高级英语阅读和写作材料一

Unit OneSection AThe Green Banana 参考译文青香蕉[1] 我与青香蕉的邂逅始于巴西内地一条陡峭的山路上，尽管这样的事也可能发生在其它任何地方。

正当我的老掉牙的吉普车吃力地爬着坡，穿过风景迷人的乡野时，车子散热器开始漏水了，而那里距最近的修理铺有十英里路。

发动机温度太高，逼得我在下一个村庄边把车停下。

村里有一家小店和零散的一些房屋。

人们过来围观。

三股细细的热水从散热器外壳的漏洞喷出。

“这好修理，”一个男人说。

他叫一男孩跑去拿几根青香蕉来。

这人拍着我的肩膀要我相信一切都会解决的。

“青香蕉，”他微笑着说。

周围的人表示赞同。

[2] 我们互相寒暄的同时，我琢磨着青香蕉能会有什么用。

要是追问的话就显得我无知。

所以我就评论起这一带的美景了。

巨大的岩石构造像里约热内卢的糖塔山一样耸立在我们的周围。

“你看见那边那块高高的岩石了吗？”这位要帮我忙的男人指着一座细长高耸的黑色岩块的尖顶问道。

“那块岩石标志着世界的中心。

”[3] 我看着他，想知道他是否在开我玩笑，但他满脸严肃的表情。

这时他也仔细地盯着我，看我是否理解了他那话的含义。

此时此刻需要我做出认可的表示。

“世界的中心？”我重复着。

尽管我不是全然相信，仍竭力表示出我很感兴趣。

他点点头，“绝对是中心。

这一带，人人皆知。

”[4] 这时一个男孩拿着为我摘的青香蕉回来了。

那个人把香蕉掰成两半，把断面压在散热器的外壳上。

香蕉碰在热金属上后，化成了胶状物，立即就把漏洞堵住了。

所有人都被我惊讶的神态逗乐了。

他们重新灌满了我的散热器，并给我了一些备用的香蕉带上。

路上我又用青香蕉堵了一次。

一小时后，我和我的散热器到达了目的地。

当地的机修工笑着对我说：“谁教你用青香蕉的？”我说出了那个村子。

”“他们让你看标志着世界中心的那块岩石了吗？”他问道。

我作了肯定的回答。

“我的爷爷是那儿人。

”他说，“那儿是正中心，这一带的所有人都知道。

”[5] 作为美国高等教育的产物，我还从未对青香蕉发生过一丁点儿兴趣，只不过把它作为一种成熟时机未到的水果。

高级英语测试试题及答案一、词汇与语法（共20分）1. Choose the correct word to fill in the blank.- (1) The company is facing a serious financial crisis; it is on the _______ of bankruptcy.A. vergeB. edgeC. brinkD. border- Answer: C2. Fill in the blank with the appropriate preposition.- (2) The new policy will come into _______ on the first day of next month.A. effectB. useC. practiceD. function- Answer: A二、阅读理解（共30分）3. Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow.- (3) What is the main reason for the decline in the number of honeybees?A. PesticidesB. Climate changeC. Habitat lossD. Disease- Answer: A4. According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?- (4) Honeybees play a crucial role in pollinating crops.A. TrueB. False- Answer: A三、完形填空（共20分）5. Fill in the blanks with the most appropriate words from the options given.- (5) Despite the heavy rain, the marathon runners continued to run _______.A. steadyB. steadilyC. stableD. stably- Answer: B6. Choose the word that best completes the sentence.- (6) The company's profits have _______ this year due to increased sales.A. escalatedB. descendedC. declinedD. ascended- Answer: A四、翻译（共15分）7. Translate the following sentence from English to Chinese. - (7) "The rapid development of technology has changed the way we live."- Answer: 技术的快速发展已经改变了我们的生活方式。

Direction: Read the following passage and do the activities after it.The Hazards of Being an Only Child1 Many people who have grown up in multichild families think that being an only child is the best of all possible worlds. They point such benefits as the child’s annual new wardrobe and the lack of competition for parental love. But single-child status isn’t as good as people say it is. Instead of having everything they want, only children are sometimes denied certain basic needs.2 Only children lack companionship. An only child can have trouble making friends, since he or she isn’t used to being around other children. Often, the only child comes home to an empty house; both parents are working, and there are no brothers or sisters to pl ay with or to talk to about the day. At dinner, the single child can’t tell jokes, giggle, or throw food while the adults discuss boring adult subjects. An only child always has his or her own room but never has anyone to whisper to half the night when sle ep doesn’t come. Some only children thrive on this isolation and channel their energies into creative activities like swimming or drawing. Owing to this lack of companionship, an only child sometimes lacks the social ease and self confidence that come from being part of a close-knit group of contemporaries.3 Second, only children lack privacy. An only child is automatically the center of parental concern. There’s never any doubt about which child tried to sneak in after midnight on a weekday. And who will get the lecture the next morning. Also, whenever an only child gives in to a bad mood, runs into his or her room, and slams the door, the door will open thirty seconds later, revealing an anxious parent. Parents of only children sometimes don’t even understand the child’s need for privacy. For example, they may not understand why a teenager wants a lock on the door or a personal telephone. After all, the parents think, there are only the three of us, there’s no need for secrets.4 Most important, only children lack power. They get all the love, but if something goes wrong, they also get all the punishment. When a bottle of perfume is knocked tothe floor or the television is left on all night, there is no little sister or brother to blame it on. Moreover, an only child has no recourse when asking for a privilege of some kind, such as permission to stay out late or to take an overnight trip with friends. There are no other siblings to point to and say, “You let them do it. Why won’t you let me?” With no allies their own age, only children are always outnumbered, two to one. An only child hasn’t a chance of influencing any major family decisions, either.5 Being an only child isn’t as special as some people think. It’s no fun being without friends, without privacy, and without power in one’s own home. But the child who can triumph over these hardships grows up self-reliant and strong. Perhaps for this reason alone, the hazards are worth it.1.A3. Second, only children lack privacy. An only child is automatically the center of parental concern. There’s never any doubt about which child tried to sneak in after midnight on a weekday. And who will get the lecture the next morning. Also, whenever an only child gives in to a bad mood, runs into his or her room, and slams the door, the door will open thirty seconds later, revealing an anxious parent. Parents of only children sometimes don’t even understand the child’s need for privacy. For example, they may not understand why a teenager wants a lock on the door or a personal telephone. After all, the parents think, there are only the three of us, there’s no need for secrets.2.D4.Most important, only children lack power. They get all the love, but if something goes wrong, they also get all the punishment. When a bottle of perfume is knocked to the floor or the television is left on all night, there is no little sister or brother to blame it on. Moreover, an only child has no recourse when asking for a privilege of some kind, such as permission to stay out late or to take an overnight trip with friends. There are no other siblings to point to and say, “You let them do it. Why won’t you let me?” With no allies their own age, only children are always outnumbered, two to one. An only child hasn’t a chance of influencing any major family decisions, either.。

