上海市松江区2016届高三第一学期期末质量监控化学试题

上海市松江区2014届高三化学上学期期末质量监控（一模）考试试题（含解析）苏教版（满分150分，完卷时间120分钟） 2014.1说明：本卷分试题卷与答题卷两部分，请将正确答案写在答题纸上，写在试题卷上一律不给分。

本卷可能用到的相对原子质量H—1 C—12 N—14 O—16 S—32 Cl—35.5K—39 Fe—56 Cu—64 Ba—137第Ⅰ卷（共66分）一、选择题(本题共10分，每小题2分，每小题只有一个正确选项)1．建立系统完整的生态文明制度体系，用制度保护生态环境。

下列做法与此理念相违背的是A．加快石油资源的开采和使用B．《环境空气质量标准》中强制纳入PM2.5指标C．废旧电池应集中回收，不能填埋处理D．减少一次性餐具的使用，研发可降解高分子材料2．有关四氯化碳的化学用语正确的是A．结构简式：B．电子式：C．结构简式： CCl4D．比例模型：3．化学与生活关系密切，有关物质用途说法正确的是A．碳酸钡医疗上可用作“钡餐”B．甲醛溶液可以用来作食品防腐剂C．明矾可用于水的消毒、杀菌D．醋可用于除去热水瓶胆中的水垢4．将含等物质的量的氯化铵和碳酸氢钠混合溶液蒸干灼烧最终得到的固体是A．只有碳酸钠B．只有氯化钠C．一定是氯化钠和碳酸钠的混合物D．碳酸铵5．下列说法正确的是A．植物油和裂化汽油都能使溴水褪色B．煤油可由石油裂解获得，可用作燃料和保存少量金属钠C．淀粉、油脂、氨基酸都能水解，但水解产物不同D．对“地沟油”进行分馏可以制得汽油、煤油，达到变废为宝的目的【答案】A二、选择题(本题共36分，每小题3分，每小题只有一个正确选项)6．离子化合物A2B3是由短周期元素A和B形成，已知A3+离子比B2-离子少一个电子层，以下推断正确的是A．化合物A2B3是氧化铝B．A3+和B2-最外电子层上的电子数都是8C．A的最高价氧化物对应的水化物是强电解质D．元素B是第2周期第VIA族的元素7．某同学探究氨和铵盐的性质，相关实验操作及现象描述正确的是A．室温下测定等浓度氨水和NaOH溶液的pH，比较氨水和NaOH碱性强弱B．将氨水缓慢滴入AlCl3溶液中，研究Al(OH)3的两性C．将蘸有浓氨水和浓硫酸的玻璃棒靠近，观察到白烟D．加热除去NH4Cl中的少量NaHCO38．与右边图像有关的叙述，正确的是A．表示１mol H2 (g)完全燃烧生成水蒸气吸收241.8 kJ热量B．表示的热化学方程式为：H2(g)+ 1/2 O2(g) → H2O(g) +241.8 kJC．表示2 mol H2(g)所具有的能量一定比2 mol气态水所具有的能量多483.6 kJD．H2O(g)的能量低于H2(g)和O2(g)的能量之和【答案】B【解析】试题分析：A．该能量图可表示１mol H2 (g)完全燃烧生成水蒸气放出241.8 kJ热量，错误。

