B21#楼建筑节能施工方案

合隆B212260-6款货品跟进心得从2月10号开始接触合隆B212260-3，到现在已经有1个月的时间。

在这一个月的摸索与实践操作过程中，碰到很多困难，也得到了来自各个部门的帮忙，下面把在跟进过程中碰到的问题和当时解决的方法做个汇总，方便下次其他部门生产此款货品时能少走很多弯路。

主要分为：前段的硬件设施准备，工艺布局规划，资料统筹，供料系统，车间进度控制系统，车间品质控制系统，各工序职责负责系统，数据跟进系统，废次品管理，整体协调系统；（一）：前段的硬件设施准备。

因为此款货品涉及的工序较多较复杂，而且以前没有生产过大货。

车间具体做法如下：1：根据开发部给出的作业指导书与办房给出的各工序日产能计算出需要的各机器数量；2：将做此款货品所需要的机器全部汇总到一个地方；3：调试机器；（确保后续生产大货时所有的机器都能正常工作）4：准备各工序人手；（根据员工个人能力安排在最适合他们的工序）（二）：工艺布局规划。

这一步很关键。

根据此款货品的工艺流程，结合车间布局，按照流线把各硬件设备有条不紊的连接在一起。

具体做法：1：先名列出各硬件种类与数量；2：按照工艺流程从第一个工序开始按照流线安装好硬件设施；3：规划物料区；4：规划资料区；5：规划异常处理区；（三）：资料统筹。

主要包括辅助资料。

1：模具的调试；（调试模具很有必要，车间刚开始生产时因为模具问题耽误了好几天时间）2：胶壳的审核；3：贴布，画线纸办的审核；（必须确保所有纸办与标准办完全一致）4：锁纽扣线的提前准备；5：定型纱的提前准备；6：胶水的提前申购；7：定型模具数量的协调与啤刀数量的协调；（四）：供料系统。

包括底布，底袋布，底料，面料，碎料；1：按照货期要求与车间实际生产能力，先供底布；2：配套供底袋布，底料，面料。

（必须配套供）（五）：车间进度控制系统。

主要用来控制生产进度；车间刚开每天生产200对OK货品都相当难，在陈副理的指导下成立了进度控制系统，经过三天的调整，日产量为7000对/天，主要做法如下：1：把每个人用到最合适的工序；2：配套生产；（比如画了哪个码的线就贴那个码的定型纱，再贴那个码的底袋布，再锁那个码的线，再压那个码的平板，再安排定型，分边，切杯，开底袋，查货，检验，入库）3：目标管理；（每个工序，每个人，每天都必须完成规定目标）4：过程检讨；（刚开始是两小时检讨一次产量，后来半天检讨一次，如达不到预期产量，先检讨，然后再改善）5：各工序产量检讨；（上午下班前各工序负责人把负责工序的产量明细汇总，下午下班前再检讨一次，晚上下班前必须达成当天目标才安排下班）6：当天必须准备下一天物料；（六）：车间品质控制系统。

DEUTSCHABB-B21-, B23- und B24-EnergiezählerRev 01 - 12/2022Diese Handbuch ist auch im HTML5-Format verfügbar.Inhaltsverzeichnis1. ABB-B21-, B23- und B24-Energiezähler (1)1.1. Eigenschaften und Voraussetzungen (1)1.2. Installation und Konfiguration (2)1.2.1. Verkabelung der RS485-zu-USB-Schnittstelle (2)1.2.2. Konfiguration des ABB-Zählers für Venus OS (2)1.2.3. GX-Gerätekonfiguration (3)1.1. Eigenschaften und VoraussetzungenVenus OS unterstützt die Energiezähler der B-Serie von ABB B21, B23 und B24 als Alternative zu den Energiezählern von Carlo Gavazzi. Diese Zähler können als allgemeiner Wechselstromzähler oder zur Messung von Leistung und Energie für einen nicht unterstützten PV-Wechselrichter oder ein Aggregat verwendet werden. Die folgenden Produktkennungen von ABB werden unterstützt:•B21: Einphasiger Zähler, bis zu 65 A, 35 mm breit. Produktkennung 2CMA100155R1000 SilverVerwenden Sie den B21 Silver als Ersatz für die ET112.•B23: Dreiphasiger Zähler, interner Shunt, bis zu 65 A pro Phase, 70 mm breit. Produktkennung 2CMA100169R1000 Silver Verwenden Sie den B23 Silver als Netzzählerersatz für den EM24 in ESS-Systemen oder zur Messung eines dreiphasigen PV-Wechselrichters.•B24: Dreiphasiger Zähler, verwendet Stromwandler. 70 mm breit. Übersetzungsverhältnis konfigurierbar, bis zu 1000 A pro Phase. Die Stromwandler müssen separat erworben werden. Eine Auswahlanleitung für Stromwandler finden Sie auf Seite 10 des verlinkten Dokuments von ABB. Produktkennung 2CMA100183R1000 SilverVerwenden Sie den B24 Silver als Ersatz für den EM24 in ESS-Systemen mit mehr als 65 A pro Phase.Eine allgemeine Übersicht über die Funktionen finden Sie hier (klicken Sie auf Funktionen): ABB-Energieeffizienzgeräte. Detaillierte Informationen zu dem jeweiligen Zähler erhalten Sie über die oben angegebenen Produktkennungen.Beachten Sie, dass die …Steel“-Versionen nicht unterstützt werden, da sie keine Messung der umgekehrten Energie erlauben, sodass es unmöglich ist, die verkaufte Energie anzuzeigen. Diagramme und Zähler auf VRM werden mit einem Steel-Meter nicht korrekt angezeigt. Vergewissern Sie sich, dass der gewünschte Zähler die Bezeichnung Silver (oder besser) trägt und über Modbus RS485 verfügt.Mindestversion der Venus OS-Firmware: 2.92 oder neuer.Piggybacking (Netz auf L1 und PV-Wechselrichter auf L2) wird nicht unterstützt.Jedes dieser Modelle verfügt über einen LCD-Bildschirm und wird über eine RS485-zu-USB-Schnittstelle mit dem GX-Gerät verbunden. Es wird kein Zigbee-Anschluss unterstützt.Die dreiphasigen Zähler verwenden die Vektormethode für die Berechnung der Gesamtleistung. Dies ist in vielen Ländern wie Deutschland und Österreich die bevorzugte Methode. Die Gesamtleistung wird separat in die importierten und exportierten Energiewerte integriert, anstatt nur die einzelnen Phasenwerte zu summieren.Im Gegensatz zum CG-Zähler wird der ABB-Zähler über die Geräteliste und nicht über Einstellungen > Energiezähler desGX-Geräts konfiguriert. Siehe das Kapitel GX-Gerätekonfiguration [3].1.2. Installation und Konfiguration1.2.1. Verkabelung der RS485-zu-USB-SchnittstelleSie benötigen einen sehr kleinen Schlitzschraubendreher, um an die Schrauben des RS485-Anschlusses an den Klemmen der B-Serie zu gelangen.1.2.2. Konfiguration des ABB-Zählers für Venus OSEs müssen einige Einstellungen wie die Baudrate und die richtige Parität vorgenommen werden. Die folgenden Schritte sind notwendig, um den ABB-Zähler für Venus zu konfigurieren:1.Öffnen Sie die vordere Kunststoffabdeckung. Bei geschlossener Abdeckung können Sie die SET-Taste nicht betätigen.2.Drücken Sie die SET-Taste. Auf der LCD-Anzeige wird …RS-485“ angezeigt.3.Drücken Sie auf OK. Auf der LCD-Anzeige wird …Prot“ (Protokoll) angezeigt.4.Drücken Sie die Abwärtstaste. Auf der LCD-Anzeige wird …baud“ angezeigt. Betätigen Sie dann OK.5.Die aktuelle Baudrate wird auf dem Bildschirm angezeigt. Betätigen Sie die Taste SET. Der Bildschirm beginnt zu blinken.6.Drücken Sie den Pfeil nach unten, bis …38400“ angezeigt wird. Betätigen Sie dann OK.7.Halten Sie die Taste OK eine Sekunde lang gedrückt, um zum vorherigen Menü zurückzukehren. Es wird wieder …baud“angezeigt.8.Betätigen Sie den Pfeil nach unten, bis …Parity“ (Parität) angezeigt wird. Betätigen Sie OK. Die aktuelle Einstellung wirdangezeigt (Werkseinstellung …even“ [gerade]).9.Betätigen Sie die Taste SET. Das Display blinkt.10.Betätigen Sie die Abwärtstaste, bis …None“ (Keine) angezeigt wird. Betätigen Sie OK.11.Betätigen Sie mehrmals für eine Sekunde die Taste OK, um das Menü vollständig zu verlassen und zum Hauptbildschirmzurückzukehren.12.Schließen Sie die Abdeckung.Ausführliche Informationen zur Installation und Konfiguration finden Sie in der ABB-Dokumentation, die unter Eigenschaften und Anforderungen [1] verlinkt ist.1.2.3. GX-GerätekonfigurationNach dem ordnungsgemäßen Anschluss und dem Einschalten werden die Zähler auf dem GX-Gerät in der Geräteliste angezeigt. Beachten Sie, dass im Gegensatz zu anderen Energiezählern die aktuellen Werte des ABB-Zählers immer als positive Zahlen angezeigt werden. Das ist normal.Blättern Sie nach unten zur Registerkarte Setup (Einstellung) und legen Sie die Funktion des Energiezählers fest:Sobald die Funktion richtig eingestellt ist, ist die Konfiguration abgeschlossen.。