高级英语作文高级英语作文篇11.提高：Promote、Advance、Enhance 代替Improve2.改变：Transform 代替Change3.强调：Highlight、Stress、Address 代替Emphasize4.培养：Agriculture、Cultivate、Nurture 代替Develop5.破坏：Impair、Undermine[这两个词指抽象意义上的破坏]、Jeopardize、Devastate 代替Break6.保存Preserve、Conserve[保护资源用的就是这个词]，protect这个词用在保护具体的东西代替Keep7.解决Tackle、Address、Resolve 代替Deal with8.需要Require、Necessitate、Call for 代替Need9.黏贴、附着Adhere、Cling 代替Stick10.忽略Ignore、Difference 代替Neglect11.避开Shun 代替Avoid12.普遍的Widespread、Prevalent、Overflow、Rampant、Universal、Ubiquitous 代替Everywhere13.好的Beneficial、Advantageous 代替Good14.有害的Inhumane、Detrimental、Baneful 代替Harmful15.富有的Wealthy、Affluent 代替Rich16.贫穷的Impoverished 代替Poor17.严重的Severe 代替Serious18.明显的Manifest、Apparent、Evident 代替Obvious19.便宜的Economical、Inexpensive 代替Cheap20.重要的Crucial 、Extremely important、Significant(amount or effect large enough to be important) 代替Important21.大量的、充足的Ample、Plentiful 代替Abundant高级英语作文篇21、at the same time 同时for instance 例如2、Besides/what,s more 而且；此外from now on 从此3、but 但是by this time 此时4、after a few days 几天以后certainly 无疑地；当然地5、beside 此外for this purpose 为了这个目的6、of course当然truly 事实上；真实地7、by and large 一般说来thus 因此8、all the same 依然；照样however 然而；无论如何9、to begin with 首先；第一一方面…（另一方面）10、meanwhile 与此同时thirdly 第三11、as a result结果in sum 总之，简而言之12、in the first place 首先；第一on the whole 总起来说13、above all 最重要的是accordingly 于是14、after all 毕竟fortunately 幸运地15、no doubt 无疑地such as 正如16、by doing so 如此to sum up 总而言之17、all in all 总之18、at first 最初for one thing…（for another）19、certainly 当然地；无疑地obviously 显然20、currently 目前；最后recently 最近21、in addition 此外second 第二；第二点22、in fact 事实上unlike 不像……；和……不同23、obviously 明显地later 后来24、as a matter of fact 事实上yet仍；然而；但是25、moreover 而且，此外for another 其次26、in short 简而言之truly 的确27、in fact 事实上similarly 同样地28、still 仍然unfortunately 不幸地29、also/too 并且；又for example 例如30、in addition to…除…之外secondly 第二31、in conclusion 总之，最后undoubtedly 无疑32、at the same time同时；然而luckily 幸运地33、indeed 的确third 第三；第三点34、in brief 简言之no doubt 毫无疑问35、particularly特别地unlike …不像……；和……不同36、anyway 无论如何in spite of 尽管……；虽然……37、though/although 尽管no doubt 无疑地38、at present 现在；当今首先…（其次）…39、finally 最后to conclude 总而言之40、in particular 特别（地）soon 不久41、briefly 简单扼要地to speak frankly 坦白地说42、eventually 最后surely 无疑43、what is more 而且；此外44、in the same way 同样地still 仍然45、at last 最后therefore 因此46、as I have said 如我所述on the whole 总体来说；整个看来47、in a word 总之so 所以48、presently 现在；此刻now 现在49、first（ly）第一in general 一般说来50、even though即使otherwise 否则51、in/by contrast 对比之下on the contrary 相反地52、in the beginning 起初one the one hand…（on the other hand）53、in other words 换句话说so 所以54、after/after that/afterwards此后by this time 此时55、first of all 首先；第一generally speaking 一般地说56、lately 最近to start with 首先；第一57、as has been noted 如前所述in summary 简要地说58、after a while过了一会儿therefore 因此；结果59、by the way 顺便提一句then 然后高级英语作文篇3一、引出开头1：It is well-known to us that……（我们都知道……）==As far as my knowledge is concerned, …（就我所知…）2：Recently the problem of……has been broughtinto focus. ==Nowadays there is a growing concern over ……（最近……问题引起了关注）3：Nowadays（overpopulation）has become a problem we have to face.（现今，人口过剩已成为我们不得不面对的问题）4：Internet has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life. It has brought a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well.（互联网已在我们的生活扮演着越来越重要的角色，它给我们带来了许多好处但也产生了一些严重的问题）5：With the rapid development of science and technology，more and more people believe that……（随着科技的迅速发展，越来越多的人认为……）6：It is a common belief that……==It is commonly believed that……（人们一般认为……）7：A lot of people seem to think that……（很多人似乎认为……）8：It is universally acknowledged that + 句子（全世界都知道...）二、表达不同观点1：People's views on……vary from person to person. Some hold that……However, others believethat……（人们对……的观点因人而异，有些人认为……然而其他人却认为……）2：People may have different opinions on……（人们对……可能会持有不同见解）3：Attitudes towards （drugs）vary from person to person.==Different people hold different attitudes towards（failure）（人们对待吸毒的态度因人而异）4：There are different opinions among people as to……（对于……人们的观点大不相同）三、表示结尾1：In short, it can be said that……（总之，他的意思是……）2：From what has been mentioned above, we can come to the conclusion that……（从上面提到的.，我们可以得出结论……）3：Taking all these factors into consideration, we naturally/reasonably come to the conclusion that……（把所有的这些因素加以考虑，我们自然可以得出结论……）4：Hence/Therefore, we'd better come to the conclusion that……（因此，我们最好的出这样的结论……）5：There is no doubt that (jo有优点也有缺点）6：All in all, we cannot live without……,but at the same time we must try to find out new ways to cope with the problems that would arise.（总之，我们没有……无法生活，但同时我们必须寻求新的解决办法来面对可能出现的新问题）四、提出建议1：It is high time that we put an end to the (trend).（该是我们停止这一趋势的时候了）2：There is no doubt that enough concern must be paid to the problem of……（毫无疑问，对……问题应予以足够重视）3：Obviously ,if we want to do something …it is essential that……（显然，如果我们想要做么事，很重要的是……）4：Only in this way can we ……（只有这样，我们才能……）5：Spare no effort to + V （不遗余力的）五、预示后果1：Obviously，if we don't control the problem, the chances are that……will lead us in danger.（很明显，如果我们不能控制这一问题，很有可能我们会陷入危险）2：No doubt, unless we take effective measures, it is very likely that ……（毫无疑问，除非我们采取有效措施，否则我们很可能会……）3：It is urgent that immediate measures should be taken to stop the situation（很紧迫的是应立即采取措施阻止这一事态的发展）六、表示论证1：From my point of view, it is more reasonable to support the firstopinion rather than the second.(在我看来，支持第一种观点比第二种更有道理)2：I cannot entirely agree with the idea that……（我无法完全同意这一观点）3：As far as I am concerned/In my opinion,……（就我来说……）4：I sincerely believe that……==I am greatly convinced (that)子句.（我真诚地相信……）5：Finally, to speak frankly, there is also a more practical reason why ……（最后，坦率地说，还有另外一个实际的原因……）七、给出原因1：The reason why + 句子~~~ is that + 句子（...的原因是...）2：This phenomenon exists for a number of reasons .First,…….Second,…….Third，……。

