青海大学考博英语模拟真题及其解析

考博英语（阅读理解）模拟试卷113(总分：40.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：4，分数：40.00)The close relationship between poetry and music scarcely needs to be argued. Both are aural modes which employ rhythm, rime, and pitch as major devices; to these the one adds linguistic meaning, connotation, and various traditional figures, and the other can add, at least in theory, all of these plus harmony, counterpoint, and orchestration techniques. In English the two are closely bound historically. Anglo-Saxon heroic poetry seems certainly to have been read or chanted to a harpist's accompaniment; the verb used in Beowulf for such a performance, the Finn episode, is singan, to sing, and the noun gyd, song. A major source of the lyric tradition in English poetry is the songs of the troubadours. The distance between the gyd in Beowulf and the songs of Leonard Cohen or Bob Dylan may seem great, but is one of time rather than aesthetics. The lyric poem as a literary work and the lyrics of a popular song are both still essentially the same thing: poetry. Whether the title of the work be "Gerontion", or "Hound Dog", our criteria for evaluating the work must remain the same. The most important prerequisite for both a significant poem and significant lyrics in a popular song is that the writer be faithful to his own personal vision or to the vision of the poem he is writing. Skill and craft for writing poetry are indeed necessary because these are the only means by which a poet can preserve the integrity of this vision in the poem. A poet must not, either because of lack of skill or because of worship of popularity, wealth, or critical acclaim, go outside of his own or his own poem's vision —on pain of writing only the derivative or the trivial. Historically, the writers and singers of the lyrics of popular songs have seemed often to be incapable of personal vision, and to have confused both originality and morality with a servile compliance to popular taste.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the writer, the relationship between poetry and music______.（分数：2.00）A.is a debatable topicB.can be made but in a limited wayC.is indisputable if you analyse historyD.needs to be acknowledged more by poets(2).The author cites Beowulf in order to show that______.（分数：2.00）A.the distance between song and poetry is not so greatB.a song like Beowulf can sound like a poemC.English poetry is highly connected to songsD.songs generally evolve into poetry over time(3).Which of the following statements is true, according to the text?（分数：2.00）A.The lyrics of a song are no different from the lyrics of poetry.B.Song lyrics and poetry must be treated analytically as the same.C.The differences between poetry and song lyrics have been overstated.D.It is the time not the aesthetics that is different in most poems and song lyrics.(4).A poem or a song can be significant when______.（分数：2.00）A.it is done by a faithful writerB.the writer has a personal vision of the poem or songC.it is written within the vision of the poem, song, poet or songwriterD.the writer is willing to go outside of the vision(5).In the text, the author focuses on______.（分数：2.00）A.the shared, most important evaluation criteria in songwriting and poetryB.the various ways songs and poems are similarC.the difference between good poetry and songs and mediocre onesD.how to evaluate a poem and a song's value from a lyrical standpointWhatever their chosen method, Americans bathe zealously. A study conducted found that we take an average of 4.5 baths and 7.5 showers each week and in the ranks of non-edible items purchased by store customers, bar soap ranks second, right after toilet paper. We spend more than $700 million annually on soaps, but all work the same way. Soap is composed of molecules that at one end attract water and at the other end attract oil and dirt, while repelling water. With a kind of pushing and pulling action, the soap loosens the bonds holding dirt to the skin. Unless you're using a germicidal soap, it usually doesn't kill the bacteria —soap simply removes bacteria along with dirt and oil. Neither baths nor showers are all that necessary and unless you're in a Third World country where infectious diseases are common, or you have open sores on your skin, the dirt and bacteria aren't going to hurt. The only reason for showering or bathing is to feel clean and refreshed. There is a physiological basis for this relaxed feeling. Your limbs become slightly buoyant in bathwater, which takes a load off muscles and tension. Moreover, if the water is hotter than normal body temperature, the body attempts to shed heat by expanding the blood vessels near the surface of the skin, lessening the circulatory system's resistance to blood flow, and dropping blood pressure gently. A bath is also the most effective way to hydrate the skin. The longer you soak, the more water gets into the skin and because soap lowers the surface tension of the water, it helps you hydrate rapidly and remove dry skin flakes. However, in a bath, all the dirt and grime and the soap in which it's suspended float on the surface. So when you stand up, it covers your body like a film. The real solution is to take a bath and then rinse off with a shower, however, after leaving a tub or freshly exposed skin becomes a playground for microbes. In two hours, you probably have as many bacteria on certain parts of the body, such as the armpits, as before the bath.（分数：10.00）(1).The statement "Americans bathe zealously"(Line 1, Para. 1)is closest to saying______.（分数：2.00）A.Americans bathe wastefullyB.Americans are rather ambivalent to bathingC.Americans bathe with intense enthusiasmD.Americans bathe too much(2).Which of the following is mentioned as one of the benefits of bathing?（分数：2.00）A.Dry skins flakes will disappear from the body once you get out of the bathtub.B.It kills bacteria better than showering.C.It reduces your blood circulation if it is nice and warm.D.The floating action can reduce the stress on your muscles.(3).According to the text, bathing removes dry skin flakes because______.（分数：2.00）A.the soap draw it off the bodyB.the skin hydratesC.the circulation of blood expands skin particlesD.the change in blood pressure releases the film(4).A bath will not kill the bacteria from your body even if______.（分数：2.00）A.you use a germicidal soape an anti-bacterial soapC.you use soap to scrub it vigorouslyD.you are under special treatment for it(5).We can infer from this text that the author believes______.（分数：2.00）A.the real benefits of bathing are psychological not hygienicB.bathing is superior to taking showerC.buying soap is a waste of moneyD.we do not need to bathe as much as we do currentlyVery soon, unimaginably powerful technologies will remake our lives. This could have dangerous consequences, especially because we may not even understand the basic science underlying them. There's a growing gap between our technological capability and our underlying scientific understanding. We can do very clever things with the technology of the future without necessarily understanding some of the science underneath, and that is very dangerous. The technologies that are particularly dangerous over the next hundred years are nanotechnology, artificial intelligence and biotechnology. The benefits they will bring are beyond doubt but they are potentially very dangerous. In the field of artificial intelligence there are prototype designs for something that might be 50,000 million times smarter than the human brain by the year 2010. The only thing not feasible in the film Terminator is that the people win. If you're fighting against technology that is that much smarter than you, you probably will not win. We've all heard of the grey goo problem that self-replicating nanotech devices might keep on replicating until the world has been reduced to sticky goo, and certainly in biotechnology, we've really got a big problem because it's converging with nanotechnology. Once you start mixing nanotech with organisms and you start feeding nanotech — enabled bacteria, we can go much further than the Borg in Star Trek, and those superhuman organisms might not like us very much. We are in a world now where science and commerce are increasingly bedfellows. The development of technology is happening in the context of global free trade regimes which see technological diffusion embedded with commerce as intrinsically a good. We should prepare for new and unfamiliar forms of argument around emerging technologies.（分数：10.00）(1).From the text, we know that the author's greatest worry is______.（分数：2.00）A.our lack of technological understanding of the process involvedB.our lack of technological capabilityC.creating technology without really understanding the issuesD.our refusal to face the consequences of the technology we create(2).It can be inferred from the text that the author______.（分数：2.00）A.thinks people overestimate the capabilities of technologyB.is not optimistic that artificial intelligence will always be used positivelyC.thinks that we should take science fiction movies more seriouslyD.believes artificial intelligence is the greatest threat we face technologically(3).Why does the author say it is not feasible in the film Terminator that the humans win?（分数：2.00）A.Because the power of the technology was exaggerated.B.Because the strength of the machines would be much greater.C.Because machines with that much intelligence would not allow it.D.Because even heroic humans would achieve nothing from such a battle.(4).The mixing of nanotech with organisms may______.（分数：2.00）A.produce dangerous viruses capable of killing many peopleB.produce creatures that are unfriendly to humansC.upset our balance of natureD.reduce the world to sticky glue(5).The author's attitude toward the emerging technologies is______.（分数：2.00）A.criticalB.skepticalC.provocativeD.alarmistThe long, wet summer here in the northeastern U.S. notwithstanding, there's a world shortage of pure, fresh water. As demand for water hits the limits of finite supply, potential conflicts are brewing between nations that share transboundary freshwater reserves. Many people ask why wecannot simply take it from the sea, using our sophisticated technology of desalinization. But a good water supply must be hygienically safe and pleasant tasting and water containing salt would corrode machinery used in manufacturing in addition to producing chemical impurities. Since more than 95% of our water sits in the salty seas, man is left to face the reality that most water on the surface of the earth is not available for us. One very feasible way of sustaining our supply of freshwater is to protect the ecology of our mountains. Mountains and water go together, a fact to which Secretary General Kofi Annan has drawn attention more than once. From 30% to 60% of downstream fresh water in humid areas and up to 95% in arid and semi-arid environments are supplied by mountains. Without interference nature has its own way of purifying water — even though chlorination and filtration are still necessary as a precaution. In a mountainous area, aeration, due to turbulent flow and waterfalls, causes an exchange of gases between the atmosphere and the water. Agriculture, industry, hydroelectric generators and homes that need water to drink and for domestic use depend on these resources and, thus, we must protect mountainous areas as a means of survival.（分数：10.00）(1).The author of this text states that______.（分数：2.00）A.the problem of obtaining good drinking water has plagued man throughout timeB.palatability is synonymous with purity of waterC.most of the world's water is unusable as a water supplyD.man no longer depends on desalinization for his water supply(2).The author believes that industry avoids salt water because______.（分数：2.00）A.water is needed for livestockB.crops must be considered before man-made productsC.it is used in desalinization plantsD.it causes corrosion(3).Streams would purify themselves if not for______.（分数：2.00）A.human beingsB.natureC.chlorinationD.mountains(4).By saying that nature "has its own way of purifying water"(Line 5, Para. 3)the author is referring to______.（分数：2.00）A.aerationB.filtrationC.chlorinationD.absorption(5).The best title for this text is______.（分数：2.00）A.The Water Problem: The Dangers AheadB.The Water Supply Problem: Our OptionsC.The Mountains: Our Only Hope for WaterD.Water Conservation: The Challenges Ahead。

