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词语辨析训练知识梳理一、近义词、反义词:（一）意义相同或相近的词叫近义词。
意义相近的词语，如:“美好”和“美妙”、“懒惰”和“怠惰”、“枯萎”与“干枯”、“宽敞”与“宽阔”。
意义相对或相反的词叫反义词。
如：美丽——丑陋谦虚——骄傲二、同义词、近义词辨析同义词、近义词之间的细微差别是多种多样的，可以从意义、色彩、功能等几个方面来辨析。
1.意义方面：（1）词义程度的轻重：不少近义词所表示的事物在概念上差不多，但程度上有轻重的分别。
如：信任、相信，相信是认为正确或确信而不怀疑，程度轻。
信任指相信而敢于托付，程度较深。
（2）词义的着重点：诡辩与狡辩同是无理强辩，但诡辩重在“诡”，即欺诈、怪异，即用欺诈的手段、奇怪的言辞、似是而非的论证来为自己的谬误辩护。
“狡辩”则着重在狡，即不老实，耍花招，歪曲事实，狡猾地为自己错误的言行进行辩护。
（3）词义范围的大小：开垦、开辟都有开发的意思，但开垦指用力把荒芜的土地开发为可以耕种的土地；开拓指在原来开发的基础之上加以扩充，两者词义的范围较小；开辟着重指开发、新开创，词义范围较大。
（4）词义使用的对象：有些词尽管意义相近，但是适用于不同的对象和情况。
领略与领会都有理解、体会、认识的意思，但前者着重指情感上的体验、欣赏，可以连接“风味”“风光”等。
而后者着重指理性上的了解、体会，适用于抽象的事物，可以连接“内容”、“道理”等。
2.色彩方面：感情色彩不同：鼓动、鼓舞、煽动都有激发人的情绪使之行动起来的意思。
但鼓动是个中性词，鼓舞是褒义词，煽动是贬义词。
3.从用法上：（1）从词语的搭配上：如交流和交换，交流多偏重于虚的事物，交换多偏重于实的东西。
（2）从语法功能上辨析：公然、公开，公然只能当状语。
公开可以充当状语、谓语、定语等。
例题讲解一、找出下列句子中的反义词。
（1）天黑了，我把这只小白兔抱回了家。
（）——（）（2）我家离学校很近，小雷家离学校很远。
（）——（）（3）市场上做买卖的人很多。
小学同义词辨析同义词的辨析考点：一、辨析词义二、用词造句要做到：１、正确理解词语的意思，注意它的使用习惯，特别要留心这个词语用在什么场合，常跟哪些词语搭配。
２、把意思表达完整。
三、词语的归类或排列，常见的可以从词语所代表事物的性质、特点、用途、概念大小，相关相对关系等方面来考虑。
同义词多是为了准确地反映事物之间的细微差别，精密地表达人们对客观事物的感情、态度或者为了适应各种语体风格的需要，而不断创造出来的。
掌握和运用好同义词，关键在于能辨析同义词之间的细微差别。
要结合语言的实际，掌握充分的材料，做到“求同”、“辨异”，即找出同义词的“共性”和“个性”来。
辨异的思路可取“意义、用法、色彩”三方面，共有八法。
辨析词义的方法：一辨词义轻重。
二辨范围大小。
三辨感情色彩。
四辨语体色彩。
五辨具体概括。
六辨侧重方面。
七辨搭配对象。
八辨词性和语法功能。
同义词存在以下三个方面的差别：1．意义方面的差别（1）表现重点不同。
例如“安定”和“稳定”都有平静正常、没有变动的意思，都可以用于形势、生活和人的情绪，但“安定”含有平安、安好之意，如“我们要维护来之不易的安定团结局面”。
“稳定”更强调平稳、无大变化，如“这位病人现在病情比较稳定”。
再如：“假冒”和“伪劣”都有所售商品以次充好的意思。
“假冒”侧重指商品冒充名牌，如“请认清商标，谨防假冒”。
“伪劣”侧重指质量低劣，如“怪不得老出毛病，原来是伪劣产品”。
（2）范围大小不同。
例如“心情”、“心境”和“心绪”都指内心的思想感情。
“心情”泛指思想感情所处的状态，意义范围较广，书面、口头都常常使用。
如“心情激动”、“愉快的心情”。
“心境”主要指思想感情的境况，意义范围较窄，多用于书面。
如“小张家乡闹水灾，近来心境不好”。
“心绪”主要指萦回不断的思绪，或复杂的内心感情，意义范围较窄，也多用于书面。
如“他担心高考落榜，一直心绪不宁”。
（3）语意轻重不同。
例如“违背”、“违反”、“违犯”和“违抗”都有不遵从的意思。
小学生常见近义词辨析九T326 [特别特殊]“特别”指人、脾气、利益、要求式样等与众不同。
“特殊”指奇特的事物或情况，但“特殊”不可作状语。
327 [特点特征特色特性]“特点”可指性质或内容，也指形式或外表，也可指抽象的或具体的，“特征”多指具体的，特别是外表的或形式上的，指抽象事物较少。
“特色”专指独特的风格、格调、样子或情景等。
是显而易见的特点，指具体的居多。
“特性”专指内在的特殊性质，一般指物品的性能、性质。
328 [提倡提议]“提倡”对象指对国家，集体，个人有利的事物。
“提议”指在会上，报告里提出意见，供大家讨论或采纳。
329 [题词·提词]“题词”，①指写一段表示纪念或勉励的话，动词，如“题词留念”；②表示纪念或勉励的话，名词，如“他写了一段题词”。
“提词”指戏剧演出时给演员提示台词。
330 [题名·提名]“题名”，①指为留念或表示表扬而写上姓名，动词，如“英雄榜上题名”；②指为留纪念而写上的姓名，名词，如“作了题名”；③指题目名称，如“题名为《校园十大怪》”。
“提名”指在决定人选之前提出有当选可能的人的姓名，如“候选人应由群众代表提名”。
331 [题材·体裁]相同点：都与文章有关。
不同点：“题材”指构成作品的材料，如“文学作品的题材很广阔”；“体裁”指文学作品的表现形式，如“文学作品的体裁要多样化”。
332 [体会体验体味]“体会”对象多是文件、方针、政策等的思想内容，又常指别人所表达的思想感情，它还有名词用法。
“体验”对象常是生活，现实等。
“体味”对象常是语言文字所包含的意味，人的情意、趣味等。
333 [停留停顿停滞]“停留”指暂时停止而不离开某地方。
“停顿”指暂停，时间多半不长。
“停滞”指长时间地停止，表示因受阻而不顺利发展。
334 [停止·停滞]相同点：都有“停”的意思。
不同点：“停止”表示不再进行，如“暴风雨早已停止了”；“停滞”表示因为受到阻碍，不能顺利地运动或发展，如“十多年来，这个公司的经营停滞不前”。
常见近义词辨析1、暧昧：含糊、不明朗，不光明磊落，不便告人。
暗昧：同“暧昧”。
还可表示不聪明，愚昧。
2、包含：包容含有。
包涵：原谅、宽恕。
3、暴发：突然猛烈的发生或以不正当的手段发财。
如山洪、流行病、雪崩。
爆发：由于爆炸而突发或发生重大事变。
如战争、火山、革命、大笑。
4、本义：词的本来意义，与引申义、比喻义相对。
本意：心里本来的想法、目的。
5、必须：副词，用在动词之前，表示“一定要”。
如：你~把作业完成。
必需：动词，“一定要有”，可作谓语，如“阵地战也必需”，多作定语，如“必需的素质”。
在人类进化过程中，劳动是一个~的过程。
6、辨正：辨明是非，纠正谬误。
如“辨正发音”，可写作“辩正”。
辨证：辨析考证，如“经学者多方辨证”。
亦为中医术语，“辨证医治”。
辩证：哲学术语，如“辩证唯物主义”。
亦同“辨证”第一义。
7、哺养：喂养，使长大。
抚养：抚育、照料并教养。
8、不力：不尽力。
如“措施不力”。
不利：没好处，不顺利，如“出师不利”。
9、不至[不至于]：不会达到某种程度，如“决不至于不知道”。
不致[不致于]：不会引发某种后果，如“决不致犯错误”。
10 苍茫：多指夜色、水域、大地等旷远、迷茫。
引申为模糊不清。
苍莽：多指树林、山岭、大地等广阔无边。
引申为意境心胸开阔。
11、长年：一年到头，整年。
如“长年积雪”、“长年劳作”。
常年：1 终年、常期，如“常年坚持体育活动”。
2 平常年份，如“常年产量不过半200斤”。
12、陈规：过时的、不适用的规章制度，如“陈规陋习”。
成规：现行或行之已久的规则、方法，如“墨守成规”。
13、弛缓：放松、缓和，如“紧张的情绪慢慢~~下来。
迟缓：缓慢，与”迅速”相对，如“~ ~地迈着步子”。
14、出身：人的早期经历或身份，如“出身于干部家庭”。
出生：生下来，侧重于自然属性，如“~ ~ 于20世纪初”。
15、处世：指人事交往、参加社会活动，“~ ~稳健”、“为人~ ~”。
处事：办事、处理事务，如“~ ~ 认真，从不马虎”。
常见近义词辨析集锦有些词看上去差不多，一般称为同义词。
实际上，意义和用法完全相同的词是不大会有的。
其间的区别往往很细微，但这正是我们的语言丰富与精密的证明。
我们爱护我们的语言，就应该经常注意词的意义和用法，下笔的时候，要严肃地、细致地加以选择。
决断不下的时候，查查字典。
下面举一些错误的例子来分辨。