高级英语作文高级英语作文五篇在平平淡淡的学习、工作、生活中，大家都尝试过写作文吧，作文是从内部言语向外部言语的过渡，即从经过压缩的简要的、自己能明白的语言，向开展的、具有规范语法结构的、能为他人所理解的外部语言形式的转化。

相信写作文是一个让许多人都头痛的问题，以下是小编为大家整理的高级英语作文5篇，欢迎阅读与收藏。

高级英语作文篇11.强迫coerces into(coerce means you make someone do something s/he does not want to)、compel 代替force2.扩大 magnify(magnify means make something larger than it really is) 代替enlarge3.赞扬extol(stronger than praise)、compliment(polite and politic 代替praise4.刻苦的 assiduous(someone who is assiduous works hard or does things very thoroughly 代替hard-working5.艰巨的 arduous (if something is arduous、it is difficult and tiring、and involves a lot of efforts) 代替difficult6.贫瘠的 barren、infertile(used to describe the soil is so poor that plants cannot be planted on it) 代替poor (soil)7.易碎的brittle、vulnerable(someone who is vulnerable is easily hurt emotionally or physically) 代替fragile8.展示 demonstrate (to demonstrate a fact means tp make it clear to people. ) 代替show9.公正的 impartial(someone who is impartial is able to give a fair opinion or decision on something. ) 代替fair10.袭击assault (physically attack someone)、assail (attack violently) 代替attack11.憎恶 abhor(abhor means you hate something to a extremeextent for moral reasons)、loathe(dislike very much) 代替dislike12. 破坏 devastate (it means damage something very badly、or utterly destroy it. ) 代替ruin13.总是invariably(the same as always、but better than always) 代替always14.永久的perpetual(a perpetual state never changes)、immutable(something immutable will never change or be changed) 代替forever15.吃惊startle(it means surprise you slightly)、astound(surprise you to a large degree),astonish(the same as astound) 代替surprise16.热情zeal (a great enthusiasm)、fervency (sincere and enthusiasm) 代替enthusiasm17.平静的,安静的tranquil(calm and peaceful)、serene(calm and quiet) 代替quiet18.错综复杂的 intricate(if something is intricate、it often has many small parts and details) 代替ccomplex19.独自的solitary (if someone is solitary、there is no one near him/her 代替lonely20.非常小的 minuscule(very small)、minute 代替small高级英语作文篇21.occur 替换think ofSuddenly I had an idea that someone had broken into my house.An idea occurred to me that someone had broken into my house.It occurred to me that someone had broken into my house.2.devote替换spendHe spends all his spare time in reading.He devotes all his spare time to reading.3.seek替换want / look forThey sought (wanted) to hide themselves behind the trees.4.average 替换ordinaryI’m an average (ordinary) student.5.but替换veryThe film we saw last night was very interesting.The film we saw last night was nothing but interesting.The film we saw last night was anything but boring.6.seat 替换sitOn his way to school, he found an old lady seated (sitting) by the road, looking worried.7.suppose 替换shouldHe is supposed to (should) have driven more slowly.8.appreciate 替换thankThank you very much for your help.We appreciate your help very much. / Your help is much appreciated.9.the case替换 trueI don’t think it is the case(true).10.on替换as soon asAs soon as he arrived, he began his research.On his arrival, he began his research.11.due to替换because ofHe arrived late due to (because of) the storm.12.cover替换walk/readAfter covering (walking) 10 miles, we all felt tired.13.contribute to替换be helpful/usefulPlenty of memory work is undoubtedly helpful to English study.Plenty of memory work will undoubtedly contribute toEnglish study.14.round the corner 替换 coming soon/ nearby① The summer vacation is round the corner ( coming). Do you have any plans?② Li Ming studies in a school round the corner (nearby).e to light替换discoverThe family were so pleased when they discovered the lost jewels. →The family were so pleased when the lost jewels came to light.16.have a ball替换have a good time/ enjoy oneselfAfter visiting the workshop, we went back to school. Every one of us had a ball (hada good time).e up with替换think ofJack is very clever. He often comes up with (thinks of) new ideas.18.set aside替换saveSome students think that they should set aside some of their pocket money for books.19.be of + n. 替换adj.The products are of high quality (very good) and are sold everywhere in China.20.refer to 替换talk about/of, mentionThe professor you referred to (talked about) is very famous.21.cannot but / cannot help but替换have to doI could not but (had to) go home.22.more often than not替换usuallyMore often than not (Usually), the meaning of many words can be easily guessed.23.lest替换so that /in order thatI wrote down his telephone number so that I would notforget it.I wrote down his telephone number lest I (should) forget it.24.be long for sth. / be long to do sth. 替换want to do sth./wish forI want to see you very much.I am long to see you.25.be caught up in/be crazy about/be absorbed in/be addicted to替换be interested inHe is caught up in (very interested in) collecting stamps.26.more than替换very① I’m very glad to learn that you are coming in September.I’m more than glad to learn that you are coming in September.② If there is anything I can do for you, I would be more than glad to help.27.perfect (ly) 替换good/ very wellHe speaks perfect (good) English./ He speaks English perfectly (very well).28.do sb a/the favor 替换helpWould you please do me the favor (help me ) to turn down the radio?29.the other day替换a few days agoThe other day my brother and I went to the cinema by bicycle.30.in the course of替换duringIn the course of (During) the mountain-climbing, please help each other and pay special attentionto your safety.31.the majority of替换mostThe majority of (Most of) the interviewees prefer watching TV at home to going to the cinema.32.consist of替换be made up ofOur class consists of (is made up of) 50 students.33.be worn out替换 be tired / broken①After five hours’ non-stop work, we were all worn out (tired).②My shoes are worn out (broken). Please buy me a new pair.34.become of替换happenWhat do you think has become of ( happened to ) him ?35.attend to替换look after36.on condition that替换as long as37.nevertheless替换however38.express one’s satisfaction with替换be satisfied with39.spare no efforts to do替换try one’s best to do40.many a 替换many41.be rushed off one’s feet 替换be busy in doing42.a handful of替换a little / some43.meanwhile替换at the same time44.get to one’s feet替换stand up45.beneath替换under46.occasionally替换sometimes /once in while47.for instance替换for example48.seldom替换not often49.wealthy替换rich50.amazing替换surprising51.as a matter of fact 替换in fact高级英语作文篇3“听不懂啊！”一下课，许多同学一边哀嚎一边从录播室往外走，他们今天的'话题又变成了这节英语课。

