四六级真题及答案解析

大学英语四级考试2024年6月真题(第一套)Part I Writing(30minutes) Directions:Suppose your university is seeking students'opinions on whether university libraries should be open to the public.You are now to write an essay to express your view.You will have30minutesfor the task.You should write at least120words but no more than180words.PartⅡListening Comprehension(25minutes) Section ADirections:In this section,you will hear three news reports.At the end ofeach news report,you will hear two or three questions.Both the news report and the questions will bespoken only once.Afier you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C)and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet1with a single line through the centre.Questions1and2are based on the news report you have just heard.1.A)Due to a fire alarm in their apartments.B)Because of the smoke and heat damage2.A)Investigating the cause of the incident.B)Helping search for the suspect of the crime.C)Due to the water used to extinguish the flames.D)Becauseof the collapse of the three-story building.C)Rescuing the businessmen trapped in the building.D)Checking town records for the property developer.Questions3and4are based on the news report you have just heard.3.A)It plays a less important role in one's health than nutrient intake.B)It impacts people's health to a lesser degree than sun exposure.C)It is associated with people's mental health conditionsD)It is linked with older adults'symptoms ofdepression4.A)It was indefinite C)It was straightforward.B)It was systematic.D)It was insignificant. Questions5to7are based on the news report you have just heard.5.A)It has helped solve several murder cases.B)It has become a star police dog in Beijing6.A)To speed up investigation into criminal cases.B)To test the feasibility of cloning technology.7.A)Cloning is too complicated a processB)The technology is yet to be accepted C)It has surpassed its mother in performance.D)It has done better than naturally born dogs.C)To cut down training expensesD)To reduce their training time.C)Cloning is ethically controversial.D)The technology is too expensive.Section BDirections:In this section,you will hear two long conversations.At the end ofeach conversation,you will hear four questions.Both the conversation and the questions will bespoken only once.After you hear a question,you1·2024年6月四级真题(第一套)·must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C)and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet I with a single line through the centre.Questions8to11are based on the conversation you have just heard.8.A)He read it somewhere online.B)He heard about it from a coworker.9.A)His publications.B)His first book.10.A)Collect a lot more data.B)Relax a bit less often.11.A)Find out the show's most interesting episodesB)Watch the series together with the woman.C)He read an article reviewing it.D)He watched a TV series based on it.C)His addressD)His name.C)Clarify many new conceptsD)Read more reference books.C)Get an e-Copy of the book to read.D)Check to see when the show starts.Questions12to15are based on the conversation you have just heard.12.A)To check the prices of his farm produce.B)To ask the way to the Newcastle City Hall.13.A)Bakers.B)Vendors14.A)The issuing of certificates to vendors.B)The completion of the baking task.15.A)The closing date of submission.C)To inquire about the vegetarian food festival.D)To seekthe man's help with her work on the farm.C)Vegetarians.D)OrganisersC)The festival they are organising.D)The deadline for application.C)The details of the ceremonyB)The website of his company.D)The organiser'saddressSection CDirections:In this section,you will hearthre passages.At the end ofeach passage,you will hear three or four questions.Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.Afteryou hear a question,you must choose the bestanswer from the four choices marked A),B),C)and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet I with a single line through the centreQuestions16to18are based on the passage you havejust heard.16.A)Most scenic sites have been closed.B)Access to official campsites is limited17.A)It is strongly opposed by nearby residentsB)It leads to much waste of public money18.A)Look for open land in ScotlandB)Leave no trace of their camping C)Health experts advise going outdoors.D)People have more time during the summer.C)It has caused environmental concernsD)It has created conflicts among campers.C)Avoid getting close to wilderness.D)Ask for permission from authorities.Questions19to21are based on the passage you have just heard.19.A)They outcompete mythical creatures.B)They usually mind their own business.·2024年6月四级真题(第一套)·C)They truly exist in the AmazonregionD)They resemble alarmingly large snakes 220.A)Scar tissue from dolphins'fighting.B)Skin infection from water pollution.21.A)It has been shrinking at an astonishing pace.C)Unhealed wounds from snake bites.D)Swimming along in seasonal floods.B)It has been placed under international protection.C)It has been appealing to both freshwater and sea dolphinsD)It has been abandoned as a battleground for male dolphins.Questions22to25are based on the passageyou have just heard.22.A)About58%of young adults call parental support the new normal.B)Most adult children enjoy increasing sources of financial supportC)A full70%of the young adults cannot afford to buy a car by themselves.D)Most early adults cannot sustain their lifestyles without parental support23.A)It renders them dependent.C)It makes them mentally immature.B)It causes them to lose dignity.D)It hinders them from getting ahead.24.A)It challenges one's willpower C)It calls for due assistance.B)It results from education.D)It defines adulthood.25.A)Current lifestyles C)College loansB)Poor budgeting.D)Emergency expensesPartⅢReading Comprehension(40minutes) Section ADirections:In this section,there is a passage with ten blanks.You are required to select one wordfor each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage.Read the passage through carefully before making your choices.Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter:Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet2with a single line through the centre.You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.It's well known that physical exercise is beneficial not just to physical health but also to mental health.Yet whereas most countries have26evidence-backed guidelines on the type and intensity of exercise27for various physical health benefits,such guidelines do not yet exist for exercise and mood. This is28due to a lack of necessary evidence.However,a new systematic review brings us usefully up-to-date on the current findings in this area.Before29into some of the key take-aways,an important30made in the review is between aerobic exercise and anaerobic.The former31such things as walking,jogging and cycling and means exercising in such a way that your body is able to use oxygen to burn fat for energy.In contrast,anaerobic exercise—such as lifting heavy weights—is of such32intensity that your body does not have time to use oxygen to create energy and so instead it breaksdown glucose(葡萄糖)in your blood or muscles.Beginning first with the influence of exercise intensity on the mood benefits of aerobic exercise,the researchers,led by John Chan at Shenzhen University,found33resultsfrom19relevant studies.Some3·2024年6月四级真题(第一套)·favoured higher intensity,others low,while seven studies found that intensity made no34_to mood benefits.In relation to the intensity of anaerobic exercise,however,the results were far clearer—the optimum (最佳选择)for improving mood is35intensity,perhaps because low intensity is too dull while high intensity is too unpleasantA)constitutesB)contradictoryC)decisionD)detailedE)differenceF)dippingG)distinctionH)falling I)involves J)moderate K)notified L)partlyM)required N)traditionally O)vigorousSection BDirections:In this section,you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it.Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs.Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived.You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked with a letter.Answer the questions by markingthe corresponding letter on Answer Sheet2.Why DoAmericans Work So Much?A)How will we all keep busy when we only have to work15hours a week?That was the question that worriedthe British economist John Maynard Keynes when he wrote his short essay“Economic Possibilities for Our Grandchildren”in1930.Over the next century,he predicted,the economy would become so productive that people would barely need to work at all.For a while,it looked like Keynes was right.In1930the average working week was47hours in the United States.But by1970,the number of hours Americans worked on average had fallen to slightly less than39.B)But then something changed.Instead of continuing to decline,the duration of the working week remainedstable.It has stayed at just below40hours for nearly five decades.So what happened?Why are people working just as much today as in1970?C)There would be no mystery in this if Keynes had been wrong about the power of technology to increase theeconomy's productivity,which he thought would lead to a standard of living“between four and eight times as high as it is today.”But Keynes got that right:Technology has made the economy massively more productive.According to Benjamin M.Friedman,an economistat Harvard,the U.S.economy is right ontrack to reach Keynes's eight-fold(八倍)multiple by2029.That is a century after the last data Keynes wouldhave had access to.D)In a new paper,Friedman tries to figure out why that increased productivity has not translated into increasedleisure time.Perhaps people just never feel materially satisfied,always wanting more money to buy the next ·2024年6月四级真题(第一套)·4new thing.This is a theory that appeals to many economists.“This argument is,at best,far from sufficient,”he writes.If that were the case,why did the duration of the working week decline in the first place?E)Another theory Friedman considers is that,in an era of ever fewer settings that provide effectiveopportunitiesfor personal connections and relationships,people may place more value on the socializing that happens at work.There is support for this theory.Many people today consider colleagues as friends.But Friedman argues that the evidence for this theory is far from conclusive.Many workers report that they would like to spend more time with family,rather than at work.Furthermore,this theory cannot explain the change in trend in the U.S.working week in the1970s.F)A third possibility proves more convincing for Friedman.That is:American inequality means that the gainsof increasing productivity are not widely shared by everyone.In other words,most Americans are too poor to work less.Unlike the other two explanations Friedman considers,this one fits chronologically(按年代).Inequality declined in America during the period following World War II,along with the duration of the working week.But since the early1970s it has risen dramatically.G)Keynes's prediction of a shorter working week rests on the idea that the standard of living would continuerising for everyone.But Friedman says that this is not what has happened.Although Keynes's eight-fold figure holds up for the economy as a whole,it is not at all the case for the median(中位数的)American worker.For them,output by2029is likely to be around3.5times what it was when Keynes was writing.This is a bit below his four-to eight-fold predicted rangeH)This can be seen in the median worker's income over this time period,complete with a shift in1973that fitsin precisely with when the working week stopped shrinking.According to Friedman,between1947and1973 the average hourly wage for normal workers(those who were not in management roles)in private industries other than agriculture nearly doubled in terms of what their money could buy.But by2013the average hourly wage for ordinary workers had fallen5percent from the1973level in terms of actual purchasing power.Thus,though American incomes may have gone up since1973,the amount that American workers can actually buy with their money has gone down.For most Americans,then,the magic of increasing productivity stopped working around1973.Thus,they had to keep working just as much in order to maintain their standard of livingI)What Keynes predicted was a very optimistic version of what economists call technological unemployment.This is the idea that less labor will be necessary because machines can do somuch.In Keynes's vision,the resulting unemployment would be distributed more or less evenly across society in the form of increased leisure.But Friedman says that,for Americans,reality is much darker.Americans now have a labor market in which millions of people—those with fewer skills and less education—are seeking whatever poorly paid work they can get.This is confirmed by a recent poll that found that,for half of hourly workers,their top concern is not that they work too much but that they work too little.This is most likely not because they like their jobs so much.Rather,we can assume it is because they need the money.J)This explanation leaves an important question.If the very rich—the workers who have reaped above-average gains from the increased productivity since Keynes's time—can afford to work less,why do they continue to work so much?(Indeed,research has shown that the highest earners in America tend to work the most.)5·2024年6月四级真题(第一套)·Friedman believes that for many top earners,work is a labor of love.They are doing work they care about and are interested in,and doing more of it is not necessarily a burden.For them,it may even be a pleasure.These top earners derive meaning from their jobs and work is an important part of how they think of themselves.And,of course,they are compensated for it at a level that makes it worth their while.K)Friedman concludes that the prosperity(繁荣)Keynes predicted is here.After all,the economy as a whole has grown even more brilliantly than he expected.But for most Americans,that prosperity is nowhere to be seen.And,as a result,neither are those shorter working weeks.36.Some people view socializing at the workplace as a chance to develop personal relationships.37.As ordinary American workers'average hourly pay had decreased despite increasing productivity,they had towork just as manyhours as before to keep their living standards.38.American workers'average weekly workingtime has not changed for nearly half a century.39.Friedman believes inequality in the rgely explains why increasing productivity has not resulted inreduced working hours.40.Many economists assume people's thirst for material things has prevented them from enjoying more leisuretime.41.An economist'sprediction about a shorter average working week seemed to be correct for a time in the20thcentury.42.In the bor market,the primary concern of people with less schooling and fewer skills is to secure anyemployment even if it is low-paid.43.Keynes was right in predicting that technology would make the economy much more productive.44.Many of the highest earners have a keen interest in and love for what they are doing45.According to Keynes,there would be a shorter working week with everyone's standard of living continuingtorise.Section CDirections:There are2passages in this section.Eachpassage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C)and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet2with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions46to50are based on the following passage.Lao Zi once said,“Care about what other people think and you will always be their prisoner.”People-pleasing,or seeking self-worth through others'approval,is unproductive and an exhausting way to go through life.Why do we allow what others think of us to have so much power over how we feel about ourselves?If it's true that you can't please all people all of the time,wouldn't it make sense to stop trying?Unfortunately,sense often isn't driving our behavior.For social beings who desire love and belonging, wanting to be liked,and caring about the effect we have on others,is healthy and allows us to make connections.·2024年6月四级真题(第一套)·6However,where we get into trouble is when our self-worth is dependent upon whether we win someone's approval or not.This need to be liked can be traced back to when we were children and werecompletely dependent on others to take care of us:Small children are not just learning how to walk and communicate,they are alsotrying to learn how the world works.We learn about who we are and what is expected of us based on interactions with others so,to a four-year-old,if Mommy or Daddy doesn't like him or her,there is the danger that they will abandon them.We need to understand that when we desperately want someone to approveof us,it's being driven by that little kid part of us that is still terrified of abandonment.As you become more capable of providing yourself with the approval you seek,your need for external validation will start to vanish,leaving you stronger,more confident,and yes,happier in your life.Imagine how much time we lose each moment we restrainour authentic selves in an effort to be liked.If we base our worth on the opinions of others,we cheat ourselves of the power to shape our experiences and embrace life not only for others but also for ourselves,becauseultimately,there is no difference.So embrace the cliché(老话)and loveyourself as it's highly doubtful that you'll regret it.46.What can we conclude from Lao Zi's quotation?A)We should seethrough otherpeople's attempt to make a prisonerof us.B)We can never really please other people even if we try as hard as we can.C)We can never be truly free if taking to heart others'opinion of us.D)We should care about other people's view as much as they care about our own.47.What will happen if we base our self-worth on other people's approval?A)Our desire to be loved will be fulfilled.C)Our identity as social beings will be affected.B)Our life will be unfruitful and exhausting D)Our sense of self will be sharpened and enhanced.48.What may account for our need to be liked or approved of?A)Our desperate longing for interactions with others.C)Our knowledge about the pain of abandonment.B)Our understanding of the workings of the world.D)Our early childhood fear of being deserted.49.What can we do when we become better able to provide ourselves with the desired approval?A)Enjoy a happier life.C)Receive more external validation.B)Exercise self-restraint.D)Strengthen our power of imagination.50.What does the author advise us to do in the last paragraph?A)Embrace life for ourselves and for others.C)See our experiencesas assets.B)Base our worth on others'opinions.D)Love ourselves as we arePassage TwoQuestions51to55are based on the following passage.Some people have said aging is more a slide into forgetfulness than a journey towards wisdom.However,a growing body of research suggests that late-in-life learning is possible.In reality,education does an aging brain good.7·2024年6月四级真题(第一套)·Throughout life,people's brains constantly renovate themselves.In the late1960s,British brain scientist Geoffrey Raisman spied growth in damaged brain regions ofrats through an electron microscope; their brains were forging new connections.This meant brains may change every time a person learns something new.Of course,that doesn't mean the brain isn't affected by the effects of time.Just as height usually declines over the years,so does brain volume:Humans lose about4percent every decade starting in their40s.But that reduction doesn't necessarily make people think slower;as long as we are alive and functioning,we can alter our brains with new information and experiences.In fact,scientists now suspect accumulating novel experiences,facts,and skills can keep people's minds more flexible.New pathways can strengthen our ever-changing mental structure,even as the brain shrinks.Conventional fixes like word puzzles and brain-training apps can contribute to mental durability.Even something as simple as taking a different route to the grocery store or going somewhere new on vacation can keep the brain healthy.A desire for new life challenges can further boost brainpower.Research about aging adults who take on new enterprises shows improved function and memory as well as a reduced risk of mental disease.Openness—a characteristic defined by curiosity and a desire for knowledge—may also help folks pass brain tests.Some folks are born with this take-in-the-world atitude,but those who aren't as genetically gifted aren't necessarily out of luck.While genes can encourage an interest in doing new things,a2012study in the journal Psychology and Aging found completing reasoning tasks like puzzles and number games can enhance that desire for novel experiences,which can,in turn,refresh the brain.That's why brain scientist Richard Kennedy says“It's not that old dogs can't learn new tricks.It's that maybe old dogs don't realize why they should.”51.What do some people think of aging adults?A)Their wisdom grows as time goes by.C)They can benefit from late-in-life learning.B)Their memory gradually deteriorates D)They are likely to have mental health issues.52.What can we conclude from Geoffrey Raisman's finding?A)Brain damage seriously hinders one'slearning.C)Brains can refresh and improve with learning.B)Brain power weakens slower than we imagine D)Brains forge connections under new conditions53.What is one thing that helps maintain the health of our brain even as it shrinks?A)Doing daily routines by conventional means.C)Imitating old dogs'way of learning new tricksB)Avoiding worrying about our mental durability.D)Approaching everyday tasks in novel ways.54.What does the author say can contribute to the improvement of brain function?A)Being curious and desiring knowledge.C)Rising to life's challenges and avoiding risks.B)Being eager to pass brain tests at an old age.D)Boosting immunity to serious mental diseases55.What is the finding of the2012study in the journal Psychology and Aging?A)Wishing to solve puzzles enhances one's reasoning power.B)Playingnumber games unexpectedly stimulates one's memory.·2024年6月四级真题(第一套)·8C)Desiring new experiences can help to renovate thebrain.D)Learning new tricks shouldnot beconfined to old dogs only.Part IV Translation(30minutes) Directions:For this part,you are allowed30minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English.You should write your answer on AnswerSheet2.四合院(siheyuan)是中国一种传统的住宅建筑，其特点是房屋建造在一个院子的四周，将院子合围在中间。

