大学英语四六级考试阅读中的长难句

2022年上半年英语四级真题阅读长难句分析1.2022年上半年英语四级真题阅读长难句分析1. it may have been a sharp criticism of the pupil's technical abilities in writing, but it was also a sad reflection on the teacher who had omitted to read the essay, which contained some beautiful expressions of the child's deep feelings. (1991. 阅读. text 1)【译文】这或许是对同学写作力量的尖锐批判，但也反映了老师的悲伤—他根本没读过这篇文章，而文章里包含了同学内心感受的美丽表达。

【析句】多重复合句，句子主干为it may have been a sharp criticism..., but it was a sad refection of the teacher, but连接两个成转折关系的句子，其中，后句又包含两个从句：who had omitted to read the essay作定语从句修饰the teacher,而which引导非限制性定语从句修饰前面的句子。

2. the teacher was not wrong to draw attention to the errors, but if his priorities had centered on he child's ideas, an expression of his disappointment with the presentation would have given the pupil more motivation to seek improvement. (1991. 阅读. text 1)【译文】老师关注错误不行厚非，但假如他更重视同学的想法的话，那么他表现出的绝望本可以激发出同学更大的动力去改进。

英语六级阅读的真题长难句解析
1. While pensioners, particularly elderly women, make up a large proportion of those living alone, the newest crop of singles are high earners in their 30s and 40s who increasingly view living alone as a lifestyle choice.
【译文】尽管大局部单独生活的.人是靠养老金生活的老年人，尤其是老年女性，但是最新消失的这群单身主义者却正值三十岁到四十岁的壮年。

这些人收入丰厚，渐渐把单身看作是一种生活方式的选择。

【析句】复合句。

主句the newest crop of singles are high earners..., who increasingly view living alone as...是定语从句修饰主句，而主句前while引导让步状语从句，具有转折语气。

2. Supporters of the biotech industry have accused an American scientist of misconduct after she testified to the New Zealand government that a genetically modified bacterium could cause serious damage if released.
【译文】一位美国女科学家向新西兰州政府证明，一种基因改造细菌假如泄露到试验室外，可能会导致严峻破坏，随后生物科技产业的支持者对她的这种行为表示了剧烈责备。

英语六级经典长难句分析（15句）1. This is a difficult and unpleasant business and few animals would survive if they had to start from the beginning and learn about the world wholly by trial and error, for there are the have possible decisions which would prove fatal. (1992. 阅读. 6. Text 2)【译文】这是个困难而又糟糕的事，因为如果动物出生后不得不从头学习生存本领，并且仅仅依靠尝试错误体验世界，那么只有极少数动物能够存活，因为它们做出的决定有可能是致命的。

【析句】复合句。

主句由and连接两个并列句子组成，This is a difficult and unpleasant business and few animals would survive, and前的句子是简单句，and后的句子后又跟有if引导的条件状语从句和for 引导的原因状语从句for there are decisions, decisions又有which引导的定语从句修饰。

2. Vigorous criticism is constructive in science more than in some other areas of human endeavor because in it there are adequate standards ofvalidity which can be agreed upon by competent scientists the world over.(1992. 阅读. 6. Text 3)【译文】激烈的批评在科学界比在其他人类智慧领域更能起到建设性的作用，这是因为在科学世界里有足够多的有效标准，这些标准被全世界的优秀科学家们共同认可。

六级阅读真题长难句解析六级阅读真题长难句解析1. The notion that learning should have in it an element of inspired play would seem to the greater part of the academic establishment merely silly, but that is nonetheless the case.【译文】学习中应该包括具有启发性的娱乐这一观点对于大部分学术机构而言似乎是愚蠢的，但事实的确如此。

【析句】本例句的难点在于寻找主句的'主干。

很明显，主句由but连接两个并列句组成，but后的句子that is nonetheless the case 是简单句。

but前的句子主句是the notion would seem merely silly to the greater part of the academic establishment，to在这里作介词，这一介宾结构提前放在了谓语动词seem后，容易让人误以为是短语seem to的用法，结果导致理解失误。