FRANÇAISCompteurs d’énergie ABBB21, B23 et B24Rev 01 - 12/2022Ce manuel est également disponible au format HTML5.Table des matières1. Compteurs d’énergie ABB B21, B23 et B24 (1)1.1. Caractéristiques et exigences (1)1.2. Installation et configuration (2)1.2.1. Câblage de l’interface RS485 vers USB (2)1.2.2. Configuration du compteur ABB pour Venus OS (2)1.2.3. Configuration du dispositif GX (3)1.1. Caractéristiques et exigencesVenus OS prend en charge les compteurs d’énergie B21, B23 et B24 de la série B d’ABB comme alternative aux compteursd’énergie Carlo Gavazzi. Ces compteurs peuvent être utilisés comme un compteur CA générique ou pour mesurer la puissance et l’énergie d’un convertisseur photovoltaïque ou d’un groupe électrogène non pris en charge. Les identifiants de produits ABB suivants sont pris en charge :•B21 : compteur monophasé, jusqu’à 65 A, largeur 35 mm. Identifiant de produit 2CMA100155R1000 argentUtilisez le B21 Silver en remplacement du ET112.•B23 : compteur triphasé, shunt interne, jusqu’à 65 A par phase, largeur 70 mm. Identifiant de produit 2CMA100169R1000 SilverUtilisez le B23 Silver pour remplacer le EM24 dans les systèmes ESS ou pour mesurer un convertisseur photovoltaïque triphasé.•B24 : compteur triphasé, utilise des transformateurs de courant. 70 mm de large. Ratio configurable, jusqu’à 1 000 A par phase. Les TC doivent être achetés séparément. Un guide de sélection pour les TC se trouve à la page 10 du document ABB lié. Identifiant de produit 2CMA100183R1000 SilverUtilisez le B24 Silver pour remplacer le EM24 dans les systèmes ESS avec plus de 65 A par phase.Un aperçu des fonctionnalités est disponible ici (cliquez sur Fonctionnalités) : Appareils ABB Energy Efficiency. Des informations détaillées sur le compteur respectif peuvent être obtenues par le biais des identifiants de produit liés ci-dessus.Notez que les versions « Steel » ne sont pas prises en charge car elles ne permettent pas de mesurer l’énergie inverse, ce qui empêche de voir l’énergie vendue. Les graphiques et les compteurs du portail VRM ne s’afficheront pas correctement avec un compteur Steel. Assurez-vous que le compteur que vous achetez est de la désignation Silver (ou mieux) et qu’il est équipé du Modbus RS485.Version minimale du firmware de Venus OS : 2.92 ou version ultérieure.Le piggybacking (réseau sur L1 et convertisseur photovoltaïque sur L2) n’est pas pris en charge.Chacun de ces modèles dispose d’un écran LCD et se connecte au dispositif GX via une interface RS485 vers USB. La connexion Zigbee n’est pas prise en charge.Les compteurs triphasés utilisent la méthode vectorielle pour le calcul de l’énergie totale. Il s’agit de la méthode privilégiée dans de nombreux pays, comme l’Allemagne et l’Autriche. La puissance totale est intégrée séparément dans les valeurs d’énergie d’importation et d’exportation plutôt que de simplement additionner les valeurs des phases individuelles.À la différence du compteur CG, le compteur ABB est configuré via la liste des appareils et non via le menu Paramètres > Compteurs d’énergie du dispositif GX. Voir le chapitre sur la configuration du dispositif GX [3].1.2. Installation et configuration1.2.1. Câblage de l’interface RS485 vers USBUn très petit tournevis plat est nécessaire pour accéder aux vis de la connexion RS485 sur les bornes de la série B.1.2.2. Configuration du compteur ABB pour Venus OSQuelques réglages tels que le débit en bauds et la parité correcte doivent être effectués. Les étapes suivantes sont nécessaires pour configurer le compteur ABB pour Venus :1.Ouvrez le couvercle avant en plastique. Lorsque le couvercle est fermé, vous ne pouvez pas appuyer sur la touche SET.2.Appuyez sur la touche SET. L’écran LCD affiche « RS-485 ».3.Appuyez sur OK. L’écran LCD affiche « Prot » (protocole).4.Appuyez sur la touche « Down » (bas). L’écran LCD affiche « baud ». Appuyez ensuite sur OK.5.Le débit en bauds actuel s’affiche à l’écran. Appuyez sur SET. L’écran commence à clignoter.6.Appuyez sur la flèche vers le bas jusqu’à ce que la valeur « 38400 » soit affichée. Appuyez ensuite sur OK.7.Maintenez la touche OK enfoncée pendant une seconde pour revenir au menu précédent. L’écran affiche à nouveau« baud ».8.Appuyez sur la flèche vers le bas jusqu’à ce que « Parity » s’affiche. Appuyez sur OK. Le réglage de courant s’affiche (pardéfaut « Even »).9.Appuyez sur SET. L’écran clignote.10.Appuyez sur le la touche « Down » (bas) jusqu’à ce que « None » soit affiché. Appuyez sur OK.11.Maintenez la touche OK enfoncée pendant une seconde à plusieurs reprises pour sortir complètement du menu et revenir àl’écran principal.12.Fermez le couvercle.Pour obtenir des informations détaillées sur l’installation et la configuration, consultez la documentation ABB dont le lien figure dans la rubrique Caractéristiques et exigences [1].1.2.3. Configuration du dispositif GXUne fois la connexion établie et l’appareil mis sous tension, le ou les compteurs seront visible sur le dispositif GX dans la liste des appareils.Notez que contrairement aux autres compteurs d’énergie, les valeurs de courant électrique du compteur ABB sont toujoursaffichées sous forme de nombres positifs. C'est normal.Faites défiler l’écran jusqu’à l’onglet Configuration et définissez le rôle du compteur d’énergie :Une fois que le rôle a été correctement défini, la configuration est terminée.。