2016-2017年6月大学英语六级考试真题及参考答案2016-2017年6月大学英语六级考试真题及参考答案一、单选题第1题：It seems somewhat ___________ to expect anyone to drive 3 hours just for a 20-minute meeting.A) eccentric B) impossible C) absurd D) unique【正确答案】：C【参考解析】：无第2题：This area of the park has been specially __________ for children, but accompanying adults are also welcome.A) inaugurated B) designated C) entitled D) delegated【正确答案】：B【参考解析】：无第3题：The girl’s face __________ with embarrassment during the interview when she couldn’t answer the tough question.A) beamed B) dazzled C) radiated D) flushed【正确答案】：A【参考解析】：无第4题：Slavery was __________ in Canada in 1833, and Canadian authorities encouraged the slaves, who escaped from America, to settle on its vast virgin landA) diluted B) dissipated C) abolished D) resigned【正确答案】：B【参考解析】：无第5题：Unfortunately, the new edition of dictionary is __________ in all major bookshops.A) out of reach B) out of stock C) out of business D) out of season【正确答案】：A【参考解析】：无第6题：The hands on my alarm clock are __________, so I can see what time it is in the dark.A) exotic B) gorgeous C) luminous D) spectacular【正确答案】：D【参考解析】：无第7题：Psychologists have done extensive studies on how well patients __________ with doctors’ orders.A) comply B) correspond C) interfere D) interact【正确答案】：A【参考解析】：无第8题：In today’s class, the students were asked to __their mistakes on the exam paper and put in their possible corrections.A) cancel B) omit C)extinguish D)erase【正确答案】：D【参考解析】：无第9题：The Government’s policies will come under close __ in the weeks before the election.A) appreciation B) specification C)scrutiny D)apprehension【正确答案】：C【参考解析】：无第10题：Police and villagers unanimously __the forest fire to thunder and lightning.A) ascribed B) approached C)confirmed D)confined【正确答案】：D【参考解析】：无第11题：In some remote places there are still very poor people who can’t afford to live in __conditions.A) gracious B) decent C)honorable D)positive【正确答案】：A【参考解析】：无第12题：Since our knowledge is __ none of us can exclude the possibility of being wrong.A) controlled B )restrained C)finite D)delicate【正确答案】：C【参考解析】：无第13题：You shouldn’t __your father’s instructions. Anyway he is an experienced teacher.A) deduce B) deliberate C)defy D)denounce【正确答案】：B【参考解析】：无第14题：The company management attempted to __information that was not favorable to them, but it was all in vain.A) suppress B) supplement C)concentrate D)plug【正确答案】：B【参考解析】：无第15题：It is my hope that everyone in this class should __ their errors before it is too late.A) refute B) exclude C)expel D)rectify【正确答案】：D【参考解析】：无第16题：The boy’s foolish question __his mother who was busy with housework and had no interest in talking.A) intrigued B) fascinated C) irritated D)stimulated【正确答案】：B【参考解析】：无第17题：Millions of people around the world have some type of physical, mental, or emotional __ that severely limits their abilities to manage their daily activities.A) scandal B) misfortune C)deficit D)handicap【正确答案】：A【参考解析】：无第18题：It is believed that the feeding patterns parents __ on their children can determine their adolescent and adult eating habits.A) compel B) impose C)evoke D)necessitate【正确答案】：C【参考解析】：无第19题：If the value-added tax were done away with, it would act as a __ to consumption.A) progression B) prime C)stability D)stimulus【正确答案】：D【参考解析】：无第20题：The bride and groom promised to __ each other through sickness and health.A) nourish B) nominate C)roster D)cherish【正确答案】：B【参考解析】：无第21题：They’re going to build a big office b lock on that __ piece of land.A) void B) vacant C)blank D)shallow【正确答案】：D【参考解析】：无第22题：Without any hesitation, she took off her shoes, __up her skirt and splashed across the stream.A) tucked B) revolved C)twisted D)curled【正确答案】：B【参考解析】：无第23题：Very few people could understand his lecture because the subject was very __.A) faint B) obscure C)gloomy D)indefinite【正确答案】：A【参考解析】：无第24题：Professor Smith explained the movement of light__ that of water.A) by analogy with B) by virtue of C)in line with D)in terms of【正确答案】：D【参考解析】：无第25题：Tom is bankrupt now. He is desperate because all his efforts __ failure.A) tumbled to B) hinged upon C)inflicted on D)culminated in【正确答案】：A【参考解析】：无第26题：While fashion is thought of usually __ clothing, it is important to realize that it covers a much wider domain.A) in relation to B) in proportion to C)by means of D)on behalf of【正确答案】：C【参考解析】：无第27题：The meaning of the sentence is __; you can interpret it in several ways.A) skeptical B) intelligible C)ambiguous D)exclusive【正确答案】：A【参考解析】：无第28题：Cancer is a group of diseases in which there is uncontrolled and disordered growth of __ cells.A) irrelevant B) inferior C)controversial D)abnormal【正确答案】：B【参考解析】：无第29题：At that time, the economy was still undergoing a __and job offers were hard to get.A) concession B) supervision C)recession D)deviation【正确答案】：D【参考解析】：无第30题：I could hear nothing but the roar of the airplane engines which __all other sounds.A) overturned B) drowned C)deafened D)smoothed【正确答案】：D【参考解析】：无二、阅读理解第31题：Too many vulnerable child-free adults are being ruthlessly(无情的)manipulated into parent-hood by their parents , who think that happiness among older people depends on having a grand-child to spoil. We need an organization to help beat down the persistent campaigns of grandchildless parents. It’s time to establish Planned Grandparenthood, which would have many global and local benefits.Part of its mission would be to promote the risks and realities associated with being a grandparent. The staff would include depressed grandparents who would explain how grandkids break lamps, bite, scream and kick. Others would detail how an hour of baby-sitting often turns into a crying marathon. More grandparents would testif y that they had to pay for their grandchild’s expensive college education.Planned grandparenthood’s carefully written literature would detail all the joys of life grand-child-free a calm living room, extra money for luxuries during the golden years, etc. Potential grandparents would be reminded that, without grandchildren around, it’s possible to have a conversation with your kids, who----incidentally-----would have more time for their own parents .Meanwhile, most children are vulnerable to the enormous influence exerted by grandchildless parents aiming to persuade their kids to produce children . They will take a call from a persistent parent, even if they’re loaded with works. In addition, some parents make handsome money offers payable upon the grandchi ld’s birth. Sometimes these gifts not only cover expenses associated with the infant’s birth, but extras, too, like a vacation. In any case, cash gifts can weaken the resolve of even the noblest person.At Planned Grandparenthood, children targeted by their parents to reproduce could obtain non-biased information about the insanity of having their own kids. The catastrophic psychological and economic costs of childbearing would be emphasized. The symptoms ofmorning sickness would be listed and horrors of childbirth pictured. A monthly newsletter would contain stories about overwhelmed parents and offer guidance on how childless adults can respond to the different lobbying tactics that would-be grandparents employ.When I think about all the problems of our overpopulated world and look at our boy grabbing at the lamp by the sofa, I wish I could have turned to Planned Grandparenthood when my parents were putting the grandchild squeeze on me.If I could have, I might not be in this parenthood predicament( 窘境) . But here’s the crazy irony, I don’t want my child-free life back . Dylan’s too much fun.1. What’s the purpose of the proposed organization Planned Grandparenthood?A) To encourage childless couples to have children.B) To provide facilities and services for grandchildless parents.C) To offer counseling to people on how to raise grandchildren.D) To discourage people from insisting on having grandchildren.2. Planned Grandparenthood would include depressed grandparents on its staff in order to____.A) show them the joys of life grandparents may have in raising grandchildrenB) draw attention to the troubles and difficulties grandchildren may causeC) share their experience in raising grandchildren in a more scientific wayD) help raise funds to cover the high expense of education for grandchildren3. According to the passage, some couples may eventually choose to have children because_____.A) they find it hard to resist the carrot-and-stick approach of their parentsB) they have learn from other parents about the joys of having childrenC) they feel more and more lonely ad they grow olderD) they have found it irrational to remain childless4.By saying “… my parents were putting the grandchild squeeze on me” (Line 2-3,Para. 6), the author means that _________.A) her parents kept pressuring her to have a childB) her parents liked to have a grandchild in their armsC) her parents asked her to save for the expenses of raising a childD) her parents kept blaming her for her child’s bad behavior5.What does the author really of the idea of having children?A) It does more harm than good.B) It contributes to overpopulation.C) It is troublesome but rewarding.D) It is a psychological catastrophe1小题>、【正确答案】：D2小题>、【正确答案】：D3小题>、【正确答案】：A4小题>、【正确答案】：B5小题>、【正确答案】：C【参考解析】：无第32题：Ask most people how they define the American Dream and chances are they’ll say, “Success.” The dream of individual opportunity has been home in American since Europeans discovered a “new world” in the Western Hemisphere. Early immigrants like Hector St. Jean de Crevecoeur praised highly the freedom and opportunity to be found in this new land. His glowing descriptions of a classless society where anyone could attain success through honesty and hard work fired the imaginations of many European readers: in Letters from an American Farmer (1782) he wrote. “We are all excited at the spirit of an industry which is unfettered (无拘无束的) and unrestrained, because each person works for himself … We have no princes, for whom we toil (干苦力活)，starve, and bleed: we are the most perfect society now existing in the world.” The promise of a land where “the rewards of a man’s industry follow with equal steps the progress of his labor” drew poor immigrants from Europe and fueled national expansion into the western territories.Our national mythology (神化) is full of illustration the American success story. There’s Benjamin Franklin, the very model of the self-educated, self-made man, who rose from modest origins to become a well-known scientist, philosopher, and statesman. In the nineteenth century, Horatio Alger, a writer of fiction for young boys, became American’s best-selling author with rags-to-riches tales. The notion of success haunts us: we spend million every year reading about the rich and famous, learning how to “make a fortune in real estate with no money down,” and “dressing for success.” The myth of success has even invaded our personal relationships: today it’s as important to be “successful” in marriage or parenthoods as it is to come out on top in business.But dre ams easily turn into nightmares. Every American who hopes to “make it” also knows the fear of failure, because the myth of success inevitably implies comparison between the haves and the have-nots, the stars and the anonymous crowd. Under pressure of the myth, we become indulged in status symbols: we try to live in the “right” neighborhoods, wear the “right” clothes, eat the “right” foods. These symbols of distinction assure us and others that we believe strongly in the fundamental equality of all, yet strive as hard as we can to separate ourselves from our fellow citizens.1. What is the essence of the American Dream according to Crevecoeur?A) People are free to develop their power of imagination.B) People who are honest and work hard can succeed.C) People are free from exploitation and oppression.D) People can fully enjoy individual freedom.2.By saying “the rewards of a man’s industry follow with equal steps the progress of his labor” (Line 10, Para. 1), the author means __________ .A) the more diligent one is, the bigger his returnsB) laborious work ensures the growth of an industryC) a man’s business should be developed step by stepD) a company’s success depends on its employees’ hard work3. The characters described in Horatio Alger’s novel s are people who _______.A) succeed in real estate investmentB) earned enormous fortunes by chancesC) became wealthy after starting life very poorD) became famous despite their modest origins4. It can be inferred from the last sentence of the second paragraph that _________.A) business success often contributes to a successful marriageB) Americans wish to succeed in every aspect of lifeC) good personal relationships lead to business successD) successful business people provide good care for their children5. What is the paradox of American culture according to the author?A) The American road to success is full of nightmares.B) Status symbols are not a real indicator of a person’s wealth.C) The American Dream is nothing but an empty dream.D) What Americans strive after often contradicts their beliefs.1小题>、【正确答案】：A2小题>、【正确答案】：C3小题>、【正确答案】：B4小题>、【正确答案】：A5小题>、【正确答案】：D【参考解析】：无第33题：Public distrust of scientists stems in part from the blurring of boundaries between science and technology, between discovery and manufacture. Most government, perhaps all governments, justify public expenditure on scientific research in terms of the economic benefits the scientific enterprise ha brought in the past and will bring in the future. Politicians remind their voters of the splendid machines ‘our scientists’ have invented, the new drugs to relieve old ailments (病痛), and the new surgical equipment and techniques by which previously intractable (难治疗的) conditions may now be treated and lives saved. At the same time, the politicians demand of scientists that they tailor their research to ‘economics needs’, that they award a higher priority to research proposals that are ‘near the market’ and can be translated into the greatest return on investment in the shortest time. Dependent, as they are, on politicians for much of their funding, scientists have little choice but to comply. Like the rest of us, they are members of a society that rates the creation of wealth as the greatest possible good. Many have reservations, but keep them to themselves in what they perceive as a climate hostile to the pursuit of understanding for its own sake and the idea of an inquiring, creative spirit.In such circumstances no one should be too hard on people who are suspicious of conflicts of interest. When we learn that the distinguished professor assuring us of the safety of a particularproduct holds a consultancy with the company making it, we cannot be blamed for wondering whether his fee might conceivably cloud his professional judgment. Even if the professor holds no consultancy with any firm, some people many still distrust him because of his association with those who do, or at least wonder about the source of some his research funding.This attitude can have damaging effects. It questions the integrity of individuals working in a profession that prizes intellectual honesty as the supreme virtue, and plays into the hands of those who would like to discredit scientists by representing then a venal (可以收买的). This makes it easier to dismiss all scientific pronouncements, but especially those made by the scientists who present themselves as ‘experts’. The scientist most likely to understand the safety of a nuclear reactor, for example, is a nuclear engineer declares that a reactor is unsafe, we believe him, because clearly it is not to his advantage to lie about it. If he tells us it is safe, on the other hand, we distrust him, because he may well be protecting the employer who pays his salary.1. What is the chief concern of most governments when it comes to scientific research?A) Support from the votes.B) The reduction of public expenditure.C) Quick economics returns.D) The budget for a research project.2. Scientist have to adapt their research to ‘economic needs’ in order to _________ .A) impress the public with their achievementsB) pursue knowledge for knowledge’s sakeC) obtain funding from the governmentD) translate knowledge into wealth3. Why won’t scientists complain about the government’s po licy concerning scientific research?A) They think they work in an environment hostile to the free pursuit of knowledge.B) They are accustomed to keeping their opinions to themselves.C) They know it takes patience to win support from the public.D) They think compliance with government policy is in the interests of the public.4. According to the author, people are suspicious of the professional judgment of scientists because ___________ .A) their pronouncements often turn out to be wrongB) sometimes they hide the source of their research fundingC) some of them do not give priority to intellectual honestyD) they could be influenced by their association with the project concerned5. Why does the author say that public distrust of scientists can have damaging effects?A) It makes things difficult for scientists seeking research funds.B) People would not believe scientists even when they tell the truth.C) It may dampen the enthusiasm of scientists for independent research.D) Scientists themselves may doubt the value of their research findings1小题>、【正确答案】：D2小题>、【正确答案】：B3小题>、【正确答案】：C4小题>、【正确答案】：B5小题>、【正确答案】：C【参考解析】：无第34题：In many ways, today’s business environment has changed qualitatively since the late 1980s. The end of the Cold War radically altered the very nature of the world’s politics and economics. In just a few short years, globalization has started a variety of trends with profound consequences: the opening of markets, true global competition, widespread deregulation (解除政府对……的控制) of industry, and an abundance of accessible capital. We have experienced both the benefits and risks of a truly global economy, with both Wall Street and Main Street (平民百姓) feeling the pains of economic disorder half a world away.At the same time, we have fully entered the Information Age, Starting breakthroughs in information technology have irreversibly altered the ability to conduct business unconstrained by the traditional limitations of time or space. Today, it’s almost impossible to imagine a world without intranets, e-mail, and portable computers. With stunning speed, the Internet is profoundly changing the way we work, shop, do business, and communicate.As a consequence, we have truly entered the Post-Industrial economy. We are rapidly shifting from an economy based on manufacturing and commodities to one that places the greatest value on information, services, support, and distribution. That shift, in turn, place an unprecedented premium on “knowledge workers,” a new class of wealthy, educated, and mobi le people who view themselves as free agents in a seller’s market.Beyond the realm of information technology, the accelerated pace of technological change in virtually every industry has created entirely new business, wiped out others, and produced a Pervasive( 广泛的) demand for continuous innovation. New product, process ,and distribution technologies provide powerful levers for creating competitive value. More companies are learning the importance of destructive technologies-----innovations that hold the potential to make a product line, or even an entire business segment, virtually outdated.Another major trend has been the fragmentation of consumer and business markets. There’s a growing appreciation that superficially similar groups of customers may have very different preferences in terms of what they want to buy and how they want to buy it. Now, new technology makes it easier, faster ,and cheaper to identify and serve targeted micro-markets in ways that were physically impossible or prohibitively expensive in the past. Moreover, the trend feeds on itself, a business’s ability to serve sub-markets fuels customers’ appetites for more and more specialized offerings.1. According to the first paragraph, the chances in the business environment in the past decades can be attributed to __________.A) technological advancesB) worldwide economic disorderC) the fierce competition in industryD) the globalization of economy2. what idea does the author want to convey in the second paragraph ?A) The rapid development of information technology has taken businessmen by surpriseB) Information technology has removed the restrictions of time and space in business transactionsC) The Internet, intranets, e-mail, and portable computers have penetrated every corner of the world.D) The way we do business today has brought about startling breakthroughs in information technology.3. If a business wants to thrive in the Post-Industrial economy__________A) it has to invest more capital in the training of free agents to operate in a seller’s marketB) it should try its best to satisfy the increasing demands of mobile knowledgeable peopleC) it should not overlook the importance of information, services, support, and distributionD) it has to provide each of its employees with the latest information about the changing market4. In the author’s view, destructive technologies are innovations which _________A) can eliminate an entire business segmentB) demand a radical change in providing servicesC) may destroy the potential of a company to make any profitD) call for continuous improvement in ways of doing business5. With the fragmentation of consumer and business markets ______________A) an increasing number of companies have disintegratedB) manufacturers must focus on one special product to remain competitive in the marketC) it is physically impossible and prohibitively expensive to do business in the old wayD) businesses have to meet individual customers’ specific needs in order to succeed .1小题>、【正确答案】：D2小题>、【正确答案】：B3小题>、【正确答案】：C4小题>、【正确答案】：B5小题>、【正确答案】：D【参考解析】：略。

