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朱永涛《英语国家社会与⽂化⼊门》笔记和考研真题详解（加拿⼤的国际关系）【圣才出品】第22章加拿⼤的国际关系22.1 复习笔记I. Introduction1. Canada’s role in the world2. Canada as a “junior partner”3. Canada as a “middle power”II. Political Geography1. Geographical Influence2. Canada’s role in international Organizations III. From Junior Partner to Middle Power1. Canada in “the vortex of European militarism”2. Conscription Crisis3. Canada’s golden age of international diplomacy IV. Canada’s Military Commitments1. Involuntary Military Guarantee2. Independent foreign policy3. “Free rider”V. Canadian-American Relations1. Close in relationship2. Defense Policy3. Economic interests4. DifferencesVI. Overseas Development Programs1. Attitude towards the Third World2. Peace and security promotionI. Introduction（简介）1.Canada’s role in the world（加拿⼤在世界中的⾓⾊）(1)Canada “invented” the concept of United Nations peace-keeping.(2)Canada convinced the international community to put pressure on South Africa’s apartheid policies.(3)In more recent years, partly through Canadian diplomatic efforts, things like women’s issues and the environment have been put on the international agenda.(4)Canada is a member of the powerful Group of Eight.①提出了联合国维和的概念。
朱永涛英语国家社会与⽂化⼊门第3版配套题库含考研真题本书是朱永涛《英语国家社会与⽂化⼊门》（第3版）教材的配套题库，严格按照该教材的章⽬编排，共分42章（第⼀部分为英国、爱尔兰、澳⼤利亚，共20章；第⼆部分为新西兰、美国、加拿⼤，共22章），精选与各章内容配套的考研真题和典型题进⾏详解，所选试题基本涵盖了每章的考点和难点。
⽬录：第⼀部分 英国、爱尔兰、澳⼤利亚第1章 英国简介（1）第2章 英国简介（2）第3章 英国政府第4章 政治、阶级和社会第5章 英国经济第6章 英国⽂学第7章 英国教育体系第8章 英国的外交关系第9章 英国媒体第10章 英国的体育运动、节假⽇第11章 爱尔兰地理、⼈⽂和历史第12章 爱尔兰政治和经济第13章 爱尔兰的⽂化：爱尔兰⼈的⽣活现状第14章 爱尔兰的⽂化：语⾔，⽂学和艺术第15章 澳⼤利亚的地理特征、怀有“梦创信仰”的民族第16章 澳⼤利亚的⽂化⽣活第17章 ⼯作和家庭⽣活第18章 澳⼤利亚是⼀个⾃由民主的社会第19章 澳⼤利亚的今天第20章 从种族主义到多元⽂化主义第⼆部分 新西兰、美国、加拿⼤第1章 国⼟、⼈民与历史第2章 政治制度、教育与经济第3章 美国的起始第4章 美国的政治制度第5章 美国经济第6章 美国的宗教第7章 美国⽂学第8章 美国的教育第9章 20世纪60年代的社会运动第10章 美国的社会问题第11章 美国⼈的⽣活⽅式：寻找⼀个可靠的概括第12章 美国的妇⼥解放运动第13章 美国的科技第14章 ⼆战后美国外交政策第15章 美国的体育运动与风景名胜第16章 美国的流⾏⽂化：电影和⾳乐第17章 国家与⼈民第18章 加拿⼤政府与政治第19章 加拿⼤——“⽂化镶嵌画”第20章 加拿⼤经济第21章 加拿⼤⽂学第22章 加拿⼤的国际关系第⼀部分 英国、爱尔兰、澳⼤利亚第1章 英国简介（1）Ⅰ. Multiple choice.1. Who were the ancestors of the English and the founders of England?[北⼆外2008研]A. The Anglo-Saxons.B. The Vikings.C. The Normans.D. The Romans.【答案】A【解析】盎格鲁-撒克逊⼈是⽇⽿曼民族的分⽀，于五世纪中期由北欧⼊侵⼤不列颠，成为现今英格兰⼈的祖先。
17.2考研真题与典型题详解I.Multiple Choice1.About______of the population live within a few hundred kilometers of the Canadian-American border.A.50%B.60%C.70%D.90%【答案】D【解析】约90%的人口生活在距离加美边境只有几百公里的范围之内。
2.Which of the following provinces is not in the prairies?A.Alberta.B.Nova Scotia.C.Saskatchewan.D.Manitoba.【答案】B【解析】大草原地区共有三个省：阿尔伯达省，萨斯喀彻温省以及马尼托巴省。
B选项新斯科舍省属于大西洋地区。
3.What is the economic mainstay of British Columbia?A.The forestry industry.B.The hydroelectric industry.C.Mining industry.D.Manufacturing industry.【答案】A【解析】林业是不列颠哥伦比亚省的主要经济支柱，该地区拥有加拿大最有价值的林业产业。
A为正确选项。
4.Which of the following provinces is known as“the Land of100,000Lakes?A.AlbertaB.SaskatchewanC.New BrunswickD.Manitoba【答案】D【解析】马尼托巴省素有万湖之州之称。
D为正确选项。
Ⅱ.Fill in the blanks.1.Canada stretches“from sea to sea”(the country’s motto)—bordered by the ______on the west coast and the______on the east coast.【答案】Pacific Ocean；Atlantic Ocean【解析】加拿大的国家格言是“从海到海”，因为加拿大西边是太平洋海岸，而东边是大西洋海岸。
第1章国土、人民与历史Ⅰ. Multiple choices.1. The largest urban area of New Zealand is _____.A. AucklandB. WellingtonB. HamiltonD. Queenstown【答案】A【解析】奥克兰是新西兰最大的城市，惠灵顿是新西兰首都。