最后主句主语the notion 有that引导的定语从句修饰。

2. Already the public agencies for adult education are swamped by the tide that has swept over them since depression began.【译文】从事成人教育的公共机构已经因为经济萧条开始以来席卷全国的趋势而陷入困境。

【析句】例句2的句子结构并不复杂，主句the public agencies for adult education are swamped by the tide, that has swept over them...作定语从句修饰the tide, 而定语从句中，又有since引导的时间状语从句，这个时间是修饰swept over这个动作的。

英语六级阅读理解长难句剖析英语六级考试中的阅读理解部分，经常出现一些长难句，给考生阅读和理解造成一定困扰。

本文将对英语六级阅读理解中的长难句进行剖析，帮助考生更好地理解和应对这些句子结构复杂的题目。

1. 倒装句型：In no way did I expect him to show up at the party.这句话的正常语序应该是：I did not expect him to show up at the party in any way.倒装句即将助动词或情态动词提前，主语放在谓语动词之后，从而给句子增加了一定的难度。

考生在阅读中要注意寻找这类句子，分析句子结构的变化。

2. 强调句型：It is John who broke the vase.这句话的正常语序应该是：John broke the vase.强调句型通过将强调部分提到句首，突出某个成分，增加了句子的复杂性。

考生需要注意识别这类句子，理解强调的重点。

3. 定语从句：The book, which was recommended by my teacher, is worth reading.这句话中的定语从句“which was recommended by my teacher”修饰前面的名词“book”。

定语从句有两种结构：限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。

限制性定语从句对修饰的名词起限定性作用，不能省略；非限制性定语从句对修饰的名词起补充说明作用，可以省略。

4. 同位语从句：I have no idea what she is talking about.这句话中的同位语从句“what she is talking about”解释说明了前面的名词“idea”。

同位语从句用来解释说明某一名词的具体内容，起进一步补充说明的作用。

5. 宾语从句：He asked me whether I had finished my homework.这句话中的宾语从句“whether I had finished my homework”充当了动词“asked”的宾语。