之1999年1月大学英语六级考试真题及参考答案1999年1月大学英语六级考试真题及参考答案一、单选题第1题：The Space Age ______ in October 1957 when the first artificial satellite was launched by the Soviet Union.A) initiated B) originated C) embarked D) commenced【正确答案】：D【参考解析】：无第2题：John said that he didn't quite _______ and asked me to repeat what I had said.A) snatch up B) summon up C) catch on D) watch out【正确答案】：C【参考解析】：无第3题：When he tried to make a ______ , he found that the hotel that he wanted was completely filled because of a convention.A) complaint B) claim C) reservation D) decision【正确答案】：C【参考解析】：无第4题：A budget of five dollars a day is totally _______ for a trip round Europe.A) inadequate B) incapable C) incompatible D) invalid【正确答案】：A【参考解析】：无第5题：In our highly technological society, the number of jobs for unskilled worker is ______. A) shrinking B) obscuring C) altering D) constraining【正确答案】：A【参考解析】：无第6题：The fire has caused great losses, but the factory tried to ______ the consequences by saying that the damage was not as serious as reported.A) decrease B) subtract C) minimize D) degrade【正确答案】：C【参考解析】：无第7题：If the world is to remain peaceful the utmost effort must be made by nations to limitlocal _______ .A) collisions B) combats C) contradictions D) conflicts【正确答案】：D【参考解析】：无第8题：Satellite communications are so up-to-date that even when ______ in the middle of the Pacific, businessmen can contact their offices as if they were next door .A) gliding B) cruising C) piloting D) patrolling【正确答案】：B【参考解析】：无第9题：In the past ten years skyscrapers have developed ______ in Chicago and New York City. A) homogeneously B) simultaneously C) spontaneously D) harmoniously【正确答案】：B【参考解析】：无第10题：The court considers a financial ______ to be an appropriate way of punishing him.A) option B) duty C) obligation D) penalty【正确答案】：D【参考解析】：无第11题：I think that I committed a _______ in asking her because she seemed very ups et by my question.A) blunder B) revenge C) reproach D) scandal【正确答案】：A【参考解析】：无第12题：Even when textbooks are ______ through a school system, methods of teaching may vary greatly.A) commonplace B) standardized C) competitive D) generalized【正确答案】：B【参考解析】：无第13题：They have always regarded a man of ______ and fairness as a reliable friend .A) robustness B) temperament C) integrity D) compactness【正确答案】：C【参考解析】：无第14题：All individuals are required to ______ to the laws made by their governments.A) obey B) conform C) concede D) observe【正确答案】：B【参考解析】：无第15题：The basic causes are unknown, although certain conditions that may lead to cancer have been _______ .A) identified B) guaranteed C) notified D) conveyed【正确答案】：A【参考解析】：无第16题：It is very strange but I had an ______ that the plane would crash.A) inspiration B) intuition C) imagination D) incentive【正确答案】：B【参考解析】：无第17题：The changing image of the family on television provides ______ into changing attitudes toward the family in society.A) insights B) presentations C) revelations D) specifications【正确答案】：A【参考解析】：无第18题：The town planning commission said that their financial outlook for the next year was optimistic. They expect increased tax ______ .A) efficiency B) revenues C) privileges D) validity【正确答案】：B【参考解析】：无第19题：Bill is an example of a severely disabled person who has become _______ at many survival skills.A) proficient B) persistent C) consistent D) sufficient【正确答案】：A【参考解析】：无第20题：The ties that bind us together in common activity are so ______ that they ca n disappear at any moment.A) trivial B) fatal C) tentative D) feeble【正确答案】：C【参考解析】：无第21题：During the construction of skyscrapers, cranes are used to ______ building materials to the upper floors.A) toss B) tow C) hoist D) hurl【正确答案】：C【参考解析】：无第22题：Diamonds have little ______ value and their price depends almost entirely on their scarcity.A) extinct B) permanent C) surplus D) intrinsic【正确答案】：D【参考解析】：无第23题：The kitchen was small and ______ so that the disabled could reach everything without difficulty.A) conventional B) compact C) compatible D) concise【正确答案】：B【参考解析】：无第24题：He will______ resign in view of the complete failure of the research project.A) doubtfully B) adequately C) presumably D) reasonably【正确答案】：C【参考解析】：无第25题：The goal is to make higher education available to everyone who is willing and capable ______ his financial situation.A) with respect to B) in accord with C) regardless of D) in terms of【正确答案】：C【参考解析】：无第26题：The original elections were declared ______ by the former military ruler.A) void B) vulgar C) surplus D) extravagant【正确答案】：A【参考解析】：无第27题：They stood gazing at the happy ______ of children playing in the park.A) perspective B) view C) landscape D) scene【正确答案】：D【参考解析】：无第28题：An obvious change of attitude at the top towards women's status in society will ______through the current law system in Japan.A) permeate B) probe C) violate D) grope【正确答案】：A【参考解析】：无第29题：When he realized he had been _______ to sign the contract by intrigue, he threatened tostart legal proceedings to cancel the agreement.A) elicited B) excited C) deduced D) induced【正确答案】：D【参考解析】：无第30题：These areas rely on agriculture almost ______ , having few mineral resources and a minimumof industrial development.A) respectively B) extraordinarily C) incredibly D) exclusively【正确答案】：D【参考解析】：无二、阅读理解第31题：Many Americans harbour a grossly distorted and exaggerated view of most of the risks surrounding food. Fergus Clydesdale, head of the department of food science and nutrition at the University of Massachusetts-Amherst, says bluntly that if the dangers from bacterially contaminated chicken were as grea t as some people believe. “the streets would be littered with people lying here and there. ”Though the public increasingly demands no-risk food, there is no such thing. Bruce Ames, chairman of the biochemistry department at the University of California , Berkeley, points out that up to 10% of a plant's weight is made up of natural pesticides (杀虫剂). Says he :“Since plants do not have jaws or teeth to protect themselves, they employ chemical warfare. ” And many naturally produced chemicals, though occurring in tiny amounts, prove in laboratory tests to be strongcarcinogens-a substance which can cause cancer. Mushrooms (磨菇) might be banned if they were judged by the same standards that apply to food additives(添加剂). Declares Christina Stark, a nutritionist at Cornell University :“We've got fat worse natural chemicals in the food supply than anything man-made. ”Yet the issues are not that simple. While Americans have no reason to be terrified to sit down at the dinner table, they have every reason to demand significant improvements in food and water safety. They unconsciously and unwillingly take in too much of too many dangerous chemicals. If food already contains natural carcinogens, it does not make much sense to add dozens of new man-made ones. Though most people will withstand the small amounts of contaminants generally found in food and water, at least a few individuals will probably get cancer one day be cause of what they eat and drink.To make good food and water supplies even better, the Government needs to tighten its regulatory standards, stiffen its inspection program and strengthen its enforcement policies. The food industry should modify some long-accepted practices or turn to less hazardous alternatives. Perhaps most important, consumers will have to do a better job of learning how to handle and cook food properly. The problems that need to be tackled exist all along the food-supply chain, from field s to processing plants to kitchens.1.What does the author think of the Americans' view of their food?A) They overstate the government's interference with the food industry.B) They are overoptimistic about the safety of their food.C) They overestimate the hazards of their food.D) They overlook the risks of the food they eat.2.The author considers it impossible to obtain no-risk food because .A) no food is free from pollution in the environment.B) pesticides are widely used in agriculture.C) many vegetables contain dangerous natural chemicals.D) almost all foods have additives.3.By s aying“they employ chemical warfare”(Line 4, Para. 2), Bruce Ames means “_______”.A) plants produce certain chemicals to combat pests and diseases.B) plants absorb useful chemicals to promote their growth.C) farmers use man-made chemicals to dissolve the natural chemicals in plants.D) farmers use chemicals to protect plants against pests and diseases.4.The reduction of the possible hazards in food ultimately depends on .A) the government. B) the consumer.C) the processor. D) the grower.5.What is the message the author wants to convey in the passage?A) Eating and drinking have become more hazardous than before.B) Immediate measures must be taken to improve food production and processing.C) Health food is not a dream in modern society.D) There is reason for caution but no cause for alarm with regard to food consumption.1小题>、【正确答案】：C2小题>、【正确答案】：C3小题>、【正确答案】：A4小题>、【正确答案】：B5小题>、【正确答案】：D【参考解析】：无第32题：There are some each phenomena you can count on, but the magnetic field, someday is not of them. It fluctuates in strength, drifts from its axis, and every few 100,000 years undergo, dramatic polarity reversal-a period when north pole becomes south pole and south pole becomes north pole. But how is the field generated, and why is it so unstable?Groundbreaking research by two French geophysicists promises to shed some light on the mystery. Using 80 metres of deep sea sediment(沉淀物)core, they have obtained measurments lots of magnetic-field intensity that span 11 polarity reversals and four million years. The analysis reveals that intensity appears to fluctuate with a clear, well-defined rhythm. Although the strength of the magnetic field varies irregularly during the short term, there seems to be an inevitable longterm decline preceding each polarity reversal. When the poles flip-a process that takes several hundred thousand years-the magnetic field rapidly regains its strength and the cycle is repeated. The results have caused a stir among geophysicists. The magnetic field is thought to originate from molten (熔化的) iron in the outer core, 3,000 kilometers beneath the earth's surface. By studying mineral grains found in material ranging from rocks to clay articles, previous researchers have already been able to identify reversals dating back 170 million years, including the most recent switch 730, 000 years ago. How and why they occur, however, has been widely debated. Several theories link polarity flips to external disasters such as meteor(陨星)impacts. But Peter Olson, a geophysicist at the Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, says this is unlikely if the French researchers are right. In fact, Olson says intensity that predictably declines from one reversal to the next contradicts 90 percent of the models currently under study. If the results prove to be valid geophysicists will have a new theory to guide them in their quest to understand the earth's inner physics. It certainly points the direction for future research.1.Which of the following titles is most appropriate to the passage?A) Polarity Reversal: A Fantastic Phenomenon of Nature.B) Measurement of the Earth's Magnetic-Field Intensity.C) Formation of the Two Poles of the Earth.D) A New Approach to the Study or Geophysics.2.The word“flip”(Line 6, Para. 2)most probably means“______”.A) decline B) intensify C) fluctuate D) reverse3.What have the two French geophysicists discovered in their research?A) Some regularity in the changes of the earth's magnetic field.B) Some causes of the fluctuation of the earth's magnetic field.C) The origin of the earth's magnetic field.D) The frequency of polarity reversals.4.The French geophysicists' study is different from currently prevailing theories in ______ .A) its identification of the origin of the earth's magnetic field.B) the way the earth's magnetic intensity is measured.C) its explanation of the shift in the earth's polarity.D) the way the earth's fluctuation rhythm is defined.5.In Peter Oslo's opinion the French experiment ______ .A) is likely to direct further research in the inner physics of the earth.B) has successfully solved the mystery of polarity reversals.C) is certain to help predict external disasters.D) has caused great confusion among the world's geophysicists.1小题>、【正确答案】：D2小题>、【正确答案】：D3小题>、【正确答案】：A4小题>、【正确答案】：C5小题>、【正确答案】：A【参考解析】：无第33题：Imagine a world in which there was suddenly no emotion-a world in which human beings could feel no love or happiness, no terror or hate. Try to imagine the consequences of such a transformation. People might not be able to stay alive: knowing neither joy nor pleasure, anxiety nor fear, they would be as likely to repeat acts that hurt them as acts that were beneficial. They could not learn: they could not benefit from experience because this emotionless world would lack rewards and punishments. Society would soon disappear: people would be as likely to harm one another as to provide help and support. Human relationships would not exist: in a world without friends or enemies, there could be no marriage, affection among companions, or bonds among members of groups. Society's economic underpinnings (支柱) would be destroyed: since earning $10 million would be no more pleasant than earning $10, there would be no incentive to work. In fact, there would be no incentives of any kind. For as we will see, incentives imply a capacity to enjoy them.In such a world, the chances that the human species would survive are next to zero, because emotions are the basic instrument of our survival and adaptation. Emotions structure the world for us in important ways. As individuals, we categorize objects on the basis of our emotions. True we consider the length, shape, size, or texture, but an object's physical aspects are less important than what it has done or can do to us-hurt us, surprise us, anger us or make us joyful. We al so use categorizations colored by emotions in our families, communities, and overall society. Out of our emotional experiences with objects and events comes a social feeling of agreement that certain things and actions are“good”and others are“bad”, and we apply these categories to every aspect of our social life-from what foods we eat and what clothes we wear to how we keep promises and which people our group will accept. In fact, society exploits our emotional reactions and attitudes, such as loyalty morality, pride shame, guilt, fear and greed, in order to maintain itself It gives high rewards to individuals who perform important tasks such as surgery, makes heroes out of individuals for unusual or dangerous achievements such as flying fighter planes in a war, and uses the legal penal (刑法的) system to make people afraid to engage in antisocial acts.1.The reason why people might not be able to stay alive in a world without emotion is that_______ .A) they would not be able to tell the texture of objects.B) they would not know what was beneficial and what was harmful to them.C) they would not be happy with a life without love.D) they would do things that hurt each other's feelings.2.According to the passage, people's learning activities are possible because they_______ .A) believe that emotions are fundamental for them to stay alive.B) benefit from providing help and support to one another.C) enjoy being rewarded for doing the right thing.D) know what is vital to the progress of society.3.It can be inferred from the passage that the economic foundation of society is dependenton _______.A) the ability to make money.B) the will to work for pleasure.C) the capacity to enjoy incentives.D) the categorizations of our emotional experiences4.Emotions are significant for man's survival and adaptation because _______.A) they provide the means by which people view the size or shape of objects.B) they are the basis for the social feeling of agreement by which society is maintained.C) they encourage people to perform dangerous achievements.D) they generate more love than hate among people.5.The emotional aspects of an object are more important than its physical aspects in thatthey_______ .A) help society exploit its members for profit.B) encourage us to perform important tasks.C) help to perfect the legal and penal system.D) help us adapt our behavior to the world surrounding us1小题>、【正确答案】：B2小题>、【正确答案】：C3小题>、【正确答案】：C4小题>、【正确答案】：B5小题>、【正确答案】：D【参考解析】：无第34题：The Carnegie Foundation report says that many colleges have tried to be “all things to all people”. In doing so, they have increasingly catered to a narrow minded careerism while failing to cultivate a global vision among their students. The current crisis, it contends, does not derive from a legitimate desire to put learning to productive ends. The problem is that in too many academic fields, the work has no context; skills, rather than being means, have become ends. Students are offered a variety of options and allowed to pick their way to a degree. I n short, driven by careerism, “the nation's colleges and universities are more successful in providing credentials(文凭)than in providing a quality education f or their students. ”The report concludes that the special challenge confronting the undergraduate college is one of shaping an“integrated core”of common learning. Such a core would introduce students“to essential knowledge, to connections across the disci plines, and in the end, to application of knowledge to life beyond the campus. ”Although the key to a good college is a high-quality faculty, the Carnegie study found that most colleges do very little to encourage good teaching. In fact, they do much to undermine it. As one professor observed:“Teaching is important, we are told, and yet faculty know that research and publication matter most. ” Not surprisingly, over the last twenty years colleges and universities have failed to graduate half of their four-year degree candidates. Faculty members who dedicated themselves to teaching soon discover that they will not be granted tenure (终身任期), promotion, or substantial salary increases. Yet 70 percent of all faculty say their interests lie more in teaching than in research. Additionally, a frequent complaint among young scholars is that“There is pressure to publish, although there is virtually no interest among administrators or colleagues in the content of the publications. ”1.When a college tries to be “all things to al people” (Lines 1-2, Para. 1) it aims to_______ .A) satisfy the needs of all kinds of students simultaneously.B) focus on training students in various skills.C) encourage students to take as many courses as possible.D) make learning serve academic rather than productive ends.2.By saying that “in too many academic fields, the work has no context” (Lin es4-5, Pare. 1)the author means that the teaching in these areas ______ .A) ignores the actual situation.B) is not based on the right perspective.C) only focuses on an integrated core of common learning.D) gives priority to the cultivation of a global vision among students.3.One of the reasons for the current crisis in American colleges and universities is that_______ .A) a narrow vocationalism has come to dominate many colleges.B) students don't have enough freedom in choosing what they want to learn.C) skills are being taught as a means to an end.D) students are only interested in obtaining credentials.4.American colleges and universities failed to graduate half of their four-year degree candidates because _______ .A) most of them lack high-quality faculties.B) the interests of most faculty members lie in research.C) there are not enough incentives for students to study hard.D) they attach greater importance to research and publication than to teaching .5.It can be inferred from the passage that high-quality college education calls for _______ .A) putting academic work in the proper context.B) a commitment to students and effective teaching.C) the practice of putting leaning to productive ends.D) dedication to research in frontier areas of knowledge.1小题>、【正确答案】：C2小题>、【正确答案】：B3小题>、【正确答案】：A4小题>、【正确答案】：D5小题>、【正确答案】：B【参考解析】：无三、编辑加工题第35题：Many parents who welcome the idea of turning off the TV and spending more time with the family are still worried that without TV they would constantly be on call as entertainers for their children. They remember thinking up all sort of things to do when they were kids. But their own kids seem different, less resourceful, somehow. When there's nothing to do, these parents observe regretfully, their kids seem unable to come up with any thing to do besides turning on the TV. One father, for example, says. “Whe n I was a kid, we were always thinking up things to do, projects and games. We certainly never complained in an annoying way to our parents, ‘I have nothing to do!’”He compares this with his own children today: “They're simply lazy. If someone doesn't ente rtain them, they'll happily sit there watching TV all day. ”There is one word for this father's disappointment: unfair. It is as if he were disappointed in them for not reading Greek though they have never studied the language. He deplores(哀叹)his children's lack of inventiveness, as if the ability to play were something innate(天生的)that his children are mising . In fact, while the tendency to play is built into the human species, the actual ability to play-to imagine, to invent, to elaborate on reality in a playful way-and the ability to gain fulfillment from it, these are skills that have to learned and developed.Such disappointment, however, is not only unjust, it is also destructive. Sensing their parents' disappointment, children come to believe that they are, indeed, lacking something, and that this makes them less worthy of admiration and respect. Giving children the opportunity to develop new resources, to enlarge their horizons and discover the pleasures of doing things on their own is, on the other hand, a way to help children develop a confident feeling about themselves as capable and interesting people.Questions: (注意:答题尽量简短，超过10个词要扣分，每条横线限定一个英语单词，标点符号不占格。