上海市浦东新区2016届高三上学期期末质量抽测化学试题一、选择题（本题共10分，每小题2分，只有一个正确选项）1．化学与生活密切相关，下列应用中利用了物质氧化性的是（）A．明矾净化水B．纯碱去油污C．食醋除水垢D．双氧水消毒2．若氧元素只有16O、18O两种同位素，下列说法错误的是（）A．16O和18O在自然界的含量保持不变B．16O和18O的质量数不同，质子数相同C．16O和18O可以通过化学反应相互转化D．16O和18O核外电子数相同，化学性质几乎相同3．能用启普发生器制取的气体是（）A．氢气 B．氨气 C．氧气 D．乙炔4．有关共价分子的说法正确的是（）A．都是极性分子B．都是共价化合物C．共价分子间的作用力都比化学键弱D．溶于水的共价分子都能产生自由移动的离子5．常温下非固态的物质是（）A．软脂酸（C15H31COOH）B．油酸（C17H33COOH）C．草酸（HOOC﹣COOH）D．氨基酸（H2N﹣CH2COOH）二、选择题（本题共36分，每小题3分，只有一个正确选项）6．化工生产中未使用催化剂的是（）A．联合制碱 B．合成氨气 C．乙烯水化 D．生产硫酸7．如图是部分短周期主族元素原子半径与原子序数的关系．下列说法错误的是（）A．X、R的最高化合价相同B．电解熔融的X与Z构成的化合物可以得到单质ZC．X、Y形成的化合物中阳离子与阴离子的个数比一定是2：1D．Y、Z、R对应的最高价氧化物的水化物相互之间可以发生反应8．Mg在CO2中燃烧生成MgO和C，下列说法正确的是（）A．碳只存在金刚石和石墨两种同素异形体B．Mg、MgO中微粒的半径：r（O2﹣）＞r（Mg2+）＞r（Mg）C．在该反应条件下，Mg的还原性强于C的还原性D．相同质量的镁在足量的CO2和O2中完全燃烧，固体质量增重相等9．关于晶体的说法正确的是（）A．若晶体熔融状态下能导电，该晶体一定是离子晶体B．若晶体熔化时化学键断裂，该晶体一定是原子晶体C．若晶体中含有非极性分子，该晶体可能有较低的熔沸点D．若晶体中含有极性共价键，该晶体不可能有很高的熔沸点10．已知2H2（g）+O2（g）→2H2O（g）+483.6kJ．下列说法正确的是（）A．1mol氢气完全燃烧生成液态水放出的热量小于241.8KJB．1mol水蒸气完全分解成氢气与氧气，需吸收241.8kJ热量C．2mol氢气与1mol氧气的总能量小于2mol 水蒸气的总能量D．2mol氢氢键和1mol氧氧键拆开所消耗的能量大于4mol氢氧键成键所放出的能量11．把少量过氧化钠投入下列溶液中，有白色沉淀生成的是（）A．1mol/L氢氧化钠B．饱和碳酸氢钠C．1mol/L硫酸亚铁D．饱和碳酸钠12．检验SO2气体中是否混有CO2的方法是（）A．先通过足量澄清石灰水，再通过足量品红溶液B．先通过足量饱和NaHCO3溶液，再通过澄清石灰水C．先通过足量NaOH溶液，再通过澄清石灰水D．先通过足量酸性KMnO4溶液，再通过澄清石灰水13．分枝酸结构简式如图，下列说法正确的是（）A．分子式为C10H8O6B．分子中含有2种官能团C．可与乙醇、乙酸反应，且反应类型相同D．1mol分枝酸最多可与3mol NaOH发生中和反应14．有关有机化学实验的说法正确的是（）A．实验室制备乙烯时，产生的气体使溴水褪色，能证明有乙烯生成B．除去溴苯中的溴，可用稀NaOH溶液反复洗涤，并用分液漏斗分液C．加热NaOH和少量溴乙烷的混合液后滴加硝酸银，可生成浅黄色沉淀D．制取硝基苯时，试管中先加入浓H2SO4，再逐滴滴入浓HNO3和苯，振荡混合均匀后，保持55℃水浴加热15．对于反应：2SO2（g）+O2（g）⇌2SO3（g）+Q（Q＞0），达到平衡后，改变一个条件，以下有关分析正确的是（）A．升高温度，正反应速率增大，化学平衡常数增大B．减小压强，逆反应速率减小，化学平衡常数减小C．加入催化剂，正逆反应速率不变，平衡不移动D．充入氧气，正反应速率先增大后减小，平衡向正反应方向移动16．观察如图装置，下列说法正确的是（）A．a、b接电流表，该装置为原电池B．a、b接直流电源，该装置为电解池C．a、b接直流电源，铁可能不易被腐蚀D．a、b接电流表或接直流电源，铁都可能是负极17．