土纲名称土纲代码亚纲名称亚纲代码土类名称土类代码亚类名称亚类代码淋溶土B湿暖温淋溶土B2棕壤B21典型棕壤B211淋溶土B湿暖温淋溶土B2棕壤B21典型棕壤B211淋溶土B湿暖温淋溶土B2棕壤B21典型棕壤B211淋溶土B湿暖温淋溶土B2棕壤B21典型棕壤B211淋溶土B湿暖温淋溶土B2棕壤B21典型棕壤B211淋溶土B湿暖温淋溶土B2棕壤B21典型棕壤B211淋溶土B湿暖温淋溶土B2棕壤B21典型棕壤B211淋溶土B湿暖温淋溶土B2棕壤B21典型棕壤B211淋溶土B湿暖温淋溶土B2棕壤B21典型棕壤B211淋溶土B湿暖温淋溶土B2棕壤B21典型棕壤B211淋溶土B湿暖温淋溶土B2棕壤B21典型棕壤B211淋溶土B湿暖温淋溶土B2棕壤B21典型棕壤B211淋溶土B湿暖温淋溶土B2棕壤B21典型棕壤B211淋溶土B湿暖温淋溶土B2棕壤B21典型棕壤B211淋溶土B湿暖温淋溶土B2棕壤B21典型棕壤B211淋溶土B湿暖温淋溶土B2棕壤B21典型棕壤B211淋溶土B湿暖温淋溶土B2棕壤B21典型棕壤B211淋溶土B湿暖温淋溶土B2棕壤B21典型棕壤B211淋溶土B湿暖温淋溶土B2棕壤B21典型棕壤B211淋溶土B湿暖温淋溶土B2棕壤B21典型棕壤B211淋溶土B湿暖温淋溶土B2棕壤B21白浆化棕壤B212淋溶土B湿暖温淋溶土B2棕壤B21白浆化棕壤B212淋溶土B湿暖温淋溶土B2棕壤B21白浆化棕壤B212淋溶土B湿暖温淋溶土B2棕壤B21白浆化棕壤B212淋溶土B湿暖温淋溶土B2棕壤B21白浆化棕壤B212淋溶土B湿暖温淋溶土B2棕壤B21潮棕壤B213淋溶土B湿暖温淋溶土B2棕壤B21潮棕壤B213淋溶土B湿暖温淋溶土B2棕壤B21潮棕壤B213淋溶土B湿暖温淋溶土B2棕壤B21潮棕壤B213淋溶土B湿暖温淋溶土B2棕壤B21潮棕壤B213淋溶土B湿暖温淋溶土B2棕壤B21潮棕壤B213淋溶土B湿暖温淋溶土B2棕壤B21潮棕壤B213淋溶土B湿暖温淋溶土B2棕壤B21潮棕壤B213淋溶土B湿暖温淋溶土B2棕壤B21潮棕壤B213淋溶土B湿暖温淋溶土B2棕壤B21潮棕壤B213淋溶土B湿暖温淋溶土B2棕壤B21潮棕壤B213淋溶土B湿暖温淋溶土B2棕壤B21潮棕壤B213淋溶土B湿暖温淋溶土B2棕壤B21潮棕壤B213淋溶土B湿暖温淋溶土B2棕壤B21潮棕壤B213淋溶土B湿暖温淋溶土B2棕壤B21棕壤性土B214淋溶土B湿暖温淋溶土B2棕壤B21棕壤性土B214淋溶土B湿暖温淋溶土B2棕壤B21棕壤性土B214淋溶土B湿暖温淋溶土B2棕壤B21棕壤性土B214淋溶土B湿暖温淋溶土B2棕壤B21棕壤性土B214淋溶土B湿暖温淋溶土B2棕壤B21棕壤性土B214淋溶土B湿温淋溶土B3暗棕壤B31典型暗棕壤B311C2褐土C21典型褐土C211半淋溶土C半湿暖温半淋溶土C2褐土C21典型褐土C211半淋溶土C半湿暖温半淋溶土半淋溶土C半湿暖温半淋溶土C2褐土C21典型褐土C211C2褐土C21典型褐土C211半淋溶土C半湿暖温半淋溶土半淋溶土C半湿暖温半淋溶土C2褐土C21石灰性褐土C212C2褐土C21石灰性褐土C212半淋溶土C半湿暖温半淋溶土C2褐土C21石灰性褐土C212半淋溶土C半湿暖温半淋溶土C2褐土C21石灰性褐土C212半淋溶土C半湿暖温半淋溶土C2褐土C21石灰性褐土C212半淋溶土C半湿暖温半淋溶土C2褐土C21石灰性褐土C212半淋溶土C半湿暖温半淋溶土C2褐土C21石灰性褐土C212半淋溶土C半湿暖温半淋溶土C2褐土C21淋溶褐土C213半淋溶土C半湿暖温半淋溶土C2褐土C21淋溶褐土C213半淋溶土C半湿暖温半淋溶土C2褐土C21淋溶褐土C213半淋溶土C半湿暖温半淋溶土C2褐土C21淋溶褐土C213半淋溶土C半湿暖温半淋溶土C2褐土C21淋溶褐土C213半淋溶土C半湿暖温半淋溶土C2褐土C21潮褐土C214半淋溶土C半湿暖温半淋溶土半淋溶土C半湿暖温半淋溶土C2褐土C21潮褐土C214C2褐土C21潮褐土C214半淋溶土C半湿暖温半淋溶土C2褐土C21潮褐土C214半淋溶土C半湿暖温半淋溶土半淋溶土C半湿暖温半淋溶土C2褐土C21褐土性土C217C2褐土C21褐土性土C217半淋溶土C半湿暖温半淋溶土C2褐土C21褐土性土C217半淋溶土C半湿暖温半淋溶土C2褐土C21褐土性土C217半淋溶土C半湿暖温半淋溶土C2褐土C21褐土性土C217半淋溶土C半湿暖温半淋溶土C2褐土C21褐土性土C217半淋溶土C半湿暖温半淋溶土半淋溶土C半湿温半淋溶土C3黑土C32典型黑土C321半淋溶土C半湿温半淋溶土C3黑土C32典型黑土C321初育土G土质初育土G1红粘土G12典型红粘土G121初育土G土质初育土G1红粘土G12典型红粘土G121初育土G土质初育土G1红粘土G12典型红粘土G121初育土G土质初育土G1红粘土G12积钙红粘土G122初育土G土质初育土G1新积土G13冲积土G132初育土G土质初育土G1新积土G13冲积土G132初育土G土质初育土G1风沙土G15草原风沙土G152初育土G土质初育土G1风沙土G15草原风沙土G152初育土G土质初育土G1风沙土G15草原风沙土G152初育土G土质初育土G1风沙土G15草原风沙土G152初育土G土质初育土G1风沙土G15草甸风沙土G153初育土G土质初育土G1风沙土G15草甸风沙土G153初育土G土质初育土G1风沙土G15草甸风沙土G153初育土G土质初育土G1风沙土G15草甸风沙土G153初育土G石质初育土G2火山灰土G22暗火山灰土G222初育土G石质初育土G2粗骨土G25中性粗骨土G252初育土G石质初育土G2粗骨土G25中性粗骨土G252初育土G石质初育土G2粗骨土G25钙质粗骨土G253初育土G石质初育土G2石质土G26中性石质土G262初育土G石质初育土G2石质土G26中性石质土G262初育土G石质初育土G2石质土G26钙质石质土G263半水成土H暗半水成土H1草甸土H11典型草甸土H111半水成土H暗半水成土H1草甸土H11典型草甸土H111半水成土H暗半水成土H1草甸土H11典型草甸土H111半水成土H暗半水成土H1草甸土H11典型草甸土H111半水成土H暗半水成土H1草甸土H11典型草甸土H111半水成土H暗半水成土H1草甸土H11典型草甸土H111半水成土H暗半水成土H1草甸土H11典型草甸土H111半水成土H暗半水成土H1草甸土H11典型草甸土H111半水成土H暗半水成土H1草甸土H11典型草甸土H111半水成土H暗半水成土H1草甸土H11典型草甸土H111半水成土H暗半水成土H