprised the political and social elite (精华) ： the kings, generals, judges, nobles, bishops, and local magnates (要人) who had hitherto (迄今) usually filled history books. 5. The historian Frederick J. Tuner wrote in the 1890’s that the agrarian(农民) discontent (不满) that had been
2011年6月大学英语六级真题及答案 Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes) Section A Directions: In this section, there is a short passage with 5 questions or incomplete statements. Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words. Please write your answers on Answer Sheet 2. Questions 47 to 51 are based on the following passage. How good are you at saying "no"? For many, it's surprisingly difficult. This is especially true of editors, who by nature tend to be eager and engaged participants in everything they do. Consider these scenarios: It's late in the day. That front-page package you've been working on is nearly complete; one last edit and it's finished. Enter the executive editor, who makes a suggestion requiring a more-than-modest rearrangement of the design and the addition of an information box. You want to scream: "No! It's done!" What do you do? The first rule of saying no to the boss is don't say no. She probably has something in mind when she makes suggestions, and it's up to you to find out what. The second rule is don't raise the stakes by challenging her authority. That issue is already decided. The third rule is to be ready to cite options and consequences. The boss's suggestions might be appropriate, but there are always consequences. She might not know about the pages backing up that need attention, or about the designer who had to go home sick. Tell her she can have what she wants, but explain the consequences. Understand what she's trying to accomplish and propose a Plan B that will make it happen without destroying what you've done so far. Here's another case. Your least-favorite reporter suggests a dumb story idea. This one should be easy, but it's not. If you say no, even politely, you risk inhibiting further ideas, not just from that reporter, but from others who heard that you turned down the idea. This scenario is common in newsrooms that lack a systematic way to filter story suggestions. Two steps are necessary. First, you need a system for how stories are proposed and reviewed. Reporters can tolerate rejection of their ideas if they believe they were given a fair hearing. Your gut reaction (本能反应) and dismissive rejection, even of a worthless idea, might not qualify as systematic or fair. Second, the people you work with need to negotiate a "What if ...?" agreement covering "What if my idea is turned down?" How are people expected to react? Is there an appeal process? Can they refine the idea and resubmit it? By anticipating "What if...?" situations before they happen, you can reach understanding that will help ease you out of confrontations. 47. Instead of directly saying no to your boss, you should find out __________. 48. The author's second warning is that we should avoid running a greater risk by __________. 49. One way of responding to your boss's suggestion is to explain the __________ to her and offer an alternative solution. 50. To ensure fairness to reporters, it is important to set up a system for stories to __________. 51. People who learn to anticipate "What if...?" situations will be able to reach understanding and avoid __________. Section B Directions:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. Passage One Questions 52 to 56 are based on the following passage. At the heart of the debate over illegal immigration lies one key question: are immigrants good or bad for the economy? The American public overwhelmingly thinks they're bad. Yet the consensus among most economists is
第一天 China is the homeof silk. Mulberry planting, sericulture, silk reeling and thickening are allgreat inventions of the ancient Chinese. As early as the Shang and ZhouDynasties (1600BC-256BC), the Chinese people’s silk-weaving techniques hadreached an extremely high level. During the Western Han Dynasty (206BC-25AD),Zhang Qian, an outstanding diplomat, travelled around central Asia andconnected China with the Persian Gulf and the Mediterranean, opening up a newera of Sino-foreign trade, exchange and communication. From then on, China’ssilk became well known for its extraordinary quality, exquisite design andcolor, and abundant culture connotations. Hitherto, Chinese silk has beenaccepted as a symbol of Chinese culture and the emissary of orientalcivilization. 中国是丝绸的故乡。栽桑、养蚕、缫丝、织绸是中国古代人民的伟大发明。商周时期丝绸的生产技术就已发展到相当高的水平。西汉时张骞通西域，把中原与波斯湾、地中海紧密联系起来，开辟了中外交流贸易的新纪元。从此中国的丝绸以其卓越的品质、精美的花色和丰富的文化内涵闻名于世，成为中国文化的象征。东方文明的使者。 But, for a small group of students, professional training might be the way to go since well-developed skills, all other factors being equal, can be the difference between having a job and not. 但是，对一小部分学生来说，职业教育也许是条可取之路。因为在其他因素相同的情况下，技能的娴熟是得到工作与否的关键。 第二天 Chinese Era The Chinese era is the symbol that the Chinese calendar uses for recording andnaming years. The ten Heavenly Stems are: jia, yi, bing, ding, wu, ji, geng,xin, ren, gui. The twelve Earthly Branches are: zi.chou, yin, mou, chen, si,wu, wei, shen, you, xu, hai. After observing the lunar month, the ancientsfound that the moon always wazes and wanes roughly 12 times a year, and twolunar months account for about 60 days, so the order of the ten Heavenly Stemsand the order of the twelve Earthly Branches are properly matched in turn. Interms of recording date, 60 years is considered to be a full time cycle. TheChinese era chronology was first invented in ancient times and is still in usenow. according to the chronology of the “ten Heavenly Stems,” 2011 is the yearof “the seventh of the ten Heavenly Stems” and “ the fifth of the twelveEarthly Branches”. 天干地支是中国历法中用以记录和命名年岁的方法。十天干为：甲、乙、丙、丁、戊、已、庚、辛、壬、癸；十二地支为：子、丑、寅、卯、辰、巳、午、未、申、酉、戊、亥。古人观测朔望月，发现月亮圆缺12次大体上是一年的天数，而两个朔望月约是60天。古人以十天干与十二地支的顺序依次相配，记录不同年份，60年为一个轮回。干支纪年法从古沿用至今。按干支纪年法，2011年便是辛卯