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生物资源2021，43(1 ):17〜25Biotic ResourcesDOI：10. 14188/j. ajsh. 2021. 01. 003微生物脱氮过程中氧化亚氮的释放机理及减释措施何腾霞+，陈梦苹+,丁晨雨，李祝，刘玉婷，王婧(贵州大学生命科学学院/农业生物工程研究院山地植物资源保护与种质创新教育部重点实验室/高原山地 动物遗传育种与繁殖教育部重点实验室，贵州贵阳550025;)摘要：微生物脱氮是去除废水中含氮污染物质的重要方法，微生物的种类及其生存环境不同会导致其释放N z O的途径及 机理具有差异性。
本文系统地综述了脱氮过程产生>120微生物的种类、特点及其释放1^20的多重途径，综合分析了参与n2o 形成的相关酶类和影响队〇释放的关键因素，同时，提出了减缓生物脱氮过程释放队〇的相关措施，对未来脱氮工艺的优化与N20释放的控制提供新思路。
关键词：N20;脱氮微生物种类；N20产生途径；酶类中图分类号：Q89 文献标志码：A 文章编号：2096-3491(2021)01-0017-09The release mechanism of nitrous oxide during microbial nitrogen removal process and related measures to lower its emissionHE Tengxia,CHEN Mengping,DING Chenyu,LI Zhu,LIU Yuting,WANG Jing (Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education)/ Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China)Abstract：Biological nitrogen removal is an important method to remove nitrogen-containing pollutants in wastewater. However, the different types of microorganisms and their living environments would lead to differences in the ways and mechanisms of N20emission. This article systematically reviews the types and characteristics of microorganisms that produce N20, and the multiple pathways of N20 emission during nitrogen removal process. We comprehensively analyze the corresponding enzymes involved in the formation of N20 and key factors affecting N20release. Meanwhile, some relevant measures are proposed to lower N20emission in the biological denitrification process. This paper would provide new ideas for the optimization of the future biological denitrification process and the control of N20 release.K eyw ords：N20;denitrifying microbe ；N20 producing pathway ；enzyme〇引言到目前为止，释放到环境中的活性氮已超过了地球的可承受范围，含氮污染物的过量积累对生态系统的功能和稳定性有着严重的影响。
氧化还原滴定法英语Redox titration is a common analytical technique used in chemistry to determine the concentration of a given substance. It involves a process called oxidation and reduction and is widely used in industrial and laboratory settings. Here's an overview of how the redox titration technique works.Step 1: Preparation of the SolutionThe first step in redox titration is to prepare a solution of the substance you want to analyze. This involves dissolvingthe substance in a solvent, which must be carefully chosen depending on the substance being analyzed. The solvent used must not react with the substance or interfere with the chemical reaction taking place, as this could affect the results.Step 2: Choosing the Titration AgentOnce the solution is prepared, the next step is to select the titration agent. The titration agent is a substance thatreacts with the analyte, which is the substance being analyzed. The choice of the titration agent depends on the chemistry of the analyte, as well as the sensitivity of the reaction.Step 3: Setting up the Titration ApparatusTo perform the titration, you will need a burette, which is a graduated glass cylinder that dispenses precise volumes ofthe titration agent. The burette is filled with the titration agent, and the analyte solution is placed in a flask below it.A few drops of an indicator solution may also be added tohelp signal the endpoint of the titration.Step 4: Performing the TitrationWith the apparatus set up, the next step is to perform the titration. This involves adding the titration agent slowly to the analyte solution while stirring constantly. As the titration progresses, the analyte will react with thetitration agent until it reaches a point where all the analyte has reacted. The endpoint of the titration is reached when the indicator changes color, signaling the completion of the reaction.Step 5: Calculating the ResultsOnce the titration is complete, the volume of titration agent used is recorded, along with the concentration of thetitration agent. The concentration of the analyte can then be calculated using stoichiometry – a branch of chemistry that deals with the calculation of the quantities of reactants and products involved in a chemical reaction.In conclusion, redox titration is a useful analytical technique used in chemistry to determine the concentration of a given substance. It involves a step-wise process of preparing the solution, selecting the titration agent,setting up the apparatus, performing the titration, and calculating the results. By following these steps, it is possible to obtain accurate and precise results, making redox titration an essential tool in many industries and laboratories.。