2. New Zealanders have adopted their names from the kiwi, _____.A. which is a native flightless birdB. which was the only mammal in New ZealandC. which was introduced to New Zealand about 1000 years agoD. which is an introduced flightless bird【答案】A【解析】几维鸟（kiwi）是一种体型较大而无飞行能力的鸟类，在英语口语中用来指新西兰人。
3. Who was the first European navigator who arrived in New Zealand in 1642?A. Abel T asmanB. James CookB. a sealerD. a Christian missionary【答案】A【解析】荷兰人阿贝尔·塔斯曼（Abel T asman）成为第一个来到新西兰的欧洲航海家。
4. Which of the following is believed to be a prehistoric survival and described as a “living fossil”?A. The kiwi bird.B. The tuatara.C. The emus.D. The Maoris.【答案】B【解析】几维鸟（kiwi bird）是新西兰的国鸟，是国家的象征。
第18章加拿大政府与政治Ⅰ. Decide if the following statements are true (T) or false (F):1. In history, British Columbia agreed to join confederation on condition that the railroad would be built to the west coast. _____【答案】T【解析】加拿大的开国元勋们通过承诺给新成员特殊优惠的办法，说服那些强大的省政府加入邦联。
不列颠哥伦比亚省以铁路通到西海岸为条件同意加入邦联。
2. Provincial governments are responsible for the local economy, education andhealth system. _____【答案】T【解析】省政府对当地的经济、教育以及医疗卫生系统负责。
3. The Governor-General is the representative of the Queen and is the head of thegovernment. _____【答案】F【解析】女王是加拿大的国家元首，同时也是大不列颠、澳大利亚、新西兰以及其他前英属殖民地的女王。
总督是女王在加拿大的代表，但女王与总督的职责基本上都是礼节性的。
总理才是政府首脑，掌握实权。
4. The Canadian parliament is divided into an upper house called the House of Commons, and a lower house called the Senate. _____【答案】F【解析】加拿大的议会分为两院，即下议院（the House of Commons）与上议院（the Senate）。
5. The two biggest political parties in Canada are the Reform Party and the LiberalParty. _____【答案】F【解析】加拿大共有四个主要政党：自由党、保守党、新民主党和魁北克集团。
第20章加拿大经济Ⅰ. Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F):1. Canada is a leading industrial nation with a highly developed economy. _____ 【答案】T【解析】加拿大是世界领先的工业发达国家。
2. Canadian federal governments have by tradition intervened in the development of the country’s resources and infrastructure. _____【答案】T【解析】加拿大经济受政府干预的影响：历届联邦政府一直习惯于干预国内资源与基础设施的发展，而不允许市场发挥重要作用。
3. Canada used to be mainly an exporter of staple commodities, things like furs, fish, forestry and agricultural products. _____【答案】T【解析】自然资源是加拿大财富最初的来源。
加拿大过去主要生产并出口原料性商品。
4. During the administration of John A. Macdonald, Canada’s economy fell more deeply under the influence of the United States. _____【答案】F【解析】加拿大第一任总理——约翰·亚历山大·麦克唐纳推行了一项旨在发展国内市场与制造业的国民经济计划，但加拿大的服务业与制造业并未取得较大进展。
这一时期加拿大的经济发展未与美国有很大联系。
5. The Auto Pact between Canada and the US, which erected heavy tariffs on the import of US cars, was signed in 1965. _____【答案】F【解析】1965年，加美签署汽车协定，确保两国之间的汽车贸易更为自由，这对双方都有利处，为它们以后签订《自由贸易协定》铺平了道路。
第22章加拿大的国际关系Ⅰ. Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F):1. Canada plays an important role in international affairs and it is one of the five great powers which sit on the UN Security Council. _____【答案】F【解析】加拿大在国际事务中发挥重要作用，但它并不是联合国安理会五个常任理事国之一。
2. Canada provided the “air power” to support US military operations in the 1990 — 1991 Gulf War but this contribution was largely overlooked. _____【答案】T【解析】在海湾战争期间，加拿大为美国贡献了航空力量，但他们的贡献很大程度上被忽视了。
3. The US did not agree with Canada on the claims that Canadian territory stretchedto the Arctic Circle. _____【答案】T【解析】美国并不同意加拿大宣称要把领土范围扩展到北极圈内。