(1)整个、全部一个整体的东西，才能说“整个〞，如“整个学校〞、“整个国家〞。
由许多个体合成的东西，应该说“全部〞，如“全部存款〞、“全部书本〞。
如果是人，就用“全体〞，如“全体教师〞。
下句该用“全部〞。
为了照顾整个信件的投递速度，目前还不能直接送到驻地。
(2)确切、确实“确切〞是“准确〞、“恰当〞的意思，如说“把蒋介石比作运输队长是非常确切的。
〞下句该用“确实〞。
确切做到师生互助。
(3)丰满、丰富“丰满〞一般地只用来形容有形体的东西。
下句该用“丰富〞。
我的生活经验比以前丰满了。
(4)化验、检验用化学方法来检验，叫做“化验〞，否那么只能说“检验〞。
下句该用“检验〞。
以“血色素对照〞化验，已经到了严重的贫血状态。
(5)保障、保证“保障〞的意思是说对于已有的东西加以维护，使它不受损害。
“保证〞是说担保完成一件工作或实现一种理想。
下面两句的“保障〞都该换用“保证〞。
A.你将保障黄河不出岔子。
B.只有坚持百花齐放、百家争鸣的方针，才能保障社会主义的文化科学艺术不断发展和繁荣。
(6)迎合、迎接“迎合〞有“逢迎〞、“讨好〞的意思。
下句该用“迎接〞。
改造自己来迎合这个伟大的时代。
(7)发展、增加下句说“数量发展〞，意思也不能算错，但是有点“小题大做〞，用“增加〞更合乎习惯。
教师用书的出版数量正在逐渐的发展。
(8)发明、发现创造一种新的事叫“发明〞。
有些事物原先就存在，只是大家不知道，现在找出来了，叫“发现〞。
下面两句里的“发明〞和“发现〞用错了，应对调。
A.伯凯瑞发明铀的放射性，居里夫妇发明镭锭。
B.我们伟大的祖国第一个发现了以茶为饮料。
近义词辨析及练习大全近义词辨析及练习大全词语运用是中考语文的必考内容，采用选择题的形式，考查内容为实词的运用、成语的运用和虚词的运用。
实词的运用，主要考查近义词（有些是同音词）的辨析。
考查的主要形式是根据具体的语言环境为句子选择词语。
它要求考生能利用近义词之间的细微差别来认识其不同的表达效果，进而作出正确的判断。
近义词的辨析，主要从词义、色彩、用法三个方面入手。
一、辨析词义1.从词义的侧重点（要特别注意词语中不同的语素）辨析有些词语看起来意思比较接近，但其所表达的内容常有细微的差别。
尤其要注意.辨析词语的语境义（特定意义或临时意义），不能简单看其字面用语，而应根据上下文的特定接受对象、人物关系、情感氛围等多种因素来辨析其词义。
如发现与发明，前者侧重于找到，后者侧重于创造。
再如才能和才华，前者侧重于做事的能力，后者侧重于文艺方面表现出来的智慧及特长。
又如精美与精巧，前者侧重于美，后者侧重于巧；出生与出身，前者侧重于生，后者侧重于身（身份）。
A. 截至B.截止本次大赛报名在昨天已经。
我国大型深水港——山东石臼港的建设进展顺利，九月中旬，已完成年施工计划的90%。
解析：截止和截至是两个意义相近且有所区别的词，也是比较容易用错的词。
截止中的止是停止的意思，截至中的至是到的意思。
因此，截止强调的是行动的停止，不再发展；截至强调的是到某个时间，事件仍可能会发展。
A. 授权B. 受权外交部新闻司发表公告。
这个学校于当地政府，向学生收取了教育附加费。
解说：句的主语是施动者，因而应选择表主动的授权，句的主语是受动者，故应选择表被动的受权。
2.从词义的轻重辨析有些近义词表达的内容基本相同，但在表现程度上却有轻重、深浅的不同。
如显著与卓著，显著为非常明显，卓著为突出的好，这好上加好的卓著要比显著词义重多了。
又如错误与失误、批判与批评、渴望与希望都是前者较重，后者较轻。
其它如绝望和失望、蔑视和轻视、嗜好和爱好破坏和损坏等也都是前重后轻。
词语喜欢的同义词同义词是指意义相同的一组词语,可以分为等义词和近义词两种。
喜欢的同义词爱好：<方〉（～儿）顾惜体面,喜欢打扮：她从小就~，总爱好喜好：1、喜欢；爱好。
喜好可爱:令人喜爱:孩子活泼～。
可爱心爱：1、衷心喜爱。
心爱热爱:1、热烈地爱。
形容爱的程度极深。
热爱嗜好：1、喜好，特殊的爱好。
2、今多以指不良的爱好嗜好喜爱：1、对人或事物产生好感或兴趣.喜爱宠爱:1、对在下者因喜欢而偏爱；娇纵溺爱。
宠爱醉心：①令人陶醉;使人倾心：这是一个醉心的夜晚｜她脸上醉心笃爱：深切地爱：～自己的事业。
笃爱喜欢造句1）爷爷他最喜欢观赏“九州戏苑”里的京剧节目。
2）情随事迁，出狱后，人家都不喜欢他了.3）包工头总是喜欢整天呼幺喝六。
4) 我喜欢看小说，一拿起来就爱不忍释。
5) 那女孩喜欢孤芳自赏,没人肯理她。
6）人的饮食习惯各不相同，有的喜欢吃甜的，有的喜欢吃辣的,有的喜欢吃酸的。
7）爷爷喜欢京剧，爸爸喜欢流行歌曲。
8）这个人总喜欢夸耀自己,真讨厌。
9）初生婴儿喜欢白天睡觉,晚上耍，把时间搞颠倒了。
10）爷爷喜欢劳动,过不惯轻闲的日子。
11）张老师性格爽快，同学们都很喜欢她。
12）我家里的人有的喜欢唱歌,有的喜欢跳舞，还有的喜欢弹琴。
13）《上下五千年》这本书写得深入浅出，少年儿童都很喜欢。
14) 动物园有很多珍贵动物,最讨人喜欢的要数大熊猫。
15) 他那超凡脱俗的面容很逗人喜欢。
16）爷爷一向喜欢读书，是一个很有学问的人.17) 老虎喜欢单独行动,常常独来独往。
18）自己不喜欢的事情，不要强加于人，难道连这样粗浅的道理也不懂吗？19）星期六到郊外春游，这消息真叫人喜欢！20）“二人转”富有东北地方色彩，老百姓喜欢看。
21）小明向来喜欢读课外书，所以作文思路开阔。
22) 大家都讨厌她，因为她喜欢飞短流长。
23）小李开始很讨厌读书，不想日久天长，反而喜欢读书了.24) 弱不禁风的林黛玉很讨人喜欢.25）小弟弟高兴看动画片，不喜欢看故事片。
小学语文近义词辨析语文近义词辨析题带答案近义词辨析题是历年来高考中频频出现的一道题。
你掌握的近义词的相关知识点有多少呢?为了方便同学们复习，接下来WTT 为你整理了语文近义词辨析题带答案，一起来看看吧。
语文近义词辨析题1.(20XX山东)依次填入下列横线处的词语，最恰当的一组是①春天的脚步近了，大草原上的冰雪渐渐成了朵朵白色的“大蘑菇”煞是壮观。
②人与人之间要减少误会，化解矛盾，和谐相处，那么加强彼此是非常重要的。
③每天天还没亮，位于城郊的农贸市场批发市场就起来，人们又开始了一天的劳作。
A. 溶化沟通喧哗B.溶化勾通喧闹C. 融化勾通喧哗D.融化沟通喧闹2.(20XX北京)在文中横线处填入下列词语，正确的一项是( )菜籽油含有亚油酸、亚麻酸、花生酸等三种人体________的脂肪酸，还有油酸。
籽油能______胆固醇在小肠的吸收，还能促进肝内胆固醇的降解和排出，因此，对______心血管病的发生有一定作用。
A.必须抑止防治B.必须抑制防止C. 必需抑止防治D.必需抑制防止3.(20XX湖北)依次填入下列横线处的词语，最恰当的是说到底，世上风景闲流水，端的还是咬人慢下来。
中国这如诗的城市中，最是江城得了个中 ,且将它地挥洒出来。
这江城街头巷尾，湖畔公园里数不胜数的茶馆，茶铺，一个人在清晨的不慌不忙的起来，到茶馆里，一坐就是一天，那叫一个悠闲!A.趣味痛痛快快当是遛B.滋味淋漓尽致便是踱C.意味兴致勃勃自是逛D.韵味尽情尽兴恰是晃4.(20XX天津)3.下列各句横线处应填入的词语，最恰当的一组是(1)比起秋天的枫林来，夏天的枫林没有那么撩人的红韵，但那生机盎然的绿，着的却是一股青春的朝气。
(2)自得其乐的游戏，使动物紧张的自然竞争生活得到某种和补偿，使它们在生理上、心理上容易保持平衡。
(3)我们相隔的不是几小时的车程，而是一整块大陆，就像歌里所唱的，用我的晚安陪你吃早餐，但是也隔不断彼此的思念A.萌动调剂地久天长B.涌动调节地久天长C.萌动调节山长水远D.涌动调剂山长水远5.(2020山东)依次填入下列横线处的词语，最恰当的一组是办公人员的座椅高度是非常有讲究的。
小学语文近义词辨析小学语文近义词辨析小学语文近义词辨析 11、【哀怜、爱怜、爱恋】三者读音大致相同，但意义和用法不同。
“哀怜”指对别人的不幸遭遇表示同情，如“中华民族有哀怜弱者的传统”。
“爱怜”指十分疼爱，多用于子女，如“爱怜子女”。
“爱恋”指热爱而难以分离，多用于男女之间，如“二十多年来，他俩一直相互爱恋着”。
2、【爱护、爱惜】爱护有精心保护，不使受到损坏或镀害的意思;爱惜指不浪费，不糟蹋。
前者既可指人，又可指物;后者则仅指物或抽象事物，如“时间”。
3、【安闲、安适】安闲重在“闲”——心中无所牵挂;安适重在“适”——舒适，惬意。
4、【安置、安顿、安排】“安置”重在于“置”，使工作、生活、物品等有适当的位置，或指人或物的处置各得其所，又指安置亲属、行李、灾民等;“安顿”着重在于“顿”，妥当安排使有着落。