第28卷第1期2019年2月矿 冶MINING *METALLURGYV ol.28, No.1February 2019d o i：10.3969/j. issn.1005-7854.2019. 01.008S X F-S A F法处理某高泥氧化铅锌矿试验研究景满1章晓林12 赵文迪1王其宏12 申培伦1(1.昆明理工大学国土资源工程学院，昆明650093;2.昆明理工大学省部共建复杂有色金属资源清洁利用国家重点实验室，昆明650093)摘要：根据四川某高泥氧化铅锌矿中铅、锌氧化率高，且白铅矿、菱锌矿、褐（针）铁矿密切共生的特点，采用硫化一黄药浮选法（SXF)+硫化一胺浮选法（SAF)对铅、锌进行回收。
结果表明，浮铅阶段使用水玻璃和腐殖酸钠组合药剂作为矿浆调整剂，可有效地抑制矿泥对浮选的影响；采用先硫后氧原则并使用异丁黄作为浮铅阶段捕收剂，半闭路试验莸得铅精矿中铅品位与回收率分别为66.10%、88.29%;浮锌阶段采用十二胺作为捕收剂、硫化钠作为硫化剂、Z j S04作为调整剂，半闭路试验莸得锌精矿中锌品位与回收率分别为19.41[、87.09%。
关键词！SXF-SAF;氧化铅锌矿；浮选；半闭路试验；组合抑制剂中图分类号：TD923;TD952文献标志码：A文章编号：10057854 (2019) 01-0035-07Experimental research on the mineral processing technology for separating a high mud oxide lead-zinc ore based on SXF-SAF methodJ IN G M a n1Z H A N G X ia o-lin1.2Z H A O W en-d i1W A N G Q i-h o n g1.2S H E N Pei-lu n1(1. F a c u lty o f L a n d R e so u r c e E n g in e e r in g,K u n m in g U n iv e r sity o f S c i e n c e a n d T e c h n o lo g y ,K u n m in g 650093,C h in a；2.N a tio n a l K ey L a b o r a to r y fo r C le a n A p p lica tio n o f C o m p lex N o n-ferro u s M e ta l R eso u rces,K u n m in g U n iv ersity o f S c ie n c e a n d T ech n o lo g y, K u n m in g 650093, C h in a)A b s tra c t：T h e s u lfu r-x a n th a te flo ta tio n(S X F)and th e s u lfid e-a m in e flo ta tio n(S A F)w ere used to recover lead and zinc fro m th e lead-zinc oxide o re,and the good ta rg e t o f flo ta tio n is o b ta in ch a ra cte risties o f the close association o f C e ru s s ite,S m ith s o n ite and lim o n ite(g o e th ite)and h ig h o x id a tio nra te in a lead-zinc oxide o re.C erussite and galena w ere flo a te d s e le ctive ly using sodium hum ate andN a2S iO3as com bined depressant fo r slim e and is o b u ty l xa n th a te as C o lle c to r fo r C erussite and galena in thele a d-flo ta tio n phase.it w as a lead concentrate assaying 66. 10 %Pb w it h88. 29 %re co ve ry.S m ith s o n ite was flo a te d s e le ctive ly using Z nS O4as m o d ifie r,la u ry lam ine as c o lle c to r and N a2S as c u rin g flo ta tio n phase.I t w as a zinc concentrate assaying19. 41 %Z n w ith 87. 09 %reco ve ry th a t w as achievedfro m th e lead-zinc oxide ore in sem i-closed c irc u it te s ts.K ey w o rd s：S X F-S A F；o xide lead-zinc o re；flo ta tio n；sem i-closed c irc u it te s t；com bined depressor当今社会有色金属已成为决定一个国家经济、科学技术、国防建设等发展极为重要的物质基础，收稿日期2018-06-21基金项目：国家自然科学基金资助项目（51264019);昆明理工大学分析测试基金资助项目（2016T200)第一作者：景满，硕士研究生，主要研究方向为浮选理论与。
宁波“PEP”24年小学英语第一单元测验试卷考试时间：100分钟（总分:100）A卷考试人：_________题号一二三四五总分得分一、综合题(共计100题)1、填空题：The country of Argentina is famous for its ________ (阿根廷以其________而闻名).2、What do we call the process of removing waste from the body?A. DigestionB. ExcretionC. AbsorptionD. Metabolism答案：B3、听力题：A balanced chemical equation has the same number of ______ on each side.4、What is the main ingredient in pancakes?A. FlourB. SugarC. EggsD. Milk答案:A5、填空题：I love to ______ (与朋友一起) watch movies.6、听力题：Acidic substances have a pH level less than ______.7、填空题：In _____ (日本), sushi is a popular dish.8、Which body part is used for hearing?A. EyesB. EarsC. NoseD. Mouth答案:B9、填空题：The ________ (香味) of flowers can be pleasant.10、填空题：The __________ (史前时期) gives insight into early human life.11、填空题：The _____ (rose) has thorns and a lovely scent.12、What is the capital of Eritrea?A. AsmaraB. KerenC. MassawaD. Assab答案: A13、填空题：The elephant is the largest ______ on land.14、What color is a ripe banana?A. GreenB. YellowC. RedD. Blue15、听力题：A circuit needs a power source to ______.16、填空题：The first person to climb Mount Everest was _______. (希拉里)17、填空题：The otter uses tools to crack open ________________ (食物).18、What is the capital of Italy?A. VeniceB. MilanC. RomeD. Florence答案: C19、听力题：It is _____ (cold) today.20、What do we call the act of gathering information?A. ResearchB. InquiryC. InvestigationD. All of the above答案: D21、What is the capital of France?A. BerlinB. MadridC. ParisD. Rome22、What is the term for a young cat?A. KittenB. PupC. CubD. Calf答案:A. Kitten23、填空题：I saw a _______ (小猴子) swinging in the trees.24、填空题：My cousin enjoys __________ (参加) family gatherings.25、填空题：My favorite food is ________ (披萨).26、填空题：The __________ (历史的实用性) informs policy-making.27、听力题：The __________ is the central part of an atom containing protons and neutrons.28、听力题：The __________ is the amount of space occupied by a substance.29、听力题：The _____ (socks) are mismatched.30、听力题：The process of respiration produces __________ and carbon dioxide.31、听力题：A __________ is a substance that helps speed up a reaction.32、Which animal is known for its ability to fly?A. FishB. BirdC. CatD. Dog答案:B33、听力题：The ________ (caterpillar) turns into a butterfly.34、填空题：The __________ is a major agricultural area in the United States. (中西部)35、Which animal is known for its ability to fly at high altitudes?A. EagleB. SparrowC. PenguinD. Ostrich答案:A36、填空题：A _____ (海狮) barks loudly on the beach.37、填空题：The ancient Greeks used ______ (戏剧) for entertainment.38、填空题：A rabbit can make great ______ (宠物).39、填空题：I enjoy playing with my ________ (玩具名称) outside.40、听力题：A ________ is a large open area of land.41、填空题：We have a toy ____ that we can control with a remote. (玩具名称)42、听力题：Endothermic reactions require energy, usually in the form of ______.43、听力题：Breathing in oxygen and exhaling carbon dioxide is part of the ________ cycle.44、填空题：The __________ (历史的展望) shapes our vision for the future.45、听力题：A chemical reaction that occurs when two substances combine is called a ______ reaction.46、填空题：The ______ (自然) is full of surprises.47、听力题：The _______ can be a perfect subject for drawing.48、听力题：I need to ___ (pack/unpack) my bag.49、填空题：A lion is a brave _______ that lives in the jungle.50、听力题：A chemical reaction that occurs without the need for heat is called a _____.51、选择题：What is 8 + 4?A. 10B. 11C. 12D. 1452、填空题：Did you ever see a _______ (小蜻蜓) hovering by the water?53、What do we call a scientist who studies the atmosphere and weather patterns?A. MeteorologistB. ClimatologistC. BiologistD. Ecologist答案:A54、填空题：The children are _______ (在玩耍) outside.55、听力题：Acids can conduct ______ when dissolved in water.56、What is the name of the famous American singer known for her powerful voice?A. Aretha FranklinB. Whitney HoustonC. Mariah CareyD. Adele答案:B57、What is the name of the fairy tale character who leaves a glass slipper at a ball?a. Sleeping Beautyb. Snow Whitec. Cinderellad. Rapunzel答案:c58、community engagement toolkit) provides resources for involvement. 填空题：The ____59、What do you call the person who flies an airplane?A. DriverB. PilotC. SailorD. Engineer答案:B60、填空题：I enjoy writing ______ (短篇小说) in my free time. It allows me to express my imagination.61、听力题：Astronauts travel to space in a ______.62、填空题：The __________ (历史的展示) engages the public.63、Which gas do we breathe?A. HeliumB. OxygenC. Carbon DioxideD. Nitrogen答案：B64、What is the name of our planet?A. MarsB. EarthC. MoonD. Sun答案:B65、听力题：The pH scale ranges from to _____.66、听力题：My dad works in an _____ (办公室).67、选择题：What do we call the study of weather?A. GeologyB. AstronomyC. MeteorologyD. Biology68、填空题：The ________ can glide on the water.69、听力题：Astronauts experience weightlessness when in ______.70、How do you say "mountain" in Spanish?A. MontañaB. MassifC. GebirgeD. Mont71、What is the name of our galaxy?A. Milky WayB. AndromedaC. OrionD. Triangulum答案:A72、听力题：My friend enjoys playing the ____ (drums).73、What is the sound of a cat?A. BarkB. MeowC. RoarD. Hiss74、填空题：The butterfly has _______ (五彩斑斓) wings.75、What is the name of the famous American monument on Mount Rushmore?A. Abraham LincolnB. George WashingtonC. Thomas JeffersonD. Teddy Roosevelt答案:B76、听力题：Saltwater is an example of a ______.77、填空题：I have a _____ (画板) where I draw pictures of animals.我有一个画板，画动物的图画。
