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短语动词及动词词组单项选择试题汇编

短语动词及动词词组单项选择试题汇编
短语动词及动词词组单项选择试题汇编

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短语动词及动词词组单项选择试题汇编

作者:吴涛

来源:《中学课程辅导·高考版》2017年第08期

英语词汇量大,习惯用语多,所以难记、难学,成为中国学习者的一大难题,需要花大力气,经过长期的努力才能逐步解决。但是掌握一定的规律,应用方法得當,能起到事半功倍的效果。下面介绍一些带有共性的技巧,对短语动词与动词词组的重点和难点进行实例分析,以帮助考生在较短的时间里有效地提高解题技能。英语动词,特别是常用动词如come, go,keep,take等,虽然拼写简单,但掌握其用法是非常不易的事。这不仅在于动词的时态、语态、语气用法复杂,而且在于这些常用词往往都是一词多义,且有大量的习惯用法。这种情况给我们考生掌握短语动词和动词词组以及在单项选择、完形填空、阅读理解、任务型阅读和书面表达中灵活应用带来很大的困难。下面根据短语动词和动词词组的一些特征并结合2014、2015和2016年高考原题讲解,以期给考生一些启发。

一、短语动词

短语动词通常指动词加副词(v.+adv.)、动词加介词(v.+prep.)和动词加副词加介词(v.+adv.+prep.)组成的短语。如:

v.+adv.break down抛锚,出故障

v.+https://www.doczj.com/doc/7914534370.html,e across碰见,巧遇

v.+adv.+prep.put up with容忍,忍受

注:短语动词中的副词如up, down等是由介词转化来的副词。

这种短语结构,有的可以根据其组成部分的意义猜出其词义,如speed up, go after等;有的则不能,如come to, take after, put up with等。后一种短语动词的词义要多下功夫记忆,切不可望文生义而造成理解与翻译上的错误。短语动词由于有固定结构,已凝为一个整体,通常可作为一个独立的词义与语法功能单位来看待,相当于一个单独的实义动词,如arrive at=reach到达;call on=visit拜访;leave out=omit省略;遗漏;look forward to=expect期待等。

1.“动词+副词”构成的短语动词

这种短语动词可分为以下两类:

常见的be动词短语词组

1. be pleased to do 做……感到愉快 2. be pleased/satisfied with 对……满意 3. be excited/crazy about 对……感到兴奋 4. be surprised at 对…… 感到吃惊 5. be amazed at 对……感到惊讶 6. be impressed by 被……感动 7. be interested in 对……感兴趣 8. be anxious about 因……焦虑 9. be worried about 为……感到担忧 10. be shocked at/by 对……感 到震惊 11. be tired of 对……厌烦 12. be fed up with 对…… 极厌烦 13. be embarrassed at 对……尴尬 14. be disappointed in sb.对某人 感到失望 15. be disappointed at sth.对某事感到失望 l6. be filled with=be full of 装满/充满 17. be crowded with 挤满 l8. be covered with 盖满……,掩满 19. be stressed out 有压力的,紧张的 20. be relaxed (about) 觉得放松 21. be dressed in 穿着……衣服 22. be married to sb.和 某人结婚 23. be mad/annoyed at sb生某人的气 24. be terrified of 惧怕 25. be divided into 把……分成 26. be afraid of 害怕27. be allowed to do 被允许做…… 28. be supposed to do应该做/被要求做29. be made from 用……制成的 30. be made in 在某地制造 31. be made of 用……制造的 32. be made by 由……制造 33. be used as (被)当作……来 34. be used in 被用在…… 35. be used by+sb (被)……用 36. be used for doing sth. (被)用来做… 37. be used to do sth. (被)用来做…… 38. be used to doing 习惯于 39. be angry at(about) sth.生某事的气 40. be angry with 生某人的气 41. be far away from 离……很远 42. be near/close to 离……很近 43. be the same as 和……一样 44. be different from 与……不同 45. be away from 从某地离开 46. be blind in the eyes 眼睛失明 47. be weak/poor in 在……弱/差 48. be good at 善于/擅长 49. be careful about/with 当心 50. be carefu1 of 当心某人 51. be good for 对……有益 52. be bad for 对……有害53. be proud of=take pride in 以……自豪 54. be/get lost 迷失(道路) 55. be sure of 对……有把握 56. be sure that 确