“安排”着重于“排”，分轻重缓急，先后主次，有条不紊地处置人或事物，多指人事、任务等的处理。
5、【按语、暗语】相同点：二者都与语言有关。
不同点：“按语”也写作“案语”，指作者、编者对有关文章、词句所做的说明、提示或考证。
如“这个文段，编者特地加了按语”;“暗语”指彼此约定的秘密话，如“这些话纯是暗语，别人根本听不懂”。
6、【暗淡、黯淡】二者都指不明朗。
不同的是暗淡”指光色昏暗，不光明，不鲜艳，如“光线暗淡”;“黯淡”①指心理暗淡，如“心情黯淡”;②同“暗淡”。
7、【翱翔、遨游】二者都与游动有关，但游动的方式有所不同。
“翱翔”指在空中回旋地飞。
“遨游”指漫游，游历。
如“自由翱翔”，“遨游太空”。
8、【懊悔、懊恼】懊悔重在“悔”——后悔，更多的是“责己”;懊恼重在“恼”——烦恼，更多的是“怨天尤人”。
9、【把持、操纵】把持是独占、独揽的意思，往往是公开性的活动;操纵是支配、控制的意思，多是幕后行为。
10、【颁布、颁发】“颁布”侧重于公布，对象往往是法令、条例等;“颁发”侧重于授予、发出，对象常是奖品或命令、指示等。
同义词、近义词辨析全解600条<秘书实践与学习>(一)01、黯然、暗然、岸然：“黯然”，指“阴暗的样子”，也用来指“心里不舒服，情绪低落的样子”。
“暗然”的“暗有“光线不足、黑暗”的意思。
“岸然”指“严肃的样子”。
02、爱护、爱戴：适应对象不同，前者上（长辈）对下辈，后者下（幼）辈对上（长辈）。
03、安详、慈祥、祥和：“安详“指神态平静、从容稳重。
“祥”指吉利，如“祥云、祥端、发祥”。
“慈祥”形容老年人的态度神色和蔼安详。
“祥和”指气氛而言。
注意“安详、慈祥、祥和”的写法。
04、安静、宁静：都指没有声音，没有吵闹和喧哗。
“安静”重在稳定，有使安稳平静下来的意思，它有一个由喧闹到安静下来的过程。
而“宁静”重在平和，一般多指环境或心情平和安静，它描述的是一种很安静的状态或气氛。
“宁静”是高于“安静”的一种情境，除了指环境外，更多的时候是指一种心情上的安宁，是人们追求的不受外界干扰的有质量的生活境界。
而“安静”多指环境没有声音或吵闹。
“安静”的使用范围要比“宁静”大一些。
?05、安置、安排：前者指使人或事物有着落，安放。
后者指有条理，有先后的处理。
06、必须、必需：都含有“必要”的意思。
“必须”是副词，有强调语气作用，多作状语。
（1）表示一定要，强调事实或情理上的必要性。
后面带动词或带形容词，有时还可以用在分句前面；（2）加强命令语气；（3）“必须“的否定形式是“无须、不须、不必”。
“必需”是动词，表示一定得有、不可缺少的，作定语或作谓语。
凡是“不可不”的行为就用“必须”。
07、表率、表帅：“表率”是名词，指“好榜样”。
其中“表”为“榜样、模范”，“率”为“表率、楷模”。
“表率”是由“表”和“率”两个同义语素构成的并列式合成词。
在古代汉语中，“表率”也可用作动词，有“督促率领”的意思。
“表帅”，在古代汉语和近代汉语中，用同“表率”的动词意义，表示“督促率领”。
现在一般不用这个词。
因“表帅、表率”同音，“帅”又有“军队中最高的指挥员”的意思，故人们常将“表率”误写为“表帅”。
近义词、反义词辨析本讲学习目标：1、了解近反义词的意思以及能够正确辨析这些词语；2、积累三年级上册常见近反义词。
(一)近义词是指词汇意义相同或相近的词语，如“美好”和“美妙”、“懒惰”和“怠惰”、“枯萎”和“干枯”、“宽敞”和“宽阔”。
与“近义词”意思相近的词为“同义词”。
近义词辨析技巧：1、从词义辨析语意的轻重不同。
有的近义词内涵虽然相同，但在表现其某种特征或程度上，则有轻重的差别。
例：努力竭力努力：指尽量使出力量，语意较轻。
竭力：指用尽全部力量，表示尽力的程度已经达到极点，语意重。
例：必须必需这两个词都含有“一定要”的意思。
但它们的侧重面不同。
“必须”的意思，侧重在“非这样不可”，如：“上级命令红四团必须在29日早晨赶到沪定桥。
”“必需”的意思侧重在“不可缺少”，如：“水是人们生活所必需的。
”2、从情感色彩辨析有些词的基本意义相同，但含有不同的感情色彩。
有的带有肯定、喜爱、赞扬意味的词叫褒义词；有的带有否定、憎恨、蔑视意味的词叫贬义词。
例：“神机妙算”和“诡计多端”、“再接再厉”和“变本加厉”、“赞成”和“附和”、“成果”和“后果”等这些词都含褒义和贬义，都是相对的。
3、从用法来辨析有的词使用范围不同，有些往往只能和固定的某些词搭配，形成了比较固定的习惯。
例4：改变改造这两个词都含有“更改、变动”的意思，但搭配关系不同。
“改变”一般和“主张、态度、立场、计划”等搭配；“改造”一般和“沙漠、思想、世界观”等搭配。
不适当的搭配显得生硬，别扭。
(二)反义词就是两个意思相反的词，互相对立的词。
如：真——假，动——静，拥护——反对。
黑——白，高山——平地。
反义词辨析技巧1、从词的性质辨析词按性质又分为名词、动词、形容词等。
一对反义词的词性必须是相同的。
例1：“黑暗”“黑暗”是形容词，它的反义词也应是形容词“光明”，如果用“亮光”就不对了。
因为“亮光”是名词。
2、从词的范围辨析反义词所指的范围是相同范围的词。
Part One(1)同义词，近义词辨析1.Children who are over-protected by their parents may become ___ .A)hurt C) spoiledB)damaged D) harmed2.There were some ___ flowers on the table.A)artificial C) falseB)unnatural D) unreal3.Many people complain of the rapid ____of modern life.A) rate C) pace B) speed D) denied4.American women were ____ the right to vote until 1920 after many years of hard struggle.A) ignored C) refused B) neglected D) denied5.There's little chance that mankind would ___ a nuclear war.A) retain C) maintain B) endure D) survive6.Our company decided to ____ the contract because a number of the conditions in it had not been met.A) destroy C) assume B) resist D) cancel7.In the advanced course students must take performance tests at monthlyA) gaps C) length B) intervals D) distance8.The ___ of blood always makes him feel sick.A) form C) look B) view D) sight9.Free medical treatment in this country covers sickness of mind as well assicknesses.A) normal C) average B) ordinary D) regular10.This hotel ____ $60 for a single room with bath.A) charges C) prices B) increase D) claims11.The government is trying to do something to ____ b etter understanding between the two countries.A) raise C) heighten B) increase D) promote12.I'm very sorry to have ____ y ou with so many questions on such anoccasion.A) interfered C) impressed B) offended D) bothered13.The price of beer ___ from 50 cents to $4 per liter