环境工程英语试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. The process of converting pollutants into less harmful substances is known as ________.A. pollutionB. environmental engineeringC. waste managementD. pollution control2. Which of the following is not a primary pollutant?A. Sulfur dioxideB. Nitrogen oxidesC. Particulate matterD. Ground-level ozone3. The main purpose of wastewater treatment is to ________.A. remove harmful substancesB. recycle water for reuseC. both A and BD. neither A nor B4. What is the term used to describe the process of removing contaminants from soil?A. soil remediationB. soil conservationC. soil erosionD. soil fertilization5. The Kyoto Protocol is an international agreement linked to ________.A. global warmingB. acid rainC. ozone depletionD. nuclear waste6. Which of the following is a renewable energy source?A. coalB. natural gasC. solar energyD. oil7. The greenhouse effect is primarily caused by ________.A. carbon monoxideB. carbon dioxideC. methaneD. all of the above8. What is the term for the process of breaking down organic matter by microorganisms?A. decompositionB. combustionC. incinerationD. digestion9. The use of bioremediation involves ________.A. chemical reactionsB. biological processesC. mechanical processesD. thermal processes10. The most common method for measuring air quality is through ________.A. air samplingB. water samplingC. soil samplingD. noise level measurement二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. The ________ is a set of international rules aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions.2. ________ is the process of treating and purifying water to make it safe for human consumption.3. ________ is a type of pollution that affects the quality of the air we breathe.4. The ________ is a global environmental issue that refers to the loss of biodiversity.5. ________ is a method of waste management that involves the controlled burning of waste.6. ________ is the science of studying the impact of human activities on the environment.7. ________ is a term used to describe the sustainable use of natural resources.8. ________ is a type of pollution that affects the quality of water bodies.9. ________ is a renewable energy source that can be used to generate electricity.10. ________ is the process of removing contaminants from the environment.三、简答题（每题10分，共40分）1. Explain the difference between primary and secondary pollutants.2. Describe the role of environmental impact assessments in environmental engineering.3. What are the main challenges faced in solid waste management?4. Discuss the importance of sustainable development in environmental engineering.四、论述题（20分）Discuss the role of environmental engineering in addressing climate change, including the strategies and technologies used to mitigate and adapt to its effects.答案：一、选择题1-5 DCBDA6-10 CDBCA二、填空题1. Kyoto Protocol2. Water purification3. Air pollution4. Biodiversity loss5. Incineration6. Environmental science7. Sustainable development8. Water pollution9. Wind energy10. Remediation三、简答题1. Primary pollutants are those that are directly emitted from a source, such as sulfur dioxide from a power plant. Secondary pollutants are formed in the environment as aresult of chemical reactions between primary pollutants, such as ground-level ozone formed from nitrogen oxides andvolatile organic compounds.2. Environmental impact assessments are used to evaluate the potential environmental effects of a proposed project or action. They help identify ways to minimize negative impacts and enhance positive ones, ensuring that development is sustainable.3. Challenges in solid waste management include waste generation rates outpacing disposal capacity, lack of proper waste segregation, and inadequate recycling and composting facilities. Additionally, there is a need for public awareness and participation in waste reduction and recycling efforts.4. Sustainable development is crucial in environmental engineering as it ensures that environmental protection and economic growth can coexist. It involves using resources efficiently, reducing waste, and protecting ecosystems to meet the needs of the present without compromising theability of future generations to meet their own needs.