初中英语常见动词短语归纳

初中英语常见动词短语归纳A)动词+ 介词 agree with同意......的意见(想法);符合 base on以......(为)根据 listen to听...... get to到达...... fall off (从......)掉下 help ... with ...帮助(某人)做(某事) knock at /on敲(门、窗) laugh at嘲笑 learn ... from ...向......学习 live on继续存在;靠......生活

look after照顾,照看 look at看;观看 look for寻找 look like看起来像 pay for (sth.)付钱;支付 point at指示;指向 point to指向...... prefer to ...宁愿(选择);更喜欢 quarrel with (和某人)吵架 regard ... as ...把......当作......;当作 stop ... from阻止......做...... talk about说话;谈话;谈论

talk with与......交谈 think about考虑 think of认为;想起 B)动词+ 副词 ask for请求;询问 carry on坚持下去;继续下去 cut down砍倒 clean up清除;收拾干净 come down下来;落 come along来;随同 come in进来 come on来吧;跟着来;赶快

come out出来;出现;(花)开;发(芽) come over过来;顺便来访 drop off放下(某物);下车 eat up吃光;吃完 fall behind落在......后面;输给别人 fall down跌倒;从......落下 find out查出(真相) get back回来;取回 get down下来;落下;把......取下来 get off下来;从......下来 get on上(车) get up起床

高考重点词组

英语必备——词组 [agree] 1.sb agree with sb 同意某人的话、意见 例:He ~ with me他同意我的意见 2.sth agree with sb 某物、某事适应某人 例:That hot, damp climate didn't ~ with him他(的身体)不适于那里炎热、潮湿的气候 3.agree on sth在某一点上取得一致意见 例:We ~d on the plan我们对这个计划看法相同 4.agree to do sth 同意干某事 例:We ~d to start early我们同意早点动身 [break] 1.break down身体垮了、恸哭、(化合物等)分解、打破、坏、坍塌 例:He has broken down from overwork他因为工作过度而累垮了 I had never seen a grown man break down and cry 我从未曾看到过一个这么强壮的汉子痛哭失声~ down a door把门打掉 The car broke down on the way汽车在路上抛锚了 The bridge broke down桥塌了 2.break in 闯入、打断、使驯服、开始活动 例:~ a horse in驯马 He broke in with us last year他去年开始和我们一道工作 3.break off 忽然停止讲话、结束、折断、休息一下 例:~ off negotiations中断谈判 He broke off a branch他折断了一根树枝 A branch broke off (the tree)一根树枝折断了 4.break out (战争等)爆发、(疾病)突发 5.break through 打破包围、突围 6.break up 驱散、学校的放假、分裂分解、拆散、(精神)崩溃 例:The police had to employ force to break up the crowd警察不得不使用武力驱散人群 Their marriage broke up他们的婚姻破裂了 ~ up an old car拆开旧车 ~ up a box for firewood拆开一只箱子当柴烧 7.break away from 脱离、改变某种习惯、打破(陈套等) 例: ~ away from conventions打破常规 8.at day break=the break of day破晓 9.break away散开、突然离开、逃脱、摆脱 10.break into破门而入、突然……起来、侵占(某人时间) 例:~ into a house闯入住宅 ~(out)into a loud laugh突然大声笑起来 11.break with与…决裂、破除 例:~ with a bad habit去掉坏习惯 bring 1.bring about =cause、 lead to 例:~ about great changes带来巨大变化 2.bring down 使倒下、使下降 例:~ down the price降价 The pilot brought the plane down gently飞行员使飞机缓缓下落