常温下、某无色溶液大量存在下列H+、Na+、Fe3+、Ba2+、OH﹣、NO3﹣、SO42﹣、CO32﹣离子中的三种，且离子的物质的量相等．向其中滴加酚酞试液不变红色，该溶液中一定不含（）A．NO3﹣B．SO42﹣C．Na+D．H+三、选择题（本题共20分，每小题4分，每小题有一个或两个正确选项．只有一个正确选项的，多选不给分，有两个正确选项的，选对一个给2分，选错一个，该小题不给分）18．工业冶炼钛的第一步反应为：TiO2（s）+2C（s）+2Cl2TiCl4（g）+2CO．下列关于该反应的说法正确的是（）A．TiCl4既是氧化产物又是还原产物B．氧化剂与还原剂的物质的量之比为1：1C．当转移电子数目为0.2N A时，气体体积增大1.12LD．当有26g固体参加反应时，转移电子数目为N A．19．某温度下，硫酸钡与水组成的混合物中，存在下列过程：BaSO4（s）⇌Ba2++SO42﹣，向其中加入少量硫酸钠固体，下列说法错误的是（）A．BaSO4的电离程度减小 B．BaSO4溶解的量减小C．c（Ba2+）与c（SO42﹣）的乘积增大D．溶液的导电能力增强20．按如图所示装置，在试管A里加入3mL乙醇和2mL冰醋酸，然后一边摇动，一边慢慢地加入2mL浓硫酸，再加入少量碎瓷片，用酒精灯加热10min，结果在饱和碳酸钠溶液的液面上没有无色油状液体，下列对其原因的分析错误的是（）A．试管A中没有发生反应B．热源小、水量多，水浴升温速度太慢C．产物蒸汽在试管A上部全部被冷凝回流D．产物已全部溶解在饱和Na2CO3溶液中21．室温下向10mL0.1mol/L NaOH溶液中加入0.1mol/L的一元酸HA，溶液pH的变化曲线如图所示．下列说法正确的是（）A．a点溶液中：c（Na+）＞c（A﹣）＞c（H+）＞c（HA）B．a、c两点溶液中水的电离程度相同C．b点溶液中：c（Na+）=c（A﹣）+c（HA）D．c点溶液中：c（A﹣）＞c（HA）22．现有氢气与氯气的混合气体0.1mol，经充分反应后，通入60mL 2mol/L的NaOH溶液中，所得溶液中只含有2种溶质，其中NaCl为0.1mol．则原混合气体中氢气的物质的量可能是（）A．0.03mol B．0.04mol C．0.05mol D．0.06mol四、（本题共12分）23．氮化硅（Si3N4）是一种重要的陶瓷材料，可用石英与焦炭在1400～1450℃的氮气气氛下合成：3SiO2（s）+6C（s）+2N2（g）高Si3N4（s）+6CO（g）﹣Q（Q＞0），在反应条件下，向10L密闭容器中加入反应物，10min后达到平衡．完成下列填空：（1）上述反应所涉及的元素，原子半径由大到小的顺序是．其中一种元素的原子核外s电子数与p电子数相等，写出它的最外层电子排布的轨道表示式．比较碳、硅两种元素的非金属性强弱，可以通过比较（填：化合物性质的差异）来判断．（2）上述反应混合物中的极性分子是，写出非极性分子的电子式．从晶体类型的角度分析用氮化硅制造发动机中耐热部件的原因是．（3）下列措施可以提高二氧化硅转化率的是（选填编号）．a．增加二氧化硅用量b．升高反应温度c．增大气体压强d．向反应容器中多充入氮气（4）下列描述中能说明反应已达平衡的是（选填编号）．a．c（CO）=3c（N2）b．v （CO）=3v（N2）c．保持不变d．气体的压强保持不变（5）测得平衡时固体质量减少了11.2g，则用氮气表示的平均反应速率为．五、（本题共12分）24．硫及其化合物在工业上有着广泛的应用．完成下列填空：（1）写出工业上以硫磺为原料生产硫酸的第一步反应方程式．（2）工业上用过硫酸钾（K2S2O8）测定钢铁中的锰含量，主要反应如下：Mn2++S2O82﹣+H2O→MnO4﹣+SO42﹣+H+配平该反应方程式，氧化产物是．（3）用电解硫酸氢钾的方法制取过硫酸钾：HSO4﹣在（填：“阳极”或“阴极”）反应生成S2O82﹣，另一极生成氢气，生成0.1mol的S2O82﹣同时可收集到g氢气．（4）已知硫酸的第二级电离并不完全：HSO4﹣H++SO42﹣（K i=1.2×10﹣2）；在0.1mol/L的硫酸氢钾溶液中大约有30%的HSO4﹣电离，则该溶液中离子浓度由大到小排列第2位的离子是，第4位的离子是．