四、论述题Environmental engineering plays a critical role in addressing climate change by developing and implementing strategies and technologies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and increase resilience to climate impacts. Mitigation strategies include carbon capture and storage, energy efficiency improvements,and the promotion of renewable energy sources. Adaptation strategies involve designing infrastructure to withstand more extreme weather events, implementing water conservation measures, and developing early warning systems for natural disasters. Technologies such as smart grids。
硝酸盐还原英语Nitrate Reduction in EnglishNitrates are a class of chemical compounds that consist of a nitrogen atom bonded to three oxygen atoms. They are ubiquitous in the environment, playing a crucial role in various natural and anthropogenic processes. One of the most significant aspects of nitrates is their ability to undergo reduction, a process in which the nitrogen atom in the nitrate molecule is converted to a different form, often with important implications for environmental and industrial applications.The reduction of nitrates is a complex and multifaceted process that can occur through both biological and chemical pathways. In the natural environment, the reduction of nitrates is primarily driven by the activities of various microorganisms, such as bacteria and archaea, which utilize nitrates as an electron acceptor in their metabolic processes. This process, known as denitrification, is a crucial component of the global nitrogen cycle, as it helps to remove excess nitrates from aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems.The denitrification process involves a series of enzymatic reactions inwhich nitrates are sequentially reduced to nitrites, nitric oxide, nitrous oxide, and finally, molecular nitrogen. The enzymes responsible for these reactions are collectively known as nitrate reductases, and they are produced by a diverse array of microorganisms, including both heterotrophic and autotrophic species.The reduction of nitrates can also occur through chemical pathways, particularly in industrial and agricultural settings. In these contexts, the reduction of nitrates is often employed as a means of mitigating the environmental impact of nitrate-rich waste streams or as a method of producing valuable chemical products.One of the most prominent examples of the chemical reduction of nitrates is the production of nitric oxide (NO), a highly reactive gas that has a wide range of applications in both the industrial and medical fields. Nitric oxide is produced through the reduction of nitrates using various reducing agents, such as hydrogen gas or organic compounds. This process is particularly important in the production of fertilizers, as nitric oxide is a key precursor to the synthesis of ammonia, a critical component of many agricultural fertilizers.Another important application of nitrate reduction is the treatment of wastewater and the removal of excess nitrates from aquaticenvironments. In this context, the reduction of nitrates is often coupled with the use of biological denitrification processes, in which microorganisms are used to convert nitrates into harmless nitrogen gas. This approach is particularly valuable in addressing the problem of eutrophication, a phenomenon in which excessive nutrient inputs, including nitrates, can lead to the overgrowth of algae and the depletion of dissolved oxygen in aquatic ecosystems.The reduction of nitrates also plays a role in the production of certain pharmaceutical and industrial chemicals. For example, the reduction of nitrates can be used to synthesize various organic