during the summer season.A) altered C) separated B) ranged D) differed14.Although they plant trees in this area every year the tops of some hills are still ____ .A) bland C) vacant B) hollow D) bare15.Medical care reform has become this country's most important public healthA) question C) matter B) stuff D) issue16.In preparing scientific reports of laboratory experiments, a student shouldhis findingsin logical order and clear language.A) furnish C) raise B) propose D) present17.A healthy life is frequently thought to be ___ with the open countryside and homegrown food.A) tied C) involved B) bound D) associated18.Features such as height, weight, and skin color ___ from individual to individual and from face to face.A) change C) alter B) vary D) convert19.It has been revealed that some government leaders ___ their authority and position to get illegal for themselves.A) employ C) abuse B) take D) overlook20.Writing is a slow process, requiring ___ thought, time, and effort.A) significant C) enormous B) considerable D) numerous21.New York ____ second in the production of 850,000,000 pounds this year.A) ranked C) arranged B) occupied D) classified22.I caught a ___ of the taxi before it disappeared around the corner of the street.A) vision C) look B) glimpse D) scene23.The strong storm did a lot of damage to the coastal villages: several fishing boats were ____and many houses collapsed.A) wrecked C) torn B) spoiled D) injured24.Please be careful when you are drinking coffee in case you ___ the new carpet.A) crash C) spot B) pollute D) stain25.As a result of careless washing the jacket ___ to a child's size.A) compressed C) dropped B) shrank D) decreased26.He hoped the firm would ____ h im to the Paris branch.A)exchange C) transferB)transmit D) remove(2)常见词组、句型的整合关系(一)27.The engine ___ smoke and steam.A) gives up C) gives away B) gives in D) gives of f28.They ____ i n spite of the extremely difficult condition.A) carried out C) carried on B) carried off D) carried forward29.When ____ M r. Jones gets old, he will ____ over his business to his son.A) take C) think B) hand D) get30.Important people don't often have much free time as their work ___ a ll their time.A) takes away C) takes up B) takes over D) takes in答案：CACDD DBDBA DDBDC DDBCB ABADB CDCBCPart Two1.When I was very young, I was terribly frightened of school, but I soon __ it.A) get off C) got away B) got across D) got over2.I always ___ what I have said.A) get to C) lead to B) hold to D) see to3.Mr. Wilson said that he did not want to ___ any further responsibilities.A) take on C) put up B) get on D) look up4.The French pianist who had been praised very highly ___ to be a great disappointment.A) turned up C) turned out B) turned in D) turned down5.When a fire ____ a t the National Exhibition in London, at least ten priceless paintings were completely destroyed.A) broke off C) broke out B) broke down D) broke up6.The destruction of these treasures was a loss for mankind that no amount of money could ___ .A) stand up to C) come up with B) put up with D) make up for7.Then the speaker ___ the various factors leading to the present economic crisis.A) went after C) went for B) went into D) went on8.You cannot be ____ careful when you drive a car.A) very C) so B) too D) enough9.Five minutes earlier, ____ we could have caught the last train.A) and C) or B) but D) so10.He's watching TV? He's ____ to be cleaning his room.A) known C) regarded B) considered D) supposed11.Because Edgar was convinced of the accuracy of this fact, he ___ his opinionA) stuck to C)struck B) strove for D) stood for12.Our son doesn't know to ___ at the