The Delicate Art of the Forest库珀的创造天分并不怎么样；但是他似乎热衷于此并沾沾自喜。

确实，他做了一些令人感到愉快的事情。

在小小的道具箱内，他为笔下的森林猎人和土人准备了七八种诡计或圈套，这些人以此诱骗对方。

利用这些幼稚的技巧达到了预期的效果，没有什么更让他高兴得了。

其中一个就是他最喜欢的，就是让一个穿着鹿皮靴的人踩着穿着鹿皮靴敌人的脚印，借以隐藏了自己行踪。

这么做使库珀磨烂不知多少桶鹿皮靴。

他常用的另一个道具是断树枝。

他认为断树枝效果最好，因此不遗余力地使用。

在他的小说中，如果哪章中没有人踩到断树枝惊着两百码外的印第安人和白人，那么这一节则非常平静/那就谢天谢地了。

每次库珀笔下的人物陷入危险，每分钟绝对安静的价格是4美元/一分静一分金，这个人肯定会踩到断树枝。

尽管附近有上百种东西可以踩，但这都不足以使库珀称心。

他会让这个人找一根干树枝；如果找不到，就去借一根。

事实上，《皮袜子故事系列丛书》应该叫做《断树枝故事集》。

很遗憾，我没有足够的篇幅，写上几十个例子，看看奈迪·班波和其他库伯专家们是怎样运用他的森林中的高招。

大概我们可以试着斗胆举它两三个例子。

库伯曾经航过海—当过海军军官。

但是他却一本正经/煞有介事地告诉我们，一条被风刮向海岸遇险的船，被船长驶向一个有离岸暗流的地点而得救。

因为暗流顶着风，把船冲了回来。

看看这森林术，这行船术，或者叫别的什么术，很高明吧？库珀在炮兵部队里待过几年，他应该注意到炮弹落到地上时，要么爆炸，要么弹起来，跳起百英尺，再弹再跳，直到跳不动了滚几下。

现在某个地方他让几个女性—他总是这么称呼女的—在一个迷雾重重的夜晚，迷失在平原附近一片树林边上—目的是让班波有机会向读者展示他在森林中的本事。

这些迷路的人正在寻找一个城堡。

他们听到一声炮响，接着一发炮弹就滚进树林，停在他们脚下。

对女性，这毫无价值。

但对可敬的班波就完全不同了。

我想，如果班波要是不马上冲出来，跟着弹痕，穿过浓雾，跨过平原，找到要塞，我就再也不知道什么是“和平”了。

高级英语1unit2Unit Two TouristsNancy Mitford游客我所做过的关于游客的最透彻的研究是在Torcello完成的，在那里你根本没法避开他们。

Torcello是威尼斯泻湖上一个很小的岛屿：这里的葡萄园和野花间散布了大概三十间村舍，环绕着建立于征服者威廉到达英国时期的一座大教堂。

一座运河和一条小道将泻湖和村庄连结起来；运河蜿蜒而过将葡萄园隔开；红色和黄色的船帆缓慢地穿梭于葡萄藤之间。

钟楼每天三次鸣响谴责曲，届时周围岛屿的钟声也会响起，组成一曲大合唱。

我曾花费一年夏天的时间住在一间小旅馆写作，同时观察形形色色的游客。

曾经孤独如一片浮云的Torcello最近成为从威尼斯出发的短途旅游热点。

游客之多远远超出了Torcello的正常接待能力：他们跳下定期汽轮、跳下租借的摩托艇、跳下豪华游艇，蜂拥而至；他们整天都在运河边的小路上漫步，到底在寻找什么？大教堂由早期的马赛克装饰，很好的重现了地狱般风格，其间还有一尊巨大的神情悲伤而严峻的圣母像；拜占庭艺术品味需要后天培养，而真正能够欣赏的游客可能还不到十分之一。