考博士英语试题及答案一、阅读理解（共40分）1. 阅读下列短文，然后根据短文内容回答问题。

（每题2分，共10分）[短文内容略](1) What is the main idea of the passage?(2) What does the author suggest about the future of technology?(3) Why are some people hesitant to adopt new technologies?(4) What is the role of education in technological advancement?(5) How can individuals contribute to the development of technology?2. 阅读以下文章，然后根据文章内容选择最佳答案。

（每题2分，共10分）[文章内容略](1) A(2) B(3) C(4) D(5) E3. 阅读以下文章，并根据文章内容回答问题。

（每题3分，共20分） [文章内容略](1) What is the primary purpose of the article?(2) How does the author describe the impact of globalization?(3) What are some of the challenges faced by developing countries?(4) What solutions does the author propose to address the issues?(5) What is the author's conclusion regarding the futureof globalization?二、词汇与语法（共30分）1. 根据句子意思，选择正确的词汇填空。

考博英语（完形填空）模拟试卷38(题后含答案及解析) 题型有： 4. ClozeClozeShould we care if over 150 known species of animals have【C1】______from the earth in the last fifty years? Should we be concerned that there are【C2】______thousands of species whose very existence is【C3】______endangered—largely because of our activities?【C4】______, after all, is the natural end of populations. Species are born, then【C5】______, and then die. Some live a【C6】______time, perhaps millions of years; some die more quickly. We have【C7】______the extinction of many species we know about, and we have undoubtedly sealed the【C8】______of others. In fact, there are undoubtedly many other species that have lived among us during our time on earth, but that have disappeared as a(n)【C9】______of our activities without our ever having known they existed. It is hard to explain the rationale of many of us who are concerned about such matters. I have never seen a sea whale,【C10】______I don’t want them to become extinct. Moreover, I felt this way long before I understood anything about how they might be an important part of an ecosystem. Possibly such feelings merely reflect the cultural attitude that it is ““nice”“ to wish other living things well; thus, the attitude is【C11】______.I feel nice. There are, of course, more rational reasons for【C12】______the extermination of any species. For one thing, the kind of attitude that encourages or sanctions the destruction of other species is a threat【C13】______our own wellbeing. If such an attitude exists, we ourselves might【C14】______victim to it. Living things(including us)might be expected to fare better where there is【C15】______for life. The extinction of other species could also threaten us【C16】______by simplifying the system of which we are a part or by destroying parts of the ecosystem【C17】______which we directly rely. For example, if we continue to poison the oceans【C18】______we are willing to believe only a few bottom dwellers are affected, we might【C19】______overstep some critical threshold and trigger the wholesale death of plankton, thus finding ourselves without a major【C20】______of the world’s food and with our oxygen supplies dwindling.”1．【C1】A．disappearedB．diedC．endangeredD．ceased正确答案：A解析：disappear from是固定短语，意为“从……消失”。