university; he can't make up his mind about his future.A) take in C) take over B) take up D) take after13.A lorry ____ J am's cat and sped away.A)ran over C) ran throughB)ran into D) ran down14.Frequently single-parent children ___ some of the function that the absent adult in the house would have served.A)take off C) take inB)take after D) take on15.I want to buy a new tie to ____ this brown suit.A)go into C) go withB)go after D) go by16.I can't ____ what that object is.A)made up C) make outB)make over D) make for17.When the whole area was ____ by the flood, the government sent food there by helicopter.A)cut away C) cut upB)cut down D) cut off18.If you don't like to swim, you ___ stay at home.A)should as well C) can as wellB)may as well D) would as well19.That was so serious a matter that I had no choice but ___ the police.A)called in C) call inB)calling in D) to call in20.The sports meet, originally due to be held last Friday, was finally ___ because of the bad weather.A)set off C) worn offB)broken off D) called off21.A well-written composition ___ good choice of words and clear organization among other things.A)call on C) call upB)calls for D) calls off22.The store had to ___ a number of clerks because sales were down.A)lay out C) lay asideB)lay off D) lay down23. ___ it or not, his discovery has created a stir in scientific circles.A)Believe C) BelievingB)To believe D) Believed24.The car ___ halfway for no reason.A)broke off C) broke upB)broke down D) broke out25.Only day I ____ a newspaper article about the retirement of an English professor at a nearby state college.A)came across C) came afterB)came about D) came at26.The trumpet player was certainly loud. But I wasn't bothered by his loudnessby his lack of talent.A)than C) asB)more than D) so much as27.They decided to chase the cow away ___ it did more damage.A)unless C) beforeB)until D) although28. ___ we have finished the course, we shall start doing more revision work.A)For now C) Ever sinceB)Now that D) By now29. ___ the advances of science, the discomforts of old age will no doubt always be with us.A)As for C) ExceptB)Besides D) Despite30.A man escaped from the prison last night. It was a long time ___ the guards discovered what had happened.A)before C) sinceB)until D) when31.Nuclear science should be developed to benefit the people ___ to test this medicine on human patients.A)more than C) rather thanB)other than D) better than32.Scientists say it may be five or ten years ___ it is possible to test this medicine on human patients.A)since C) afterB)when D) before33.Liquids are like solids ___ they have a definite volume.A)since C) in thatB)for that D) at thatC).Every man in this country has the right to live where he wants to, __ t he color of his skin.A)regardless of C) by virtue ofB)in the light of D) with the exception of35.John seems a nice person. __ , I don't trust him.A)Even though C) Even soB)Therefore D) Though答案：1.D 2.B 3.A 4.C 5.C 6.D 7.B 8.B 9.A 10.D 11.A 12.B 13.A 14.D 15.C 16.C 17.D 18.B 19.D 20.D 21.B 22.B 23.A 24.B 25.A 26.D 27.C 28.B 29.D 30.A 31.C 32.D 33.C 34.A 35.DPart Three1. ___ that my head had cleared, my brain was also beginning to work much better.A)For C) NowB)since D) Despite2.Being a pop star can be quite a hard life, with a lot of travelling ___ heavy schedules.A)with regard to C) in relation toB)as to D) owing to3.Criticism and self-criticism is necessary ___ it helps us to find and correct our mistakes.A)by that C) on thatB)on that D) in that4.In no country ___ Britain, it has been said, can one experience four seasons in the course of asingle day.A) other than C) better thanC) more