中考复习-中考英语复习课件专题主谓一致

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Subject – verb agreement 主谓一致性
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主谓一致是指谓语在人称和数上必须和 主语的人称和数保持一致。这是英语语 法中必须遵循的基本规则，也是英语和
汉语区别很大的地方。 主谓一致主要有以下几种情况：
主
一、语法一致
谓 一
二、意义一致
致
三、就近原则
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一、语法一致
主语为单数形式，谓语动词也用单数形式；
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8. 名词如trousers, scissors, clothes, goods, glasses 等作主语时，谓语动词必须用复
数；如：
The scissors are sharp.
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而形复义单的名词如news;以-ics结尾的学 科名称如physics, politics, 国名如the United States; 报纸名如the New Times; 书名如Great Expectations(《远大前程 》)；以及the United Nations作主语时， 谓语动词用单数。
❖None of us are /is perfect. 人无完人。
❖None of the money is left.
一点钱也没剩下。
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7. 复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词 用单数。
Someone is calling you. 有人叫你。
Nothing is found in the room. 在屋里找不到什么东西。
❖Neither you nor I am wrong. Neither I nor you are wrong.
❖Not only the students but also the teacher enjoys listening to the music.
Not only the teacher but also the students enjoy listening to the music.
们中国人是一个勤劳的民族。
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注意以下类似例子：
1. These two dictionaries are a present for my best friend Jim．
2. The planets were the object of his study．
3. The most important thing I need is books．
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如： ❖No news is good news. ❖Great Expectations was written by Charles Dickens in 1860.
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9. 集体名词作主语，谓语动词可用单数，
也可用复数，主要由句子的意思决定。若指 一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式；但若指 其成员时，谓语动词用复数形式。这类名 词有people, family, class, population, crowd, team, ground等。
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6. 不定代词all, more, some, any, none等 作主语时，谓语动词视情况而定。谓语动
词可用单数，也可用复数；但当它指代不 可数名词时看作单数，谓语动词用单数。
❖All the apples are rotten. 所有的苹果都烂了。
❖All the apple is rotten. 整个苹果都烂了。
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二、意义一致 主语形式虽为单数，但意义为复数，谓
语动词用复数； 主语形式为复数，而意义为单数，谓语
动词用单数。如：
The crowd were surrounding the
government official. 人群包围了这位政府官员。
Maths is hard to learn. 数学难学。
4. The best part of the meal is the coffee and cookies．
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When and where to build the new
factory__A____ yet.
A. is not decided B. are not decided C. has not decided D. have not decided
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13. the rest of, half of, majority of, part
of, a lot of, lots of, one of, a number of, a plenty of, percent of 以及分数词等作主 语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于后面名
词的数，即就近原则。如：
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12. 表示时间、金钱、距离、度量等名词 作主语时，不管单复数形式，其谓语动 词用单数。如： ❖Thirty years is not a long time. 30年的时间并不长。
❖Two hours is enough for me to finish the work.
两个小时对我来说完成这项工作足够了。
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1. 由and连接的并列成分指的是一个人的 双重身份时谓语动词为单数，如果指 不同的人或物时谓语动词用复数。 The worker and writer is from Wuhan. (那个工人兼作家…) The worker and the writer are from Beijing. (那位工人和那位作家)
数。 Each of the students has a book.
. One of your books is new.
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5. each of + 复数代词, 谓语动用单数。 复数代词+ each, 谓语动词用复数。 如：
Each of us has something to say.
We each have something to say. 我们每个人都有些话要说。
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谓语应该跟主语一致还是跟表语一致?
We Chinese ____ a hard-working
people．
A. is
B. are
C. is being D. are being
此题应选B。这里应注意的是：我们
通常说的是主谓一致（即谓语与主语
保持一致），而不是表谓一致（即不
是谓语与表语一致），本题意为：我
is planting trees in the garden. 老师和同学们正在花园里种树。
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3.如果主语是不定式，动词-ing形式或主 语从句时，谓语动词用单数。
What he is doing seems very important. 他正在做什么看起来很重要。
Serving the people is my great happiness. 为人民服务是我最大的幸福。
❖例如：The family is very big.
❖Their family are watching TV now.
❖Chinese people is a hardworking people.
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❖people here are very kind.
10. 有些名词单复数形式相同，作主语时， 谓语动词由上下文决定。这类名词有 means, deer, sheep, Chinese, Japanese, fish等。如： ❖Not every means is useful. 并非每种方法都有效。
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三、就近原则 就近原则即谓语动词的单复数形式取
决于最靠近它的主语。 There is a pen and two pencils on the
desk. 桌子上有一支钢笔和两支铅笔。
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1. and连接两个或两个以上单数名词或 代词作主语时，谓语动词有以下两种 情况：
1). and连接两个或两个以上不同的人或 物作主语时，谓语动词用复数。例如：
刀叉放在桌子上。
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2.主语后面带有with, along with, together with, as well as, besides, like, without,
except, including, but 等引导的短语时， 谓语动词必须与前面的主语在人称和数
上保持一致。例如： The teacher, together with his students,
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4. 用连接的并列主语被each, every 或no修饰时，谓语动词用单数。 Every boy and every girl in the class is diligent. 班里的每个男孩女孩都很用功。
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. Every one of one of each of either of +复数名词作主语，谓语用单
❖Not all means are useful. 并非所有的方法都有效。
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11. 表示一类人的 “the +形容词(分词)” 作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
❖The sick in the accident have been taken to the hospital.
❖The lost have been found.
5.This pair of glasses are mine.
is
6.The first class begin at eight every morning.
Man can’t be perfect.
begins
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What did you learn from them?
1、英语句子中的主语与谓语动词应在人称 和数上保持一致。 2、有些主语虽为单数形式，但意义为复数。 有些主语虽为复数形式，意义为单数，谓 语动词用单数。 所以，我们应保持主谓意义上的一致。
He and I are both students of this school. 我和他都是这个学校的学生。