考博英语（阅读理解）模拟试卷105(总分：34.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：4，分数：34.00)The relationship between formal education and economic growth in poor countries is widely misunderstood by economists and politicians alike. Progress in both areas is undoubtedly necessary for the social, political and intellectual development of these and all other societies, however, the conventional view that education should be one of the very highest priorities for promoting rapid economic development in poor countries is wrong. We are fortunate that it is, because building new educational systems there and putting enough people through them to improve economic performance would require two or three generations. The findings of a research institution have consistently shown that workers in all countries can be trained on the job to achieve radical higher productivity and, as a result, radically higher standards of living. Ironically, the first evidence for this idea appeared in the United States. Not long ago, with the country entering a recession and Japan at its pre-bubble peak. The U.S. workforce was derided as poorly educated and one of primary cause of the poor U.S. economic performance. Japan was, and remains, the global leader in automotive-assembly productivity. Yet the research revealed that the U.S. factories of Honda, Nissan, and Toyota achieved about 95 percent of the productivity of their Japanese counterparts—a result of the training that U.S. workers received on the job. More recently, while examining housing construction, the researchers discovered that illiterate, non-English-speaking Mexican workers in Houston, Texas, consistently met best-practice labor productivity standards despite the complexity of the building industry's work. What is the real relationship between education and economic development? We have to suspect that continuing economic growth promotes the development of education even when governments don't force it. After all, that's how education got started. When our ancestors were hunters and gatherers 10,000 years ago, they didn't have time to wonder much about anything besides finding food. Only when humanity began to get its food in a more productive way was there time for other things. As education improved, humanity's productivity potential increased as well. When the competitive environment pushed our ancestors to achieve that potential, they could in turn afford more education. This increasingly high level of education is probably a necessary, but not a sufficient, condition for the complex political systems required by advanced economic performance. Thus poor countries might not be able to escape their poverty traps without political changes that may be possible only with broader formal education. A lack of formal education, however, doesn't constrain the ability of the developing world's workforce to substantially improve productivity to the forested future. On the contrary, constraints on improving productivity explain why education isn't developing more quickly there than it is.（分数：10.00）(1).The author holds in paragraph 1 that the important of education in poor countries______.（分数：2.00）A.is subject to groundless doubtsB.has fallen victim of biasC.is conventional downgradedD.has been overestimated(2).It is stated in paragraph 1 that construction of a new education system______.（分数：2.00）A.challenges economists and politiciansB.takes efforts of generationsC.demands priority from the governmentD.requires sufficient labor force(3).A major difference between the Japanese and U.S. workforces is that______.（分数：2.00）A.the Japanese workforce is better disciplinedB.the Japanese workforce is more productiveC.the U.S. workforce has a better educationD.the U.S. workforce is more organized(4).The author quotes the example of our ancestors to show that education emerged______.（分数：2.00）A.when people had enough timeB.prior to better ways of finding foodC.when people on longer went hungD.as a result of pressure on government(5).According to the last paragraph, development of education______.（分数：2.00）A.results directly from competitive environmentsB.does not depend on economic performanceC.follows improved productivityD.cannot afford political changesIf ambition is to be well regarded, the rewards of ambition wealth, distinction, control over one's destiny must be deemed worthy of the sacrifices made on ambition's behalf. If the tradition of ambition is to have vitality, it must be widely shared; and it especially must be highly regarded by people who are themselves admired, the educated not least among them. In an odd way, however, it is the educated who have claimed to have give up on ambition as an ideal. What is odd is that they have perhaps most benefited from ambition—if not always their own then that of their parents and grandparents. There is heavy note of hypocrisy in this, a case of closing the barn door after the horses have escaped with the educated themselves riding on them. Certainly people do not seem less interested in success and its signs now than formerly. Summer homes, European travel, BMWs. The locations, place names and name brands may change, but such items do not seem less in demand today than a decade or two years ago. What has happened is that people cannot confess fully to their dreams, as easily and openly as once they could, lest they be thought pushing, acquisitive and vulgar. Instead, we are treated to fine hypocritical spectacles, which now more than ever seem in ample supply: the critic of American materialism with a Southampton summer home; the publisher of radical books who takes his meals in three-star restaurants; the journalist advocating participatory democracy in all phases of life, whose own children are enrolled in private schools. For such people and many more perhaps not so exceptional, the proper formulation is, "Succeed at all costs but avoid appearing ambitious." The attacks on ambition are many and come from various angles; its public defenders are few and unimpressive, where they are not extremely unattractive. As a result, the support for ambition as a healthy impulse, a quality to be admired and fixed in the mind of the young, is probably lower than it has ever been in the United States. This does not mean that ambition is at an end, that people no longer feel its stirrings and promptings, but only that, no longer openly honored, it is less openly underground, or made sly. Such, then, is the way things stand: on the left angry critics, on the right stupid supporters, and in the middle, as usual, the majority of earnest people trying to get on in life.（分数：8.00）(1).It is generally believed that ambition may be well regarded if______.（分数：2.00）A.its returns well compensate for the sacrificesB.it is rewarded with money, fame and powerC.its goals are spiritual rather than materialD.it is shared by the rich and the famous(2).The last sentence of the first paragraph most probably implies that it is______.（分数：2.00）A.customary of the educated to discard ambition in wordsB.too late to check ambition once it has been let outC.dishonest to deny ambition after the fulfillment of the goalD.impractical for the educated to enjoy benefits from ambition(3).Some people do not openly admit they have ambition because______.