往该溶液中加入硫酸氢钾固体并保持温度不变，则溶液中（填：“增大”、“减小”或“不变”）（5）已知：HSO3﹣⇌H++SO32﹣K=1.02×10﹣7NH4++H2O⇌NH3•H2O+H+ K=5.65×10﹣10往亚硫酸氢铵中加入一定量的氢氧化钡溶液，可能发生的反应离子方程式是（选填编号）．a．HSO3﹣+Ba2++OH﹣→BaSO3↓+H2Ob．NH4++2HSO3﹣+2Ba2++3OH﹣→2BaSO3↓+2H2O+NH3•H2Oc．NH4++HSO3﹣+Ba2++2OH﹣→BaSO3↓+H2O+NH3•H2Od．2NH4++4HSO3﹣+3Ba2++6OH﹣→3BaSO3↓+4H2O+2NH3•H2O+SO32﹣．六、（本题共12分）25．氯化铝可制备无机高分子混凝剂，在有机合成中有广泛的用途．完成下列填空：（1）实验室配制氯化铝溶液时加入盐酸的目的是．（2）往AlCl3溶液中加入过量下列溶液，最终得到无色澄清溶液的是（选填编号）．a．Na2CO3b．NaOHc．NaAlO2d．H2SO4（3）用滴管向试管中滴加少量AlCl3溶液时，滴管不得伸入试管中的理由是用试管夹夹持上述试管在酒精灯上加热时，不断上下移动试管的目的是．取AlCl3溶液，用小火持续加热至水刚好蒸干，生成白色固体的组成可表示为：Al2（OH）n Cl（6﹣n），为确定n的值，取3.490g白色固体，全部溶解在0.1120mol 的HNO3（足量）中，并加水稀释成100mL，将溶液分成两等份，进行如下实验：（4）一份与足量氨水充分反应后过滤、洗涤、灼烧，最后得Al2O3的质量为1.020g．判断加入氨水已足量的操作是．过滤、洗涤后至少要灼烧次（填写数字）；测定样品中铝元素含量时不选择测定干燥Al（OH）3的质量，而是测定Al2O3的质量的原因可能是（选填编号）．a．干燥Al（OH）3固体时易失水b．Al2O3的质量比Al（OH）3大，误差小c．沉淀Al（OH）3时不完全d．灼烧氧化铝时不分解（5）从另一份溶液中取出20.00mL，用0.1290mol/L的标准NaOH溶液滴定过量的硝酸，滴定前滴定管读数为0.00mL，终点时滴定管液面（局部）如图所示（背景为白底蓝线的滴中n的值为．定管）．则滴定管的读数mL，Al2（OH）n Cl（6﹣n）七、（本题共12分）26．以干海带为原料提取碘单质和氯化钾的过程主要分三步：完成下列填空：（1）步骤一：灼烧干海带，使其灰化后用热水浸泡、过滤，制得原料液，含有氯化钾等物质．实验室灼烧海带应放在（填写仪器名称）中加热，选用热水而不是冷水浸泡海带灰的目的是．（2）步骤二：原料液经结晶过滤分离出氯化钾后，向滤液中通适量氯气氧化I﹣，制得富碘溶液．实验室模拟氧化过程的实验装置如图所示．装置中A部分用于制取氯气，实验室制取氯气通常有两种方案：一是在强酸性条件下用氧化剂氧化Cl﹣；二是电解法．限用图D中的仪器（支撑仪器、导管、导线、石墨棒和橡皮塞除外），能实现的反应是（选填编号）．a．2NaCl（s）+MnO2+2H2SO4（浓）MnSO4+Cl2↑+Na2SO4+2H2Ob．2KMnO4+16HCl（浓）→2MnCl2+2KCl+5Cl2↑+8H2Oc．2NaCl+2H2O2NaOH+Cl2↑+H2↑d．4HCl（浓）+MnO2MnCl2+Cl2↑+2H2O广口瓶B中发生反应的离子方程式是．装置C中NaOH的作用是．（3）步骤三：取100mL B中富碘溶液，按如下流程分离碘单质．萃取Ⅱ和酸化过程发生的反应分别是：3I2+6OH﹣→5I﹣+IO3﹣+3H2O；5I﹣+IO3﹣+6H+→3I2+3H2O；萃取剂X应选择（选填编号）．a．100mL苯b．10mL乙醇c．10mLCCl4d．10mL己烯实验室进行萃取操作的仪器是．操作Ⅰ的名称是．（4）分离出的KCl样品中常含有少量NaCl和K2CO3等物质，设计实验用沉淀法测定氯化钾样品中K2CO3的质量分数：①要用到的化学试剂是（填写化学式）；②要测定的物理量是．八、（本题共10分）27．异戊酸薄荷酯（）是一种治疗心脏病的药物，可由甲基丙烯、丙烯和为原料制取．完成下列填空：（1）制取异戊酸薄荷酯的最后一步为酯化反应，其反应物的结构简式为：．（2）的名称，其属于芳香族化合物的同分异构有种（不含）．（3）制取异戊酸薄荷酯的流程中，有一步反应为：+CH3﹣CH=CH2反应类型属于反应．