4. In geography, Canada has the world’s longest coastline and lies between two superpowers, therefore, militarily it is considered vulnerable. _____【答案】T【解析】地理上，加拿大拥有世界上最长的海岸线，并且位于俄国和美国两大超级大国之间，因此它的军事力量相对薄弱。
第19章加拿大——“文化镶嵌画”Ⅰ. Multiple choices.1. Immigrants from central and eastern Europe were encouraged to settle the prairies and develop the _____.A. agricultureB. mining industryB. forestryD. fishing industry【答案】B【解析】加拿大政府鼓励欧洲中部及东部人口到大草原地区定居并发展采矿业。
2. After World War Ⅱ, Canada opened its doors again to immigrants from aboard, but restrictions on _____ persisted.A. BritonsB. AmericansB. Northern EuropeansD. Asians【答案】D【解析】二战后，加拿大重新打开门户，但加拿大的决策者们只欢迎那些最易融入加拿大社会的民族，亚洲人仍受到限制。
3. In local Vancouver schools, it is estimated that over half the students speak _____ as their first language.A. EnglishB. FrenchB. Mandarin ChineseD. Cantonese【答案】D【解析】在温哥华的学校，大约有一半多的学生把粤语作为第一语言。
4. The city of _____ is home to the second largest Chinese community in North America.A. OttawaB. VancouverB. TorontoD. Montreal【答案】B【解析】如今，温哥华是北美仅次于旧金山的第二大华人群体所在地。
朱永涛《英语国家社会与文化入门》...第16章加拿大政府与政治I Decide if the following statements are true(T)or false(F):1.In history,British Columbia agreed to join confederation on condition that the railroad would be built to the west coast._____ 【答案】T【解析】加拿大的开国元勋们通过承诺给新成员特殊优惠的办法，说服那些强大的省政府加入邦联。
不列颠哥伦比亚省以铁路通到西海岸为条件同意加入邦联。
2.Provincial governments are responsible for the local economy,education and healthsystem._____【答案】T【解析】省政府对当地的经济、教育以及医疗卫生系统负责。
3.The Governor-General is the representative of the Queen and is the head of thegovernment._____【答案】F【解析】女王是加拿大的国家元首，她同时也是大不列颠、澳大利亚、新西兰以及其他前英属殖民地的女王。
总督是女王在加拿大的的代表。
但女王与总督的职责基本上都是礼节性的。
总理才是政府首脑，掌握实权。
4.The Canadian parliament is divided into an upper house called the House of Commons,and a lower house called the Senate._____【答案】F【解析】加拿大的议会分为两院，即下议院（the House of Commons）与上议院（the Senate）。
本题说法相反，因此错误。
第21章加拿大文学21.1 复习笔记I. The literature of survival1. Survival in nature2. Cultural survivalII. Native Canadian mythologyIII. Early colonial literature1. Background2. An era of reportingIV. The literature of nation-building1. Background2. The era of realism in literature3. Writers and worksV. Canada in the ascendant1. The “Montreal Group” of poets2. T ed Allan3. Literature in the French languageVI. Canadian literature in the modern world1. Main features2. Writers and worksI. The literature of survival（“生存”文学）In Canadian literature there is a common concern with the idea of “survival” and this idea, in its many different forms, is regarded as the central symbol of Canadian literature.加拿大文学中普遍存在“生存”这一主题，有多种形式，被认为是加拿大文学的中心主题。
1. Survival in nature（自然中的生存）The concern with “simple” survival in the face of hostile elements is a reflection of the dangerous natural world in which Canadians find themselves.对在恶劣自然条件下求生存的关注反映了加拿大人所生活的自然环境的危险性。
第19章加拿大——“文化镶嵌画”Ⅰ. Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F):1. Officially, Canada refers to itself as a multicultural society within a bilingualframework. _____【答案】T【解析】20世纪60年代，加拿大政治家们意识到有三分之一的加拿大人既不是英裔也不是法裔，从而创立“双语制体系中的多元文化社会”这一概念，同时拨款资助不同种族团体保留其文化特色。
2. The Metis are a group of aboriginal people who inherited both their French andaboriginal backgrounds. _____【答案】T【解析】梅帝斯族（the Metis），加拿大一个土著民族，是法国皮毛商与土著妇女的后代。
3. The aboriginal people in Canada gained the right to vote in 1920s. _____【答案】F【解析】直到1960年《加拿大权利法案》实施后，加拿大土著人民的选举权才获得宪法保障。