（分数：2.00）A.they think of it as immoralB.their pursuits are not fame or wealthC.ambition is not closely related to material benefitsD.they do not want to appear greedy and contemptible(4).From the last paragraph the conclusion can be drawn that ambition should be maintained______.（分数：2.00）A.secretly and vigorouslyB.openly and enthusiasticallyC.easily and momentarilyD.verbally and spirituallyIt's a rough world out there. Step outside and you could break a leg slipping on your doormat. Light up the stove and you could burn down the house. Luckily, if the doormat or stove failed to warn of coming disaster, a successful lawsuit might compensate you for your troubles. Or so the thinking has gone since the early 1980s, when juries began holding more companies liable for their customers' misfortunes. Feeling threatened, companies responded by writing ever-longer warning labels, trying to anticipate every possible accident. Today, stepladders carry labels several inches long that warn , among other things, that you might — surprise — fall off. The label on a child's Batman cape cautions that the toy "does not enable user to fly". While warnings are often appropriate and necessary —the dangers of drug interactions, for example — and many are required by state or federal regulations, it isn't clear that they actually protect the manufacturers and sellers from liability if a customer is injured. About 50 percent of the companies lose when injured customers take them to court. Now the tide appears to be turning. As personal injury claims continue as before, some courts are beginning to side with defendants, especially in cases where a warning label probably wouldn't have changed anything. In May, Julie Nimmons, president of Schutt Sports in Illinois, successfully fought a lawsuit involving a football player who was paralyzed in a game while wearing a Schutt helmet. "We' re really sorry he has become paralyzed, but helmets aren't designed to prevent those kinds of injuries," says Nimmons. The jury agreed that the nature of the game, not the helmet, was the reason for the athlete's injury. At the same time, the American Law Institute — a group of judges, lawyers, and academics whose recommendations carry substantial weight — issued new guidelines for tort law stating that companies need not warn customers of obvious dangers or bombard them with a lengthy list of possible ones. "Important information can get buried in a sea of trivialities, " says a law professor at Cornell Law School who helped draft the new guidelines. If the moderate demand of the legal community has its way, the information on products might actually be provided for the benefit of customers and not as protection against legal liability.（分数：8.00）(1).What were things like in 1980s when accidents happened?（分数：2.00）A.Customers might be relieved of their disasters through lawsuits.B.Injured customers could expect protection from the legal system.panies would avoid being sued by providing new warnings.D.Juries tended to find fault with the compensations companies promised.(2).Manufacturers as mentioned in the passage tend to______.（分数：2.00）A.satisfy customers by writing long warnings on productsB.become honest in describing the inadequacies of their productsC.make the best use of labels to avoid legal liabilityD.feel obliged to view customers' safety as their first concern(3).The case of Schutt helmet demonstrated that______.（分数：2.00）A.some injury claims were no longer supported by lawB.helmets were not designed to prevent injuriesC.product labels would eventually be discardedD.some sports games might lose popularity with athletes(4).The author' s attitude towards the issue seems to be______.（分数：2.00）A.biasedB.indifferentC.puzzlingD.objectiveIn the first year or so of Web business, most of the action has revolved around efforts to tap the consumer market. More recently, as the Web proved to be more than a fashion, companies have started to buy and sell products and services with one another. Such business-to-business sales make sense because business people typically know what product they're looking for. Nonetheless, many companies still hesitate to use the Web because of doubts about its reliability. "Businesses need to feel they can trust the pathway between them and the supplier," says senior analyst Blane Erwin of Forrester Research. Some companies are limiting the risk by conducting online transactions only with established business partners who are given access to the company's private internet. Another major shift in the model for Internet commerce concerns the technology available for marketing. Until recently, Internet marketing activities have focused on strategies to "pull" customers into sites. In the past year, however, software companies have developed tools that allow companies to "push" information directly out to consumers, transmitting marketing messages directly to targeted customers. Most notably, the PointCast Network uses a screen saver to deliver a continually updated stream of news and advertisements to subscribers' computer monitors. Subscribers can customize the information they want to receive and proceed directly to a company's Web site. Companies such as Virtual Vineyards are already starting to use similar technologies to push messages to customers about special sales, product offerings, or other events. But push technology has earned the contempt of many Web users. Online culture thinks highly of the notion that the information flowing onto the screen comes there by specific request. Once commercial promotion begins to fill the screen uninvited, the distinction between the Web and television fades. That's a prospect that horrifies Net purists. But it is hardly inevitable that companies on the Web will need to resort to push strategies to make money. The examples of Virtual Vineyards, , and other pioneers show that a Web site selling the right kind of products with the right mix of interactivity, hospitality, and security will attract online customers. And the cost of computing power continues to free fall, which is a good sign for any enterprise setting up shop in silicon. People looking back 5 or 10 years from now may well wonder why so few companies took the online plunge.（分数：8.00）(1).We learn from the beginning of the passage that Web business______.（分数：2.00）A.has been striving to expand its marketB.intended to follow a fanciful fashionC.tried but in vain to control the marketD.has been booming for one year or so(2).Speaking of the online technology available for marketing, the author implies that______.（分数：2.00）A.the technology is popular with many Web usersB.businesses have faith in the reliability of online transactionsC.there is a radical change in strategyD.it is accessible limitedly to established partners(3).In the view of Net purists,______.（分数：2.00）A.there should be no marketing messages in online cultureB.money making should be given priority to on the WebC.the Web should be able to function as the television setD.there should be no online commercial information without requests(4).We learn from the last paragraph that______.（分数：2.00）A.pushing information on the Web is essential to Internet commerceB.interactivity, hospitality and security are important to online customersC.leading companies began to take the online plunge decades agoD.setting up shops in silicon is independent of the cost of computing power。