有机反应中通常副反应较多，实际生产中发现生成的量远大于生成的量，试分析其原因：．（4）甲基丙烯是重要的化工原料，请设计一条由苯和甲基丙烯通过三步反应制取化工中间体的合成线路：（合成路线常用的表示方式为：A B…目标产物）．九、（本题共12分）28．聚酰胺66是含有肽键的高分子化合物，常用于生产帐篷、渔网等．可用以下方法合成：已知：A与E互为同分异构体，完成下列填空：（1）A→B的反应类型，A中含氧官能团的名称．（2）B的结构简式，D可能的结构简式．（3）F与氢氧化钠的乙醇溶液共热得到烃I，I的名称．比I多一个碳原子的同系物，与等物质的量溴反应生成二溴代物的结构简式正确的是．a．b．c．d．（4）G和H反应生成聚酰胺66的化学方程式：．（5）同时满足下列条件的G的同分异构体的结构简式为．①含一种官能团②能发生银镜反应③含甲基且有三种化学环境不同的氢原子．十、（本题共14分）29．硝酸是重要的化工原料，工业上用氨催化氧化法生产硝酸，反应如下：①氧化炉：4NH3+5O2→4NO+6H2O②吸收塔：4NO+3O2+2H2O→4HNO3设空气中氧气的体积分数为0.20，氮气体积分数为0.80．完成下列计算：（1）1mol NH3完全转化为NO至少需要空气mol．工业上先将氨气和空气混合好，在氧化炉反应后直接通入吸收塔中用冷水吸收，为了确保吸收效果，第②步反应要求氧气至少过量20%，计算起始时空气与氨气的体积比至少为（2）硝酸工业产生的氮氧化物尾气（NO和NO2），可用烧碱吸收，反应如下：①NO+NO2+2NaOH→2NaNO2+H2O②2NO2+2NaOH→NaNO3+NaNO2+H2O现有含0.5mol氮氧化物的尾气，用8mol/L的NaOH溶液完全吸收，吸收后的溶液中c（OH ﹣）：c（NO2﹣）：c（NO3﹣）=5：4：1．所用NaOH溶液的体积为mL．若将尾气中NO与NO2的平均组成记为NO x，则x=．（3）工业上用硝酸与氨气反应制取硝酸铵：HNO3+NH3→NH4NO3，反应时NH3的吸收率为97%，硝酸的利用率为98%．在用氨气制取硝酸时，氨气的利用率为90%．计算生产80吨的硝酸铵共需氨气多少吨？（保留1位小数）上海市浦东新区2016届高三上学期期末质量抽测化学试题参考答案与试题解析一、选择题（本题共10分，每小题2分，只有一个正确选项）1．化学与生活密切相关，下列应用中利用了物质氧化性的是（）A．明矾净化水B．纯碱去油污C．食醋除水垢D．双氧水消毒【考点】氧化还原反应．【专题】氧化还原反应专题．【分析】利用了物质氧化性，则发生氧化还原反应，且物质中元素的化合价降低，以此来解答．【解答】解：A．明矾净化水与铝离子水解有关，没有元素的化合价变化，为非氧化还原反应，故A不选；B．纯碱去油污与水解有关，没有元素的化合价变化，为非氧化还原反应，故B不选；C．食醋除水垢，发生复分解反应，没有元素的化合价变化，为非氧化还原反应，故C不选；D．双氧水消毒，O元素的化合价降低，利用过氧化氢的氧化性，故D选；故选D．【点评】本题考查氧化还原反应，为高频考点，把握发生的反应、反应中元素的化合价变化是解答本题的关键，侧重分析与应用能力的考查，题目难度不大．2．若氧元素只有16O、18O两种同位素，下列说法错误的是（）A．16O和18O在自然界的含量保持不变B．16O和18O的质量数不同，质子数相同C．16O和18O可以通过化学反应相互转化D．16O和18O核外电子数相同，化学性质几乎相同【考点】核素．【专题】原子组成与结构专题．【分析】A．同位素在自然界中的含量不变；B．16O和18O的质量数分别为16、18；C．16O和18O的转化是核反应；D．同位素化学性质相同．【解答】解：A．一种元素的同位素在自然界中的含量不变，故A正确；B．16O和18O的质量数分别为16、18，质子数为8，故B正确；C．16O和18O的转化是核反应，不是化学变化，故C错误；D．同位素最外层电子数相同，化学性质相同，故D正确．故选C．【点评】本题考查了同位素、同素异形体和质量数的概念，难度不大，把握住概念的实质是关键．3．能用启普发生器制取的气体是（）A．氢气 B．氨气 C．氧气 D．乙炔【考点】气体发生装置．【专题】化学实验基本操作．