than D) rather than5.He went ahead ___ all warnings about the danger of his mission.A)in case of C) regardless ofB)because of D) prior to6.Not that John doesn't want to help you, ___ it's beyond his power.A)but that C) and thatB)for that D) in that7.Doing your homework is a sure way to improve your test scores, and this is especially true ____ it comes to classroom tests.A)when C) beforeB)since D) after8.I felt somewhat disappointed and was about to leave, ____ s omething occurred which attracted my attention.A)unless C) whenB)until D) while9.Young adults ____ older people are more likely to prefer pop songs.A)other than C) less thanB)more than D) rather than10.You see the lighting ____ it happens, but you hear the thunder later.A)the instant C) on the instantB)for an instant D) in an instant11. ___ their differences, the couple were developing an obvious and genuine affection for each other.A)But for C) Above allB)For all D) Except for(4)搭配关系和平行结构12.The bridge was named ___ the hero who gave his life for the cause of the people.A)after C) byB)with D) from13.It wasn't such a good dinner ____ she had promised us.A)that C) asB)which D) what14.Many new ___ will be opened up in the future for those with a university education.A)opportunities C) realitiesB)necessities D) probabilities15.It was difficult to guess what her ___ to the news would be.A)impression C) commentB)reaction D) opinion16.I like watching TV ___ to the cinema.A)more than to go C) more than goingB)than going D) rather than to go17.He was ____ of having asked such a silly question.A)sorry C) ashamedB)much as D) more as18.I cannot give you ___ for the type of car you sell because there is no demand for it in the market.A)an expense C) a purchaseB)a charge D) an order19.In the experiment we kept a watchful eye---the developments and recorded every detail.A)in C) forB)at D) on20.She is --- a musician than her brother.A) much of B) more ofC) much as D) more as21.Having no money but ___ to know, he simply said he would go withoutdinner.A)not to want anyone C) wanted no oneB)not wanting anyone D) to want no one22.They usually have of a day students do far more than just ___ classes.A)which is C) they haveB)which was D) it is23.In the course of a day students do far more than just ___ classes.A)attend C) to attendB)attended D) attending24. ___ quite recently, most mothers in Britain did not take paid work outside the home.A)Until C) FromB)Before D) Since25.When there are small children around, it is necessary to put bottles of pills out of ____ .A)hand C) holdB)reach D) place26.The newspaper did not mention the ___ of the damage caused by the fire.A)extent C) holdB)level D) quantity27.The soldier was ____ o f running away when the enemy attacked.A)accused C) scoldedB)charged D) punished28.As teachers we should concern ourselves with what is said, not what we think ___ .A)have to be said C) ought to be saidB)must say D) need to say29.Realizing that he hadn't enough money and ____ t o borrow from his father, he decided to sell his watch.A)not wanted C) not wantingB)not to want D) wanting not30.This ticket ____ y ou to a free meal in our new restaurant.A)gives C) entitlesB)grants D) credits31.We were struck by the extent ____ w hich teachers' decisions served the interests of theschool rather than those of the students.A)to C) inB)for D) with32.Melted iron is poured into the mixer much ___ tea is poured into a cup from a teapot.A)in the same way like C) in the same wayB)in the same way which D) in the same way as33.The manager lost his ____ just because his secretary was ten minutes late.A)mood C) mindB)temper