ASTM D92
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Designation:D92–02bPetroleumProducts5
D4177PracticeforAutomaticSamplingofPetroleumand
PetroleumProducts5
D4206TestMethodforSustainedBurningofLiquidMix-
turesbytheSetaflashTester(Open-Cup)6
E1SpecificationforASTMThermometers7
E300PracticeforSamplingIndustrialChemicals8
2.2IPStandard:9
SpecificationsforIPStandardThermometers
2.3ISOStandards:10
Guide34QualitySystemsGuidelinesfortheProductionof
ReferenceMaterials
Guide35CertificationofReferenceMaterial—Generaland
StatisticalPrinciples
3.Terminology
3.1Definitions:
3.1.1dynamic,adj—inpetroleumproducts,thecondition
wherethevaporabovethetestspecimenandthetestspecimen
arenotintemperatureequilibriumatthetimethattheignition
sourceisapplied.
3.1.1.1Discussion—Thisisprimarilycausedbytheheating
ofthetestspecimenattheconstantprescribedratewiththe
vaportemperaturelaggingbehindthetestspecimentempera-
ture.
3.1.2firepoint,n—inpetroleumproducts,thelowesttem-
peraturecorrectedtoabarometricpressureof101.3kPa(760
mmHg),atwhichapplicationofanignitionsourcecausesthe
vaporsofatestspecimenofthesampletoigniteandsustain
burningforaminimumof5sunderspecifiedconditionsof
test.
3.1.3flashpoint,n—inpetroleumproducts,thelowest
temperaturecorrectedtoabarometricpressureof101.3kPa
(760mmHg),atwhichapplicationofanignitionsourcecauses
thevaporsofaspecimenofthesampletoigniteunderspecified
conditionsoftest.
3.1.3.1Discussion—Thetestspecimenisdeemedtohave
flashedwhenaflameappearsandinstantaneouslypropagates
itselfovertheentiresurfaceofthetestspecimen.
3.1.3.2Discussion—Whentheignitionsourceisatest
flame,theapplicationofthetestflamecancauseabluehaloor
anenlargedflamepriortotheactualflashpoint.Thisisnota
flashpointandshallbeignored.
4.SummaryofTestMethod
4.1Approximately70mLoftestspecimenisfilledintoa
testcup.Thetemperatureofthetestspecimenisincreased
rapidlyatfirstandthenataslowerconstantrateastheflash
pointisapproached.Atspecifiedintervalsatestflameispassed
acrossthecup.Theflashpointisthelowestliquidtemperatureatwhichapplicationofthetestflamecausesthevaporsofthe
testspecimenofthesampletoignite.Todeterminethefire
point,thetestiscontinueduntiltheapplicationofthetestflame
causesthetestspecimentoigniteandsustainburningfora
minimumof5s.
5.SignificanceandUse
5.1Theflashpointisonemeasureofthetendencyofthetest
specimentoformaflammablemixturewithairundercon-
trolledlaboratoryconditions.Itisonlyoneofanumberof
propertiesthatshouldbeconsideredinassessingtheoverall
flammabilityhazardofamaterial.
5.2Flashpointisusedinshippingandsafetyregulationsto
defineflammableandcombustiblematerials.Consultthe
particularregulationinvolvedforprecisedefinitionsofthese
classifications.
5.3Flashpointcanindicatethepossiblepresenceofhighly
volatileandflammablematerialsinarelativelynonvolatileor
nonflammablematerial.Forexample,anabnormallylowflash
pointonatestspecimenofengineoilcanindicategasoline
contamination.
5.4Thistestmethodshallbeusedtomeasureanddescribe
thepropertiesofmaterials,products,orassembliesinresponse
toheatandatestflameundercontrolledlaboratoryconditions
andshallnotbeusedtodescribeorappraisethefirehazardor
fireriskofmaterials,products,orassembliesunderactualfire
conditions.However,resultsofthistestmethodmaybeusedas
elementsofafireriskassessmentthattakesintoaccountallof
thefactorsthatarepertinenttoanassessmentofthefirehazard
ofaparticularenduse.
5.5Thefirepointisonemeasureofthetendencyofthetest
specimentosupportcombustion.
6.Apparatus
6.1ClevelandOpenCupApparatus(manual)—Thisappa-
ratusconsistsofthetestcup,heatingplate,testflameapplica-
tor,heater,andsupportsdescribedindetailintheAnnexA1.
Theassembledmanualapparatus,heatingplate,andcupare
illustratedinFigs.1-3,respectively.Dimensionsarelistedwith
thefigures.
6.2ClevelandOpenCupApparatus(automated)—Thisap-
paratusisanautomatedflashpointinstrumentthatshall
performthetestinaccordancewithSection11Procedure.The
apparatusshallusethetestcupwiththedimensionsas
describedinAnnexA1andtheapplicationofthetestflame
shallbeasdescribedinAnnexA1.
6.3TemperatureMeasuringDevice—Athermometerhav-
ingtherangeasshownbelowandconformingtotherequire-
mentsprescribedinSpecificationE1orintheSpecifications
forIPStandardThermometers,oranelectronictemperature
measuringdevice,suchasaresistancethermometerorther-
mocouple.Thedeviceshallexhibitthesametemperature
responseasthemercurythermometers.
ThermometerNumberTemperatureRangeASTMIP−6to+400°C11C28C20to760°F
11F5AnnualBookofASTMStandards,Vol05.02.6AnnualBookofASTMStandards,Vol06.01.7AnnualBookofASTMStandards,Vol14.03.8Discontinued—See2000AnnualBookofASTMStandards,Vol15.05.9AvailablefromtheInstituteofPetroleum,61NewCavendishSt.,London,W1M8AR,U.K.10AvailablefromAmericanNationalStandardsInstitute(ANSI),25W.43rdSt.,4thFloor,NewYork,NY
10036.