日语四六级解析真题及答案一、题型分析日语四六级考试是检验学生对于日语听力、阅读和写作能力的一个重要考试。

随着日本与中国的交流日益增加，越来越多的人开始学习日语，希望能够在工作和学习中有更多的机会。

因此，四六级考试的重要性也逐渐凸显出来。

在四六级考试中，主要包含了听力、阅读和写作三个部分。

听力部分主要测试考生对于日语语音、词汇和语法的理解能力。

阅读部分则主要考察考生对于文章内容、主旨和细节的理解能力。

写作部分则要求考生能够用正确的语法和词汇表达自己的意思。

二、真题解析下面，我们来分析一道典型的四六级真题，并给出详细的解析。

【听力】1. 请问现在是几点钟？（A）两点十分。

（B）两点五分。

（C）两点三十分。

这是一道典型的日常对话题型的听力题。

考生需要根据对话内容来判断现在的时间。

正确答案是（B）两点五分。

听力部分主要需要考生对于数字和时间的敏感度和理解能力。

【阅读】2. 下面哪个选项是正确的？今天是周末，我正在家里上网冲浪，突然接到了一个电话。

电话那头是我的朋友小明，他邀请我一起去看电影。

我当然愿意，于是我们决定在电影院门口碰面。

可是问题来了，我离电影院还有一段距离，我应该选择什么方式前往呢？（A）步行去电影院，这样既省钱又锻炼身体。

（B）骑自行车去电影院，这样既快又方便。

（C）坐公交车去电影院，这样既舒适又省事。

这是一道常见的选择题型的阅读题。

考生需要根据文章内容来判断应该选择哪种方式前往电影院。

正确答案是（B）骑自行车去电影院，因为既快又方便。

阅读部分主要考察考生对于文章的理解能力以及对于细节的把握能力。

【写作】3. 请列举你最喜欢的日本动漫，并简要介绍一下其内容。

这是一道开放题型的写作题。

考生需要根据自己的喜好来选择最喜欢的日本动漫，并简要介绍一下其内容。

写作部分主要测试考生的语法和词汇运用能力，同时也考察考生对于所选日本动漫的了解程度。

三、答案解析【听力】1. （B）两点五分。

这道题需要考生根据对话中的时间表达方式和数字来判断正确答案。

2023年6月大学生英语四级真题试卷及详细答案(三套)前言2023年6月的大学生英语四级考试即将到来，为了帮助广大考生更好地备战，本文提供了三套2023年6月大学生英语四级真题试卷及详细答案。