D) passion34.Mr. Morgan can be very sad ___ , though in public he is extremely cheerful.A)by himself C) in privateB)in person D) as individual(5)定语从句、主语从句、同位语从句35.All ___ is a continuous supply of the basic necessities of life.A)what is needed C) the thing needB)for our needs D) that is needed36. ___ she first heard of the man referred to as a specialist.A)That was from Stephen C) It was from Stephen thatB)It was Stephen whom D) It was Stephen that37.The goals ____ he had fought all his life no longer seemed important to him.A)after which C) with whichB)for which D) at which38.Evidence came up ___ specific speech sounds are recognized by babiesas young as 6 months old.A)what C) thatB)has D) whose答案：CDDAC AACDA BACAB CCDDC BCAAB AACCC ADBCD CBCPart Four1.How close parents are to their children ___ a strong influence on the character of the children.A)have C) havingB)has D) to have2.Helen was much kinder to her younger child than she was to the other, ___ , of the course, made the others jealous.A)who C) whatB)that D) which3. ___ is known to the world, Mark Twain is a great American writer.A)That C) AsB)Which D) It4.You will want two trees about ten feet apart, from ___ to suspend you tent.A)there C) thatB)them D) which5.In some countries, ___ is called "equality" does not really mean equal right for all people.A)which C) thatB)one D) what6.I had just started back for the house to change my clothes ____ I heard voices.A)as C) afterB)while D) when7.The mere fact ___ most people believe nuclear war would be madness does not mean that it will not occur.A)that C) whatB)which D) why8. ___ that the trade between the two countries reached its highest point.A)During the 1960'sB)It was in the 1960'sC)That it was in the 1960'sD)It was the 1960's9.I hope all the precautions against air pollution, ___ suggested by the local government, will be seriously considered here.A)whileB)SinceC)AfterD)As10.I've never been to Beijing, but it's the place _____ .A)where I'd like to visitB)I most want to visitC)In which I'd like to visitD)that I want to visit it most11.They are teachers and don't realize ___ to start and run a company.A)what it takesB)what takes itC)what they takeD)what takes them12.I have kept that portrait ___ I can see it every day, as it always reminds me of myuniversity days in London.A)whichB)whereC)whetherD)when13. ___ might be expected, the response to the question was very mixed.A)AsB)ThatC)ItD)What14.By success I don't mean ____ usually thought of when that word is used.A)what isB)that weC)as youD)all is15.As ___ announced in today's papers, the Shanghai Export Commodities Fair is Also open on Sunday.A)beingB)isC)to beD)been16.Although he knew little about the large amount of work done in the field, he succeeded ____ other more well-informed experiments failed.A)whichB)thatC)whatD)where17.Living in the central Australian desert has its problems, _____ obtaining water is not the least.A)for whichB)to whichC)of whichD)in which18.A survey was carried out on the death rate of new-born babies in that region, were surprising.A)as resultsB)which resultsC)the results of itD)the results of which六．