【分析】启普发生器适用于固液混合状态其不需加热而制取的气体，且固体必须是块状的，据此分析．【解答】解：A、实验室制取氢气是用锌粒和盐酸反应制取，锌粒是块状的，且此反应不需加热，符合启普发生器的要求，故A正确；B、实验室制取氨气是用固体氯化铵和固体氢氧化钙加热制取，不能用启普发生器，故B错误；C、实验室制取氧气可以用高锰酸钾固体受热分解、氯酸钾受热分解或双氧水用二氧化锰做催化剂分解来制取，但无论是哪种方法均不能用启普发生器，故C错误；D、乙炔的制取是用碳化钙和饱和食盐水反应制取，但由于碳化钙接触水后立即变为糊状，不再是块状固体，故不能用启普发生器，故D错误．故选A．【点评】本题考查了实验发生装置，明确启普发生器对反应物和反应条件的要求是解本题关键，难度不大．4．有关共价分子的说法正确的是（）A．都是极性分子B．都是共价化合物C．共价分子间的作用力都比化学键弱D．溶于水的共价分子都能产生自由移动的离子【考点】共价键的形成及共价键的主要类型．【专题】化学键与晶体结构．【分析】A．共价分子可能是非极性分子；B．单质中也可能含有共价键；C．分子间作用力比化学键弱；D．非电解质在水中不能电离．【解答】解；A．共价分子可能是非极性分子，如C2H2属于共价分子，是非极性分子，故A错误；B．单质中也可能含有共价键，如氧气中含有共价键，属于单质，故B错误；C．分子间作用力是分子之间存在的较弱的相互作用，化学键是原子之间存在的强烈的相互作用，所以共价分子间的作用力都比化学键弱，故C正确；D．非电解质在水中不能电离，如乙醇是共价分子，时非电解质，在水中不能电离出自由移动的离子，故D错误．故选C．【点评】本题考查了共价分子、化学键、分子间作用力等，题目难度不大，侧重于基础知识的考查，注意分子间作用力与化学键的区别．5．常温下非固态的物质是（）A．软脂酸（C15H31COOH）B．油酸（C17H33COOH）C．草酸（HOOC﹣COOH）D．氨基酸（H2N﹣CH2COOH）【考点】羧酸简介；不同晶体的结构微粒及微粒间作用力的区别；油脂的性质、组成与结构．【专题】有机化学基础．【分析】A、常温下软脂酸呈固态；B、油酸的熔点是13.4℃；C、草酸的熔点在101℃左右；D、甘氨酸的熔点在245℃．【解答】解：A、常温下软脂酸呈固态，故A错误；B、油酸的熔点是13.4℃，在常温下不是固体，故B正确；C、草酸的熔点在101℃左右，在常温下为固体，故C错误；D、甘氨酸的熔点在245℃，在常温下是固体，故D错误；故选B．【点评】本题考查了常见有机物的物理状态，难度不大，属于基础性知识的考查．二、选择题（本题共36分，每小题3分，只有一个正确选项）6．化工生产中未使用催化剂的是（）A．联合制碱 B．合成氨气 C．乙烯水化 D．生产硫酸【考点】催化剂的作用．【专题】化学应用．【分析】催化剂有正催化剂和负催化剂两种，其中正催化剂能加快反应速率，负催化剂降低反应速率，在化学反应中，催化剂只能改变反应速率，但不影响平衡移动，反应前后，催化剂的质量和性质都不发生改变．【解答】解：A、侯氏制碱法又称联合制碱法，原料是食盐、氨和二氧化碳﹣合成氨厂用水煤气制取氨气时的废气，利用了酸碱中和的性质，不用催化剂，故A正确；B、合成氨指由氮和氢在高温高压和催化剂存在下直接合成的氨，为一种基本无机化工流程，故B错误；C、乙烯水化在工业上采用负载于硅藻土上的磷酸催化剂，故C错误；D、生产硫酸时，二氧化硫接触氧化为三氧化硫，需要使用催化剂，故D错误．故选：A．【点评】催化剂在化学反应中质量和化学性质不变，还应注意催化剂本身的特点，其具有专一性，高效性，选择性等特点．7．如图是部分短周期主族元素原子半径与原子序数的关系．下列说法错误的是（）A．X、R的最高化合价相同B．电解熔融的X与Z构成的化合物可以得到单质ZC．X、Y形成的化合物中阳离子与阴离子的个数比一定是2：1D．Y、Z、R对应的最高价氧化物的水化物相互之间可以发生反应【考点】位置结构性质的相互关系应用．【专题】元素周期律与元素周期表专题．【分析】同周期自左而右原子半径减小，同主族自上而下原子半径增大，故前7种元素处于第二周期，后7种元素处于第三周期，由原子序数可知，X为O元素，Y为Na元素，Z为Al元素，R为S元素．A．氧元素没有最高正化合价．B．电解熔融氧化铝冶炼铝；C．