考博英语（阅读理解）模拟试卷54(题后含答案及解析) 题型有： 3. Reading ComprehensionReading ComprehensionThe payroll register constitutes the treasurer department’s authority to pay the employees. Payment is usually made in the form of a check drawn on the company’s regular bank account. Pre-numbered payroll checks should be used, and there should be independent verification of the agreement of the checks with the payroll register in detail and in total. Payroll checks should be distributed directly to employees, on proper identification, by treasurer’s department personnel. The checks should not be returned to payroll for distribution since the payroll department would then have control over both preparing and paying the payroll. Alternatively, payroll checks may be deposited directly in the employee’s checking account. Payment of employees in cash is the exception rather than the rule. This form of payment is more easily influenced by errors, irregularities, and robbery than payment by check. Following payment, check numbers are entered on the register, the preparation and payment of the payroll are programmed on a computer. A termination notice should be issued by the personnel department on the completion of an individual’s employment with the company. Copies of the termination authorization should be sent to the employee’s supervisor and to payroll, and a copy should be filed in the employee’s personnel record. The proper execution of this function is vital in preventing terminated employees from continuing on the payroll. The subsequent diversion of such payroll checks to an unauthorized individual has been responsible for many payroll cheat through the years. Every company is expected to fulfill the legal requirements relevant to the filing of payroll tax returns and the payment of the resulting taxes. Ordinarily, the payroll department prepares the tax returns and a check is issued through the guarantor system in payment of the taxes. The responsibility for the filing of returns before due dates should be assigned to a payroll department supervisor. Furthermore, there should be independent verification within that department of the accuracy and completeness of the return. Effective control over tax returns is necessary to avoid penalties for late or incorrect filings.1．According to the passage employees should be paid______.A．monthly in cashB．weekly by bankC．regularly by checkD．properly in time正确答案：C解析：本题的依据句是文章第1段中的Payment is usually made in the form ofa checkdrawn on the company’s regular bank account．从中可知C项为正确答案。