1草甸土H11典型草甸土H111半水成土H暗半水成土H1草甸土H11典型草甸土H111半水成土H暗半水成土H1草甸土H11典型草甸土H111半水成土H暗半水成土H1草甸土H11典型草甸土H111半水成土H暗半水成土H1草甸土H11典型草甸土H111半水成土H暗半水成土H1草甸土H11石灰性草甸土H112半水成土H暗半水成土H1草甸土H11石灰性草甸土H112半水成土H暗半水成土H1草甸土H11石灰性草甸土H112半水成土H暗半水成土H1草甸土H11石灰性草甸土H112半水成土H暗半水成土H1草甸土H11石灰性草甸土H112半水成土H暗半水成土H1草甸土H11石灰性草甸土H112半水成土H暗半水成土H1草甸土H11石灰性草甸土H112半水成土H暗半水成土H1草甸土H11盐化草甸土H115半水成土H暗半水成土H1草甸土H11盐化草甸土H115半水成土H暗半水成土H1草甸土H11盐化草甸土H115半水成土H暗半水成土H1草甸土H11盐化草甸土H115半水成土H淡半水成土H2潮土H21典型潮土H211半水成土H淡半水成土H2潮土H21典型潮土H211半水成土H淡半水成土H2潮土H21典型潮土H211半水成土H淡半水成土H2潮土H21典型潮土H211半水成土H淡半水成土H2潮土H21典型潮土H211半水成土H淡半水成土H2潮土H21典型潮土H211半水成土H淡半水成土H2潮土H21典型潮土H211半水成土H淡半水成土H2潮土H21典型潮土H211半水成土H淡半水成土H2潮土H21典型潮土H211半水成土H淡半水成土H2潮土H21盐化潮土H215半水成土H淡半水成土H2潮土H21盐化潮土H215半水成土H淡半水成土H2潮土H21碱化潮土H216半水成土H淡半水成土H2潮土H21碱化潮土H216H243半水成土H淡半水成土H2山地草甸土H24山地灌丛草甸土水成土J矿质水成土J1沼泽土J11典型沼泽土J111水成土J矿质水成土J1沼泽土J11腐泥沼泽土J112水成土J矿质水成土J1沼泽土J11泥炭沼泽土J113水成土J矿质水成土J1沼泽土J11草甸沼泽土J114水成土J矿质水成土J1沼泽土J11盐化沼泽土J115水成土J矿质水成土J1沼泽土J11盐化沼泽土J115水成土J矿质水成土J1沼泽土J11盐化沼泽土J115水成土J有机水成土J2泥炭土J21低位泥炭土J211水成土J有机水成土J2泥炭土J21低位泥炭土J211盐碱土K盐土K1草甸盐土K11典型草甸盐土K111盐碱土K盐土K1滨海盐土K12典型滨海盐土K121盐碱土K盐土K1滨海盐土K12滨海沼泽盐土K122盐碱土K盐土K1滨海盐土K12滨海潮滩盐土K123盐碱土K碱土K2碱土K20盐化碱土K204人为土L人为水成土L1水稻土L11淹育水稻土L112人为土L人为水成土L1水稻土L11淹育水稻土L112人为土L人为水成土L1水稻土L11淹育水稻土L112人为土L人为水成土L1水稻土L11淹育水稻土L112人为土L人为水成土L1水稻土L11潜育水稻土L114人为土L人为水成土L1水稻土L11盐渍水稻土L117人为土L人为水成土L1水稻土L11盐渍水稻土L117人为土L人为水成土L1水稻土L11盐渍水稻土L117人为土L人为水成土L1水稻土L11盐渍水稻土L117人为土L人为水成土L1水稻土L11盐渍水稻土L117土属名称土属代码土种名称土种代码所在省份黄土质棕壤B21111老黄土B2111113辽宁黄土质棕壤B21111板棕黄土B2111114辽宁黄土质棕壤B21111粘棕黄土B2111115辽宁黄土质棕壤B21111灰棕黄土B2111116辽宁黄土质棕壤B21111乌棕黄土B2111117辽宁黄土质棕壤B21111黄蒜瓣土B2111118辽宁泥砂质棕壤B21112棕砾黄土B2111212辽宁泥砂质棕壤B21112乌棕砾黄土B2111213辽宁泥砂质棕壤B21112棕砂黄土B2111214辽宁泥砂质棕壤B21112棕粘黄土B2111215辽宁泥砂质棕壤B21112坡棕黄土B2111216辽宁暗泥质棕壤B21113新宾暗黄土B2111311辽宁暗泥质棕壤B21113暗灰黄土B2111312辽宁麻砂质棕壤B21114山麻黄土B2111414辽宁麻砂质棕壤B21114山麻砂黄土B2111415辽宁麻砂质棕壤B21114山灰黄土B2111416辽宁麻砂质棕壤B21114山酸黄土B2111417辽宁麻砂质棕壤B21114乌酸黄土B2111418辽宁硅质棕壤B21115砾黄土B2111511辽宁泥质棕壤B21117片黄土B2111711辽宁黄土质白浆化棕壤B21211白馅棕黄土B2121111辽宁黄土质白浆化棕壤B21211粘白馅棕黄土B2121112辽宁黄土质白浆化棕壤B21211粉白馅棕黄土B2121113辽宁黄土质白浆化棕壤B21211深位淌白土B2121114辽宁黄土质白浆化棕壤B21211中位淌白土B2121115辽宁黄土质潮棕壤B21311潮棕黄土B2131111辽宁黄土质潮棕壤B21311油潮棕黄土B2131112辽宁黄土质潮棕壤B21311油棕黄土B2131113辽宁黄土质潮棕壤B21311粘潮棕黄土B2131114辽宁黄土质潮棕壤B21311板潮棕黄土B2131115辽宁黄土质潮棕壤B21311灰板潮棕黄土B2131116辽宁黄土质潮棕壤B21311粘山根土B2131117辽宁泥砂质潮棕壤B21312山根土B2131212辽宁泥砂质潮棕壤B21312灰山根土B2131213辽宁泥砂质潮棕壤B21312潮山根土B2131214辽宁泥砂质潮棕壤B21312砂山根土B2131215辽宁泥砂质潮棕壤B21312腰砂山根土B2131216辽宁泥砂质潮棕壤B21312砾山根土B2131217辽宁泥砂质潮棕壤B21312底黑山根土B2131218辽宁麻砂质棕壤性土B21412棕山砂土B2141211辽宁麻砂质棕壤性土B21412乌棕山砂土B2141212辽宁麻砂质棕壤性土B21412灰棕山砂土B2141213辽宁硅质棕壤性土B21413棕砾砂土B2141311辽宁泥质棕壤性土B21414棕片砂土B2141411辽宁泥质棕壤性土B21414乌棕片砂土B2141412辽宁麻砂质暗棕壤B31113岗山暗麻砂土B3111312辽宁黄土质褐土C21111北票褐黄土C2111116辽宁黄土质褐土C21111薄坡褐黄土C2111117辽宁灰泥质褐土C21113灰黄土C2111311辽宁灰泥质褐土C21113薄灰黄土C2111312辽宁黄土质石灰性褐土C21211北票黄白土C2121119辽宁黄土质石灰性褐土C21211老黄白土C2121121辽宁黄