他们步入教堂，漫无目的地四处张望。

他们走进村庄的绿地中，坐在据说是匈奴王阿提拉坐过的一张石椅上互相拍照。

他们无情地将野玫瑰摘走，很多人曾经见过这些玫瑰含苞时的样子，并且渴望着看到它们盛开时的景象，而且它们曾经在一天内就让整个小岛遍布花香。

一经摘取，这些玫瑰很快凋零，随后就被丢弃至运河内。

美国人到餐馆里吃喝。

英国人声称他们负担不起这样的花费，他们将自带的食物拿到葡萄园里，我很遗憾地说他们留下一片狼藉。

每周四德国人沿运河边的小路上来，跟着导游，就像奔赴战场一样。

在餐馆里他们总会要50桌正餐；在他们吃饭时，他们的导游通过扩音器向他们演讲。

午餐后他们长驱直入到教堂内，再听取导游的另一次讲座。

至少他们知道他们在看什么。

随后他们整齐划一地退回到他们的船上。

他们很整洁；不留任何垃圾。

然而岛上居民的行为比游客更有趣。

雨课堂高级英语写作综合英语习题一Read the following groups of sentences and rearrange them to form coherent Paragraphs：1.Paragraph one 1. As time went by, and I took the drug again and again, and Ｉbecame addicted to it.2. They became my friends, my guides, my lovers-my most truthful lovers.3. I could no long live without reading.4. When I was young, I thought reading was like a drug which I was allowed to take only a teaspoon at a time, but which, nevertheless, had the effect of carrying me to an entrenched world which I experienced strange and forbidden emotion.5. Books became an essential1.C2.Paragraph Two 1. We were limited to two-ten minute breaks and an unpaid half hour for lunch. 2. Working at an apple plant was the worst job I ever had.3. The second bad feature of the job was the pay.4. Each carton contained twenty-five pounds of bottled apple juice, and they came down the track almost nonstop.5. I was getting minimum wage at that time, $3.65 an hour, plus a quarter extra for working the night shift.6. I was very lonely on the job because I had no interest in common with the other truck loaders.7. I felt this isolation especially when the production line shut down for the night, and I spent two hours by myself, cleaning the apple vats.8. First of all, the work was physically hard.9. I had to work over sixty hours a week to get decent take-home pay. 10. Most of my time was spent outside on the loading dock in near-zero-degree temperatures. 11. The vats were an ugly place to be on a cold morning, and the job was a bitter one to have. 12. For ten hours a night, I took cartons that rolled down a metal track and stacked them onto wooden skids in a tractor trailer. 13. Finally, I hated the working conditions.2.B3.Paragraph Three 1. Reading aloud to children on a routine basis improves their reading, writing, speaking, listening, and imagining skills. 2. The first conclusion these people drew after two solid years of looking over all the research was: if you want to build readers, read aloud to children early and often. 3. And it improves their attitudes towards learning.4. But what we do in this culture is to teach child how to read first; then we try to get them interested in it.5. Today attitude is the major stumbling block to literacy achievement.6. That’s put the cart before the horse.7. Reading aloud is the primary focus for the national report Becoming a Nation of Readers.3.D4.Paragraph Four 1. The second bad feature was the pay. 2. And the boss was a tyrant who hated me because I was a college student. 3. During my-ten hour days, I had to carry heavy trays of food to the customers, and I had to clean the tables. 4. Working at the Cresent Falls Diner and TruckStop was the worst job I ever had. 5. Finally the working conditions were horrible. 6. I had to work at least sixty hours a week to afford next semester’s tuition because I got only minimum wage, a nd I had to share my tips with the kitchen workers too. 7. I washed dishes and then unloaded the delivery truck, lifting sixty-pound cartons of food supplies. 8. First of all, the work was physically very hard. 9. I had to wash dishes in a hot and steamy kitchen. 10. Once, when unloading a truck, I hurt my back so badly I was out of work for a week without pay! 11. He gave me terrible hours and ridiculed my clothes and even made racist slurs to my face.4.C5.Paragraph Five 1. An organ from a cadaver will most likely be old or damaged, estimated to function for about ten years at most. 2. A transplanted living kidney, however, could last a person a lifetime. 3. The legal kidney trade is attractive not only because of the promptness but also because of the chance at a living donor. 4. A kidney from a living donor can last over twice as long. 5. Once a person’s transplanted cadaverous kidney stops functioning, he or she must be back on the donors list, this time probably at the end of the line.5.B6.Paragraph Six 1. The parking lot is shared with several restaurants and a supermarket, so it is always jammed. 2. If we do get the tickets, the theatre will be so crowded that I won’t be able to sit with my friends, or we’ll have to sit in a front row gaping up at a giant screen. 3. That entitles me to sit while my shoes seal themselves to a sticky floor coated with spilled soda, bubble gum, and crushed Raisins. 4. To begin with, I just don’t enjoy the general hassle of the evening. 5. Then it’s time to stand in an endless line, with the constant threat that tickets for the show I want will sell out. 6. Since small local movie theaters are a thing of the past, I have to drive for fifteen minutes to get to the nearest multiplex.7. I have to drive around at a snail’s p ace until I spot another driver backing out.8. I have to shell out a ridiculous amount of money - up to $8- for a ticket.6.D7.Paragraph Seven 1. A person is able to say what is needed, and the other person will receive the information and respond when i t’s convenient to do so. 2. Text messaging-or texting, as it’s more commonly called-is the process of sending and receiving typed messages via a cellular phone. 3. It is a common means of communication among teenagers.4. It is even becoming popular in the business world because it allows quick messages to be sent without people having to commit to a telephone conversation.7.C8.Paragraph Eight 1. Frequent binge drinkers on college campuses are similar to other abusers elsewhere in their tendency to deny that they have a problem. 2. The scope of the problem makes immediate results of any interventions highly unlikely. 3. Indeed, their youth, their visibility of others who drink the same way, and their shelters of college community may make them less likely to recognize the problem. 4. Colleges need to be committed to large-scale and long-term behavior-change strategies, including referral of alcohol abusers to appropriate treatment. 5. In addition to addressing the health problems of alcohol abusers, a major effort should address the large number of students who are not binge drinkers on campus who are adversely affected by the alcohol-related behavior of binge drinkers.8.AWhich one is the topic sentence of the following paragraph?9.①A further reason why nu clear power should be a significant part of the world’s energy supply is its reliability. ②Once nuclear plants are built and functioning, the production of nuclear energy is constant. ③Wind and solar power, however, are intermittent energy producers. ④Wind turbines are not much use when there is no wind, wile solar power has limited potential in, say, cloud-covered Northern Europe. ⑤A key advantage of nuclear power is that, come gale, rain or shine, nuclear energy is still generated. ⑥Nuclear power pants can also depend on having a stable 10.s upply of materials.9.A2. Which one does not correctly describe the following paragraph?10.Academic integrity violations are rampant at universities across the United States. In a recent study, 75% of students surveyed admitted to have cheated at least once while in college. Another study showed that there has been a four-fold increase in the past 30 years (from 11% to 49%) in the number of students who admitted to have collaborated on assignments when the instructor asked for individual work.10.C雨课堂高级英语写作综合英语习题三1.Which of the following versions succeeds in avoiding plagiarism?The concept of system is really quite simple. The basic idea is that a system has parts that fit together to make a whole; but where it gets complicated — and interesting — is how those parts are concerned or related to each other.Source: Frick, T. (1991). Restructuring education through technology. Bloomington, IN: Phi Delta Kappa Educational Foundation.1.C2.Which one of the following paraphrases is not using negative structure?2.B。