考博英语（阅读理解）模拟试卷82(题后含答案及解析) 题型有： 3. Reading ComprehensionReading ComprehensionHello back there! This is me, in the future. It’s great here. We finally have robots that do things for us, although none of them are very attractive, at least not after the third or fourth date. Dogs and cats developed the power of speech several years ago, and turn out to have very little interesting to say beyond requests for food and, on the part of cats, expressions of condescension. One thing that has not changed in the 50 years since you guys were merging and purging all over the place is our reliance on media. Today we have 484, 567, 543 channels of great programming, which correspond exactly to the population of the U. S. It’s really fabulous. Each of us has his or her own mix that completely serves our interests and virtual habits. I say virtual habits because none of us have any real habits to speak of, good or bad. They were outlawed in 2025, and most of us agree that we’re happier without any. Our programming mixtures reach us through a variety of pipelines all owned by one of four Great Big Media Companies. These are all exactly alike in their collection of assets, each of them owning broadcast, narrowcast, die-cast, retrocast and cybercast, broadband, narrowband, audio, video, satellite and an upload-and-download phalanx of option-driven interfaces. Each of our Great Big Media Companies has thousands of brands that make us feel all warm and toasty and provide an emotional connection to a past that nobody can actually remember. We love our GBMCs and buy their stocks all the time. And they’re getting bigger. Not long ago, the largest GBMC declared itself to be a nation, established a virtual army and invaded Nova Scotia. Right now, it’s fighting the Canadians, who are holding out for preferred stock in the new entity before they capitulate. So things have changed a lot, except maybe for one thing. As I’m dictating this into the cyber-neural-net, I am sitting on a soft object with a rather high back, which is necessary as, like all other human beings now, I have no real bone structure. That’s right, it’s my beloved couch! I sit on my couch all day long.I do business from my couch, since everything is now conducted online. I am served my meals on my couch. My family members catch up with one another’s virtual day while sitting on our couch. The only time we leave our couch is when we are conveyed upstairs to bed, which is just another couch. So from our couch to yours, hello! That’s your future! See you there!1．What is implied in the first paragraph?A．The future life will be much greater than the present life.B．Robots will become as smart as human beings in the future life.C．What will be described in the passage is quite absurd.D．Cats and dogs will surely develop the power of speech in the future.正确答案：C解析：推理题。