土质石灰性褐土C21211薄黄白土C2121122辽宁黄土质石灰性褐土C21211砂黄白土C2121123辽宁黄土质石灰性褐土C21211坡黄白土C2121124辽宁黄土质石灰性褐土C21211老坡黄白土C2121125辽宁黄土质石灰性褐土C21211薄坡黄白土C2121126辽宁黄土质淋溶褐土C21311凌源老褐黄土C2131113辽宁黄土质淋溶褐土C21311薄老褐黄土C2131114辽宁黄土质淋溶褐土C21311砾坡黄土C2131115辽宁黄土质淋溶褐土C21311薄砾坡黄土C2131116辽宁黄土质淋溶褐土C21311老粘黄土C2131117辽宁黄土质潮褐土C21411潮褐黄土C2141111辽宁黄土质潮褐土C21411油潮褐黄土C2141112辽宁黄土质潮褐土C21411老潮黄土C2141113辽宁泥砂质潮褐土C21412坡淤土C2141219辽宁黄土质褐土性土C21711坡褐黄土C2171113辽宁暗泥质褐土性土C21713糟石土C2171311辽宁暗泥质褐土性土C21713厚糟石土C2171312辽宁暗泥质褐土性土C21713薄糟石土C2171313辽宁灰泥质褐土性土C21715薄钙石土C2171511辽宁灰泥质褐土性土C21715中钙石土C2171512辽宁黄土质黑土C32111黄黑土C3211112辽宁黄土质黑土C32111暗黄黑土C3211113辽宁典型红粘土G12100大连红土G1210014辽宁典型红粘土G12100粘红土G1210015辽宁典型红粘土G12100薄红土G1210016辽宁积钙红粘土G12200粘钙红土G1220012辽宁冲积砂土G13213砂滩土G1321311辽宁石灰性冲积砂土G13215火性砂滩土G1321514辽宁草原固定风沙土G15211丘沙土G1521112辽宁草原固定风沙土G15211荒丘沙土G1521113辽宁草原固定风沙土G15211灰丘沙土G1521114辽宁草原半固定风沙土G15212包沙土G1521212辽宁草甸固定风沙土G15311灰留沙土G1531112辽宁草甸固定风沙土G15311泥底留沙土G1531113辽宁草甸固定风沙土G15311厚留沙土G1531114辽宁草甸半固定风沙土G15312半溜沙土G1531212辽宁暗火山灰土G22200暗焦砾土G2220011辽宁麻砂质中性粗骨土G25212粗石土G2521211辽宁泥质中性粗骨土G25214片石土G2521411辽宁灰泥质钙质粗骨土G25311灰砾土G2531111辽宁麻砂质中性石质土G26211石硷土G2621111辽宁硅质中性石质土G26212砾石土G2621211辽宁灰泥质钙质石质土G26311北票灰石土G2631113辽宁草甸砂土H11111甸砂土H1111112辽宁草甸砂土H11111底泥甸砂土H1111113辽宁草甸砂土H11111腰泥甸砂土H1111114辽宁草甸砂土H11111荒甸砂土H1111115辽宁草甸砂土H11111油砂甸土H1111116辽宁草甸壤土H11112漏甸淤土H1111212辽宁草甸壤土H11112黑甸淤土H1111213辽宁草甸壤土H11112油黑甸淤土H1111214辽宁草甸壤土H11112泥甸淤土H1111215辽宁草甸壤土H11112油粘甸淤土H1111216辽宁草甸壤土H11112油甸土H1111217辽宁草甸壤土H11112腰砂甸淤土H1111218辽宁草甸粘土H11113粘甸淤土H1111312辽宁草甸粘土H11113暗粘甸淤土H1111313辽宁草甸粘土H11113油粘甸土H1111314辽宁石灰性草甸壤土H11212火性甸淤土H1121212辽宁石灰性草甸壤土H11212火性漏甸淤土H1121213辽宁石灰性草甸壤土H11212火性腰砂甸淤土H1121214辽宁石灰性草甸壤土H11212火性油甸土H1121215辽宁石灰性草甸粘土H11213火性黑粘淤土H1121311辽宁石灰性草甸粘土H11213火性暗粘淤土H1121312辽宁石灰性草甸粘土H11213火性粘甸淤土H1121313辽宁氯化物草甸土H11511中盐甸土H1151111辽宁氯化物草甸土H11511轻盐甸土H1151112辽宁氯化物草甸土H11511重盐甸土H1151113辽宁硫酸盐草甸土H11512轻卤甸土H1151211辽宁石灰性潮砂土H21114兴城潮砂土H2111412辽宁石灰性潮砂土H21114底泥潮砂土H2111413辽宁石灰性潮壤土H21115建平潮淤土H2111518辽宁石灰性潮壤土H21115油潮淤土H2111519辽宁石灰性潮壤土H21115底砂潮淤土H2111521辽宁石灰性潮壤土H21115夹砂淤土H2111522辽宁石灰性潮壤土H21115底砂淤土H2111523辽宁石灰性潮壤土H21115腰砂潮淤土H2111524辽宁石灰性潮粘土H21116兴城潮粘土H2111612辽宁氯化物潮土H21511盐潮淤土H2151115辽宁硫酸盐潮土H21512青盐潮淤土H2151214辽宁碱潮壤土H21612轻碱潮土H2161212辽宁碱潮壤土H21612重碱潮土H2161213辽宁山地灌丛草甸壤土H24312灌山甸土H2431211辽宁典型沼泽土J11100洼泥土J1110012辽宁腐泥沼泽土J11200火性洼泥土J1120011辽宁泥炭沼泽土J11300清原洼炭土J1130011辽宁草甸沼泽土J11400岫岩洼甸土J1140014辽宁盐化沼泽土J11500卤洼土J1150011辽宁盐化沼泽土J11500轻卤洼土J1150012辽宁盐化沼泽土J11500重卤洼土J1150013辽宁埋藏草炭土J21111埋炭土J2111111辽宁草炭土J21112新金草炭土J2111211辽宁氯化物草甸盐土K11111甸盐土K1111113辽宁滨海泥盐土K12112海滩土K1211211辽宁滨海沼泽盐土K12200海涝洼土K1220011辽宁涂泥盐土K12312锦县潮滩土K1231213辽宁苏打盐化碱土K20413白卤碱土K2041311辽宁浅潮泥田L11211黑淤田L1121122辽宁浅潮泥田L11211粘淤田L1121123辽宁浅潮泥田L11211河淤田L1121124辽宁浅黄土田L11229黄土田L1122914辽宁青潮泥田L11411洼甸田L1141113辽宁氯化物涂泥田L11712水碱粘田L1171212辽宁氯化物涂泥田L11712轻水碱粘田L1171213辽宁氯化物涂泥田L11712轻水碱田L1171214辽宁硫酸盐泥砂田L11713青碱粘田L1171311辽宁硫酸盐泥砂田L11713青碱田L1171312辽宁。