非谓语、独立主格(一)19.A new technique ___ , the yields as a whole increased by 20 per cent.A)working outB)having worked outC)having been worked outD)to have been worked out20. ____ with the size of the whole earth, the highest mountain does not seem high at all.A)When comparedB)CompareC)While comparingD)ComparingE).The children went there to watch the iron tower __ .A)to erectB)erectingC)be erectedD)being erected22.The manager promised to keep me ___ of how our business was going on.A)to be informedB)on informingC)informedD)informing23.John regretted _____ to the meeting last week.A)not goingB)not to goC)not having been goingD)not to be going24.Mrs. Brown is supposed ___ for Italy last week.A)to have leftB)to be leavingC)to leaveD)to have been left25.The match was cancelled because most of the members ___ a match without a standard court.A)objected to havingB)were objected to haveC)objected to haveD)were objected to having26.The teacher doesn't permit ___ in class.A)smokeB)to smokeC)smokingD)to have a smoke27.I appreciate ___ to your home.A)to be invitedB)to have invitedC)having invitedD)being invited28.The speaker, ____ f or her splendid speeches, was warmly received by the audience.A)having knownB)being knownC)knowingD)known29.After ____ for the job, you will be required to take a language test.A)being interviewedB)interviewedC)interviewingD)having interviewed30.Mr. Johnson preferred ____ heavier work to do.A)to be givenB)to be givingC)to have givenD)having given31.I remember ____ to help us if we ever got into trouble.A)once offeringB)him once offeringC)him to offerD)to offer him32.Mark often attempts to escape ___ , whenever he breaks traffic regulations.A)having been finedB)to have been finedC)being finedD)to be fined33.No matter how frequently ____ , the works of Beethoven always attract large audiences.A)performedB)performingC)to be performedD)being performed34.Jean did not have time to go to the concert last night because she was busyforher examination.A)to prepareB)to be preparedC)preparingD)being prepared35.I would appreciate ____ it a secret.A)you to keepB)your keepingC)that you keepD)that you will keep36.Your hair wants ____ . You'd better have it done tomorrow.A)cutB)cuttingC)to cutD)being cut37. ___ , a man who expresses himself effectively is sure to succeed more rapidly than a man whose command of language is poor.A)Other things to be equalB)Were other things equalC)To be equal to other thingsD)Other things being equal38.The man in the corner confessed to ___ a lie to the manager of the company.A)have toldB)having toldC)being toldD)be told39.such a good chance, he planned to learn more.A)To be givenB)Having been givenC)Having givenD)Giving40.The project, ____ by the end of 2000, will expand the city's telephone network to cover 1,000,000 users.A)accomplishedB)being accomplished C) to be accomplished D) having been accomplished41.Ann never dreams of ____ for her to be sent abroad very soon.A)there being a chanceB)there to be a chance C) there be a chance D) being a chance42.All things ____ , the planned trip will have to be called off.A) considered B) be consideredC)considering D) having considered.非谓语、独立主格(二)43．A Dream of the Red Chamber is said _____ i nto dozens of languages in the lastdecade.A) to have been translated B) to translate C) to be translatedD)to have translated44.The speech ____ , a lively discussion started.A) being delivered B) be delivered C) was delivered D) having been delivered45. _____ the earth to be flat, many feared that Columbus would fall off the edge of the earth.A) Having believed B) Believing C) Believed D) Being believed46.If I correct someone, I will do it with as much good humor and self-restraint as if I were the one _____ .A) to correct B) correcting C) having corrected D) being corrected47.The ancient Egyptians are supposed ______ rockets to the moon.A)to sendB)to be sending C) to have sent D) to have been sending48.There's a man at the reception desk who seems angry and I think he means _____ trouble.A) making B) to have madeC) to make D) having made 答案：BDCDD DABDB ABAAB DCDCA DCAAA CDDAA BCACB BCBBC AACDB DCC。
