跳眼法
原理：人的瞳孔间距约6cm,单臂长约60cm,相似三角形原理。
方法：伸直手臂，竖起拇指，闭右眼，用左眼观察，将拇指落在目标上。
闭左眼，用右眼观察，因为视差，拇指会落在目标附近的另一目标处，凭经验估计二者的距离，乘以十，即得目标距自己的距离。
将臂向前伸直，竖起拇指，闭左眼，使右眼的视线沿拇指一侧对准目标左侧(基准点)，头和手保持不动，再闭右眼，使左眼视线通过拇指的同一侧，并记住视线对准的实地某一点，然后目测目标左侧(基准点)至该点的宽度，将此宽度乘以10，即为站立点至目标的距离。
它的原理是根据人两瞳孔的间隔约为自己臂长的1/10，所以将测得实地物体的宽度乘以10，即为站立点至目标的距离
利用手指、子弹等是可以测定高低角和方向角的，若已知被测物体的大小，可按公式L＝H/W×1000概略地求出被观察物体离观察者地距离L。
公式中L：被观察物体到观察者地距离（米）
H：被观察物体的大小（米）
W：被观察物体的象在分划镜上的夹角（密位）
（图中给出的除注明外，均为密位值，希望你知道什么是密位）。
跳眼法（Eye jump method）The main part of the artillery is eye jumpingSeveral simple methods for measuring distance of target from unarmed observationI. visual inspectionVisual inspection is a common method of easy ranging. The use of visual measurement, due to weather, light, angle, as well as observation of the object color and size and other factors, it will cause visual error. In the visual should pay attention to some factors will cause the target to appear recently (and is far) 1.: sunny weather, sun target (or person downsun, object direction observation) is nearly 2.; from low to high, nearly 3. objects appear; the same distance, large and obvious (or independent). The object is open or close; observe the septal surface, gully and valley, the object is near. In general, we use comparative and judgment methods in visual measurement.1, comparative law: the comparative law is to compare the distance between a given distance and a known distance. If the measuring distance is too long, the distance to be measured can be divided into several segments, segmented and compared, and then the total length is calculated. Usually available comparisons are wire poles, houses, driveways (single lane, double lane, and four lane).2, judgment: judgment is based on the clarity of the target to determine the distance. Below I to 5, according to the military vision in fine weather, no dust under the condition of thetarget clarity as follows:100 meters: facial features, hand joints, infantry, firearms, external parts visible.150-170 meters: the buttons of the clothes, the shell of the water, the tiny parts of the equipment can be seen. 200 meters: the leaves, the barbed wire, the roof tiles visible.250 - 300 meters: facial features is not clear but the clothes color can be divided into walls, visible seam, Vaco count ditch.400 meters: face is not clear and visible.500 meters: head shoulder is not clear, men and women can be divided. The door is not open or closed, the window visible lattice, tile gap is not clear.700 meters: pedestrian legs can be divided into left and right elbow, confused, tile silk.1000 meters: the human body up and down is generally thick, the house outline is clear, the door becomes a square, the tile is disorderly.1500 meters: pedestrian like peristalsis, action is not clear, the tile surface flat, window hole, trunk and visible pole.2000 meters: people into small black spots, action is not clear, the window is a dark door into a hole.Two, stepIs the distance to stride to stride. The utility model is suitable for the standing point and the measuring point to be straight through. Field measurements are usually carried out in units (usually 1.72 or so people, whose complex steps are about 1.5 meters). Every step sizes are different, so to require constant practice, grasp their average stride. I don't think