考博英语（阅读理解）模拟试卷71(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1.2% since 1987. That is somewhat faster than the average during the previous decade. And since 1991, productivity has increased by about 2% a year, which is more than twice the 1978-1987 average. The trouble is that part of the recent acceleration is due to the usual rebound that occurs at this point in a business cycle, and so is not conclusive evidence of a revival in the underlying trend. There is, as Robert Rubin, the treasury secretary, says, a “disjunction”between the mass of business anecdote that points to a leap in productivity and the picture reflected by the statistics. Some of this can be easily explained. New ways of organizing the workplace all that reengineering and downsizing —are only one contribution to the overall productivity of an economy, which is driven by many other factors such as joint investment in equipment and machinery, new technology, and investment in education and training. Moreover, most of the changes that companies make are intended to keep them profitable, and this need not always mean increasing productivity: switching to new markets or improving quality can matter just as much. Two other explanations are more speculative. First, some of the business restructuring of recent years may have been ineptly done. Second, even if it was well done, it may have spread much less widely than people suppose. Leonard Schlesinger, a Harvard academic and former chief executive of Au Bong Pain, a rapidly growing chain of bakery cafes, says that much “reengineering” has been crude. In many cases, he believes, the loss of revenue has been greater than the reductions in cost. His colleague, Michael Beer, says that far too many companies have applied reengineering in a mechanistic fashion, chopping out costs without giving sufficient thought to long term profitability. BBDO’s Al Rosenshine is blunter. He dismisses a lot of the work of reengineering consultants as mere rubbish —“the worst sort of ambulance cashing”.1．According to the author, the American economic situation is______.A．not as good as it seemsB．at its turning pointC．much better than it seemsD．near to complete recovery正确答案：A解析：从文章第1段的内容可知，在美国，无论你到什么地方，你都会听到有关公司复兴的故事；更难以证实的是企业家自以为是他们在引领的这场生产力革命是否名副其实；从文章第2段的内容可知，官方的统计数字多少有些令人失望；统计表明，生产力平均每年增长1．2％，但近期的增长一定程度上是由于商业周期运行至这个时段所出现的常见反弹引发的，因此，不能证实会出现经济复苏；正如财政部长Robert Rubin所说的那样，大量的商业神话似乎说明生产力剧增，这同官方的统计数字所反映出的情况“有分歧”；在随后的两段中，文章分析了造成这种现象的原因；从文章最后的内容可知，一些企业的重组没有达到预期目的。

青海大学研究生学位英语考试真题及答案Qinghai University Postgraduate Degree English Exam1. Listening ComprehensionPart OneDirections: This part is to test your listening ability. There are 20 statements in this section, and you need to determine whether these sentences are true (T) or false (F).Example: The weather in Qinghai is usually hot in summer.(F)1. Qinghai University was founded in 1958. (T)2. The university offers undergraduate programs only. (F)3. The exam will be held on a Saturday. (T)4. Qinghai is known for its beautiful natural scenery. (T)5. The university has a strong focus on environmental studies. (T)Part TwoDirections: In this section, you will hear a short passage. After listening to the passage, you need to answer a few questions about it. Now listen to the passage.Questions:6. What is the speaker's opinion on studying at Qinghai University?7. What are some advantages of studying at Qinghai University?8. What are some popular majors at the university?9. Why does the university attract students from around the world?10. How can students apply for admission to Qinghai University?2. Reading ComprehensionPart OneDirections: This part is to test your reading comprehension. There are 5 passages with multiple-choice questions.Passage 1Qinghai University is located in the beautiful province of Qinghai, known for its stunning natural landscapes and unique culture. The university offers a wide range of programs, including undergraduate and postgraduate degrees in various fields.Questions:11. Where is Qinghai University located?A. BeijingB. ShanghaiC. QinghaiD. Chengdu12. What is Qinghai known for?A. Its technology programsB. Its natural landscapes and cultureC. Its urban developmentD. Its population densityPassage 2The university is committed to promoting environmental sustainability and green living. Students at Qinghai Universityhave the opportunity to engage in research projects that focus on protecting the environment and preserving natural resources.Questions:13. What is one of the university's focuses?A. TechnologyB. Environmental sustainabilityC. BusinessD. Medicine14. What do students have the chance to participate in?A. Cultural eventsB. Job fairsC. Research projectsD. Sporting competitions3. Writing SkillsPart OneDirections: In this section, you need to write a short essay on the following topic:"In your opinion, what are the advantages of studying abroad at Qinghai University? Provide examples to support your argument."Word limit: 200-300 wordsSample Answer:Studying abroad at Qinghai University offers a unique experience that combines academic excellence with a rich cultural environment. One advantage of studying at Qinghai University is the opportunity to immerse oneself in the stunning natural landscapes of the province. The university's strong focus on environmental studies provides students with hands-on experience in protecting the environment and promoting green living.Another advantage of studying at Qinghai University is the chance to engage with a diverse student body from around the world. The university attracts students from different countries, creating a multicultural learning environment. This exposure to different perspectives and backgrounds enhances students' understanding of global issues and prepares them for international careers.Overall, studying abroad at Qinghai University is a rewarding experience that offers academic, cultural, and personal growth opportunities.4. Answer KeyListening Comprehension1. T2. F3. T4. T5. T6. (Sample answer: The speaker believes that studying at Qinghai University is a great opportunity for academic and personal growth.)7. (Sample answer: Some advantages of studying at Qinghai University include its beautiful natural landscapes, strong environmental focus, and diverse student body.)8. (Sample answer: Popular majors at Qinghai University include environmental studies, engineering, and international relations.)9. (Sample answer: The university attracts students from around the world due to its academic excellence, cultural richness, and unique programs.)10. (Sample answer: Students can apply for admission to Qinghai University by submitting an online application form, academic transcripts, and letters of recommendation.)Reading Comprehension11. C12. B13. B14. CWriting SkillsSample essay provided aboveOverall, the postgraduate degree English exam at Qinghai University assesses students' listening, reading, and writing skills in English. It also tests their understanding of the university's programs, values, and opportunities. Studying abroad at Qinghai University is a rewarding experience that prepares students for successful careers in a globalized world.。

