ASTMD412

  • 格式:pdf
  • 大小:115.55 KB
  • 文档页数:13

Specimensmaybeintheshapeofdumbbells,ringsorstraight

piecesofuniformcross-sectionalarea.

4.2Measurementsfortensilestress,tensilestressatagiven

elongation,tensilestrength,yieldpoint,andultimateelonga-

tionaremadeonspecimensthathavenotbeenprestressed.

Tensilestress,yieldpoint,andtensilestrengtharebasedonthe

originalcross-sectionalareaofauniformcross-sectionofthe

specimen.

4.3Measurementoftensilesetismadeafterapreviously

unstressedspecimenhasbeenextendedandallowedtoretract

byaprescribedprocedure.Measurementof“setafterbreak”is

alsodescribed.

5.SignificanceandUse

5.1Allmaterialsandproductscoveredbythesetestmeth-

odsmustwithstandtensileforcesforadequateperformancein

certainapplications.Thesetestmethodsallowforthemeasure-

mentofsuchtensileproperties.However,tensileproperties

alonemaynotdirectlyrelatetothetotalenduseperformance

oftheproductbecauseofthewiderangeofpotentialperfor-

mancerequirementsinactualuse.

5.2Tensilepropertiesdependbothonthematerialandthe

conditionsoftest(extensionrate,temperature,humidity,speci-

mengeometry,pretestconditioning,etc.);thereforematerials

shouldbecomparedonlywhentestedunderthesamecondi-

tions.

5.3Temperatureandrateofextensionmayhavesubstantial

effectsontensilepropertiesandthereforeshouldbecontrolled.

Theseeffectswillvarydependingonthetypeofmaterialbeing

tested.

5.4Tensilesetrepresentsresidualdeformationwhichis

partlypermanentandpartlyrecoverableafterstretchingand

retraction.Forthisreason,theperiodsofextensionand

recovery(andotherconditionsoftest)mustbecontrolledto

obtaincomparableresults.

6.Apparatus

6.1TestingMachine—Tensiontestsshallbemadeona

powerdrivenmachineequippedtoproduceauniformrateof

gripseparationof500650mm/min(2062in./min)fora

distanceofatleast750mm(30in.)(seeNote1).Thetesting

machineshallhavebothasuitabledynamometerandan

indicatingorrecordingsystemformeasuringtheappliedforce

within62%.Ifthecapacityrangecannotbechangedforatest

(asinthecaseofpendulumdynamometers)theappliedforceat

breakshallbemeasuredwithin62%ofthefullscalevalue,

andthesmallesttensileforcemeasuredshallbeaccurateto

within10%.Ifthedynamometerisofthecompensatingtype

formeasuringtensilestressdirectly,meansshallbeprovidedto

adjustforthecross-sectionalareaofthespecimen.The

responseoftherecordershallbesufficientlyrapidthatthe

appliedforceismeasuredwiththerequisiteaccuracyduring

theextensionofthespecimentorupture.Ifthetestingmachine

isnotequippedwitharecorder,adeviceshallbeprovidedthat

indicates,afterrupture,themaximumforceappliedduring

extension.Testingmachinesystemsshallbecapableofmea-

suringelongationofthetestspecimeninminimumincrements

of10%.

NOTE2—Arateofelongationof10006100mm/min(4064in./min)maybeusedandnotationofthespeedmadeinthereport.Incaseofdispute,thetestshallberepeatedandtherateofelongationshallbeat500650mm/min(2062in./min).

6.2TestChamberforElevatedandLowTemperatures—The

testchambershallconformwiththefollowingrequirements:

6.2.1Airshallbecirculatedthroughthechamberata

velocityof1to2m/s(3.3to6.6ft/s)atthelocationofthegrips

orspindlesandspecimensmaintainedwithin2°C(3.6°F)ofthe

specifiedtemperature.

6.2.2Acalibratedsensingdeviceshallbelocatednearthe

gripsorspindlesformeasuringtheactualtemperature.

6.2.3Thechambershallbeventedtoanexhaustsystemor

totheoutsideatmospheretoremovefumesliberatedathigh

temperatures.

6.2.4Provisionsshallbemadeforsuspendingspecimens

verticallynearthegripsorspindlesforconditioningpriorto

test.Thespecimensshallnottoucheachotherorthesidesof

thechamberexceptformomentarycontactwhenagitatedby

thecirculatingair.

6.2.5Fastactinggripssuitableformanipulationathighor

lowtemperaturesmaybeprovidedtopermitplacingdumbbells

orstraightspecimensinthegripsintheshortesttimepossible

tominimizeanychangeintemperatureofthechamber.

6.2.6Thedynamometershallbesuitableforuseatthe

temperatureoftestoritshallbethermallyinsulatedfromthe

chamber.

6.2.7Provisionshallbemadeformeasuringtheelongation

ofspecimensinthechamber.Ifascaleisusedtomeasurethe

extensionbetweenthebench-marks,thescaleshallbelocated

parallelandclosetothegrippathduringspecimenextension

andshallbecontrolledfromoutsidethechamber.

6.3DialMicrometer—Thedialmicrometershallconformto

therequirementsofPracticeD3767(MethodA).Forring

specimens,see14.10ofthesetestmethods.

6.4ApparatusforTensileSetTest—Thetestingmachine

describedin6.1oranapparatussimilartothatshowninFig.1

maybeused.Astopwatchorothersuitabletimingdevice

measuringinminuteintervalsforatleast30min,shallbe

provided.Ascaleorotherdeviceshallbeprovidedfor

measuringtensilesettowithin1%.

7.SelectionofTestSpecimens

7.1Considerthefollowinginformationinmakingselec-

tions:

7.1.1Sinceanisotropyorgraindirectionalityduetoflow

introducedduringprocessingandpreparationmayhavean

influenceontensileproperties,dumbbellorstraightspecimens