everyone knows the result of the measurement. To pay attention to the following points:1, when traveling, to be measured at the end of the line in advance.2, marching steps should be uniform.3, when there are ups and downs of the ground, it is necessary to properly adjust the pace, to prevent excessive deviation.Three, similar triangle method rangingThe similar triangle method is used to measure river width or other terrain that is inconvenient to pass. For example, the distance from standing point A to measuring B is measured as follows (azimuth reference diagram):The subject related pictures are as follows:1. select a good B point at the A point (such as width of the river, B points on the other side, and the choice of B points, preferably independent trees or independent stones or othervisible protrusions)2. turn right at 90 degrees,Step out to C points, C points in a stone or a tree to mark plug.3. continue to the D point (if the terrain allows, the DC length is equal to AC long. If the conditions are not allowed, the AC should also be as long as the DC multiples4. by D and 90 degrees to the right, forward, and keep watching BC, stop the line to the BC extension line point E. At this point, the length of AB is AC, multiply DE, and then delete DC (if AC is equal to DC, then the length of DE is AB long. If the AC length is a full multiple of DC, then DE is multiplied by this multiple, that is, AB longFour. Use arm length measurementsAdvance in pencil (or straight objects), with his long arm one percent as a unit, carved arm ruler and marked with number. For example, your arm length is 65CM, and the ruler is divided into 6.5MM. Measurements have two kinds of known and unknown pairs of target intervals / lengths (or heights).1, the target interval / length (or height) known for distance (known as the pole spacing of 50 meters, when measuring attention arm length ruler and parallel wires) are measured, with hand foot, arms straight forward (note not to twist the two shoulder to shoulder, and the target level) of the target. One end of a foot 0 scale, the other end of the readout partitionnumber (preferably with one eye sight, his eyes do not cross jump) can be calculated, and then the distance = interval (or height) measured by *100 to remove the partition number.2, the distance to the target / length (or height) unknown distanceThe distance between the unknown target of the target interval / length (or height) is determined by the number of the target and the distance between the two points at the front and the back two points. Distance = forward (or backward) distance * small division divided by (large division small Division) formula to get the target distance.Measure BC point distance, find two obvious independent items at C point line, D and E respectively. At B, measured DE between two points, "arm length" for "big sub row", and then back a few meters (such as twenty or thirty meters) to A points, and then measured DE, between two points, "arm length" for "small division"". Now the distance and size of the back of the division have been derived, and on the formula you can learn the BC distance.Five, jump eye methodJump eye method is a method of estimating the width of field by jumping. According to the distance between the two pupils, about 1/10 of