2018江苏高考英语动词短语总结

江苏高考备考英语动词短语大全 (1)act短语 act as 担任…职务,起…作用 act for 代理(职务),代为(处理) act out 表演(对话、情节等) act up 捣乱,出问题 (2)believe短语 believe in 确信,信任,信仰,主张 believe one's ears 相信所听到的话 make believe 假装(pretend to do sth.) seeing is believing 眼见为实 (3)break短语 break away 摆脱,脱离 break away from …脱离……,奋力挣脱……、打破 break down 出故障,中止,分解、抛锚、破坏,粉碎;瓦解;衰弱,损坏;(健康等)垮掉,累垮;崩溃break in 打断,插话,闯入,强行进入,使顺服 break into …闯入……,破门而入,突然开始,把(sth.)分成 break (sth) off (使某物)折断,中断某事物,突然停止,打断,断绝 break out (战争、火灾)突然发生,爆发,准备使用;起锚 break open 破开,撬开 break short 中断,折断 break out in tears 突然大哭 break the rule(law)违反规定 break one’s promise 失言 break through 突围,冲跨,克服,挤过去 break up vt. 分解,分裂,拆散,碎开,开垦,vi.结束 (4)blow短语 blow about 吹散 blow away 吹走 blow off 吹掉,吹散,吹灭 blow out吹灭,走气 blow up,放大(照片),吹大(气球),爆炸,发脾气 give sb. a heavy blow 给某人以沉重打击 (5)bring短语 bring about 引起,导致,使发生,促使 bring along 把……带来,领来 bring back 拿(送)回来,使恢复,使回忆 bring sth / sb back to life 使……生动/活泼,使……苏醒 bring down 使……降低,减少,使……倒下,使……落下,浓缩,收缩,击落 bring down / up (the price) 降价/提价 bring forth开(花),结(果),发表,宣布,提出 bring forward 提出 bring in 引进(技术),赚钱,带来(收入),吸收 bring into action 使行动起来,使生效 bring into effect/practice 完成,实现,实施,实行 bring into operation 使运转,将...投入bring into (full) play 发挥,调动,利用 bring sb.into touch with...接触,触摸 bring on 发展,引起,导致,使前进,提出(论点) bring out 拿出,公布,出版,生产,揭露,阐明,使表现出 bring off 完成,救出,使成功,搬走 bring to 使……苏醒 bring … to use = put …to use 对……加以利用 bring through 治愈,使度过困难/危险时期 bring / carry sth to / into effect 实施…… bring to light 出现,公布,暴露 bring to mind 使想起,回忆起 bring up 抚养,培养,哺育,使停止 (6)build短语 build ... into 把...建设成,把...装入 build on / upon 建立在...上,依赖,指望 build up 增加,增进,建成,振兴 build up to 增加 (7)以burst为中心的词组 burst forth 爆发,喷出,忽然出现 burst in 闯进,突然出现 burst into 闯进,突然...起来,突然发出 burst into tears / laughter 嚎啕大哭/放声大笑 burst out 迸发,爆发,突然发出,大声叫喊 burst out crying / laughing嚎啕大哭/放声大笑 (8)call短语 call away 叫走,把(注意力)转移开 call at (sp) 访问(某地),拜访(某地),停泊在 call back 回电话 call for 提倡,号召,要求,需要,去接某人,接走某人,迎,取 call / shout for help 呼救 call in 请来,召集,来访,打电话,引入 call off 取消,下令停止 call on / upon 号召 call on (sb) 拜访(某人),访问(某人) call out 大声呼喊,叫喊,唤起 call sb…for short 简称某人…… call sb names 谩骂某人 call up 给……打电话,使人想起,号召,召集 call to mind 使想起,回忆起 pay a call at sp. 访问(某地) pay a call on sb. 拜访(某人) (9)catch短语 be caught in the rain 淋雨 catch /take fire 着火 catch on 挂住,明白,理解,受欢迎 catch one’s word 听懂话 catch out 发觉,抓住某人的错处 catch sight of 发现,瞥见 (10)carry短语