X、Y形成的化合物为Na2O、Na2O2；D．Y、Z、R对应的最高价氧化物的水化物分别为：NaOH、Al（OH）3、H2SO4，氢氧化钠与硫酸发生中和反应，氢氧化铝属于两性氢氧化物，能与强酸、强碱反应．【解答】解：同周期自左而右原子半径减小，同主族自上而下原子半径增大，故前7种元素处于第二周期，后7种元素处于第三周期，由原子序数可知，X为O元素，Y为Na元素，Z为Al元素，R为S元素．A．X为O元素，O元素没有+6价，R为S元素，最高价为+6价，故A错误；B．电解熔融氧化铝冶炼铝，故B正确；C．X、Y形成的化合物为Na2O、Na2O2，化合物中阳离子与阴离子的个数比均是2：1，故C正确；D．Y、Z、R对应的最高价氧化物的水化物分别为：NaOH、Al（OH）3、H2SO4，氢氧化钠与硫酸发生中和反应，氢氧化铝属于两性氢氧化物，能与氢氧化钠、硫酸反应，故D正确，故选：A．【点评】本题考查位置结构性质的关系及应用，题目难度中等，推断元素是解题的关键，根据原子半径变化规律结合原子序数进行推断，首先审题中要抓住“短周期主族元素”几个字．8．Mg在CO2中燃烧生成MgO和C，下列说法正确的是（）A．碳只存在金刚石和石墨两种同素异形体B．Mg、MgO中微粒的半径：r（O2﹣）＞r（Mg2+）＞r（Mg）C．在该反应条件下，Mg的还原性强于C的还原性D．相同质量的镁在足量的CO2和O2中完全燃烧，固体质量增重相等【考点】镁的化学性质．【专题】几种重要的金属及其化合物．【分析】A．碳有金刚石、石墨、足球烯等多种同素异形体；B．电子层越多半径越多，电子层相同的，质子数越多，半径越小；C．同一氧化还原反应中，还原剂的还原性大于还原产物的还原性；D．镁与氧气反应生成氧化镁，镁与二氧化碳反应生成氧化镁和碳．【解答】解：A．碳有金刚石、石墨、足球烯等多种同素异形体，故A错误；B．Mg、MgO中微粒的半径：r（Mg）＞r（O2﹣）＞r（Mg2+），故B错误；C．同一氧化还原反应中，还原剂的还原性大于还原产物的还原性，该反应中Mg是还原剂、C是还原产物，所以Mg的还原性大于C，故C正确；D．相同质量的镁在足量的CO2和O2中完全燃烧，在二氧化碳中燃烧时固体质量增重的多与在氧气中燃烧增重，故D错误；故选：C．【点评】本题考查了元素化合物知识，熟悉碳的同素异形体、镁的性质是解题关键，注意微粒半径大小比较的一般规律，题目难度不大．9．关于晶体的说法正确的是（）A．若晶体熔融状态下能导电，该晶体一定是离子晶体B．若晶体熔化时化学键断裂，该晶体一定是原子晶体C．若晶体中含有非极性分子，该晶体可能有较低的熔沸点D．若晶体中含有极性共价键，该晶体不可能有很高的熔沸点【考点】不同晶体的结构微粒及微粒间作用力的区别．【专题】化学键与晶体结构．【分析】A、熔融状态下能导电的化合物是离子晶体，熔融状态下能导电的单质是金属；B、熔化时不需要破坏化学键的是分子晶体，原子晶体、离子晶体、金属晶体熔化时需要破坏化学键；C、若晶体中含有非极性分子，则该晶体为分子晶体；D、一般不同非金属元素之间易形成极性键，已知某晶体中含有极性键，则该晶体为化合物，可能是离子化合物、共价化合物．【解答】解：A、熔融状态下能导电的化合物晶体中含有阴阳离子，若是单质，则为金属晶体，故A错误；B、原子晶体、离子晶体、金属晶体熔化时需要破坏化学键，化学键断裂的晶体不一定是原子晶体，故B错误；C、若晶体中含有非极性分子，则晶体为分子组成的晶体，为分子晶体，分子晶体熔沸点较低，故C正确；D、含有极性键的晶体可能是原子晶体，如二氧化硅中含有Si﹣O极性键，其熔沸点很高，故D错误．故选：C．【点评】本题考查离子晶体的判断，侧重考查学生分析判断能力，共价化合物和离子化合物可以通过熔融状态是否导电判断，注意不能根据溶解性、熔沸点及水溶液的导电性判断离子晶体，为易错点．10．已知2H2（g）+O2（g）→2H2O（g）+483.6kJ．下列说法正确的是（）A．1mol氢气完全燃烧生成液态水放出的热量小于241.8KJB．1mol水蒸气完全分解成氢气与氧气，需吸收241.8kJ热量C．2mol氢气与1mol氧气的总能量小于2mol 水蒸气的总能量D．2mol氢氢键和1mol氧氧键拆开所消耗的能量大于4mol氢氧键成键所放出的能量【考点】反应热和焓变．。