4. From the 1890s through the 1920s, the Canadian governments encouragedimmigrants from northern Europe to farm and harvest the forests. _____【答案】F【解析】从19世纪90年代到20世纪20年代，加拿大政府鼓励欧洲中部及东部人口到大草原地区定居并发展采矿业。
5. The majority residents in Quebec are French speakers, and there are about 600 000 French speakers living outside Quebec. _____【答案】T【解析】魁北克省是加拿大主要讲法语的省份，讲法语的居民占该省总人口的83%。
加拿大第17章国家与人民17.1 复习笔记I. Canada and the Canadian identity1. Canada2. The Canadian identityII. The regions of Canada1. Basic situation2. The north3. The west4. The prairies5. Central Canada6. The Atlantic regionIII. History1. The First Nations2. European settlement3. The ConfederationIV. The origin of the word “Canada” and place names.1. The word “Canada”2. Place namesI. Canada and the Canadian identity（加拿大与加拿大特色）1. Canada（加拿大）(1)Size（面积）Canada is the second largest country in size with a small population.从领土面积上看，加拿大是世界第二大国，但人口却很少。
(2)National strength（国力）①In terms of economic power, it is a member of the G-7, ranking along with America, France, Britain, Italy, Germany and Japan. (In 1997, G-7 turned into G-8 with Russia in.)②It plays an active role in international affairs.③It is rated to have the best living standard in the world.①从经济实力上看，加拿大属于七国集团，该集团还包括：美国、法国、英国、意大利、德国以及日本。
第10章美国的社会问题Ⅰ. Multiple choices.1. Which of the following used human beings as guinea pigs to test drugs like LSD?（北二外2008研）A. The FBIB. Richard NixonC. CongressD. The CIA【答案】D【解析】美国中央情报局曾（The CIA）多次实施人体迷幻药（LSD）实验。
2. Who was the first US President resigned from office?（首都师范大学2011研）A. Andrew JohnsonB. Gerald FordC. Richard NixonD. Jimmy Carter【答案】C【解析】尼克松（Richard Nixon），美国第37位总统。
1974年，他因“水门事件”被迫辞去总统之职，成为美国历史上第一个为了躲避国会对其滥用职权进行制裁和定罪而辞职的总统。
3. Which of the following was not a true description of southern blacks’ situation after the Civil War ?（中山大学2008研）A. They were provided separate but equal facilities and services.B. They were second-class citizens.C. They were terrorized by the Ku Klux Klan.D. Their freedom was restricted by “black codes”.【答案】A【解析】美国内战介绍后，黑人名义上获得了平等，但事实上，他们的地位依然很低，权利也得不到保障；他们还受到三K党的暴力威胁。
第22章加拿大的国际关系Ⅰ. Multiple choices.1. Which of the following statements about Canadian geographical factors influencing its participation in international system is not true?A. Bordered by three large oceans, Canada has the world’s longest coastline.B. As the world’s second largest country, the territory that needs to be defendedis vast, whereas the Canadian population is far too small to defend such a vast territory.C. Since the south is mainly unpopulated, the Canadian government, at one point,asked the local Inuit hunters to take their skidoos and patrol the area.D. Canada lies between two superpowers—Russia and the United States, which isalso a geographical factor that gravely affects Canada’s security.【答案】C【解析】由于北部人烟稀少，而不是南部，加拿大政府曾命令本地的因纽特人靠机动雪橇来巡逻。
2. Because of its geography, Canada has sometimes been described as being “_____”.A. indestructibleB. indefensibleC. invincibleD. inaccessible【答案】B【解析】由于地理因素，加拿大常被描述为“无法防御”的。
3. In 1914, when the World War Ⅰ broke out in Europe, Canada had an army of only _____ men.A. 2000B. 3000B. 4000D. 5000【答案】B【解析】一战爆发时，加拿大只有一支3000人组成的军队。