沸沸扬扬金银花同学们，好，每逢流感来袭时，老百姓都传，“流感中不只有奥司他韦,还有苏叶金银花。

”PPT1今天我们就学习下这位抗流感的卫士-—金银花。

PPT2我们先来看个记载：《老学庵笔记》载：“予族子相，少服菟丝子，凡数年，饮食倍常，血气充盛，忽因浴，去背垢者告以背肿。

急視之，随视随长，赤焮(xin)异常，盖大疽也。

适四五月间，金银藤开花时，乃大取，依《良方》所载法饮之，两日至数斤，背肿消尽。

昂按：此人或感他毒，未可尽归咎于菟丝也。

这段描述里，金银花为什么能治疗热毒炽（chi）盛的背部痈疽？让我们带着这个问题来一起认识下金银花。

PPT3现金银花为忍冬科植物忍冬花蕾或带初开的花。

PPT4金银花中国大部分地区均产，主产于河南、山东等地。

山东产量最大，习称为“东银花”，河南所产习称“密银花”，品质均好。

夏初花开放前采摘。

PPT5《本草纲目》曰：“花初开者，蕊、瓣俱色白，经二三日，则色变黄，新旧相参，黄白相印，故呼金银花。

”PPT6所以金银花也被称为“双花、二宝花、忍冬花”等多种名称。

金银花以气清香、花蕾初开、完整、色黄白、肥大者为佳。

PPT7多阴干生用或炒炭、或制成露剂使用。

PPT8金银花有什么味道呢？气味芳香，味甘性寒，清热而不伤正。

归肺、心、胃经。

我们知道，气分热盛，以脏腑肺、胃热盛明显，金银花入肺、胃经，能清肺、胃热，所以也能清气分热。

PPT9《素问》有“诸痛痒疮、皆属于心”，心火盛，易致疮痈肿毒，金银花性寒能清心火治疮痈，所以金银花第一个功效清热解毒。

PPT10金银花甘润寒清，入心经，善于清心火以解热毒、散痈肿，是治疗热毒所致的一切痈疮疔疖的要药。

所以陈士铎在《洞天奥旨》对金银花赞赏有加：“疮疡一门，舍此味无第二品也。

”那金银花为什么能成为治疗痈疮的要药呢？PPT11首先，金银花对于疮痈疔疖各个阶段都可应用，内服外敷均可。

常配清热解毒连翘、天花粉等同用。

PPT12治疮痈初起，红肿热痛时，可用金银花止痛；疮痈中期，脓成未溃，可用金花帮助破溃；疮疡溃脓可以用金银花消肿排脓，疮疡收口可以用金银花起陷。

Datasheet•Compact bimodal to IO-Link device converter that connects discrete inputs and sends the value to the IO-Link Master•Enables additional logic functions such as delays, totalizer, count, EPM, duration, and mirroring•Outputs a discrete value as received from IO-Link Master Process Data Out •Discrete input/output can be independently configured as NPN or PNP •Rugged over-molded design meets IP65, IP67, and IP68•Connects directly to a sensor or anywhere in-line for ease of use•S15C IO-Link converters are a quick, easy, and economical way to integrate non-IO-Link devices into an IO-Link systemModelsHousingFemaleFunctionConfigurationFor more information, see P/N 220757 S15C-B21-KQ IO-Link Data Reference Guide and P/N 220758 S15C-B21-KQ IODD Files .Figure 1. Logic FlowProcess Data InMeasurement Statistics Mirroring - Discrete 2 Output• Discrete 1 and 2 Input State (active/inactive)• Selected Measurements [0]..[3]Process Data In• Discrete 2 Output State (active/inactive)• Discrete 1 Input State (active/inactive)• Selected Measurements [0]..[3]• Count • RPM • Duration• Port/Channel selected state driven to Pin 2 (F)Process Data Out - Discrete 2 Output• Process Data Out selected state driven to Pin 2 (F)Host Mirroring - Discrete Host Out• Port/Channel selected state driven to Pin 2 (M)Table 1: Measurements – Female PinsS15C Bimodal Discrete to IO-Link Device ConverterOriginal Document 220754 Rev. A21 July 2021220754Table 2: Pin Configuration – Female InputTable 3: Pin Configuration – Male Output IO-Link ®IO-Link ® is a point-to-point communication link between a master device and a sensor and/or light. It can be used to automatically parameterize sensors or lights and to transmit process data. For the latest IO-Link protocol and specifications, please visit .For the latest IODD files, please refer to the Banner Engineering Corp website at: .Wiring DiagramsBimodal Discrete (NPN or PNP)Input:IO-LinkOutput: - Tel: + 1 888 373 6767P/N 220754 Rev. A18 V DC to 30 V DCIO-Link GroundGroundDiscrete 1 (IN)18 V DC to 30 V DC Discrete 2 (IN/OUT)Discrete Host Out (Optional - OUT)Input:Output:Status IndicatorsPower LED Indicator (Green)•Solid Green = Power On •Off = Power OffIO-Link Communication LED Indicator (Amber)•Flashing Amber (900 ms On, 100 ms Off) = IO-Link communications are active •Off = IO-Link communications are not present Discrete LED Indicator (Amber)•Solid Amber = Discrete OUT is active •Off = Discrete OUT is inactiveSpecificationsSupply Voltage18 V DC to 30 V DC at 50 mA maximum Supply Protection CircuitryProtected against reverse polarity and transient voltages Leakage Current Immunity 400 µADiscrete Output RatingsOFF-state leakage current:NPN: 300 µA PNP: 10 µAON-state saturation voltage:NPN: 2 V at 50 mA PNP: 2 V at 50 mAIndicatorsGreen powerAmber IO-Link communications Amber Discrete OUT active ConnectionsIntegral male/female 4-pin M12 quick disconnect ConstructionCoupling Material: Nickel-plated brass Connector Body: PVC translucent black Vibration and Mechanical ShockMeets IEC 60068-2-6 requirements (Vibration: 10 Hz to 55 Hz, 0.5 mm amplitude, 5minutes sweep, 30 minutes dwell)Meets IEC 60068-2-27 requirements (Shock: 15G 11 ms duration, half sine wave)CertificationsEnvironmental Rating IP65, IP67, IP68NEMA/UL Type 1Operating ConditionsTemperature: –40 °C to +70 °C (–40 °F to +158 °F)90% at +70 °C maximum relative humidity (non-condensing)Storage Temperature: –40 °C to +80 °C (–40 °F to +176 °F)Required Overcurrent ProtectionWARNING: Electrical connections must be made by qualified personnel in accordance with local and national electrical codes and regulations.Overcurrent protection is required to be provided by end product application per the supplied table.Overcurrent protection may be provided with external fusing or via Current Limiting,Class 2 Power Supply.Supply wiring leads < 24 AWG shall not be spliced.For additional product support, go to .DimensionsAll measurements are listed in millimeters [inches], unless noted otherwise.M12 X 1 - 6gM12 X 1 - 6HP/N 220754 Rev. A - Tel: + 1 888 373 67673AccessoriesCordsetsBanner Engineering Corp Limited WarrantyBanner Engineering Corp. warrants its products to be free from defects in material and workmanship for one year following the date of shipment. Banner Engineering Corp. will repair or replace, free of charge, any product of its manufacture which, at the time it is returned to the factory, is found to have been defective during the warranty period. This warranty does not cover damage or liability for misuse, abuse, or the improper application or installation of the Banner product.THIS LIMITED WARRANTY IS EXCLUSIVE AND IN LIEU OF ALL OTHER WARRANTIES WHETHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED (INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE), AND WHETHER ARISING UNDER COURSE OF PERFORMANCE, COURSE OF DEALING OR TRADE USAGE.This Warranty is exclusive and limited to repair or, at the discretion of Banner Engineering Corp., replacement. IN NO EVENT SHALL BANNER ENGINEERING CORP. BE LIABLE TO BUYER OR ANY OTHER PERSON OR ENTITY FOR ANY EXTRA COSTS, EXPENSES, LOSSES, LOSS OF PROFITS, OR ANY INCIDENTAL, CONSEQUENTIAL OR SPECIAL DAMAGES RESULTING FROM ANY PRODUCT DEFECT OR FROM THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PRODUCT, WHETHER ARISING IN CONTRACT OR WARRANTY, STATUTE, TORT, STRICT LIABILITY, NEGLIGENCE, OR OTHERWISE.Banner Engineering Corp. reserves the right to change, modify or improve the design of the product without assuming any obligations or liabilities relating to any product previously manufactured by Banner Engineering Corp. Any misuse, abuse, or improper application or installation of this product or use of the product for personal protection applications when the product is identified as not intended for such purposes will void the product warranty. Any modifications to this product without prior express approval by Banner Engineering Corp will void the product warranties. All specifications published in this document are subject to change; Banner reserves the right to modify product specifications or update documentation at any time. Specifications and product information in English supersede that which is provided in any other language. For the most recent version of any documentation, refer to: .For patent information, see /patents.FCC Part 15 and CAN ICES-3 (B)/NMB-3(B)This device complies with part 15 of the FCC Rules and CAN ICES-3 (B)/NMB-3(B). Operation is subject to the following two conditions:1.This device may not cause harmful interference, and2.This device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation.This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to part 15 of the FCC Rules and CAN ICES-3 (B)/NMB-3(B). These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation. This equipment generates, uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures:•Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.•Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver.•Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected.•Consult the manufacturer.© Banner Engineering Corp. All rights reserved。

b21与b2的区别
1、装载量：
b21虽然尺寸小于b2，但就其载弹量来看，应该不会少太多，b2的有效载荷可以达到23吨，b21略小，但估计也应该在15～18吨之间，远超我国目前轰6K的9吨载弹量。

而且b21应该同b2相同，机腹内有两个旋转弹架，能携带用于远程打击的巡航导弹和装载核弹。

2、远程：
b2作战航程可达1.2万千米，空中加油后航程可达1.8万千米，这就是老美所谓的全球到达和全球摧毁能力。

秉承一贯尿性的b21在这方面应该是有过之而无不及，一方面应该得益于它更优化的气动外形，可以最大程度的减少空气的阻力，另一方面也得益于老美日益成熟的发动机技术，毕竟b2是冷战时期的产物，所以有理由相信b21的作战航程应该是强于前辈的，经空中加油后更甚。

3、速度：
b2只能进行亚音速巡航，即最大速度0.95马赫，这在世界各国主流战略轰炸机中是比较差劲的，老美自己的b1可以达到1.25马赫的最大飞行速度，俄罗斯的可以达到2.05马赫，逆火则可以达到2.3马赫。

根据当前公开资料显示b21可以超音速巡航，那么表示它的最大飞行速度应该在1.2马赫到5.0马赫之
间，根据b21航程可能还比b2远测算，b21的最大飞行速度很可能在2马赫～2.5马赫之间。