希望本文可以对考生们的备考提供一定的帮助。

试卷一第一部分：听力理解(共25小题)听力理解部分包含了五个听力材料，每个材料后面有五个问题。

请考生根据所听到的内容选择正确的答案。

第二部分：阅读理解(共20小题)阅读理解部分包含了四篇文章，每篇文章后面有五个问题。

请考生根据文章内容选择正确的答案。

第三部分：完型填空(共15小题)完型填空部分包含了一篇短文，短文中有15个空格。

请考生根据上下文选择合适的词语填入空格处。

辨析词义部分包含了10个句子，每个句子中都有一个加下划线的单词，考生需要根据句子的上下文选择最合适的词义。

第五部分：写作(共两个任务)写作部分包含了两个任务，第一个任务是写一篇关于城市交通问题的短文，第二个任务是根据一幅图画写一篇短文。

试卷二第一部分：听力理解(共25小题)…试卷三第一部分：听力理解(共25小题)…第二部分：阅读理解(共20小题)……第四部分：辨析词义(共10小题)…第五部分：写作(共两个任务)…答案及解析试卷一答案及解析听力理解1.B2.C3.A4.B5. C …阅读理解1.A2.D3.B4.C5. A …完型填空1.C2.A3.B4.D5. C …辨析词义1.B2.A3.C4.D5. B …写作任务一：城市交通问题的短文 (此处省略正文)任务二：根据一幅图画写一篇短文 (此处省略正文)试卷二答案及解析…试卷三答案及解析…注意：本文只是提供了试卷的框架和部分内容，实际的试卷内容和答案需要参考真实的2023年6月大学生英语四级考试。

希望本文可以帮助考生们更好地备考，祝大家顺利通过考试！。

2024年英语四六级试卷一、写作（15%）题目： The Importance of Lifelong Learning。

要求：1. 阐述终身学习的重要性。

2. 给出一些实现终身学习的方法。

3. 字数不少于120字，不多于180字。

二、听力理解（35%）Section A：短篇新闻（7%）Questions 1 - 2 are based on the following news item.Underlining the significance of renewable energy sources, a recent report shows that solar power installations in the country have reached a new high this year. The growth can be attributed to government incentives and falling costs of solar panels.1. What has reached a new high this year?A. Government incentives.B. The cost of solar panels.C. Solar power installations.D. Renewable energy sources in general.2. What are the reasons for the growth?A. Only government incentives.B. Only falling costs of solar panels.C. Both government incentives and falling costs of solar panels.D. Neither government incentives nor falling costs of solar panels.Questions 3 - 4 are based on the following news item.A new study in the field of education has found that students who participate in extracurricular activities tend to have better academic performance. The study, which surveyed over 1000 students from different schools, underlined the positive impact of activities such as sports, music, and drama on students' overall development.3. What did the new study find?A. Students who participate in extracurricular activities have worse academic performance.B. Students who participate in extracurricular activities have better academic performance.C. Extracurricular activities have no impact on students' academic performance.D. Only sports can improve students' academic performance.4. How many students were surveyed in the study?A. Less than 500.B. 500 - 1000.C. Over 1000.D. Exactly 1000.Section B：长对话（8%）Conversation One.W: Hi, Mark. I heard you just came back from a business trip. How was it?M: It was quite tiring but also very fruitful. I got to meet a lot of potential clients.W: That's great. Which cities did you visit?M: I visited New York, Chicago and Los Angeles. In New York, I attended a big trade fair where I made some good connections.5. How does Mark feel about his business trip?A. Just tiring.B. Just fruitful.C. Tiring but fruitful.D. Neither tiring nor fruitful.6. Which cities did Mark visit?A. New York and Chicago.B. New York, Chicago and Los Angeles.C. Only New York.D. New York and Los Angeles.Conversation Two.M: Hi, Jane. I'm thinking of buying a new laptop. Do you have any suggestions?W: Well, it depends on what you need it for. If you're mainly using it for work, like typing documents and making presentations, then you might want a lightweight and long - battery - life laptop.M: Yeah, that's important. But I also like to play some games in my free time.W: In that case, you'll need a laptop with a good graphics card and a relatively high - performance processor.7. What is the man thinking of buying?A. A new desktop computer.B. A new laptop.C. A new tablet.D. A new smartphone.8. If the man mainly uses it for work, what kind of laptop does Jane suggest?A. A heavy - weight laptop with short battery life.B. A lightweight and long - battery - life laptop.C. A laptop with a poor graphics card.D. A laptop with a low - performance processor.Section C：听力篇章（20%）Passage One.The history of the English language is a long and complex one. It has evolved over time, influenced by many different languages. The earliest form of English can be traced back to the Anglo - Saxon period. During this time, the language was very different from what it is today. It was mainly spoken by the Germanic tribes who invaded Britain. As time went on, English was further influenced by Latin, especially when Christianity was introduced to Britain. French also had a great impact on English,especially after the Norman Conquest in 1066. Many French words were incorporated into the English language, especially in the areas of law, government, and fashion.9. What was the earliest form of English related to?A. The Norman Conquest.B. The Germanic tribes who invaded Britain.C. Latin.D. French.10. Which language had a great impact on English after the Norman Conquest?A. Latin.B. German.C. French.D. Spanish.11. In which areas were many French words incorporated into English?A. Only in law.B. Only in government.C. Only in fashion.D. In law, government and fashion.Passage Two.The Internet has changed the way we communicate and access information. It has made it possible for people all over the world to connect with each other instantly. Social media platforms, such as Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram, have become extremely popular. They allow people to share their thoughts, photos, and videos with a large number of people. However, the Internet also has some negative aspects. For example, there is a lot offalse information spreading on the Internet, which can mislead people. Also, privacy has become a major concern as more and more personal information is being shared online.12. What has the Internet changed?A. Only the way we communicate.B. Only the way we access information.C. The way we communicate and access information.D. Nothing.13. Which of the following are popular social media platforms?A. Facebook, Twitter and LinkedIn.B. Facebook, Twitter and Instagram.C. Twitter, Instagram and Snapchat.D. Facebook, Instagram and Snapchat.14. What are the negative aspects of the Internet?A. Only the spread of false information.B. Only privacy concerns.C. The spread of false information and privacy concerns.D. There are no negative aspects.三、阅读理解（35%）Section A：词汇理解（5%）Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. Youare required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the word bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2. You may not use any of the words in the word bank more than once.The concept of "green living" has been _15_ (gaining) more and more attention in recent years. People are becoming more aware of the impacttheir lifestyles have on the environment. One of the ways to live a greenlife is to reduce waste. This can be done by _16_ (reusing) items as muchas possible. For example, instead of throwing away plastic bottles, we can refill them with water. Another important aspect is to use _17_ (renewable) energy sources. Solar panels and wind turbines are becoming more common as people look for ways to generate their own power. Recycling is also _18_ (crucial). By separating our waste into different categories, such as paper, plastic, and metal, we can ensure that these materials are _19_ (reprocessed) and used again.Word Bank:A. reusing.B. renewable.C. reprocessed.D. crucial.E. gaining.Section B：长篇阅读（10%）Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter.The Benefits of Reading.A. Reading is one of the most beneficial activities one can engage in.It has a profound impact on our mental development. From a young age, reading helps children to develop their language skills. When children read books, they are exposed to a wide range of vocabulary and sentence structures. This helps them to learn new words and how to use themcorrectly in sentences.B. Reading also stimulates our imagination. A good book can transportus to different worlds and times. We can visualize the settings, characters, and events described in the book. This ability to imagine is not only enjoyable but also important for our creativity. For example, many greatinventors and artists have been avid readers, and they often credit reading as a source of inspiration for their creative works.C. Another benefit of reading is that it can reduce stress. In today's fast - paced world, stress has become a common problem. When we read, we can escape from the daily pressures and immerse ourselves in a different story. This helps to relax our minds and bodies. Studies have shown that reading for just a few minutes a day can have a significant impact on reducing stress levels.D. Reading is also a great way to gain knowledge. There are books on almost every subject imaginable, from history and science to art and literature. By reading books on different topics, we can expand our knowledge base and learn new things. This knowledge can be useful in our daily lives, whether it's for making decisions, solving problems, or simply having interesting conversations with others.E. Moreover, reading can improve our concentration. In order to understand the content of a book, we need to focus our attention on the words and sentences. This requires concentration, and the more we read, the better we become at concentrating. This improved concentration can also be transferred to other areas of our lives, such as work or study.20. Reading helps children develop language skills.21. Reading can inspire creativity.22. Reading can relieve stress.23. Reading is a good way to obtain knowledge.24. Reading can enhance concentration.Section C：仔细阅读（20%）Passage One.The development of artificial intelligence (AI) has been one of the most significant technological advancements in recent years. AI has the potential to revolutionize many industries, from healthcare to transportation. In healthcare, AI can be used to analyze medical data and assist doctors in making more accurate diagnoses. For example, AI - powered systems can detect patterns in patient data that may be difficult for human doctors to notice. In transportation, self - driving cars, which are based on AI technology, are expected to change the way we travel. They have the potential to reduce traffic accidents and improve traffic flow.However, the development of AI also raises some concerns. One of the main concerns is the impact on employment. As AI systems become more capable of performing tasks that were previously done by humans, there is a fear that many jobs will be lost. Another concern is the ethical issues surrounding AI. For example, who is responsible if an AI - powered system makes a wrong decision? How can we ensure that AI is used in an ethical manner?25. What is one of the potential applications of AI in healthcare?A. To replace doctors completely.B. To make hospitals more beautiful.C. To assist doctors in making more accurate diagnoses.D. To increase the cost of medical treatment.26. What are the expected benefits of self - driving cars?A. To increase traffic accidents.B. To make traffic flow worse.C. To reduce traffic accidents and improve traffic flow.D. To make people more lazy.27. What are the main concerns about the development of AI?A. Only the impact on employment.B. Only the ethical issues.C. The impact on employment and ethical issues.D. There are no concerns.Passage Two.Online shopping has become increasingly popular in recent years. It offers many advantages over traditional shopping. One of the main advantages is convenience. With online shopping, consumers can shop from the comfort of their own homes at any time of the day or night. They don't have to worry about store opening hours or traveling to the store. Another advantage is the wide range of products available. Online stores often have a much larger inventory than physical stores, so consumers can find a greater variety of products.However, online shopping also has some disadvantages. One problem is the issue of product quality. Since consumers cannot physically examine the products before purchasing, they may receive items that are of lowerquality than expected. Another issue is security. When making online purchases, consumers need to provide their personal and financial information, and there is a risk of this information being stolen.28. What is one of the main advantages of online shopping?A. It is more expensive.B. It is less convenient.C. Convenience.D. There are fewer products available.29. What is a disadvantage of online shopping regarding product?A. The products are always of high quality.B. Consumers can't physically examine the products before purchasing.C. There are too many products to choose from.D. The products are always very cheap.30. What is a security - related risk in online shopping?A. There is no risk.B. The risk of personal and financial information being stolen.C. The risk of getting too many discounts.D. The risk of the store closing down.四、翻译（15%）题目：中国的互联网社区是全世界发展最快的。