Part Three Essay Writing （第三部分论文写作）（I ）Title of an Essay（论文题目）An essay has a title, which is the first thing written in the upper part of the first page and centered.Rules for titles are as follows:1. A good title is clear, concise and precise; all extra words should be excluded.2. A title is often a fragment rather than a sentence.3. Quotation marks are not used.4. Capitalization is necessary.（II）Structure of an Essay（论文结构）1. Introductory paragraphThis is the opening paragraph called the introduction, which introduces the topic to be discussed and the central idea of the essay. At the end of the paragraph comes the thesis statement.2. Developmental paragraphsThese are the body paragraphs that develop the topic and central idea. They may explain, define, or illustrate the thesis statement. They may narrate or describe. They may discuss processes,classification or points of comparison and contrast. Each body paragraph contains a topicsentence, a number of supporting sentences, and a concluding sentence.3. Concluding paragraphThis is the ending paragraph called the conclusion, which completes the essay by concluding the thought developed in the essay. A concluding paragraph is usually not long.（III）Thesis Statement（命题句）1. 定义：In the introduction, the sentence containing the central idea is called the thesis statement.2. 位置：It is at or near the end of the first paragraph. (the introductory paragraph)3. 作用:It governs the content and structure of the whole essay. It states the purpose of the essay,conveys the central idea of the essay, and often indicates how the central idea will be developed.4. 重要性:It is the most general, most important sentence in the essay, for it limits and directs the rest ofthe essay. A good thesis statement tells not only where the essay is going but also how it is going to get there.5. 与主题句的异同:Similar to the topic sentence, the thesis statement also expresses an attitude, opinion,or idea about a topic. Both of them are signals of what to come. But a thesis statement is broader and governs the entire essay, whereas a topic sentence guides usually one paragraph.Thesis statement: Jogging isn’t the only way to improve your circulation.Topic sentences: 1. Many have found cycling an excellent aerobic exercise.2. Another way to improve your circulation is to swim.3. Playing table tennis is the most popular way to do your heart much goood.6. 命题句的要点:1) A thesis statement should be strong and clear, not vague or ambiguous.* People from those countries are alike.* People from those countries are alike in race, religion and social customs.2) A thesis statement is not a question, for a question contains no attitude.# Would a reduction in taxes stimulate investment?3) A thesis statement should be expressed in a complete sentence.# The procedures of working on that machine.4) A thesis statement should not be a sentence of telling the fact. It expresses an opinion.# The supermarket sells milk.* The milk the supermarket sells is not fit for babies5) A thesis statement should not simply announce the topic the essay will develop.# I am going to describe my home town.# I would like to say a few points here.6) A thesis statement should not express more than one idea.# I feel it monotonous to work in office day after day, and visiting the World Park in Beijingcan be fun.7. 命题句分解成若干主题句e.g. thesis statement: Smoking is a bad habit. ( Question: Why is it a bad habit? Answer: because)1. It wastes a lot of money.2. A smoker has nasty smells.3. It causes diseases such as pharyngitis, heart trouble, lung cancer, and etc.（IV）Four Types of Introductory Paragraphs（论文首段常用四格式）1. The Funnel Type2. The Turnabout Type3. The Dramatic Entrance Type4. The Relevant Quotation TypeStudy the following four paragraphs, point out the thesis statement in each of them, and identify which type each paragraph belongs to.1. People like traveling to a foreign country in order to delight in seeing interesting sights. Every city hassome sights to see: a palace, a bridge, a museum, or a park. Everyone there is proud of them and interested in talking about them. Each year, millions of tourists come to China, and the first city theywant to visit is Beijing. Beijing is a city where you can find some of the most interesting sights you will ever see2. Today many Chinese people prefer to work and live in big cities such as Shanghai, Beijing, Tianjin,Chongqing and so on. It is true that life in cities is more developed than that in rural areas. In big cities, there are more job chances, and better communication, transportation, education and medical services.The rural area, however, is still the best type of environment for me to live in.3. “Fish and visitors”, wrote Benjamin Franklin, “begin to smell after three days.”Last summer, whenmy sister and her family came to spend their two-week vacation with us, I became convinced that Franklin was right. After only three days, I was thoroughly sick of my brother-in-law’s corny jokes, my sister’s endless complaints about her boss, and their children’s constant invasions of our privacy.4. The roar of the hurricane now is overwhelming. Rain pours down, lightning streaks across the darkrestless sky, and thunder pounds the roof and walls of the house. The house is sinking, and the ceiling in the living room blows in with an explosive sound, and gun-like reports as other upstairs windows disintegrated can be heard. Water inches its way up the steps as first-floor outside walls collapses. The prepared house and its occupants are in grave danger. Therefore, it is essential to life and property to have careful preparation before a hurricane.（V）Characteristics of the Conclusion（结尾段落的特点）1. A concluding paragraph should be integrally connected with the thesis and the subtopics.2. A concluding paragraph should make a final comment on the discussion.3. A concluding paragraph should not bring up a new topic.4. A concluding paragraph should be kept short, brief and simple.A concluding paragraph about the most interesting place to visit in Beijing could be written asfollows:There are, of course, many more things to visit while you are in Beijing, but the Palace Museum, the Summer Palace, and the Ming Tombs represent some of the more significant and beautiful sights to see. When you come to Beijing, visit these sights and you’ll be guaranteed a fond memory after going home.Let’s look at an essay’s thesis statement, topic sentences and the concluding paragraph: * Thesis statement --- My reasons for coming to a teacher’s university center around the services itprovides.* Topic sentences --- 1) The teacher’s university has high-quality academic resources.2) The teacher’s university offers a superior program in my major.3) There are better recreational activities.* Conclusion ---The excellent academic resources, the superior program, and the wonderfulrecreational activities are the reasons I decided to come to the teacher’s university.I really think I made a wise decision. If you are looking for a quality education,then consider a teacher’s university as the place to enroll.（VI）An example of the First & the Last Paragraphs（首段与末段举例）An introductory paragraph, topic sentences of body paragraphs, and a concluding paragraph about the TOEFL examination might look like this:首段（引言段落）：One obstacle that most foreign speakers find when they come to the United States to study at the university level is the TOEFL examination. Before permitting a foreign student to enroll, universities demand that they have a high score on the TOEFL exam. Although the TOEFL has been devised to measure the students English skills, it is not the best way to judge because of the nervousness of the students taking the test, the length of the test, and the luck involved in passing or failing the test.中间段落的主题句：a) Students nervousness prevents them from giving full play to their ability and wisdom.b) The long test with no breaks makes them exhausted and thus limits the efficiency of their brainc) Students have to try their luck when there are a number of obscure questions.末段（结尾段落）：I am just another student who plans to study in the U.S. and who wishes the people in charge ofthe TOEFL exam could find a better system of testing the English skills of foreign speakers. Perhaps a series of tests over a period time would reduce the anxiety of students whose university admission now rests on a single day of testing. Certainly the test takers should be permitted short breaks between sections of the test in order to relax their minds. Finally, the TOEFL should be better standardized so that it reflects more clearly a student’s English proficiency.