compounds, such as amines and nitriles, which are important building blocks for a wide range of chemical products.Despite the numerous benefits of nitrate reduction, there are also some potential drawbacks and challenges associated with this process. One of the most significant concerns is the potential for the formation of nitrite, a compound that can be toxic to both humans and the environment. Additionally, the reduction of nitrates can also lead to the production of other potentially harmful compounds, such as nitric oxide and nitrous oxide, which can contribute to air pollution and climate change.To address these challenges, researchers and industry professionals are continually working to develop more efficient andenvironmentally-friendly methods of nitrate reduction. This includes the development of new catalysts and enzymatic systems, as well as the optimization of existing processes to minimize the formation of unwanted byproducts.In conclusion, the reduction of nitrates is a complex and multifaceted process with a wide range of applications in both the natural and industrial realms. From the removal of excess nitrates in aquatic environments to the production of valuable chemical products, the reduction of nitrates plays a crucial role in shaping the world around us. As our understanding of this process continues to evolve, it is likely that we will see even more innovative and sustainable approaches to nitrate reduction in the years to come.。
锌对根霉和酵母生长的影响秦恩华(湖北民族学院生物科学与技术学院,湖北恩施445000)摘要 [目的]选出最适合根霉与酵母生长的锌浓度,为含锌根霉及酵母的生产提供理论依据。
[方法]分别从4个酒曲厂的酒曲中分离纯化得到根霉和酵母菌种,用不同锌浓度的液体培养基培养,观测其菌落的生长情况并对其生物量进行统计分析。
[结果]来自后山湾的酒曲的根霉生长最好,来自金子坝的酒曲的酵母生长最好。
不同浓度锌对根霉与酵母生长的影响有较大的不同,当锌浓度在0～1m g/L 范围内时,孢子长势较好,孢子数增加了1倍;当锌浓度超过5m g/L 时,孢子数下降,且锌浓度越高孢子数越少。
锌浓度为1m g/L 时最适合两株菌生长。
当锌浓度在0～1m g/L 范围内时,菌落生长良好,1m g/L 锌浓度的菌落重量为无锌菌落的两倍。
[结论]低浓度锌促进根霉与酵母的生长,高浓度锌抑制其生长。
关键词 锌;根霉;酵母中图分类号 TQ920.4 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611(2009)17-07887-02In flu en c e o f Z in c on th e G row th o f Rh izopus sp p.an d Ye a s t Q I N E n -h ua (S ch o o l o f B io log ica l S c ien ce an d T ech n o logy ,H ube i U n ive rs ity fo r N a tion a litie s ,E n sh i ,H u be i 445000)A b s tra c t [O b je ctive]T h e pu rpose o f th e resea rch w a s to se lect ou t th e m os t su itab le zin c con cn.fo r th e g row th o f R h izopus spp.an d yea st so as to supp ly th eo re tica l fou nda tionfo r th e ir p rodu ction.[M e th od]R h izopu s spp.and yea st stra i n s w e re iso la ted an d pu r ified fromth e distille rs yea sts p rodu ced by 4k o ji p lan ts ,th ey w e re cu ltu red inli qu id m ed ia w ith d iffe ren t z in c con cn.for ob se rv in g th e g row thsta tu s o f th e ir co lon ie s an d ca lcu la tin g an d an a ly z-in g th e ir b iom a sse s .[R esu lt]T h e R h izopu s spp.iso la ted fro mth e d istille rs ye as ts p rodu ced from H ou sh anw an g rew bes t an d th e y ea st iso la ted fromth e d istille rs yea sts p rodu ced fromJ in ziba g rewbest .T h e i n flu en ce s o f d iffe ren t z in c con cn.onth e g row th o f R h izo pus spp .an d yea st h ad re la tiv e ly b ig d iffer-en ce.W h en th e z i n c con cn.w a s 0-1m g/L,th e g row th po ten tia l o f th e ir spo re s w a s re la tive ly good an d th e ir spo re n um be rs w e re in creased by 1ti m e.W h enth e zin c con cn.ex ceeded 5m g/L ,th e ir spo re n um be rs w e re decrea sed an d th e h igh e r th e zin c con cn.w as ,th e less th e ir spo re num ber s w e re.T h e z in c con cn.o f 1m g/L w a s m o st su itable fo r th e ir g row th.W h enth e z in c con cn.w a s 0-1m g/L ,th e ir co lon ies g rew w e ll .T h e co lon y w e igh t w ith zin c con cn.a t 1m g/L w a s 2ti m es o f th a t w ith ou t zin c .[C on c l u sion ]T h e lowzin c con cn.w ou l d p ro m o te th e g row th o f R hizopu s spp.an d ye as t an d th e h igh z in c con cn.w ou ld in h ibit th e ir g row th.K e y w o rd s Z i n c ;R h izopu s spp .;Y ea st作者简介 秦恩华(1964-),女,湖北恩施人,实验师,从事微生物生理生态和生物硒营养的研究。