2021年6月英语四级真题及参考答案完整版四六级试卷采用多题多卷形式，大家核对答案时，请找具体选项内容，忽略套数。

注：对题目和选项内容，不要纠结套数、ABCD顺序的问题无忧考网搜集整理了各个版本(有文字也有图片，图片可以自由拉伸)，仅供大家参考。

网络综合版：听力NEWS 1And finally in tonight's news, a nine-year-old boy named Joe told not to draw in class wins a job decorating a restaurant with his drawings rather than shutting down the habit of drawing in his school's workbook.(1) Joe's parents decided to encourage his creativity by sending their son to an after-school art class. His teacher recognized Joe's talent and posted all his work online, which led to something pretty wonderful. (2) A restaurant named Number 4 in Newcastle contacted Joe's teachers to ask if the nine-year-old could come and decorated the dining room with his drawings. Every day after school, Joe's dad drives him to theOY restaurant, so he can put his ideas straight on the wall.Once he's all done, the work will remain there permanently. Joe's dad says, Joe is a really talented little boy. He's excellent at school. He's great at football, but drawing is definitely what he is most passionate about.Q1. What did Joe's parents decide to do?Q2. what did the restaurant, Number 4, do?NEWS 2Christine Marshall, a-34-year-old mum of one posted a tearful video on social media, Wednesday, begging for the safe return of her beloved pet dog. Aftercombing through the security video outside a global’s shop, (3) Christine has now posted an image of a man suspected of stealing the dog. The image appears to show a man carrying the dog in his arms.Christine also believes the video obtained from the shop shows the dog being stolen by a man before driving off in a car, which had been waiting nearby.(4) The family is now offering a 5,000 pound reward for the safe return of the dog after launching a social media campaign to find the thief, the dog is six and a half years old and was last seen wearing a red collar. Christine said “We will pay that to anyone wh o brings him home, as long as they are not responsible for his disappearance, please on investigating the incident”.Q3 What is Christine Marshall trying to do?Q4 What does the news report say about Christine Marshall's family?NEWS 3London's eggs and bread cafe offers a boiled eggs, toast, jam, and bacon, as well as tea, coffee, and orange juice. But at the end of the meal, customers don't have to worry about the bill. Hungry customers can pay whatever amount they can afford to eat at the cafe or nothing at all. (5) Owner Guy Wilson says his cafe aims to build community rather than profits. He wants to provide a bridge for people to connectWANGYI in an area that has been divided by class and wealth, by providing affordable breakfast. (6) The cafe is open in the mornings every day of the year. And has two members of staff or supervisors on shift every day. The cafe doesn't use volunteers, but pays its staff to ensure consistency in its service. It doesn't take donations and doesn't want to be seen as a charity. Mr. Wilson says when people start to know other people around them, (7) they realize they're not that different and whatever their financial background or their educational background, most people will havesomething in common with each other. He says it's important that his cafe can offer his customers security and permanenceQ5 What does Guy Wilson say his cafe aims to do?Q6 What does the news report say about eggs and bread cafe?Q7 What happens when people start to know each other according to Guy Wilson?CONVERSATION 1M: So what time do you think we should have the party on Saturday?W: How about inviting people to come at 6:00 PM then we'll have the afternoon to prepare food and drink and stuff like that?M: Yes. I was thinking that around six would be good too. What food should we provide?W: Well, I had thought about baking a cake and some biscuits, and now I think we should prepare some sandwiches and snacks and some other kinds of food so that people can just help themselves rather than getting everyone to sit down at the table to eat a meal. I think that's a bit too formal. It's better to let people walk around and talk to each other or sit where they like.M: Yes, that sounds good. I'll go to the supermarket to get some drinks. I think I might try that big new supermarket on the other side of town, see what they have. I've not been there before. I think we should get some beer and wine and some fruit juice and other soft drinks. What do you think?W: Sounds great. I think those drinks will be enough. And I heard that the new supermarket offers some big discounts to attract customers, so going there should be a great idea. What should we do about music?M：Maybe we should also ask Pual to bring his computer and speakers so that we can play some music. He has a great collection of different stuff. Yes. All right.Q8. What are the speakers mainly talking about?Q9. Why does the woman say it is a good idea to serve foods that guests can help themselves too?Q10. What does the woman say about the new supermarket?CONVERSATION 2W: I’m thinking of buying a car. I wouldn't need to use it every day, but I think it would be very convenient to have one for the weekends.M: That's exciting. Would this be your first car?W: Nope.M: I actually owned a car for a little while when I lived in Miami. You see, in America, many cities don't have good public transport.So most people need their ownOY car to get around.W: I see.M: So have you got your mindset on a specific model?W: No, not really.(13) I've heard that German cars are very reliable, but I haven't decided on a specific model yet.I'd also like it to be small so that it's easy to drive in the city.M: I have a friend who sells secondhand cars. In fact, I think his family owns the business.He's a really nice guy and he knows a lot about cars. I could give you his phone number if you want, and you could call him and ask him questions.W: Hmm. That's nice of you, but I don't want to feel obliged to buy one of his car.M: Oh no. He's not like that. He's a good friend of mine and he would never try to pressure you.W: Well, if you trust him, then I guess it should be okay. To be honest, I could use some help in deciding what type of vehicle would best suit my needs. Speaking to an expert would be a good idea.M: Exactly. You have nothing to worry about. He's a lovely guy and he'll be happy to help.Q13. What does the woman say about German cars?Q14. What does the man recommend the woman do?Q15. What do we learn about the Loinbo's friend from the conversation?PASSAGE 1Passage one.Pigs are not native to north America. They were first introduced to California by Spanish and Russian explorers and settlers many centuries ago. In the early times, pigs were allowed to wander freely and search a food. This practice also allowed many pigs to escape from farms and live in the wild, which became a problem.In fact, as one of the most damaging invasive species on the continent, wild pigs caused millions of dollars in crop damage yearly. TheyOY also harbored dozens of diseases that threaten both humans and farm animals. Forest patcheswith wild pigs have been found to have considerably reduced plant and animal diversity.In addition to either eating other animals or their food supply, wild pigs damaged native habitats by reaching up crosses and rubbing on trees. Their activities may also create opportunities for invasive plants to colonize these areas. Wild pigs will eat almost anything containing calories. Mice, deer, birds, snakes and frogs are among their victims.They can also harm other wild species through indirect competition rather than eating them or shrinking their food supply. On one particular United States island, wild pigs themselves became an attractive food source for a species of mainland eagle. Eagles began breeding on the island and also feeding on a species of native fox. The foxes were almost wiped out completely.Q16. What do we learn about early pigs in north America?Q17. Why are wild pigs a threat to humans?Q18. What does the passage say about the native foxes on a U.S. island? PASSAGE 2(19) A pair of entrepreneurs are planning to build and launch a spacecraft that would carry and roast coffee beans in outer space. The craft will use the heat of re-entry to roast coffee beans, as they float inside it in a pressurized tank. The effect would be to roast the beans all over and produce perfect coffee. (20) The businessmen say that on earth, beans can easily break apart and get burned in the roaster. But if gravity is removed, the beans float around and heated oven, received 360 degrees of evenly distributed heat and roast to near perfection. The spacecraft will reach a height of around200 kilometers. The beans would WANGYI then be roasted and the heat generated by the crafts 20 minute re-entry into earth's atmosphere. Temperatures and the pressurized tank will be kept to around 200 degrees Celsius. Once back on earth, the planet's first space roasted beans would be used to make coffee that would be sold for the first time in Dubai. This is where the Pairs company is based. It is not clear how much they would charge for a cup. Surprisingly, the space roaster concept should it go ahead will not be the first attempt to take coffee into space. (21) In 2015, two Italian companies collaborated on the construction of a similar type of spacecraft, which was the first coffee machine designed for use in space.Q19. What are a pair of entrepreneurs planning to do?Q20 . What does the passage say about coffee beans roasted on earth?Q21. What did the two Italian companies do in 2015?PASSAGE 3Passage threeIn cold and snowy Alaska, there’s a village called Takotna. It has a populatio n of a mere 49 adults. Each March, this tiny village swells up in numbers because it is located in the middle of a race that takes place every year. It is a seven-day race called “The Iditarod Trail”. And participants stop at Takotna for the obligatory 24 hour rest.Lucky for them, Takotna is famous OY for its delicious fruit pies. Weeks before the competitors arrive, the residents of Takotna start preparing what is without question their biggest event of the year. The whole village chips in to help, including the kids, who end up developing their baking skills at an early age. Exhausted and hungry racers are greeted with delightful pies of all kinds, such as apple, orange, lemon, or banana.They consume the pies and a stomach warming race fuel. The toughness of the race allows for racers to eat pretty much whatever they want. The more calories, the better. Takotna has gained a reputation for its dessert-based hospitality since the 1970s. It started with one person, Jane Newton. Jane moved from Iditarod with her husband in 1972 and opened a restaurant. A rich and filling fruit pies quickly got the races attention, and the village gained some fame as a result. Proud residents then started to refer to Jane as queen of Takotna.Questions 22 to 25, or based on the passage, you have just heardQ22. Why do a lot of people come to the village of Takotna every March?Q23. What is the village of Takotna famous for?Q24. Who comes to help with the event of the year?Q25. What does the passage say about Jane Newton?第一套答案：SectionA1.C) Send him to an after-school art class.2.D) Contacted Joe to decorate its dining-room.3.A) Get her pet dog back.4.B) It is offering a big reward to anyone who helps.5.D) Help people connect with each other.6.B) It does not use volunteers7.A)They will find they have something in commonSectionB8.D) Preparations for Saturday's get-together.9.A) It enables guests to walk around and chat freely.10.B) It offers some big discounts.11.D)Bring his computerand speakers12.C) For convenience at weekends.13.B) They are reliable.14.C) Seek advice from his friend15.A)He can be trusted.SectionC16.D) Many escaped from farms and became wild.17.A)They carry a great many diseases.18.B) They fell victim to eagles.19.C) Roast coffee beans in outer space.20.A) They can easily get burned.21.B) They collaborated on building the first space coffee machine.22.C)A race passes through it annually.23.D)It’s tasty fruit pies.24.A) The entire village.25.C) She helped the village to become famous.第二套答案SectionA1. A) See the Pope.2.D) He ended up in the wrong place.3. C) Glasgow has pledged to take the lead in reducing carbon emissions in the UK.4.A)Glasgow needs to invest in new technologies to reach its goal.5.B)It permits employees to bring cats into their offices.6. B) Rescue homeless cats.7. C) It has let some other companies to follow suit.SectionB8. A) Find out where is Jimmy.9.B)He was working on a project with Jimmy.10. C) He was involved a traffic accident.11.D)He wanted to conceal something from his parents.12. B) Shopping online.13. D) Getting one's car parked.14. C) The quality of food products.15.A)It saves moneySectionC16. D)They have strong negative emotions towards math.17.B) It affects low performing children only.18.A) Most of them have average to strong math ability.19. C) Addiction to computer games is a disease.20. A)They prioritize their favored activity over what they should do.21.D)There is not enough evidence to classify it as a disease.22.C) They are a shade of red bordering on brown.23.D) They must follow some common standards.24. B) They look more official.25. D) For security.快速阅读 1What happens when a language has no words for numbers?36.[E]It is worth stressing that these anumeric people are cognitively（在认知方面） normal，well-adapted to the surroundings they have dominated for centuries.37.[H] Compared with other mammals, our numerical instincts are not as remarkable as many assume.38.[E] It is worth stressing that these anumeric people are cognitively（在认知方面） normal，well-adapted to the surroundings they have dominated for centuries.39.[B]But, in a historical sense,number-conscious people like us are the unusual ones.40.[K]Research on the language of numbers shows, more and more, that one of our species' key characteristics is tremendous linguistic（语言的）and cognitive diversity. 41.[D]This and many other experiments have led to a simple conclusion:When people do not have number words,they struggle to make quantitative distinctions that probably seem natural to someone like you or me.42.[G] None of us, then, is really a"numbers person."We are not born to handle quantitative distinctions skillfully.43.[A]Numbers do not exist in all cultures44. [I] So,how did we ever invent "unnatural"numbers in the first place? The answer is,literally,at your fingertips.45. 45.[F]This conclusion is echoed by work with anumeric children in industrialized societies.快读阅读 2The start of high school doesn't have to be stressful36.[E] ln addition, studies find the first year of high school typically shows one of the greatest increases in depression of any year over the lifespan.37.[G] ln one recent study, we examined 360 adolescents' beliefs about the nature of "smartness"- that is, their fixed mindsets about intelligence. 38.[J]These findings lead to several possibilities that we are investigating further.39.[C]In the new global economy,students who fail to finish the ninth grade with passing grades in college preparatory coursework are very unlikely to graduate on time and go on to get jobs.40.[H]We also investigated the social side of the high school transition.41.[E]n addition, studies find the first year of high school typically shows one of the greatest increases in depression of any year over the lifespan.42.[D]The consequences of doing poorly in the ninth grade can impact more than students' ability to find a good job.43.[A]This month, more than 4 million students across the nation will begin high school.44.[I]Experiment results showed that students who were not taught that people can change showed poor stress responses.45.[F]Given all that's riding on having a successful ninth grade experience, it pays to explore what can be done to meet the academic, social and emotional challenges of the transition to high school.快读阅读 3Science of setbacks:How failure can improve career prospects36.[G]One straightforward reason close losers might outper- form narrow winners is that the two groups have comparable ability.37.[D]Others in the US have found similar effects with National Institutes of Health early-career fellowships launching narrow winners far ahead of close losers.38.[K]ln sports and many areas of life,we think of failures as evidence of something we could have done better.39.[B]one way social scientists have probed the effects of career setbacks is to look at scientists of very similar qualifications.40.[I]He said the people who should be paying regard to the Wang paper are the funding agents who distribute government grant money.41.[F]In a study published in Nature Communications,North- western University sociologist Dashun Wang tracked more than 1,100 scientists who were on the border between getting a grant and missing out between 1990 and 2005.42.[J] For his part,Wang said that in his own experience,losing did light a motivating fire.43.[C]A 2018 study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, for example, followed researchers in the Netherlands.44.[I]He said the people who should be paying regard to the Wang paper are the funding agents who distribute government grant money.45.[E]This is bad news for the losers.仔细阅读 1- 题源What happens when a language has no words for numbers?Numbers do not exist in all cultures. There are numberless hunter-gatherers embedded deep in Amazonia, living along branches of the world’s largest river tree. Instead of using words for precise quantities, these people rely exclusively on terms analogous to “a few” or “some.”In contrast, our own lives are governed by numbers. As you read this, you are likely aware of what time it is, how old you are, your checking account balance, your weight and so on. The exact (and exacting) numbers we think with impact everything from our schedules to our self-esteem.But, in a historical sense, numerically fixated people like us are the unusual ones. For the bulk of our species’ approximately 200,000-year lifespan, we had no means of precisely representing quant ities. What’s more, the 7,000 or so languages that exist today vary dramatically in how they utilize numbers.Speakers of anumeric, or numberless, languages offer a window into how the invention of numbers reshaped the human experience. In a 2017 book, I explored the ways in which humans invented numbers, and how numbers subsequently played a critical role in other milestones, from the advent of agriculture to the genesis of writing.Cultures without numbers, or with only one or two precise numbers, include the Munduruku and Pirahã in Amazonia. Researchers have also studied some adults in Nicaragua who were never taught number words.Without numbers, healthy human adults struggle to precisely differentiate and recall quantities as low as four. In an experiment, a researcher will place nuts into a can one at a time, then remove them one by one. The person watchingis asked to signal when all the nuts have been removed. Responses suggest that anumeric people have some trouble keeping track of how many nuts remain in the can, even if there are only four or five in total.This and many other experiments have converged upon a simple conclusion: When people do not have number words, they struggle to make quantitative distinctions that probably seem natural to someone like you or me. While only a small portion of the world’s languages are anumeric or nearly anumeric, they demonstrate that number words are not a human universal.It is worth stressing that these anumeric people are cognitively normal, well-adapted to the environs they have dominated for centuries. As the child of missionaries, I spent some of my youth living with anumeric indigenous people, the aforementioned Pirahã who li ve along the sinuous banks of the black Maici River. Like other outsiders, I was continually impressed by their superior understanding of the riverine ecology we shared.Yet numberless people struggle with tasks that require precise discrimination between quantities. Perhaps this should be unsurprising. After all, without counting, how can someone tell whether there are, say, seven or eight coconuts in a tree? Such seemingly straightforward distinctions become blurry through numberless eyes.This conclusion is echoed by work with anumeric children in industrialized societies.Prior to being spoon-fed number words, children can only approximately discriminate quantities beyond three. We must be handed the cognitive tools of numbers before we can consistently and easily recognize higher quantities.In fact, acquiring the exact meaning of number words is a painstaking process that takes children years. Initially, kids learn numbers much like they learn letters. They recognize that numbers are organized sequentially, but have little awareness of what each individual number means. With time, they start to understand that a given number represents a quantity greater by one than the preceding number. This “successor principle” is part of the foundation of our numerical cognition, but requires extensive practice to understand.None of us, then, is really a “numbers person.” We are not predisposedto handle quantitative distinctions adroitly. In the absence of the cultural traditions that infuse our lives with numbers from infancy, we would all struggle with even basic quantitative distinctions.Number words and written numerals transform our quantitative reasoning as they are coaxed into our cognitive experience by our parents, peers and school teachers. The process seems so normal that we sometimes think of it as a natural part of growing up, but it is not. Human brains come equipped with certain quantitative instincts that are refined with age, but these instincts are very limited. For instance, even at birth we are capable of distinguishing between two markedly different quantities – for instance, eight from 16 things. But we are not the only species capable of such abstractions. Compared to chimps and other primates, our numerical instincts are not as remarkable as many presume. We even share some basic instinctual quantitative reasoning with distant nonmammalian relatives like birds. Indeed, work with some other species, including parrots, suggests they too can refine their quantitative thought if they are introduced to the cognitive power tools we call numbers.The birth of numbersSo, how did we ever invent “unnatural” numbers in the fi rst place?The answer is, literally, at your fingertips. The bulk of the world’s languages use base-10, base-20 or base-5 number systems. That is, these smaller numbers are the basis of larger numbers. English is a base-10 or decimal language, a s evidenced by words like 14 ( “ four ” + “ 10 ” ) and 31 (“three” x “10” + “one”).We speak a decimal language because an ancestral tongue, proto-Indo-European, was decimally based. Proto-Indo-European was decimally oriented because, as in so many cultures, our linguistic ancestors’ hands served as the gateway to realizations like “five fingers on this hand is the same as five fingers on that hand.” Such transient thoughts were manifested into words and passed down across generations. This is why the word “five” in many languages is derived from the word for “hand.”Most number systems, then, are the by-product of two key factors: the human capacity for language and our propensity for focusing on our hands and fingers. This manual fixation – an indirect by-product of walking upright on two legs – has helped yield numbers in most cultures, but not all.Cultures without numbers also offer insight into the cognitive influence of particular numeric traditions. Consider what time it is. Your day is ruled by minutes and seconds, but these entities are not real in any physical sense and are nonexistent to numberless people. Minutes and seconds are the verbal and written vestiges of an uncommon base-60 number system used in Mesopotamia millennia ago. They reside in our minds, numerical artifacts that not all humans inherit conceptually.Research on the language of numbers shows, more and more, that one of our species ’ key chara cteristics is tremendous linguistic and cognitive diversity. While there are undoubtedly cognitive commonalities across allhuman populations, our radically varied cultures foster profoundly different cognitive experiences. If we are to truly understand how much our cognitive lives differ cross-culturally, we must continually sound the depths of our species’ linguistic diversity.答案Educators and business leaders have more in common than it may seem46.C)They help students acquire the skills needed for their future success.47.A)By blending them with traditional, stimulating activities.48.B) By playing with things to solve problems on their Own.49. C) Encourage them to make things with hands.50.B)Develop st udents′ creative skills with the resources available.Being an information technology,or IT,worker is not a job I envy.51.B) It does not appeal to him.52. C) Many employees are deeply frustrated by IT.53.D) Employees become more confident in their work.54.D) Think about the possible effects on their employees.55.A)By designing systems that suit their needs.仔细阅读 2-题源Sugar shocked.That describes the reaction of many Americans this week following revelations that, 50 years ago, the sugar industry paid Harvard scientists for research that downplayed sugar's role in heart disease — and put the spotlight squarely on dietary fat.What might surprise consumers is just how many present-day nutrition studies are still funded by the food industry.Nutrition scholar Marion Nestle of New York University spent a year informally tracking industry-funded studies on food. "Roughly 90% of nearly 170 studiesfavored the sponsor's interest," Nestle tells us via email. Other, systematic reviews support her conclusions.For instance, studies funded by Welch Foods — the brand behind Welch's 100% Grape Juice — found that drinking Concord grape juice daily may boost brain function. Another, funded by Quaker Oats, concluded, as a Daily Mail story put it, that "hot oatmeal breakfast keeps you full for longer."While these examples might induce chuckles, the past year has seen several exposes that have raised serious concerns about the extent of industry's influence on food and nutrition research outcomes.Last year, The New York Times revealed how Coca-Cola was funding high-profile scientists and organizations promoting a message that, in the battle against weight gain, people should pay more attention to exercise and less to what they eat and drink. In the aftermath of that investigation, Coca-Cola released data detailing its funding of several medical institutions and associations between 2010 and 2015, from the Academy of Family Physicians to the American Academy of Pediatrics. All told, Coca-Cola says it gave $132.8 million toward scientific research and partnerships.And earlier this summer, the Associated Press released an investigation that looked at research funded by the National Confectioners Association, a trade group whose members include the makers of Tootsie Rolls, Hershey's kisses and Snickers bars. One study the group funded concluded that kids who eat candy tend to weigh less than those who don't. In an email to her co-author, the AP reported, one of the scientists behind that study wrote that the finding was "thin and clearly padded." Nonetheless, the paper was published in a journal called Food & Nutrition Research."It's definitely a problem that so much research in nutrition and health is funded by industry," says Bonnie Liebman, director of nutrition at the Center for Science in the Public Interest, a nonprofit advocacy group. "When the food industry pays for research, it often gets what it pays for." And what it pays for is often a pro-industry finding.。