the length of the arm, the width of the field object is multiplied by 10, that is, the distance from the standing point to the target. The measurement method is: the arm straight forward, thumbs up, close the left eye, right eyesight along the side of the thumb at the target (reference point), on the left side of the head and hands remained motionless, then closed the right eye, left eye sight through the thumb on the same side, and remember the sight alignment field of a point, then the left visual targets (reference point) to the bit width, the width multiplied by 10 is the standing point of the distance to the target.The method of measuring distance with the fingers and eyes is called "jump eye", which is an estimate by estimating the field width of the eye. According to the distance between the two pupils, about 1/10 of the length of the arm, the width of the field object is multiplied by 10, that is, the distance from the standing point to the target. The measurement method is: arm forward, thumb up, close the left eye, so that the right eye line of sight along the thumb side on the left side of the target (reference point), the head and hand remain motionless, and then close the right eye,The left eye sight through the thumb on the same side, and remember the sight alignment field of a point, then the visual target (reference point) to the left of the bit width, the width multiplied by 10 is the standing point of the distance to the target. This method can be used to estimate the big error.。
跳眼测距法跳眼法是中国军队使用的一种简易测距方法。
观察者面向目标，伸出右手大拇指于两眼之间，闭上左眼，用右眼通过拇指的一侧对准目标，然后用左眼通过拇指同一侧观察，记住左眼视线对准的物体，估算出该物体与目标之间的距离，然后乘以10倍，便是目标距离。
/ C v. N- f. c2 M5 P: X此方法多用于行军和炮兵定位粗测，且是每个士兵必修。
而狙击手很少用手指测距，因为手指测距要将手臂伸直，很容易暴露自己，狙击手多直接用目测。
手指测距一般能估测2-4公里（有明显地物，如房子，树等时适用），经验丰富的士兵误差不超过200米，目测一般用来估测一公里内距离，误差50米以里。
手指测距和目测都是需要长期练习的，还要了解一般地物的大小，及其在不同距离的视觉大小，能熟练利用距离已知的参照物进行比较等。
传说美军也有类似的简易测距法：右拳紧握，拇指平放，平伸右臂，闭上左眼，用右眼在拇指的上侧刚好观察到目标，如果目标刚好一步跨过，则你和目标相距100码，如果目标刚好两步跨过，则你和目标相距200码………………' z) W' K E& }% l) y' P. w% k$ i. L跳眼法可以通过下面的方式进行练习：2 k% V( q1 m z. O+ k3 T- j" O一.在墙上画出两条直线距离是标准的一米（线条高低不限）二.用尺子在地上量出一段精准10米的距离划线$ j6 }* u9 `6 y1 Dh) u7 m# H9 Z; H三.脚的最前方顶住线（不能越过）四.平举右手手握拳大拇指向上翘起五.闭上左眼用右眼从翘起的大拇指最左侧望去调整手臂让墙上的一米线最左侧与拇指最左侧平齐4 l) `% F d- y8 f3 j4 {- n, t E六.身体姿势不动闭上右眼同时睁开左眼此时拇指的左侧因视角不同也相对右移（注意：不是叫你去移动手臂）( Z$ q2 ^+ z7 k, C8 Y七.跳眼的要求在于，左眼看和右眼看的拇指移动距离，刚好是墙上一米线的头和尾（也就是一米）如果大于或小于一米请你调整身体姿势或者调整手臂姿势（也就是调整拇指与眼睛的距离距离近则大反之则小）直到刚好一米。
军事上炮兵所用的拇指测距，是什么原理？在那个激情燃烧的岁月里，我军战士往往能够在兵力和装备居于劣势的情势下，以少胜多，以弱克强，战胜顽敌。
这不仅需要一不怕苦，二不怕死的牺牲精神，更需要成熟的作战技巧与高超的战术素养。
平型关战斗中的八路军譬如说在枪林弹雨的环境下，如何凭借简陋的装备用最快的速度锁定敌人的位置，并将其送上西天，就是一门看似平常而实则深奥的大学问。
今天我们就来为大家献上几种我军战士常用的目测距离的量地大法。
八路军迫击炮手其一，比较法。
在很多作战地域往往都会有一些呈一定规律排布的建筑物，而且这些建筑物两两之间的间距又常常是一致的。
那么在这种情况下，用这些已知间距的长度做“尺子”，与所要测的目标距离相比较，即可测出概略距离。
徒步行军例如，部队若在两侧有电线杆的公路上与敌军突然遭遇，且各电线杆之间的距离是恒定且已知的，那么敌我双方的间距既可被这些电线杆分成几个大体相等的地段，这时再用每个地段间的已知距离乘以地段数，就可以测算出敌我间距的大致长度。
当然这种方法只适合在比较平坦的地形上使用，若所测量的距离上有深谷、洼地、小河等地形时，则该方法就不灵了。
其二，能见度测距法。
这种测距方法是指根据对不同距离上的地物和目标能看到的景况来判定距离。
同一物体或目标，若距离不同，看到的境况也就不同。
在天公作美的条件下，视力正常的人，对不同距离上的目标和地物所能看到的景况分别为：200米能大致看出敌人的模样，还能清敌人的穿戴和对方阵地铁丝网上的铁丝。
300——400米能辨别出敌军衣服的颜色是红还是绿，还能看出敌军步兵携带的武器是枪还是炮（无后坐力炮、火箭筒之类的装备）。
500——600米能辨别出敌人的轮廓，也就是说可以大致知道敌人的胖瘦高矮。
此外，还能看出敌人的胳膊和大腿此时此刻在做什么，并可看到敌方阵地上铁丝网周围的木桩。
700——800米能看出人走动或者跑步时两腿的运动，是瘸子还是正常人一眼就能分得清。
在冬日的阳光下，白色是很好的伪装色不过也要注意的是，在用能见度测距法判定距离时，由于天候、目标情况、地形背景的不同，有时容易产生一定的误差。