（VII）Outline for an Essay（论文提纲）If we want to write an essay about sights to see in Beijing, the suggested outline might be like this: * Thesis statement --- Beijing is a place where you can find some of the most interesting sights you will ever see.I. Beijing is the living witness of our history.A. Historical aspects1) Great Wall2) Temple of Heaven3) Forbidden CityB. Seasonal aspects --- beautiful in all seasonsII. To the south of the Forbidden City is the world famous Tiananmen Square.A. Historical aspects1) The great May the Fourth Movement took place here in 1919.2) The first five-star red flag was raised here in1949.B. Seasonal aspects1) The location for great activities at festivals2) At Pure Brightness (Day), people come to pay homage to the martyrs in front of theMonument to People’s Heroes in the square.III. To the north of the Forbidden City are two gorgeous imperial parks : Jingshan Park and Beihai Park.A. Historical aspects1) The tree on which the last emperor of the Ming Dynasty hanged himself still stands at the footof Coal Hill in Jingshan Park.2) In Beihai Park, White Pagoda and Nine-dragon Wall built hundred of years ago attractnumerous visitors.B. Seasonal aspects1) During the summera) Boating, water-skiing and fishing in Beihai Park.b) Climbing to the top of Coal Hill in Jingshan Park to admire a bird’s-eye view.2) During the winter --- Playing on the block of iceIV. ConclusionChoose one of the following topics, and try to write an outline of an essay:1.Problems in my English study2. Bad effects of watching television3.My favorite city /My home town4. Dealing with interpersonal relationship5. Benefits of the birth control policy6. Living on campus and off campus7. Taking a part-time job 8. Advantages of studying abroad9. For a job interview 10. Books I have read11. My family then and now 12. Our campus culture13. Excuses students make for absences 14. Air pollution problem15. University and high school 16. My best friend / My favorite teacher17. Hospitable natives of Tianjin 18. A place I like best/ Cities I have visited（VIII）Model Essays of Various Modes（不同类型论文范文）（一）举例式论文(Example essay or Exemplification)The Benefits of TelevisionWe hear a lot about the negative effects of television on the viewers. Obviously, television can be harmful if it iswatched constantly to the exclusion of other activities. It would be just as harmful to listen to records or to eat constantly. However, when TV is watched in moderation, it is extremely valuable, as it provides relaxation, entertainment, and education.First of all, watching TV has the value of sheer relaxation. Watching TV can be soothing and restful after an 8-hour day of pressure, challenge, or concentration. After working hard all day, people look forward to a new episode of a favorite show or yet another showing of Cheering-up of the Whole Family Together, or Go Together with You. One doctor, for example, advises his patient with high-blood-pressure to relax in the evening with a few hours of television. This benefit of reducing stress is just beginning to be recognized.In addition to be relaxing, TV is entertaining. Along with the standard comedies, dramas, and game shows that provide enjoyment to many viewers, television offers a variety of movies and sports events. In many areas, viewers can pay a monthly fee and receive special cable programming. With this service, viewers can watch first-run movies, rock and classical music concerts, and specialized sports events, like European soccer and Grand Prix racing. Still another growing area of TV entertainment is video games. In brief, people enjoy themselves by watching TV and some indulge in it.Most important, television is educational. Preschoolers learn colors, numbers, and characters from public TV program, like Five-color Shell and other cartoons. Science shows for older children, like Between Heaven and Earth, go on location to analyze everything from volcanoes to rocket launches. Adults too can get an education from courses given on TV, say, learning a foreign language. Actually, people with different ages and from all walks of life can increase their knowledge and broaden their horizon.Perhaps because TV is such a powerful force, we like to criticize it and search for its flaws. However, the benefits of TV should not be ignored. We can use TV to relax, to have fun, and to make ourselves smarter. This electronic wonder, then is a servant, not a master.（二）对比式论文(Comparison and contrast essay)A Vote for McDonald’sFor my birthday this month, my wife has offered to treat me to dinner at the restaurant of my choice.. I think she expects me to ask for a meal at the Chalet, the classiest, most expensive restaurant in town. However, I’m going to eat my birthday dinner at McDonald’s. When I compare the two restaurants, the advantages of eating at McDonald’s are clear.For one thing, going to the Chalet is more difficult than going to McDonald’s. The Chalet has a jacket-and-tie rule, which means I have to dig a sport coat and tie out of the back of my closet, make sure they’re semi-clean, and try to steam out the wrinkles somehow. The Chalet also requires advance reservations. Since it is in down town, I have to leave an hour early to give myself time to find a parking space within six blocks of the restaurant. The Chalet cancels reservations if a party is ten minutes late. Going to McDonald’s, on the other hand, is easy. I can feel comfortable wearing jeans or a warm-up suit.I don’t have to do any advance planning. And the parking space is just in front of the restaurant. Surely, dining in the Chalet brings you more annoyances.For another, eating at the Chalet is, to me, less enjoyable than eating at McDonald’s. The Chalet is a dimly lit, formal place. Since I’m poor in eyesight, I worry I’ll knock one of the fragile glasses off the table. And waiters there can beuncomfortably formal. As I awkwardly pronounce the French words on the menu, I get the feeling that I don’t quite live up to their standards. And I don’t like unfamiliar food there. On the contrary, McDonald’s is a pleasant place where I feel at ease. It is well lighted, and the bright-colored décor is informal. The employees serve with smile, and the food is easy to pronounce and identify. I know what I am going to get when I order a certain type of sandwich. In a word, I don’t feel uneasy when I am in McDonald’s.The most important difference between the Chalet and McDonald’s is the price difference. Dinner for two at the Chalet, even without appetizers or desserts, would cost fifty dollars or more. And the fifty dollars doesn’t include the cost of parking the car and tipping the waiter, which can come to an additional ten dollars. Yet, at McDonald’s, a filling meal for two will cost around eight dollars. And there is free parking. With the extra fifty-two dollars, my wife and I can eat at McDonald’s at least six more times, or go to the movie five times. Really, we save money by eating at McDonald’s.So, for my birthday dinner celebration, or any other time, I prefer to eat at McDonald’s. It is convenient, friendly, and cheap. And with the money my wife saves by taking me to McDonald’s, she can buy me what I really want for my birthday. It is a smart choice.（三）分类式论文(Classification essay)Mall PeopleHaving fun can exhaust one’s bank account. By the time a person drives to the city and pays the tired-looking parking attendant the hourly fee to park, there is little money left to buy movie tickets, let alone popcorn and soft drinks to snack on. As a result, people have turned from wining, dining, and movie-going to the nearly free-parking, free-admission shopping malls. Teenagers, couples on dates, and the nuclear family can all be observed having a good time at this alternative recreation spot.Teenagers are the largest group of mall-goers. The guys saunter by in sneakers, T-shirts, and blue jeans, complete with a package of cigarettes sticking out of their pockets. The girls stumble along in high-heeled shoes and daring tank tops, with hairbrushes tucked snugly in the rear pockets of their tight-fitting designer jeans. Traveling in a gang that resembles a wolf pack, the teenagers make the shopping mall their hunting ground. Their raised voices, loud laughter, and occasional shouted obscenities can be heard. Among the shoppers, would-be shoppers and window-shoppers are a large number of youngsters many of whom come just to hang out.Not only are teenagers mall-goers, couples are now spending their dates at shopping malls. The young lovers are easy to spot because they walk hand in hand, or their arms wrapped around each other’s waists, stopping to sneak a quick kiss after every few steps. They first pause at jewelry store windows and gaze at diamond engagement rings and gold wedding necklaces. Then they wander into furniture stores. Whispering happily to each other, they imagine how that five-piece living room set would look in their future home. Such sights of lovers are very common in malls.The nuclear families are also a large group of mall-goers. Parents with a little child are often seen walking leisurely in the mall. The little boy wants to see some special mall exhibits geared toward little children, or wants to head for the appealing toy stores. Mom walks around looking at various things until she discovers that her daughter is no longer attached to her hand. Meanwhile, Dad has arrived at a large store and is admiring the products he would love to buy. Indeed, the mallprovides something special for every member of the family.The teens, young lovers, and the three-member families make up the vast majority of mall-goers. There, folks need not purchase anything to find pleasure at the mall. They are shopping for inexpensive recreation, and the mall provides it.