翻译题四六级真题答案及解析一直是英语四六级考试中最难的一道题目，凭借着其综合能力的考察能力，我们可以通过了解学生在英语语法、词汇、句型、表达能力等各个方面的水平。

然而，由于的总分不高，有时候我们倾向于将其忽略。

因此，我们往往在备考时不够重视的训练。

但是，事实上，不仅在四级中出现频率高，在六级中也占有重要的位置。

为了给大家提供一些帮助，本文将为大家提供一道四级的参考答案和解析。

希望能对大家的备考提供一些帮助和启示。

以下是题目："In order to achieve the goal of quality education, we should stick to the basic strategy of striking a balance among building better institutions, improving the quality of teaching and making education more accessible."参考译文及解析：为了实现优质教育的目标，我们应坚持在加强建设更好的机构、提高教学质量和提高教育可及性之间取得平衡的基本策略。

首先，本题的翻译要求不涉及具体的政治内容，而是要准确表达出原文的意思。

因此，我们在翻译时应该注重原意的传达，避免出现主观臆断或意思不准确的情况。

其次，在翻译过程中，我们可以将一些长句进行拆分，以保证翻译的准确性和流畅度。

比如，原文中的“building better institutions”可以翻译为“加强建设更好的机构”。

再次，注意使用适当的连词和语态。

这样能够使翻译更加准确和流畅。

比如，原文中的“building better institutions, improv ingthe quality of teaching and making education more accessible.” 可以翻译为“加强建设更好的机构、提高教学质量和提高教育可及性”。