2012考博英语模拟151(考卷附答案)一、阅读理解（每题2分，共40分）Section ADirections: In this section, there are four passages followed questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.Passage 1Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.1. What is the main idea of the first paragraph?A. The fashion industry is highly profitable.B. Fast fashion causes environmental problems.C. Sustainable fashion is gaining popularity.D. The oil industry is the largest polluter in the world.2. Which of the following is NOT a consequence of fast fashion?A. High demand for stylish and affordable clothing.B. Environmental pollution.C. Ethical concerns.D. Increased job opportunities in the fashion industry.Passage 2Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage.6. What is the main idea of the second paragraph?B. The Internet has led to a loss of privacy.C. People are more aware of privacy issues.D. Personal data is valuable on the Internet.7. Which of the following is NOT a benefit of the Internet?B. Access to information.C. Improved privacy protection.D. Global connectivity.Section BDirections: In this section, there is one passage followed five questions or unfinished statements. For each question or unfinished statement, there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.Passage 3Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage.11. What is the author's attitude towards ?A. Optimistic.B. Pessimistic.C. Neutral.D. Indifferent.12. Which of the following is a potential benefit of ?A. Increased unemployment.B. Improved efficiency.C. Reduced creativity.D. Higher crime rates.二、完型填空（每题1分，共15分）Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blankfrom a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before makingyour choices. Each choice in the bank is identified a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the centre.Passage 4The impact of social media on society has been a topic of (16) ______ for many years. While some people argue thatsocial media has (17) ______ our lives, others believe it has (18) ______ negative consequences. One of the main concernsis the (19) ______ of mental health among users. Spending too much time on social media can lead to feelings of (20) ______ and loneliness.三、翻译（每题5分，共30分）Section ADirections: Translate the following sentences into English. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.26. 随着科技的发展，人们的生活越来越便利。

2015青海大学考博英语历年真题一、招考介绍从整体上看，由于博士生招生形势的不断发展各院校博士生入学考试的难度越来越大，对考生的外语水平要求也越来越高，特别是听、说能力。

攻读博士学位的学生，一方面应该具备坚实的专业理论基础和扎实的科研能力，另一方面还应该具备较高水平的外语能力。

二、青海大学考博英语题型英语题型介绍：Part1：词汇（20％）,40个小题。

主要考察考生的语法、语言运用能力。

词汇题应有一部分是指定教材中出现的语句。

Part2：阅读理解（25％）,5篇文章，共25道小题，共计25分。

主要考察考生的英语综合运用能力。

5篇文章中应有1～2篇为指定教材中出现的文章，但文章后面的问题应有所不同；文章内容涉及面应广泛，难度和指定教材中的相当或略高，并体现出层次感。

Part3：完型填空（15％），1篇文章，共有15个空缺，共计15分。

Part4：翻译（20％），英译汉、汉译英两个部分，各占10分，题目形式由命题老师自定。

题目中所涉及的短语、句型应以指定教材为主。

Part5：写作（20％），文章摘要、文章写作，共计20分。

内容应为社会上普遍存在的现象或人们比较关心的问题。

三、考博英语必备参考书育明考博教研部主编,河北大学出版社出版的《考博英语真题解析》和《考博词汇》是考博人必备的两本书。

在当当网，亚马逊和全国各大书店均有销售，也可以联系我们直接购买。

四、联系导师在初步定好考博学校之后，就要和所报考院校中意的老师取得联系，询问是否有招生名额，能否报考，这是我们考博成功的关键第一步。

大多数考生会在九月中下旬与导师取得联系。

因为太早，学校里面直博名额什么的还没有确定，报考的导师也不清楚是否有名额；太晚的话，怕别的学生比你早联系就不好了。

一般情况下，导师对一个学生很中意的话，后来联系的学生，导师一般也不会答应其报考了。

在此说点题外话，联系导师的过程中，如果读研期间的导师有关系，可以尽量利用。

如果没有，也没关系，凭着自己的本事也是可以和考博导师很好的沟通的，这就要看自己了。