常见动词短语及短语动词及三词词组

高中英语常用动词短语归纳 1.高考高频动词短语 (1)act短语: act as 担任……职务,起……作用act for 代理(某人职务),代为(处理某事)act out 表演(对话、故事等)(2)break短语: break away 摆脱,脱离break away from …脱离……,奋力挣脱…… break down 出故障,坏掉,中止,累垮分解break in 打断,插话,闯入,强行进入break into …闯入…破门而入break (sth) off (使某物)折断,中断某事物,突然停止break out (战争、火灾)突然发生,爆发 break out in tears 突然大哭break the rule 违反规定break through 突围,冲跨break up 分解,分裂,拆散,碎开(3)bring短语: bring about 引起,导致,使发生bring along 把……带来,领来 bring back 拿回来,使恢复bring sb back 送回某人 bring sth / sb back to life 使……生动/活泼,使……苏醒(比较:sth / sb come back to life 复苏,苏醒) bring down 使……降低,减少,使……倒下,使……落下 bring down / up (the price) 降价/提价[比较:(the price ) go down / up 价格下降/上涨] bring in 引进(技术),赚钱,带来(收入),吸收 bring on 发展,引起,导致,使前进bring out 拿出,出版,生产,揭露,阐明,使表现出 bring …to use = put …to use 对……加以利用 bring / carry sth to / into effect 实施……(比较:sth come / go into effect 开始实施)bring up 抚养,培养,哺育 (4)call短语: call at (sp) 访问(某地),拜访(某地) [比较:call on (sb) 拜访(某人),访问(某人) call for 提倡,号召,要求,需要,去接某人,接走某人 call / shout for help 呼救call in 请来,召集,来访,打电话 call off 取消call on / upon 号召 call out 大声呼喊,叫喊call sb names 谩骂某人call up 给……打电话,使人想起,号召 (5)come短语: come about 发生,产生come across 偶然相遇come along 来,随同,进展,加油come at …向……袭击come back 回来,想起来,复活come down 下来,下落,传下come into being 形成,产生 come into use 使用起来come off 脱落,从……离开come on 过来,跟我来,加油,来吧,赶快come on / upon sb / sth 偶然遇见,偶然碰上,偶然发come out 露出,出来,出现,出版,发(芽),(花)开come over to…过来,顺便来访,从一个地方来到另一个地方come round / around (非正式)来访,串门 come to …来到,出现,提及,达到,共计,结果是,苏醒 come to an end 结束,终止come to know 逐渐地知道 come to life (变得)活泼,苏醒过来come to light 显露,为人所知 come to oneself 苏醒过来,恢复知觉come to / into power 当权,上台 come / go to ruin = fall into ruin 变成废墟come to terms with…甘心忍受 come up 被提出,上来,走来,上升,抬头,长出来come up to sb 朝某人走来 come up with …提出,想出(主意),找出(答案),赶上 (6)cut短语: cut away 切除,剪去cut down 砍倒,砍下,削减cut in 插嘴,加塞,插入cut in line 插队 cut …into pieces / halves 把……切成碎片/切成两半 cut off 切断(线路),中断(供应)cut out 删除,剪下来 cut the cost of …降低……的成本cut up 切碎,剪碎,剁碎,齐根切掉 (7)do短语: do about 处理,应付do and don’t 要与不要do a good deed 做一件好事 do a word puzzle 猜字谜do an experiment / experiments 做实验do away with 废除 do make-up 化妆,打扮do observations 观察do sb a favour 帮某人一个忙 do sb honor = do honor to sb 礼遇某人,对某人表示敬意do sb the favour to do sth 帮某人一个忙做某事 do sth in turn / by turns = take turns to do sth / in doing sth 轮流做某事 do the laundry 洗衣服 do up 打扮,梳妆,收拾,把(衣服,鞋子等)扣/系好do up one’s shoes / hair 系好鞋带/梳好头

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二、动词短语、介词短语和其他词组 1)ask for 向……要……,请求 2)ask for leave 请假 3)send for 派人去请(叫) 4)pay for 付……的款 5)wait for 等候 6)thank for 为……感谢 7)apologize to sb. for sth. 为某事向某人道歉 8)look for 寻找 9)leave…for 离开……去…… 10)fall off 跌落 11)catch cold 着凉,伤风 12)catch up with 赶上 13)agree with sb. 赞成,同意某人的意见 14)filled……with 把……装满 15)tell sb. about sth. 告诉某人某事 16)talk about 谈论…… 17)think about 考虑…… 18)worry about 担忧…… 19)look after 照料 20)run after 追赶,跟在后面跑 21)read after 跟……读 22)smile at 对……微笑 23)knock at 敲(门、窗)

24)shout at 对……大喊(嚷) 25)throw away 扔掉 26)work hard at 努力做…… 27)wait in line 排队等候 28)change…into…变成 29)hurry into…匆忙进入 30)run into…跑进 31)hear of 听说 32)think of 认为,考虑 33)catch hold of 抓住 34)instead of 代替…… 35)hand in 交上来 36)stay in bed 卧病在床 37)hear from 收到……来信 38)at once 立刻 39)at last 最后 40)at first 起先,首先 41)at the age of…在……岁时 42)at the end of…在……之末 43)at the beginning of…在……之初 44)at the foot of…在……脚下 45)at the same time 同时 46)at night/noon 在夜里/中午

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