4. Who played a key role in the defusing of the Suez Crisis of 1956 and for this was awarded the Nobel Prize?A. Lester PearsonB. Pierre TrudeauB. Brian MulroneyD. John Holms【答案】A【解析】莱斯特·皮尔森（Lester Pearson）曾任外交部长，在解决1956年苏伊士运河危机中起了重要作用。
为此，皮尔森获得了诺贝尔和平奖。
5. Which of the following statements about Pierre Trudeau is not true?A. He was perhaps Canada’s best-known world leader.B. He worked especially hard to give Canada a foreign policy distinctive from the US.C. Canada recognized China when he was the Prime Minister.D. He carried on his agenda of liberal internationalism when he moved fromforeign minister to prime minister.【答案】D【解析】莱斯特·皮尔森（Lester Pearson）由外交部长升为总理后，继续执行其自由国际主义的议程。
这不是皮尔·特鲁多（Pierre Trudeau）的事迹。
6. Which Canadian Prime Minister used to refer to the two world wars in which Canada was involved in terms of “the vortex of European militarism”.A. Lester PearsonB. Pierre TrudeauC. Wilfred LaurierD. John Holms【答案】C【解析】威尔福德·劳瑞尔（Wilfred Laurier）将两次世界大战称为欧洲军事漩涡。
7. The Free Trade Agreement came into effect on January 1, 1989, with a schedule of removing tariff protection on most items by _____.A. 1994B. 1996C. 1998D. 1999【答案】C【解析】加美自由贸易协定于1989年1月1日正式生效，规定从生效之日起到1998年逐步消除两国之间的关税壁垒。
Ⅱ. Fill in the blanks.1. In more recent years, partly through Canadian diplomatic efforts, things like _____ and the _____ have been put on the international agenda.【答案】women’s issues；environment【解析】近几年，通过加拿大的外交努力，妇女问题和环境问题登上了国际日程。
2. When Britain lost its status as a world power after World War Ⅱ, Canada becamea junior partner helping _____ global interests particularly during the cold war. 【答案】American【解析】二战后，英国失去了其世界大国的地位，加拿大成为帮助美国获得全球利益的“初级伙伴”，尤其在冷战期间。
3. Canada is a member of the powerful _____, the worl d’s richest economies. 【答案】Group of Eight【解析】加拿大是八国集团成员国之一。
4. Probably the most accurate way to think about Canada, is as a _____ like Australia and India.【答案】“middle power”【解析】或许用“中等国家”，同澳大利亚和印度一样，来描述加拿大是最确切的。
5. Canada has a global reputation as being an _____, which can be relied on to mediate disputes and ensure good relations among nations rather than to try to score political points and further its own power and influence.【答案】“honest broker”【解析】加拿大有“诚实中间人”的美誉，多次调解纷争确保国家之间的友好关系，而不是力图捞取政治资本、增加自己的权力和影响力。
6. Canadian policy-makers take a pragmatic approach to foreign policy, in general preferring to be a _____ rather than a _____ power.【答案】supplementary；leading【解析】加拿大政策制定者采取务实态度来制定外交政策，甘当配角，而不愿扮演世界领袖的角色。
7. Due to Canada’s military vulnerability, Canadian policy-makers have had a great interest in promoting _____ and _____ among nations, with Canada playing an active role in international organizations such as the _____, the _____ and La Francophonie.【答案】peace；cooperation；United Nations；Commonwealth【解析】由于军事上的弱点，加拿大决策者致力于宣扬和平和国家间的合作，加拿大在联合国、英联邦和法语国家联盟等国际组织中扮演着活跃的角色。
8. Canada makes strong contributions to UN _____ missions, works hard to resolve _____ between countries using diplomatic means, has a large _____ program, and is a major player in the world economy.【答案】peacekeeping；disputes；development aid【解析】加拿大在国际体系中寻求和平与安全的三种形式包括：积极执行联合国维和任务；在通过和平手段解决争端中起到了积极的外交作用；在国际发展援助投入了大量资金。
9. The _____ has been the cornerstone of Canada’s security policy. However, compared to its allies, Canada’s military spending is very low.【答案】North Atlantic Treaty Organization【解析】为确保防御，加拿大加入了北大西洋公约组织。