四六级阅读长难句训练1.Many critics of Eamily Bronte’s novel Wuthering Heights see its second part asa counterpoint that comments on, if it does not reverse, the first part, where a “romantic” reading receives more confirmation.2.The historian Frederick J. Turner wrote in the 1890’s that the agrarian discontent that had been developing steadily in the United States since about 1870 had been precipitated by the closing of the internal frontier——that is, the depletion of available new land needed for further expansion of the American farming system.3.It is true that a high proportion of the newly farmed land was suitable only for grazing and dry farming, but agricultural practices had become sufficiently advanced to make it possible to increase the profitability of farming by utilizing even these relatively barren lands.4.The emphasis given by both scholars and statesmen to the presumed disappearance of the American frontier helped to obscure the great importance of changes in the conditions and consequences of international trade that occurred during the second half of the nineteenth century.5.The use of heat pumps has been held back largely by skepticism about advertisers’ claims that heat pumps can provide as many as two units of thermal energy for each unit of electrical energy used, thus apparently contradicting the principle of energy conservation.6.In brief, her works neither elevate nor instruct. This restraint largely explains her lack of popular success during her lifetime, even if her talent did not go completely unrecognized by her eighteenth-century French contemporaries.7.In the early 1950’s, historians who studied pre-industrial Europe (which we may define here as Europe in the period from roughly 1300 to 1800) began, for the first time in large numbers, to investigate more of the preindustrial European population than the 2 or 3 percent who comprised the political and social elite：the kings, generals, judges, nobles, bishops, and local magnates who had hitherto usually filled history books.8.Islamic law is a phenomenon so different from all other forms of law——notwithstanding, of course, a considerable and inevitable number of coincidences with one or the other of them as far as subject matter and positiveenactment are concerned——that its study is indispensable in order to appreciate adequately the full range of possible legal phenomena.9.Though historically there is a discernible break between Jewish law of the sovereign state of ancient Israel and of the Diaspora (the dispersion of Jewish people after the conquest of Israel)，the spirit of the legal matter in later parts of the Old Testament is very close to that of the Talmud, one of the primary codifications of Jewish law in the Diaspora.10.Islam, on the other hand, represented a radical breakaway from the Arab paganism that preceded it；Islamic law is the result of an examination, from a religious angle, of legal subject matter that was far from uniform, comprising as it did the various components of the laws of pre-Islamic Arabia and numerous legal elements taken over from the non-Arab peoples of the conquered territories.11.Jewish law was buttressed by the cohesion of the community, reinforced by pressure from outside；its rules are the direct expression of this feeling of cohesion, tending toward the accommodation of dissent.12.While the new doctrine seems almost certainly correct, the one papyrus fragment raises the specter that another may be unearthed, showing, for instance, that it was a posthumous production of the Danaid tetralogy which bested Sophocles, and throwing the date once more into utter confusion.13.This is unlikely to happen, but it warns usthat perhaps the most salutary feature of the papyrus scrap is its message of the extreme difficulty of classifying and categorizing rigidly the development of a creative artist.14.Traditionally, pollination by wind has been viewed as a reproductive process marked by random events in which the vagaries of the wind are compensated for by the generation of vast quantities of pollen, so that the ultimate production of new seeds is assured at the expense of producing much more pollen than is actually used.15.Because the potential hazards pollen grains are subject to as they are transported over long distances are enormous, wind-pollinated plants have, in the view above, compensated for the ensuing loss of pollen through happenstance by virtue of producing an amount of pollen that is one to three orders of magnitude greater than the amount produced by species pollinated by insects.16.They conclude that such dramatic technological innovations as the spinning jenny, the sewing machine, the typewriter, and the vacuum cleaner have not resulted in equally dramatic social changes in women"s economic position or in the prevailing evaluation of women"s work.17.The employment of young women in textile mills during the Industrial Revolution was largely an extension of an older pattern of employment of young, single women as domestics.18.It was not the change in office technology, but rather the separation of secretarial work, previously seen as an apprenticeship for beginning managers, from administrative work that in the 1880"s created a new class of "dead-end" jobs, thenceforth considered "women"s work."19.The increase in the numbers of married women employed outside the home in the twentieth century had less to do with the mechanization of housework and an increase in leisure time for these women than it did with their own economic necessity and with high marriage rates that shrank the available pool of single women workers, previously, in many cases, the only women employers would hire.20.Fundamentally, however, the conditions under which women"s work have changed little since before the Industrial Revolution: the segregation of occupations by gender, lower pay for women as a group, jobs that require relatively low levels of skill and offer women little opportunity for advancement all persist, while women"s household labor remains demanding.21.Disputes occurred, of course, among those who remained on the rebel side, but the extraordinary social mobility of eighteenth-century American society (with the obvious exception of slaves) usually prevented such disputes from hardening along class lines.22.Social structure was in fact so fluid—though recent statistics suggest a narrowing of economic opportunity as the latter half of the century progressed—that to talk about social classes at all requires the use of loose economic categories such as rich, poor, and middle class, or eighteenth-century designations like "the better sort."23.Although undertones of class conflict existed beneath such hostility, the opposition was primarily geographical. Sectional conflict—which also existed between North and South—deserves further investigation.24.Yet those who stress the achievement of a general consensus among the colonists cannot fully understand that consensus without understanding the conflicts that