化工进展Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress2023 年第 42 卷第 12 期纤维素水热炭化液相与玉米秸秆混合发酵有机物转化与产气特性王浩1，2，邸璐1，2，王芳1，2，张德俐1，2，易维明1，2，李永军1，2，沈秀丽3（1 山东理工大学农业工程与食品科学学院，山东 淄博 255000；2 山东省清洁能源工程技术研究中心，山东 淄博 255000；3 农业农村部规划设计研究院，农业农村部农业废弃物能源化利用重点实验室，北京 100125）摘要：为实现生物质资源的无害化处理与多级利用，本研究旨在探究纤维素水热炭化液相和玉米秸秆混合发酵过程中有机物转化及产气特性。
为探究水热反应条件对混合发酵过程的影响，开展了不同条件水热炭化液相与玉米秸秆混合发酵实验。
结果表明，与秸秆单发酵相比，在200℃（保温30min 、60min 、120min ）和230℃（保温60min ）条件下制备的水热液相和秸秆混合发酵的产气分别提升了7.32%、4.42%、22.08%、21.76%，其中甲烷最大累积量为1387mL 。
水热时间的延长和水热温度升高对最终产甲烷量都具有正向的促进作用；液相中的呋喃及其衍生物等抑制物并未对混合厌氧发酵产生明显的负面效果，反而被微生物分解为糠基醇等有机物，促进产气。
水热炭化液相的加入促进了氢还原二氧化碳途径产甲烷菌的生长，协同乙酸产甲烷途径，促进了甲烷的生产。
本研究结果可为优化水热炭化有机废液与秸秆混合发酵工艺提供理论基础。
关键词：混合发酵；水热炭化；液相；玉米秸秆；菌群结构中图分类号：TH3 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1000-6613（2023）12-6666-10Organic matter conversion and methane production characteristics duringanaerobic co -digestion of corn stover and aqueous phase derived from cellulose hydrothermal carbonizationWANG Hao 1，2，DI Lu 1，2，WANG Fang 1，2，ZHANG Deli 1，2，YI Weiming 1，2，LI Yongjun 1，2，SHEN Xiuli 3(1 College of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, Shandong,China; 2 Shandong Research Center of Engineering & Technology for Clean Energy, Zibo 255000, Shandong, China;3Academy of Agricultural Planning and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Energy Resource Utilization from AgricultureResidue, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100125, China)Abstract: In order to realize the harmless treatment and multi-stage utilization of biomass resources, this study aimed to explore the transformation process of organic matter and methane production characteristics during the anaerobic co -digestion of corn stover and aqueous phase derived from cellulosehydrothermal carbonization. The anaerobic co -digestion experiment of the two feedstocks was carried out.研究开发DOI ：10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2023-0047收稿日期：2023-01-10；修改稿日期：2023-04-25。
小学上册英语第6单元真题[含答案]英语试题一、综合题(本题有50小题，每小题1分，共100分.每小题不选、错误，均不给分)1 The gas released when vinegar reacts with baking soda is ______.2 I have a _______ (ticket) for the concert.3 I have a _______ (collection) of stamps.4 The process of extracting metals from ores is called _______.5 The ______ (气味) of flowers can be very pleasant.6 My friend has a kind ____.7 I saw a ladybug on a ______.8 A ____ is known for its long ears and quick movements.9 The Amazon rainforest is primarily found in __________.10 My aunt has a pet ______ (狗), and it is very friendly.11 He is a soldier, ______ (他是一名士兵), who protects our country.12 The ______ (树根) support the plant's structure.13 What do you call the place where you learn about history?A. LibraryB. MuseumC. SchoolD. Classroom14 Which fruit is known for being fuzzy?a. Bananab. Kiwic. Peachd. Apple答案:C15 I enjoy _______ (参与) community events.16 The bronze age followed the ________ age.17 What is the capital of Botswana?a. Gaboroneb. Francistownc. Maund. Kasane答案:a18 A ___ (小刺猬) searches for food at night.19 An electromagnet is created by passing electricity through a ______ (coil).20 The ________ was a key battle during the Vietnam War.21 Which sport is played with a bat and ball?A. SoccerB. BasketballC. BaseballD. Tennis22 The chemical symbol for tin is ______.23 What is the name of the famous American landmark known for its giant redwood trees?A. Yosemite National ParkB. Sequoia National ParkC. Redwood National ParkD. Grand Canyon National Park答案: B. Sequoia National Park24 What is the opposite of clean?A. DirtyB. NeatC. TidyD. Spotless25 The classroom is ______ (full) of students.26 I want to _____ (travel/go) to the beach.27 The cake is ________ (松软).28 What is the main language spoken in the United States?a. Spanishb. Frenchc. Englishd. German答案:c29 兔子) hops around in the garden. The ___30 The __________ is important for keeping bones strong.31 The process of filtration separates solids from ______.32 The ______ (小鸡) pecks at the ground, looking for seeds and ______ (虫子).33 Plants use sunlight to make food through ______.34 The _____ (狐狸) is known for its cleverness.35 An octopus has ______ arms.36 小羊羔) plays with its siblings. The ___37 He is going to the ___. (store)38 My favorite sport is _______ (游泳).39 The ____ has a shiny shell found on beaches.40 My sister studies _______ (科目). 