Designation:B21/B21M–06Standard Specification forNaval Brass Rod,Bar,and Shapes1This standard is issued under thefixed designation B21/B21M;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon(´)indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope*1.1This specification establishes the requirements for naval brass rod,bar,and shapes produced from Copper Alloy UNS Nos.C46200,C46400,C47940,C48200,or C48500.1.1.1For piston-finish rod or shafting refer to the Other Requirements Section.1.1.2For hot forging material,refer to Specification B124/ B124M.1.2Units—The values stated in inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard.Within the text,SI units are shown in brackets.The values in each system are not exact equivalents;therefore,each system shall be used inde-pendently of the bining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the specification.1.3Warning—Mercury is a definite health hazard in use and disposal(see Performance Requirements).1.4This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1ASTM Standards:2B124/B124M Specification for Copper and Copper Alloy Forging Rod,Bar,and ShapesB154Test Method for Mercurous Nitrate Test for Copper AlloysB249/B249M Specification for General Requirements for Wrought Copper and Copper-Alloy Rod,Bar,Shapes and ForgingsB601Classification for Temper Designations for Copper and Copper Alloys—Wrought and CastB858Test Method for Ammonia Vapor Test for Determin-ing Susceptibility to Stress Corrosion Cracking in Copper AlloysE8Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials E8M Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materi-als[Metric]3E18Test Methods for Rockwell Hardness of Metallic Ma-terialsE478Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Copper Alloys3.General Requirements3.1The following sections of Specification B249/B249M constitute a part of this specification:3.1.1Terminology,3.1.2Materials and Manufacture,3.1.3Workmanship,Finish,and Appearance,3.1.4Sampling,3.1.5Number of Tests and Retests,3.1.6Specimen Preparation,3.1.7Test Methods,3.1.8Significance of Numerical Limits,3.1.9Inspection,3.1.10Rejection and Rehearing,3.1.11Certification,3.1.12Mill Test Report,3.1.13Packaging and Product Marking,and3.1.14Supplementary Requirements.3.2In addition,when a section with a title identical to that referenced in 3.1,above,appears in this specification,it contains additional requirements which supplement those ap-pearing in Specification B249/B249M.4.Ordering Information4.1Include the following information when placing orders for product under this specification,as applicable:4.1.1ASTM designation and year of issue,4.1.2Copper Alloy UNS No.designation(Scope),4.1.3Temper(Temper Section and related Tables),4.1.4Form—cross-section such as round,hexagonal, square,and so forth,1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B05on Copper and Copper Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee B05.02on Rod, Bar,Wire,Shapes and Forgings.Current edition approved Feb.1,2006.Published February2006.Originally approved st previous edition approved in2001as B21/B21M–01´1. DOI:10.1520/B0021_B0021M-06.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,,or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3Withdrawn.The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on .*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard. Copyright©ASTM International,100Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA19428-2959,United States.4.1.5Diameter or distance between parallel surfaces,width and thickness (Dimensions and Permissible Variations),4.1.6Length (Dimensions and Permissible Variations),4.1.7Edge contours (Dimensions and Permissible Varia-tions),4.1.8Quantity—number of pieces or total weight,for each size and form,and4.1.9When product is specified for agencies of the ernment (Other Requirements—Purchases for -ernment).4.2The following are options available under this specifi-cation and are to be specified in the contract or purchase order when required:4.2.1Tensile test for product 1⁄2in.[12mm]and over,for the alloys and tempers listed in Table 4.4.2.2Residual stress test (Performance Requirements sec-tion),4.2.3Piston finish rod or shafting (Other Requirements section),4.2.4Certification (Specification B249/B249M ),4.2.5Mill test report (Specification B249/B249M ),and 4.2.6Heat identification or traceability details (Specifica-tion B249/B249M ).5.Chemical Composition5.1The material shall conform to the chemical composition requirements specified in Table 1for the Copper Alloy UNS No.designation specified in the ordering information.5.2These composition limits do not preclude the presence of other elements.Limits may be established and analysis required for unnamed elements by agreement between the manufacturer or supplier,and purchaser.5.3For copper alloys in which zinc is listed as the “remain-der,”either copper or zinc may be taken as the difference between the sum of results of all elements determined and 100%.When copper is so determined,that difference value shall conform to the requirements given in Table 1.5.4When all elements listed in Table 1for the Copper Alloy UNS No.specified in the ordering information are determined,the sum of results shall be 99.6%minimum.6.Temper6.1The standard tempers for products described in this specification,as defined in Classification B601,are shown in Tables 2and 3.7.Mechanical Property Requirements7.1Product furnished under this specification shall conform to the mechanical property requirements prescribed in Tables 2-4.7.1.1Rockwell Hardness Requirements —For the alloys and tempers listed,the product 1⁄2in.[12mm]and over in diameter or distance between parallel surfaces should conform with the requirements prescribed in Table 4,when tested in accordance with Test Methods E18.7.1.1.1For the alloys,tempers,and sizes listed in Table 4,Rockwell hardness may be used as the basis of acceptance or rejection for mechanical properties except when the tensile test is specified in the contract or purchase order.7.1.1.2Hardness test results outside the ranges of Table 4shall not be cause for rejection if the tensile property require-ments of Tables 2and 3are met.7.1.2Tensile Strength Requirements —The product shall conform with the requirements of Tables 2and 3,when tested in accordance with Test Methods E8and E8M .8.Performance Requirements8.1Residual Stress Test :8.1.1When specified in the contract or purchase order,the product shall be tested for residual stress according to the requirements of Test Method B154or Test Method B858and show no signs of cracking.8.1.2Unless otherwise agreed upon between the manufac-turer,or supplier,and the purchaser,the manufacturer shall have the option of using either the mercurous nitrate test or the ammonia vapor test.When the ammonia vapor test is used,the test pH value shall be 10unless otherwise specified by the purchaser.(Warning—Mercury is a definite health hazard.With the mercurous nitrate test,equipment for the detection and removal of mercury vapor produced in volatilization and the use of protective gloves is recommended.)N OTE 1—A residual stress test provides information about the adequacy of the stress relief of the material.Bar straightening is a method of mechanical stress relief.Stress relief annealing is a method of thermal stress relief.9.Other Requirements9.1Piston-Finish Rod and Shafting :9.1.1When so specified in the contract or order,round rods over 1⁄2-in.[12mm]diameter shall be furnished as piston-finish rods or shafting.9.1.2Piston-finish rods shall have a special surface pro-duced by turning or grinding and shall comply with the special diameter tolerances specified in Piston-Finish Rod Section under Dimensions and Permissible Variations.9.1.3The straightness tolerances for piston-finish rod are subject to agreement between the manufacturer or supplier and the purchaser.9.2Purchases for ernment :9.2.1Product purchased for agencies of the ern-ment shall conform to the additional requirements prescribed in the Supplementary Requirements section of Specification B249/B249M .TABLE 1Chemical RequirementsElement,%Copper Alloy UNS No.C46200C46400C47940C48200C48500Copper 62.0–65.059.0–62.063.0–66.059.0–62.059.0–62.0Tin 0.50–1.00.50–1.0 1.2–2.00.50–1.00.50–1.0Lead 0.20max 0.20max 1.0–2.00.40–1.0 1.3–2.2Zinc remainder remainder remainder remainder remainder Iron 0.10max 0.10max 0.10–1.00.10max 0.10max Nickel A......0.10–0.50......AIncludingcobalt.TABLE 2Tensile Requirements,inch-poundTemper DesignationDiameter or Distance BetweenParallel A Surfaces,in.Tensile Strength,min,ksiYield Strength at0.5%Extension Under Load,min,ksiElongation in 43Diameter or Thickness of Specimen,min,%BCodeNameCopper Alloy UNS No.C46200M30as-hot extruded all forms,all sizes502030O60soft anneal rods and bars,all sizes 481630O50light annealrods and bars:0.500and under582722over 0.500to 1.000,incl 562725over 1.000to 2.000,incl 542625over 2.000to 3.000,incl 522527over 3.000to 4.000,incl 502230over 4.000502030H60cold heading,forming rods,all sizes 481822H02half-hardrods and bars:0.500and under582722over 0.500to 1.000,incl 562725over 1.000to 2.000,incl 542625over 2.000to 3.000,incl 522527over 3.000to 4.000,incl 502230over 4.000502030H04hardrods and bars:0.500and under644013over 0.500to 1.000,incl 623813over 1.000to 2.000,incl583418Copper Alloy UNS No.C46400M30as-hot extruded all forms,all sizes 522030O60soft annealrods and bars:1.000and under 542030over 1.000to 2.000,incl522030over 2.000502030shapes,all sizes 522030O50light annealrods and bars:0.500and under 602722over 0.500to 1.000,incl 602725over 1.000to 2.000,incl 582625over 2.000to 3.000,incl 542525over 3.000to 4.000,incl542227over 4.000542230H50C extruded and drawn C shapes,all sizes 582520H02half-hardrods and bars:0.500and under 602722over 0.500to 1.000,incl 602725over 1.000to 2.000,incl 582625over 2.000to 3.000,incl 542525over 3.000to 4.000,incl542227over 4.000542230H04hardrods and bars:1.000and under 674513over 1.000to 2.000,incl623718Copper Alloy UNS No.C47940M30as-hot extruded all forms,all sizes502030O60soft