（四）因果分析式论文(Cause and effect analysis essay)The Joy of an Old CarSome of my friends can not believe my car still runs. Others laugh when they see it parked outside the house and ask if it’s an antique. But they are not being fair to my fourteen-year-old Chevrolet. In fact, I like my “antique” because it saves me money and it is dependable and familiar to me.One reason is economy. Fourteen years ago, when my husband and I were newly married and nearly broke, we bought the car --- a shiny, red, year-old leftover --- for a mere $3,800. Today it would cost five times as much. We save money on insurance, since it’s no longer worthwhile for us to have collision coverage. Old age has even been kind to the Chevrolet engine, which required only three major repairs in the last several years. And it still delivers twenty-six miles per gallon in the city and thirty-eight on the highway ---- not bad for a senior citizen. It saves a lot.The second benefit is dependability. If a Chevrolet passes the twenty-thousand-mile mark with no major problems, it will probably go on forever. Our Chevrolet breezed past that mark many years ago and has run almost perfectly ever since. Even on the coldest, snowiest morning, I can count on my car to sputter to life and roll sure-footedly down the driveway. It may have the body of an old car, but beneath its elderly hood hums the engine of a teenager. So it is reliable.Last of all, there is the advantage of familiarity. When I open the door and slide into the driver’s seat, the soft vinyl envelops me like a well-worn glove. I know to the millimeter exactly how much room I have when I turn a corner or back into a streetside parking space. When my gas gauge is on empty, I know that 1.3 gallons are still in reserve and I can plan accordingly. The front wheel invariably begin to shake when I go more than fifty-five miles an hour, reminding me that I am exceeding the speed limit. My Chevrolet is very familiar to me, just like a member of my family.I prize my 14-year-old Chevrolet’s economy and dependability, and most of all, its familiarity. It is faded, predictable, and comfortable, like a well-worn pair of jeans. And like a well-worn pair of jeans, it will be difficult to throw away.（五）辩论式论文(Argumentation essay)Living in the PresentAbout one of man’s frailties Thomas Wolfe wrote, “he talks of the future and he wastes it as it comes.”This observation is related to a principle by which I try to live. I believe in living in the present because it is futile to dwell on the past, to worry about the future, or to miss anything in the only reality I know.It is futile to dwell on the past. What existed or happened in the past may have been beautiful or exciting and may now bring profound and precious memories; but the past is dead, and it is not healthy for living spirits to linger over a world inhabited by ghosts. The past may also be a place of horror, of regret, of spilled milk, of unfortunate deeds that cannot be undone, of sad words like “might have been”. A friend of mine used to have a very beautiful and virtuous wife. An affectionate couple, they were deeply attached to each other. But good times did not last long. His wife was killed in a trafficaccident, which badly upset him. From then on he could not free himself from the pain, talking to people all the time how nice his wife had been. He had no courage to face the reality and could not concentrate his attention to his work for many months. Though his boss had paid him a lot of sympathy, the former decided to fire him at last.It is also useless to worry about the future. Why fly to heaven before it is time? What anxious visions haunt the person who thinks too much about the future. He may envision the horrible mushroom cloud; the earth shriveling from the radiation. He may imagine his own life going away, appointments missed; advancements given to someone else; his house burned to the ground; his love lost; everything in his life, as in a nightmare, slipping away from him. There is no end to the disasters a person can worry about when he focuses anxiously on the future. There are some disasters he may be able to prevent, but he must do that by living well in the present, not simply by worrying about the future.It is not the past nor the future but the present moment that is the only reality I know, and I don’t want to miss it. The wild cheery cough drop dissolving in my mouth is sweet and soothing. Even my sore throat and back-ache have meaning. The cool night air, the cracking noises of my furnace, my cat yawning and stretching --- these are the tangible realities I can recognize. They exist in this moment, together with my own breathing, the warm lamp overhead. Along with these are the realities of other people and of all life on this earth, which matters to me now, not at some past or future time.Everyone needs a sense of history, particularly a feeling for his own roots, but history needs to keep its distance to be appreciated. It is painful and pointless to fixate on a period that cannot be relived or repaired. It is unproductive self-punishment. The past must be kept in its place, outlived and outgrown. It is also vital to have some sense of direction, which means making plans for the future, but not becoming preoccupied with them. There are events in his future, including his own demise, over which he has little or no control, but he can ruin his life worrying about them.Men are mortal. There is a limit to our lives, but no limit to serving the people. We should work hard for our happiness and for other’s happiness, and should know how to enjoy ourselves. Men seldom break down from overwork but from worry and ennui. So what is most important, I believe, is living in the present, that is, being alive now.( IX）Topics for Writing（写作题目）I.举例式：1) When you first came to Tianjin, you were undoubtedly surprised by something. Tell theexamples you think of.2) What are some of the unwritten rules that you think cultures use to regulate behavior? Getexamples of these rules in Chinese culture.3) In the Chinese language, there exist a lot of euphemisms. Can you give some examples ofwords that camouflage meaning?4) You have some roommates in the dorm. Do you think that living with roommates teachesyou tolerance, adaptability, and patience? Give example.5) The Chinese people are valiant, industrious and thrifty. Can you think of some examples toshow the traditional virtues of the people?6) Many foreigners say that Chinese is much more difficult to learn than Western languages.If you think so, get some examples of difficulties in learning Chinese.2. 对比式：1）My family then and now 2) Classical & rock music 3) A tiger & an elephant4) Two friends/neighbors 5) Big and small enterprises 6) Generation gap7) Tianjin and Hong Kong 8) My high school and my university3. 分类式：1）Types of lies people tell 2) Types of houses3) Cold remedies 4) Different accountants5)Books you have read 6) Cities you have been to7) Your classmates 8) Excuses students tell for missing class4. 过程分析式：1) How to begin your job hunting 2) Analyzing the process of the Anti-Japanese War3) How to get a driver’s license 4) How an accident you saw or heard happened5) How to cook a particular dish 6) How to fix a puncture in your bicycle tire.5. 因果分析式：1）Effects of overpopulation 2) Causes of obesity3) Tooth decay 4) Upsetting the balance of nature5) Drinking alcohol 6) Doing regular aerobic exercises7) Sore throat 8) Harmonious interpersonal relationship6. 定义式：1）An optimist 2) Freedom 3) A hypocrite 4) Aggressiveness5) Versatility 6) A snob 7) Embezzlement 8) Meaning of conscience7.辩论式：1）Pornographic books should be banned from the market.2) Most of people in Tianjin are quite hospitable.3) The cafeteria in our school should be run by the students.4) My first experiences with Americans were traumatic.5) Vital city services should work properly.6) Serious problems do exist and need to be solved.7) Is it time to abolish capital punishment?8) TV commercials offer viewers fun and amusement as well as necessary information.They are annoying and often interrupt movies, and watching them is waste of time( X ) Self-Test for the Essay Writing ( 论文写作自测)I. Determine which of the following can be used as thesis statements:1. Students should be allowed to do part-time jobs.2. The advantages of majoring in the English language and literature.3. Here I would like to describe my family’s today and yesterday.4. I like my old car because it saves money and it is dependable and familiar to me.5. Being a punctual person is very important in modern society.6. Watching TV is good, as it provides relaxation, entertainment and education.7. Going to university is beneficial, and I’ve found that living on campus can be fun.8. Most of the people in Tianjin are really very hospitable.。