她觉得这个科目很 _______ (形容词).41 My sister loves to __________ (创造) art projects.42 What do you call a fruit that is yellow and has a peel?A. BananaB. AppleC. OrangeD. Grape答案:A43 A chemical reaction that involves the transfer of electrons is called a ______ reaction.44 The process of respiration produces __________ and carbon dioxide.45 A _______ can flourish in various conditions.46 What do you call a person who speaks two languages?A. MonolingualB. BilingualC. TrilingualD. Polyglot答案：B47 What is the name of the famous lion in "The Lion King"?a. Simbab. Mufasac. Scard. Nala答案:a48 My sister is good at __________ (语言).49 Where does the president live?A. White HouseB. Buckingham PalaceC. KremlinD. Eiffel Tower50 What is the name of the famous river that runs through Egypt?A. AmazonB. NileC. MississippiD. Yangtze51 My favorite season is __________ because I love __________.52 I want to _____ (discover) new places.53 A frog's webbed feet help it ______ (游泳).54 She enjoys ________ (facilitating) workshops.55 The crab scuttles across the _______ (沙子).56 The ancient Egyptians used hieroglyphics for _____.57 What do you call the main character in a novel?A. ProtagonistB. AntagonistC. Supporting characterD. Narrator答案:A58 What do you call the person who teaches students?A. DoctorB. TeacherC. ChefD. Engineer59 What is the name of the famous ancient city in Jordan?A. PetraB. JerashC. AmmanD. All of the above60 I like to bake ______ (蛋糕).61 A ______ is a type of insect that can be very colorful.62 The chef, ______ (厨师), teaches cooking classes.63 The ________ (花卉设计) is a creative art.64 An asteroid belt is located between Mars and ______.65 I have a picture of my ____.66 What part of the plant absorbs nutrients from the soil?A. LeavesB. RootsC. StemD. Flowers答案:B67 We see a _____ (movie) tonight.68 He is a musician, ______ (他是一位音乐家), writing his own songs.69 The rabbit is ___ (hiding) in the bushes.70 The study of Earth's geological history is crucial for understanding ______.71 The main component of cholesterol is _____.72 What do you call the main character in a story?A. HeroB. VillainC. ProtagonistD. Antagonist答案:C73 A ladybug is often seen on ______ (绿叶).74 My favorite season is ______ (fall).75 The rabbit has sharp _________. (牙齿)76 What do you call a story that is told using pictures?A. NovelB. ComicC. BiographyD. Poem答案:B77 The chemical formula for citric acid is ______.78 The _______ of light can create different colors when passing through a prism.79 I have a pet ______ (狗).80 Where do you store cold food?A. OvenB. MicrowaveC. RefrigeratorD. Cabinet答案: C81 What do we call a person who writes poems?A. NovelistB. PoetC. AuthorD. Lyricist82 Mars is known for its ______ landscape.83 A cat has excellent ______ (视力) at night.84 The ______ helps with the absorption of nutrients from food.85 My sister is talented at ____.86 I want to _____ (write) a story.87 The gas that is commonly used in balloons is ______.88 The __________ is perfect for a day at the park. (气候)89 The _______ (Spanish-American War) resulted in the US gaining territories.90 The ______ teaches us how to play instruments.91 The _______ (小狼) howls at the moon during the night.92 We need to _______ (保护) the environment.93 What do we call the study of the interaction of living organisms with their environment?A. EcologyB. BiologyC. ZoologyD. Botany答案:A94 _____ (生态农业) promotes healthy ecosystems.95 The Great Barrier Reef is located off the coast of ________.96 ts prefer __________ (阴影) over direct sunlight. Some pla97 resource management) ensures sustainability. The ____98 My grandpa loves to ____.99 The _______ of light can be altered by passing it through a filter. 100 What do we call the place where you keep your car?A. GarageB. DrivewayC. PorchD. Attic答案：A。