之2001年1月大学英语六级考试真题及参考答案2001年1月大学英语六级考试真题及参考答案一、单选题第1题：Starting with the ________ that there is life on the planet Mars, the seientstwent on to develop his argument.A) premise B) pretext C) foundation D) presentation【正确答案】：A【参考解析】：无第2题：After several nuclear disasters, a ________ has raged over the safety of nuclear energy.A) quarrel B) suspicion C) verdict D) controversy【正确答案】：D【参考解析】：无第3题：Their diplomatic principles complely laid bare their ________ for world conquest. A) admiration B) ambition C) administration D)orientation【正确答案】：B【参考解析】：无第4题：The director gave me his ________ that he would double my pay if I did my job well.A) warrant B) obligation C) assurance D) certainty【正确答案】：C【参考解析】：无第5题：The Christmas tree was decorated with shining ________ such as colored lights and glass balls.A) ornaments B) luxuries C) exhibits D) complements【正确答案】：A【参考解析】：无第6题：The two most important ________ in making a cake are flour and sugar .A) elements B) components C) ingredients D) constituents【正确答案】：C【参考解析】：无第7题：Cultural ________ indicates that human beings hand their languages down from one generation to another.A) translation B) transition C) transmission D) transaction【正确答案】：C【参考解析】：无第8题：We must look beyond ________ and assumptions and try to discover what is missing.A) justifications B) illusions C) manifestations D) specifications【正确答案】：B【参考解析】：无第9题：No one imagined that the apparently ________ businessman was really a criminal. A) respective B) respectable C) respectful D) realistic【正确答案】：B【参考解析】：无第10题：If nothing is done to protect the environment, millions of spedes that are alive today will have become ________ .A) deteriorated B) degenerated C) suppressed D) extinct【正确答案】：D【参考解析】：无第11题：The ________ of the scientific attitude is that the human mind can suceeed in understanding the universe.A) essence B) texture C) content D) threshold【正确答案】：A【参考解析】：无第12题：The old lady has developed a ________ cough which cannot be cured completely in a short time.A) perpetual B) permanent C) chronic D) sustained【正确答案】：C【参考解析】：无第13题：What the correspondent sent us is an ________ news report. We can depend on it A) evident B) authentic C) ultimate D) immediate【正确答案】：B【参考解析】：无第14题：Having had her as a professor and adviser, I can tell you that she is an_______ force who pushes her students to excel far beyond their own expectations.A) inspirational B) educational C) excessive D) instantaneous【正确答案】：A【参考解析】：无第15题：Some researchers feel that certain people have nervous systems particularly ______ to hot, dry winds. They are what we call weather sensitive people.A) subjective B) subordinate C) liable D) vulnerable【正确答案】：D【参考解析】：无第16题：Hurricanes are killer winds, and their ________ power lies in the physical damage they can do.A) cumulative B) destructive C) turbulent D) prevalent【正确答案】：B【参考解析】：无第17题：In some countries, students are expected to be quiet and ________ in the classroom.A) skeptical B) faithful C) obedient D) subsidiary48. In spite of the ______economic forecasts, manufacturing【正确答案】：C【参考解析】：无第18题：In spite of the ______economic forecasts, manufacturing output has risen slightly.A) gloomy B) miserable C) shadowy D) obscure【正确答案】：A【参考解析】：无第19题：Body paint or face paint is used mostly by men in pre literate societies in order to attract good health or to _______ disease.A) set aside B) ward off C) shrug off D) give away【正确答案】：B【参考解析】：无第20题：The international situation has been growing _____difficult for the last few years.A) invariably B) presumably C) increasingly D) dominantly【正确答案】：C【参考解析】：无第21题：The prisoner was ______ of his civil liberty for three years.A) discharged B) derived C) deprived D) dispatched【正确答案】：C【参考解析】：无第22题：Small farms and the lack of modern technology have ______ agricultural production.A) blundered B) tangled C) bewildered D) hampered【正确答案】：D【参考解析】：无第23题：The Japanese scientists have found that scents ______ efficiency and reduce stress among office workers.A) enhance B) amplilf C) foster D) magnify【正确答案】：A【参考解析】：无第24题：All the students have to ______to the rules and regulations of the school.A) confirm B) confront C) confine D) conform【正确答案】：A【参考解析】：无第25题：He ______ his head, wondering how to solve the problemA) scrapped B) screwed C) scraped D) scratched【正确答案】：D【参考解析】：无第26题：As soon as the boy was able to earn his own living he ______ his parents' strict rules.A) defied B) refuted C) excluded D) vetoed【正确答案】：A【参考解析】：无第27题：The helicopter a light plane and both pilots were killed.A) coincided with B) stumbled on C) tumbled to D) collided with【正确答案】：D【参考解析】：无第28题：To ______ is to save and protect, to leave what we ourselves enjoy in such goodcondition that others may also share the enjoyment.A) conserve B) conceive C) convert D) contrive【正确答案】：A【参考解析】：无第29题：Put on dark glasses or the sun will ______ you and you won' t be able to see.A) discern B) distort C) distract D) dazzle【正确答案】：D【参考解析】：无第30题：In ______ times human beings did not travel for pleasure but to find a morefavourable climate.A) prime B) primitive C) primary D) preliminary【正确答案】：B【参考解析】：无二、阅读理解第31题：Birds that are literally half asleep--with one brain hemisphere alert and the other sleeping--control which side of the brain remains awake, according to a new study of sleeping ducks.Earlier studies have documented half brain sleep in a wide range of birds. The brain hemispheres take turns sinking into the sleep stage characterized by slow brain waves. The eye controlled by the sleeping hemisphere keeps shut, while the wakeful hemisphere's eye stays open and alert. Birds also can sleep with both hemispheres resting at once.Decades of studies of bird flocks led researchers to predict extra alertness in the more vulnerable, end of the row sleepers. Sure enough, the end birdstended to watch carefully on the side away from their companions. Ducks in the inner spots showed no preference for gaze direction. Also, birds dozing(打盹) at the end of the line resorted to single hemisphere sleep, rather than total relaxation, more often than inner ducks did. Rotating 16 birds through the positions in a four duck row, the researchers found outer birds half asleep during some 32 percent of dozing time versus about 12 percent for birds in internal spots."We believe this is the first evidence for an animal behaviorally controlling sleep and wakefulness simultaneously in different regions of the brain，"the researchers say.The results provide the best evidence for a long standing supposition that single hemisphere sleep evolved as creatures scanned for enemies. The preference for opening an eye on the lookout side could be widespread, he predicts. He's seen it in a pair of birds dozing side by side in the zoo and in a single pet bird sleeping by a mirror. The mirror side eye closed as if the reflection were acompanion and the other eye stayed open.Useful as half sleeping might be, it's only been found in birds and such water mammals(哺乳动物) as dolphins, whales, and seals. Perhaps keeping one side of the brain awake allows a sleeping animal to surface occasionally to avoid drowning.Studies of birds may offer unique insights into sleep. Jerome M. Siegel of the UCLA says he wonders if birds' half brain sleep "is just the tip of the iceberg(冰山)" He speculates that more examples may turn up when we take a closer look at other species.1. A new study on birds' sleep has revealed that ________ .A) half brain sleep is found in a wide variety of birdsB) half brain sleep is characterized by slow brain wavesC) birds can control their half brain sleep consciouslyD) birds seldom sleep with the whole of their brain at rest2. According to the passage, birds often half sleep because ________ .A) they have to watch out for possible attacksB) their brain hemispheres take turns to restC) the two halves of their brain are differently structuredD) they have to constantly keep an eye on their companions3. The example of a bird sleeping in front of a mirror indicates that ________.A) the phenomenon of birds dozing in pairs is widespreadB) birds prefer to sleep in pairs for the sake of securityC) even an imagined companion gives the bird a sense of securityD) a single pet bird enjoys seeing its own reflection in the mirror4. While sleeping, some water mammals tend to keep half awake in order to ________ .A) alert themselves to the approaching enemyB) emerge from water now and then to breatheC) be sensitive to the ever changing environmentD) avoid being swept away by rapid currents5. By "just the tip of the iceberg"( Line 2, Para. 8), Siegel suggests that________ .A) half brain sleep has something to do with icy weatherB) the mystery of half brain sleep is close to being solvedC) most birds living in cold regions tend to be half sleepersD) half brain sleep is a phenomenon that could exist among other species1小题>、【正确答案】：C2小题>、【正确答案】：A3小题>、【正确答案】：C4小题>、【正确答案】：B5小题>、【正确答案】：D【参考解析】：无第32题：A nine year old schoolgirl single handedly cooks up a science fair experiment that ends up debunking(揭穿……的真相) a widely practiced medical treatment. Emily Rosa's target was a practice known as therapeutic(治疗的) touch (TT for short), whose advocates manipulate patients' "energy field"to make them feel better and even, say some, to cure them of various ills. Yet Emily's test shows that these energy fields can't be detected, even by trained TT practitioners (行医者). Obviously mindful of the publicity value of the situation, Journal editor George Lundberg appeared on TV to declare, "Age doesn't matter. It's good science that matters, and this is good science."Emily's mother Linda Rosa, a registered nurse, has been campaigning against TT for nearly a decade. Linda first thought about TT in the late '80s, when she learned it was on the approved list for continuing nursing education in Colorado. Its 100,000 trained practitioners (48,000 in the U. S.) don't even touch their patients. Instead, they waved their hands a few inches from the patient's body, pushing energy fields around until they' re in "balance." TT advocates say these manipulations can help heal wounds, relieve Pain and reduce fever. The claims are taken seriously enough that TT therapists are frequently hired by leading hospitals, at up to $ 70 an hour, to smooth patients' energy, sometimes during surgery.Yet Rosa could not find any evidence that it works. To provide such proof,TT therapists would have to sit down for independent testing--something they haven't been eager to do, even though James Randi has offered more than $1 million to anyone who can demonstrate the existence of a human energy field. (He's had one taker so far. She failed.) A skeptic might conclude that TT practitioners are afraid to lay their beliefs on the line. But who could turn down an innocentfourth grader? Says Emily:"I think they didn't take me very seriously because I'm a kid."The experiment was straight forward: 21 TT therapists stuck their hands, palms up, through a screen. Emily held her own hand over one of theirs left or right and the practitioners had to say which hand it was. When the results were recorded, they'd done no better than they would have by simply guessing. If there was an energy field, they couldn't feel it.1. Which of the following is evidence that TT is widely practiced?A) TT has been in existence for decades.B) Many patients were cured by therapeutic touch.C) TT therapists are often employed by leading hospitals.D) More than 100,000 people are undergoing TT treatment.2. Very few TT practitioners responded to the $1 million offer because ________.A) they didn't take the offer seriouslyB) they didn't want to risk their careerC) they were unwilling to reveal their secretD) they thought it was not in line with their practice3. The purpose of Emily Rosa's experiment was ________.A) to see why TT could work the way it didB) to find out how TT cured patients' illnessesC) to test whether she could sense the human energy fieldD) to test whether a human energy field really existed4. Why did some TT practitioners agree to be the subjects of Emil's experiment?A) It involved nothing more than mere guessing.B) They thought it was going to be a lot of fun.C) It was more straightforward than other experiments.D) They sensed no harm in a little girl's experiment.5. What can we learn from the passage?A) Some widely accepted beliefs can be deceiving.B) Solid evidence weighs more than pure theories.C) Little children can be as clever as trained TT practitioners.D) The principle of TT is too profound to understand.1小题>、【正确答案】：C2小题>、【正确答案】：C3小题>、【正确答案】：D4小题>、【正确答案】：D5小题>、【正确答案】：A【参考解析】：无第33题：What might driving on an automated highway be like? The answer depends on what kind of sys tem is ultimately adopted. Two distinct types are on the drawing board. The first is a special purpose lane system, in which certain lanes are reserved for automated vehicles. The second is a mixed traffic system: fully automated vehicles would share the road with partially automated or manual driven cars. A special purpose lane system would require more extensive physical modifications to existing highways, but it promises the greatest gains in freeway（高速公路）capacity.Under either scheme, the driver would specify the desired destination, furnishing this information to a computer in the car at the beginning of the trip or perhaps just before reaching the automated highway. If a mixed traffic system way was in place, automated driving could begin whenever the driver was on suitably equipped roads. If special purpose lanes were available, the car could enter them and join existing traffic in two different ways. One method would use a specialonramp(入口引道).As the driver approached the point of entry for the highway, devices installed on the roadside would electronically check the vehicle to determine its destination and to ascertain that it had the proper automation equipment in good working order. Assuming it passed such tests, the driver would then be guided through a gate and toward an automated lane. In this case, the transition from manual to auto mated control would take place on the entrance ramp. An alternative technique could employ conven tional lanes, which would be shared by automated and regular vehicles. The driver would steer onto the highway and move in normal fashion to a "transition'lane. The vehicle would then shift under computer control onto alane reserved for automated traffic. (The limitation of these lanes to automated traffic would, presumably, be well respected, because all trespassers(非法进入者) could be swiftly identified by authorities.)Either approach to joining a lane of automated traffic would harmonize the movement of newly entering vehicles with those already traveling. Automatic control here should allow for smooth merging without the usual uncertainties and potential for accidents. And once a vehicle had settled into autmated travel, the driverwould be free to release the wheel, open the morning paper or just relax.1. We learn from the first paragraph that two systems of automated highways ________.A) are being plannedB) are being modifiedC) are now in wide useD) are under construction2. A special purpose lane system is probably advantageous in that ________.A) it would require only minor changes to existing highwaysB) it would achieve the greatest highway traffic efficiencyC) it has a lane for both automated and partially automated vehiclesD) it offers more lanes for automated vehicles3. Which of the following is true about driving on an automated highway?A) Vehicles traveling on it are assigned different lanes according to theirdestinations.B) A car can join existing traffic any time in a mixed lane system.C)The driver should inform his car computer of his destination before driving ontoit.D) The driver should share the automated lane with those of regular vehicles.4. We know from the passage that a car can enter a special purpose lane________.A) by smoothly merging with cars on the conventional laneB) by way of a ramp with electronic control devicesC) through a specially guarded gateD) after all trespassers are identified and removed5. When driving in an automated lane, the driver ________.A) should harmonize with newly entering carsB) doesn't have to rely on his computer systemC) should watch out for potential accidentsD) doesn't have to hold on to the steering wheel1小题>、【正确答案】：A2小题>、【正确答案】：B3小题>、【正确答案】：C4小题>、【正确答案】：B5小题>、【正确答案】：D【参考解析】：无第34题：Taking charge of yourself involves putting to rest some very prevalent myths. At the top of the list is the notion that intelligence is measured by your ability to solve complex problems; to read, write and compute at certain levels;and to resolve abstract equations quickly. This vision of intelligence asserts formal education and bookish excellence as the true measures of self fulfillment. It encourages a kind of intellectual prejudice that has brought with it some discouraging results. We have come to believe that someone who has more educational merit badges, who is very good at some form of school discipline is"intelligent." Yet mental hospitals are filled with patients who have all of the properly lettered certificates. A truer indicator of intelligence is an effective, happy life lived each day and each present moment of every day.If you are happy, if you live each moment for everything it's worth, then you are an intelligent person. Problem solving is a useful help to your happiness, but if you know that given your inability to resolve a particular concern you can still choose happiness for yourself, or at a minimum refuse to choose unhappiness, then you are intelligent. You are intelligent because you have the ultimate weapon against the big N. B. D. --Nervous Break Down."Intelligent'people do not have N.B.D.'s because they are in charge of themselves. They know how to choose happiness over depression, because they know how to deal with the problems of their lives.You can begin to think of yourselfas truly intelligent on the basis of how you choose to feel in the face of trying circumstances. The life struggles are pretty much the same for each of us. Every one who is involved with other humanbeings in any social context has similar difficulties. Disagreements, conflictsand compromises are a part of what it means to be human. Similarly, money, growing old,sickness, deaths, natural disasters and accidents are all events which present problems to virtually all human beings. But some people are able to make it, to avoid immobilizing depression and unhappiness despite such occurrences, while others collapse or have an N. B.D. Those who recognize problems as a human condition and don' t measure happiness by an absence of problems are the most intelligent kind of humans we know; also, the most rare.1. According to the author, the conventional notion of intelligence measured in termsof one' s ability to read, write and compute ________.A) is a widely held but wrong conceptB) will help eliminate intellectual prejudiceC) is the root of all mental distressD) will contribute to one's self fulfillment2 It is implied in the passage that holding a university degree ________.A) may result in one's inability to solve complex real life problemsB) does not indicate one's ability to write properly worded documentsC) may make one mentally sick and physically weakD) does not mean that one is highly intelligent3. The author thinks that an intelligent person knows ________.A) how to put up with some very prevalent mythsB) how to find the best way to achieve success in tireC) how to avoid depression and make his life worthwhileD) how to persuade others to compromise4. In the last paragraph, the author tells us that ________.A) difficulties are but part of everyone's lifeB) depression and unhappiness are unavoidable in lifeC) everybody should learn to avoid trying circumstancesD) good feelings can contribute to eventual academic excellence5. According to the passage, what kind of people are rare?A) Those who don't emphasize bookish excellence in their pursuit of happiness.B) Those who are aware of difficulties in life but know how to avoid unhappiness.C) Those who measure happiness by an absence of problems but seldom suffer from N.B. D. ' s.D) Those who are able to secure happiness though having to struggle against trying circumstances.1小题>、【正确答案】：A2小题>、【正确答案】：D3小题>、【正确答案】：C4小题>、【正确答案】：A5小题>、【正确答案】：B【参考解析】：无三、完型填空第35题：In the United States, the first day nursery, was opened in 1854. Nurseries were established in various areas during the 1 half of the 19th century; mostof 2 were charitable. Both in Europe and in the U.S., the day nursery movement received great 3 during the First World War, when 4 of manpower caused theindustrial employment of unprecedented(前所未有) numbers of women. In some European countries nurseries were established 5 in munitions(军火) plants, under direct government sponsorship. 6 the number of nurseries in the U.S. also rose 7 ,this rise was accomplished without government aid of any kind. During the yearsfollowing the First World War, 8 , federal,State, and local governments gradually began to exercise a measure of control 9 the day nurseries, chiefly by 10 them and by.The 11 of the Second World War was quickly followed by an increase in the number of day nurseries in almost all countries, as women were 12 called up on to replace men in the factories.On this 13 the U.S. government immediately came to the support of the nursery schools, 14 $ 6,000,000 in July, 1942,for a nursery school program for the children of working mothers. Many States and local communities 15this Federal aid. By the end of the war, in August, 1945, more than 100,000 children were being cared 16 in daycare centers receiving Federal 17 . Soon afterward, the Federal government 18 cut down its expenditures for this purpose and later 19 them, causing a sharp drop in the number of nursery schools in operation. However, the expectation that most employed mothers would leave their 20 at the end ofthe war was only partly fulfilled.1. A) latter C) other B) late D) first2. A) those B) them C) whose D) imitation3. A) impetus B) input C) imitation D) initiative4. A) sources B) abundance C) shortage D) reduction5. A) hardly B) entirely C) only D) even6. A) Because B) As C) Since D) Although7. A) unanimously B) sharply C) predominantly D) militantly8. A) therefore B) consequently C) however D) moreover9. A) over B) in C) at D) about10. A) formulating B) labeling C) patenting D) licensing11. A) outset B) outbreak C) breakthrough D) breakdown12. A) again B) thus C) repeatedly D) yet13. A) circumstance B) occasion C) case D) situation14. A) regulating B) summoning C) allocating D) transferring15. A) expanded B) facilitated C) supplemented D) compensated16. A) by B) after C) of D) for17 A) pensions B) subsidies C) revenues D) budgets18. A) prevalently B) furiously C) statistically D) drastically19 A) abolished B) diminished C) jeopardized D)precluded20. A) nurseries B) homes C) jobs D) chidren1小题>、【正确答案】：B2小题>、【正确答案】：B3小题>、【正确答案】：A4小题>、【正确答案】：C5小题>、【正确答案】：D6小题>、【正确答案】：D7小题>、【正确答案】：B8小题>、【正确答案】：C9小题>、【正确答案】：B10小题>、【正确答案】：A11小题>、【正确答案】：B12小题>、【正确答案】：A13小题>、【正确答案】：B14小题>、【正确答案】：C15小题>、【正确答案】：C16小题>、【正确答案】：D 17小题>、【正确答案】：B 18小题>、【正确答案】：D 19小题>、【正确答案】：A 20小题>、【正确答案】：C 【参考解析】：无。