had to be overcome or repressed in order to reach it.25.The recent, apparently successful, prediction by mathematical models of an appearance of EI Nino—the warm ocean current that periodically develops along the Pacific coast of South America—has excited researchers.26.Taking months to traverse the Pacific, Rossby waves march to the western boundary of the Pacific basin, which is modeled as a smooth wall but in reality consists of quite irregular island chains, such as, the Philippines and Indonesia.27.Such philosophical concerns as the mind-body problem or, more generally, the nature of human knowledge they believe, are basic human questions whose tentative philosophical solutions have served as the necessary foundations on which all other intellectual speculation has rested.28.When, in the seventeenth century, Descartes and Hobbes rejected medieval philosophy, they did not think of themselves, as modern philosophers do, as proposing a new and better philosophy, but rather as furthering “the warfare between science and theology.”29.They were fighting, albeit discreetly, to open the intellectual world to the new science and to liberate intellectual life from ecclesiastical philosophy and envisioned their work as contributing to the growth, not of philosophy, but of research in mathematics and physics.30.This link between philosophical interests and scientific practice persisted until the nineteenth century, when decline in ecclesiastical power over scholarship and changes in the nature of science provoked the final separation of philosophy from both.31.The demarcation of philosophy from science was facilitated by the development in the early nineteenth century of a new notion, that philosophy’s core interest should be epistemology, the general explanation of what it means to know something.32.Modern philosophers now trace that notion back at least to Descartes and Spinoza, but it was not explicitly articulated until the late eighteenth century, by Kant, and did not become built into the structure of academic institutions and the standard self-descriptions of philosophy professors until the late nineteenth century.33.Me taphysics, philosophy’s traditional core—considered as the most general description of how the heavens and the earth are put together—had been rendered almost completely meaningless by the spectacular progress of physics.34.Kant, however, by focusing philosophy on the problem of knowledge, managed to replace metaphysics with epistemology, and thus to transform the notion of philosophy as “queen of sciences” into the new notion of philosophy as a separate, foundational discipline.35.Under the force of this view, it was perhaps inevitable that the art of rhetoric should pass from the status of being regarded as of questionable worth (because although it might be both a source of pleasure and a means to urge people to right action, it might also be a means to distort truth and a source of misguided action) to the status of being wholly condemned.36.But those who reject the idea of rhetoric because they believe it deals in lies and who at the same time hope to move people to action, must either be liars themselves or be very naive; pure logic has never been a motivating force unless it has been subordinated to human purposes, feelings, and desires, and thereby ceased to be pure logic.37.Calculations of the density of alloys based on Bernal-type models of the alloys metal component agreed fairly well with the experimentally determined values from measurements on alloys consisting of a noble metal together with a metalloid, such as alloys of palladium and silicon, or alloys consisting of iron, phosphorus, and carbon, although small discrepancies remained.38.One of the most promising properties of glassy metals is their high strength combined with high malleability. In usual crystalline materials, one finds an inverse relation between the two properties, whereas for many practical applications simultaneous presence of both properties is desirable.39.One residual obstacle to practical applications that is likely to be overcome is the fact that glassy metals will crystallize at relatively low temperatures when heated slightly.40.Yet Walzer"s argument, however deficient, does point to one of the most serious weaknesses of capitalism—namely, that it brings to predominant positions in a society people who, no matter how legitimately they have earned their material rewards, often lack those other qualities that evoke affection or admiration.41.Some even argue plausibly that this weakness may be irremediable：in any society that, like a capitalist society, seeks to become ever wealthier in material terms disproportionate rewards are bound to flow to the people who are instrumental in producing the increase in its wealth.42.There is a growing realization that the only effective way to achieve further reductions in vehicle emissions—short of a massive shift away from the private automobile—is to replace conventional diesel fuel and gasoline withcleaner-burning fuels such as compressed natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, ethanol, or methanol.43.These dramatic elements, along with an intensely social or political purpose and the use of a mixture of Spanish, English, and Mexican American dialects in the dialogues, which realistically capture the flavor of Mexican American conversation, are still characteristic both of the acto and of most other forms of Mexican American theater today.44.The improvised comic satire of the actos is often attributed to Valdez" study of the Italian commedia dell" arte of the sixteenth century, although some critics see it as a direct reflection of the comic and improvisational qualities of the more contemporary and local carpas of Mexican theater.45.The Italian influence is likely, whatever Valdez immediate source: the Mexican carpas themselves are said to have originated from the theater pieces of a sixteenth-century Spanish writer inspired by encounters with Italian commedia dell"arte troupes on tour in Spain.46.But the recent discovery of detailed similarities in the skeletal structure of the flippers in all three groups undermines the attempt to explain away superficial resemblance as due to convergent evolution—the independent development of similarities between unrelated groups in response to similar environmental pressures.47.In humans excessive intake ( for adults, over 4 milligrams per day) over many years can lead to skeletal fluorosis, a well-defined skeletal disorder, and in some plant species, fluoride is more toxic than ozone, sulfur dioxide, or pesticides.48.And while fluoride intake from water and air can be evaluated relatively easily, it is much harder to estimate how much a given population ingests from foodstuffs because of the wide variations in individual eating habits and in fluoride concentrations in foodstuffs.“四、六级阅读长难句”中文译文1.许多艾米丽·勃朗特的小说《呼啸山庄》的评论家，把小说的第二部分看作一种对比【对照物】，它对第一部分作出评论，即使没有把第一部分逆转，在小说第一部分中，一种“浪漫的”的阅读能获得更多的确认。