anneal rods and bars,all sizes 482030O50light annealrods and bars:0.500and under583018over 0.500to 1.000,incl 563020over 1.000to 2.0,incl 542522over 2.000502525H50C extruded and drawn C shapes,all sizes 562520H02half-hardrods and bars:0.500and under583018over 0.500to 1.000,incl 563020over 1.000to 2.000,incl 542522over 2.000502525H04hardrods and bars:0.500and under705510over 0.500to 1.000,incl 655213over 1.000to 2.000,incl624515Copper Alloy UNS No.C4820010.Dimensions and Permissible Variations10.1The dimensions and tolerances for product covered by this specification shall be as specified in the current edition of Specification B249/B249M ,with particular reference to the following Tables and related paragraphs in that specification:10.2Diameter or Distance Between Parallel Surfaces :10.2.1Rod:Round,Hexagonal,Octagonal —See Table 1.10.2.2Rod,M30(As-Hot Extruded)—See Table 4.10.2.3Piston-Finish Rod —See Table 3.10.2.4Bar:Rectangular and Square —See Tables 8and 10.10.2.5Bar,M30(As-Hot Extruded)—See Table 4.10.3Shapes —The dimensional tolerances for shapes shall be as agreed upon by the manufacturer or supplier and the purchaser,and shall be specified in the order.10.4Length of Rod,Bar,and Shapes —See Tables 13and 14.10.5Straightness :10.5.1Rod and Bar —See Table 16.10.5.2Shafting Rod —See Table 17.10.5.3M30(As-Hot Extruded)—Rod,bar,and shapes shall be commercially straight.10.6Edge Contours —See Edge Contours Section.11.Specimen Preparation11.1In the tension test all material shall be pulled in full size when practicable.Full-size or machined test specimens shall be as specified in the Test Specimen Section of Test Methods E8and E8M .Whenever tension test results areTABLE 2ContinuedTemper DesignationDiameter or Distance BetweenParallel A Surfaces,in.Tensile Strength,min,ksiYield Strength at0.5%Extension Under Load,min,ksiElongation in 43Diameter or Thickness of Specimen,min,%BCode NameM30as-hot extruded all forms,all sizes 522025O60soft annealrods and bars:1.000and under 542025over 1.000to 2.000,incl522025over 2.000502025shapes,all sizes 522025O50light annealrods and bars:1.000and under 602718over 1.000to 2.000,incl 582620over 2.000to 3.000,incl 542520over 3.000to 4.000,incl542220over 4.000542225H50C extruded and drawn C shapes,all sizes 582515H02half-hardrods and bars:1.000and under 602718over 1.000to 2.000,incl 582620over 2.000to 3.000,incl 542520over 3.000to 4.000,incl542220over 4.000542225H04hardrods and bars:1.000and under 674511over 1.000to 2.000,incl623715Copper Alloy UNS No.C48500M30as-hot extruded all forms,all sizes 522020O60soft annealrods and bars:1.000and under 542020over 1.000to 2.000,incl522020over 2.000502020shapes,all sizes 522020O50light annealrods and bars:1.000and under 602712over 1.000to 2.000,incl 582620over 2.000to 3.000,incl 542520over 3.000to 4.000,incl542220over 4.000542220H50C extruded and drawn C shapes,all sizes 582515H02half-hardrods and bars:1.000and under 602712over 1.000to 2.000,incl 582620over 2.000to 3.000,incl 542520over 3.000to 4.000,incl542220over 4.000542220H04hardrods and bars:1.000and under 674510over 1.000to 2.000,incl623713A For rectangular bar,the Distance Between Parallel Surfaces refers to thickness.BIn any case,a minimum gage length of 1in.shall be used.CThis temper does not apply to hollowshapes.TABLE 3Tensile Requirements,SITemper DesignationDiameter or Distance BetweenParallel A Surfaces,mm Tensile Strength,min,MPaYield Strength at0.5%Extension Under Load,min,MPaElongation in 43Diameter or Thickness of Specimen,min,%BCodeNameCopper Alloy UNS No.C46200M30as-hot extruded all forms,all sizes34514030O60soft anneal rods and bars,all sizes 33011030O50light annealrods and bars:12and under40018522over 12to 25,incl 38518525over 25to 50,incl 37018025over 50to 75,incl 36017027over 75to 100,incl 34515030over 10034514030H60cold heading,forming rods,all sizes 33012522H02half-hardrods and bars:12and under40018522over 12to 25,incl 38518525over 25to 50,incl 37018025over 50to 75,incl 36017027over 75to 100,incl 34515030over 10034514030H04hardrods and bars:12and under44027513over 12to 25,incl 42526013over 25to 50,incl40023518Copper Alloy UNS No.C46400M30as-hot extruded all forms,all sizes 36014030O60soft annealrods and bars:25and under37014030over 25to 50,incl 36014030over 5034514030shapes,all sizes36014030O50light annealrods and bars:12and under41518522over 12to 25,incl 41518525over 25to 50,incl 40018025over 50to 75,incl 37017025over 75to 100,incl 37015027over 10037015030H50C extruded and drawn C shapes,all sizes 40017020H02half-hardrods and bars:12and under41518522over 12to 25,incl 41518525over 25to 50,incl 40018025over 50to 75,incl 37017025over 75to 100,incl 37015027over 10037015030H04hardrods and bars:25and under46031013over 25to 50,incl42525518Copper Alloy UNS No.C47940M30as-hot extruded all forms,all sizes34514030O60soft anneal rods and bars,all sizes 33014030O50light annealrods and bars:12and under40021018over 12to 25,incl 39021020over 25to 50,incl 37517522over 5034517525H50C extruded and drawn C shapes,all sizes 39017520H02half-hardrods and bars:12and under40021018over 12to 25,incl 39021020over 25to 50,incl 37517522over 5034517525H04hardrods and bars:12and under48538010over 12to 25,incl 45036013over 25to 50,incl43031015Copper Alloy UNS No.C48200obtained from both full-size and from machined test specimens and they differ,the results obtained from full-size test speci-mens shall be used to determine conformance to the require-ments of this specification.12.Test Methods12.1Chemical Analysis :12.1.1In cases of disagreement,determine the composition using the following methods:TABLE 3ContinuedTemper DesignationDiameter or Distance BetweenParallel A Surfaces,mmTensile Strength,min,MPa Yield Strength at0.5%Extension Under Load,min,MPaElongation in 43Diameter or Thickness of Specimen,min,%BCode NameM30as-hot extruded all forms,all sizes 36014025O60soft annealrods and bars:25and under37014025over 25to 50,incl 36014025over 5034514025shapes,all sizes36014025O50light annealrods and bars:25and under41518518over 25to 50,incl 40018020over 50to 75,incl 37017020over 75to 100,incl 37015020over 10037015025H50C extruded and drawn C shapes,all sizes 40017015H02half-hardrods and bars:25and under41518518over 25to 50,incl 40018020over 50to 75,incl 37017020over 75to 100,incl 37015020over 10037015025H04hardrods and bars:25and under46031011over 25to 50,incl42525515Copper Alloy UNS No.C48500M30as-hot extruded all forms,all sizes 36014020O60soft annealrods and bars:25and under37014020over 25to 50,incl 36014020over 5034514020shapes,all sizes36014020O50light annealrods and bars:25and under41518512over 25to 50,incl 40018020over 50to 75,incl 37017020over 75to 100,incl 37015020over 10037015020H50C extruded and drawn C shapes,all sizes 40017015H02half-hardrods and bars:25and under41518512over 25to 50,incl 40018020over 50to 75,incl 37017020over 75to 100,incl 37015020over 10037015020H04hardrods and bars:25and under46031010over 25to 50,incl42525513A For rectangular bar,the Distance Between Parallel Surfaces refers to thickness.BIn any case,a minimum gage length of 25mm shall be used.CThis temper does not apply to hollowshapes.Element ASTM Test Method Copper E478Iron E478Lead E478(AA)Nickel E478Tin E478(titrimetric)ZincE478(titrimetric)12.1.2Test method(s)to be followed for the determination of element(s)resulting from contractual or purchase orderagreement shall be agreed upon between the manufacturer or supplier and purchaser.13.Keywords13.1naval brass;naval brass bar;naval brass rod;piston-finish rod;shafting;shapes;UNS No.C46200;UNS No.C46400;UNS No.C47940;UNS No.C48200;UNS No.C48500SUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee B05has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue (B21/B21M –01´1)that may impact the use of this standard.(Approved Feb.1,2006.)(1)Modified the Mechanical Property Requirements section to allow tensile properties to be the acceptance criteria where there is conflict with the hardness results.(2)In the Specimen Preparation section,deleted the require-ments for Residual Stress samples,as they are now contained in Specification B249/B249M .(3)Made editorial amendments in accordance with B05Out-line of Form.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentioned in this ers of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights,and the risk of infringement of such rights,are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years and if not revised,either reapproved or withdrawn.Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standards and should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters.Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical committee,which you may attend.If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you should make your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards,at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International,100Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959,United States.Individual reprints (single or multiple copies)of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the above address or at 610-832-9585(phone),610-832-9555(fax),or service@ (e-mail);or through the ASTM website ().Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (/COPYRIGHT/).TABLE 4Rockwell Hardness RequirementsN OTE 1—Rockwell Hardness Requirements are not established for diameters less than 1⁄2in.[12mm].Copper Alloy UNS No.Temper Designation Diameter or Distance Between Parallel Surfaces A ,Rockwell B Hardness Determined on the Cross Section Midway Between Surfaceand CenterCodeName in.mm C46400H02half-hard 0.500to 1.000,incl 12to 25,incl 60–80over 1.000over 2555–80H04hard 0.500to 1.000,incl 12to 25,incl 70–90over 1.000over 2565–90C48200H02half-hard 0.500to 1.000,incl 12to 25,incl 65–85over 1.000over 2560–85H04hard 0.500to 1.000,incl 12to 25,incl 70–90over 1.000over 2565–90C48500H02half-hard 0.500to 1.000,incl 12to 25,incl 65–85over 1.000over 2560–85H04hard0.500to 1.000,incl12to 25,incl 70–90over 1.000over 2565–90AFor rectangular bar,the Distance Between Parallel Surfaces refers tothickness.。