逢考必过英语六级阅读长难句词汇及考点讲解(十八)lt's no secret that there's a lot to put up with when waiting tables, and fortunately, much of it can be ea8ily forgotten when you pocket the tips.众所周知，等客人点菜的时候，服务员通常都需要百般忍耐，不过当他们把小费放人口袋的时候，就把这些麻烦忘光了。

六级词汇讲解：本句的结构是“It +be+名词(no secret)+that从句”，其中it是形式主语，that引导的主语从句是本句真正的主语。

it is no secret意为“众所周知”。

如：It is no secret that Singapore owes it all to its uncorrupt leaders for where it is today.众所周知，新加坡今天的成绩得归功于其廉洁的领导人。

短语put up with的意思是“忍受，承受”。

如：I could hardly put up with that guy any longer.我再也不能忍受那家伙了。

pocket作动词讲时，意思是“将……放人口袋”。

tip的意思是“小费”。

六级考点归纳：it作形式主语的that从句是主语从句的一种，可有如下四种搭配：It +be+形容词+that从句。

如：It is essential that...绝对必要的是……It is significant that...重要的是……It is clear that...很明显……It+be+过去分词+that从句。

如：It is recommended that...据推荐/介绍……It is known to us/all that...众所周知……It is anticipated that...据预测……It +be+名词+that,从句。

六级阅读真题长难句解析关于六级阅读真题长难句解析下面是英语六级阅读真题长难句解析，供考生参考学习。

1. She recalls watching the ship, brightly lit, slipping into its dark grave - and into seeming nothingness, rarely mentioned for more than half a century.【译文】她回忆起看着轮船被火光照亮，慢慢沉入漆黑的墓穴，最后永远消失。

这场悲剧半个世纪以来极少被提起。

【析句】英语句子中存在多个动词时，常大量使用分词，保证句子中只有一个谓语动词。

本句中主句是She recalls watching the ship,recall是谓语动词，后面的一系列分词lit,slipping, mentioned的主语都是the ship，通过动作与the ship的主动被动关系决定使用的是现在分词还是过去分词。

在现在分词slipping后跟有两个并列的into短语。

2. Now Germanys Nobel Prize-winning author Gunter Grass has revived the memory of the 9,000 dead, including more than 4,000 children - with his latest novel Crab Walk, published last month.【译文】如今，德国诺贝尔奖作家冈特格拉斯用上个月最新出版的'《蟹行》一书重新将这份惨烈的记忆9000人死亡，其中有4000是儿童在人们心中唤起。

【析句】复合句。

主句Ginter Grass has revived the memory of the 9000 dead是主句，Germanys Nobel Prize-winning author 作主语的同位语。