2016届高三上学期期末考试化学试题
注意事项：
1.本试卷分第I卷(选择题)和第II卷(非选择题)两部分。

第I卷1~4页，第II卷5~8页，请将第II卷答案答在答题卡上。

共100分，考试时间90分钟。

2.答题前考生务必将自己的准一证号用2B铅笔涂写在答题卡上，并将姓名、班级、座号填在相应的位置，第I 卷每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案涂黑。

3.考试结束后，监考人将答题卡收回。

可能用到的相对原子质量：H:1C:12N:14O:16Na：
23Fe:56Cr：52
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高三化学 第1页 共8页松江区2006-2007学年度第一学期期末质量监控高三化学试卷本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分，共150分，考试时间120分钟． 相对原子质量：H －1；C －12；N －14；O －16；Na －23；Al －27 ；Ca －40； Fe －56第I 卷 (共66分)一、选择题（本题10分），每小题2分，只有一个正确选项．1．环境污染已成为人类社会面临的重大威胁，各种污染数不胜数。

下列名词与环境污染无关的是……………………………………………………………………………（ ） A ．温室效应B ．赤潮C ． 臭氧空洞D ．潮汐2．下列有关物质分类或归类正确的是………………………………………………（ ） A ．混合物：石炭酸、福尔马林、水玻璃、水银 B ．化合物：CaCl 2、烧碱、聚苯乙烯、HDC ．同系物：CH 2O 2、C 2H 4O 2、C 3H 6O 2、C 4H 8O 2D ．同素异形体：C 60、C 70、金刚石、石墨3．下列各项中表达正确的是…………………………………………………………（ ）A ．F —的结构示意图： B ．C O 2的分子模型示意图：C ．NaCl 的电子式：D ．N 2的结构式： :N ≡N:4．右图是同学们经常使用的某品牌修正液包装标签。

小明仔细阅读后，结合自己的生活经验和所学知识得出了该 修正液的某些性质，小明的推测中不合理的是（ ） A ．修正液是一种胶体，均一、透明 B ．修正液中含有的化学物质有毒 C ．修正液的成分对纸张不具有腐蚀性 D ．修正液的溶剂易挥发、易燃5．“84”消毒液在日常生活中广泛使用。

该消毒液为无色且pH 大于7，对某些有色物质具有漂白作用。

你认为它可能的有效成分是……………………………………（ ） A ．SO 2B ．KMnO 4C ．NaClOD ．Na 2CO 3Na Cl高三化学 第2页 共8页二、选择题（本题36分），每小题3分，只有一个正确选项．6．设N A 表示阿伏加德罗常数，下列叙述中正确的是………………………… （ ） A ．标准状况下，22.4LSO 3中含有的氧原子数约为3 N A B ．1molNa 2O 2与足量CO 2反应转移的电子数N AC ．在2升2mol/L 的(NH 4)2SO 4溶液中所含的NH 4+的数目是8N AD ．常温常压下，2molCaC 2晶体中含有的阴离子数为 4N A7．拟晶是一种具有凸多面体规则外形但不同于晶体的固态物质。

松江区第一学期期末质量监控试卷高三化学（满分100分，完卷时间60分钟）说明：本卷分试卷与答题纸两部分，请将答案写在答题纸上，写在试卷上一律不给分。

可能用到的原子量：H-1 N-14 Cl-35.5一、选择题（本题共40分。

20小题，每小题2分，每题只有一个正确选项）1．下列有关氮原子的化学用语错误的是A．B． C.1s22s22p3 D.2．不能由单质直接化合制取的是A．FeS B．FeCl2 C．Fe3O4 D．AlCl33．磷的最高价含氧酸的化学式不可能是A．HPO2B．HPO3C．H3PO4D．H4P2O74．下列变化不能得到乙醇的是A．乙烯水化B．乙醛氧化C．溴乙烷水解D．粮食发酵5．下列食品添加剂使用目的与反应速率有关的是A．防腐剂B．调味剂C．着色剂D．增稠剂6．经催化加氢后可以生成2-甲基戊烷的是A．CH2=CHCH(CH3)CH2CH3 B．CH≡CCH(CH3)CH2CH3C．CH3C(CH3)=CHCH2CH3 D．CH3CH=C(CH3)CH2CH37．下列物质在空气中变质与二氧化碳无关的是A．漂粉精B．生石灰C．过氧化钠D．亚硫酸钠8．可逆反应达到平衡时，下列物理量发生变化，平衡一定发生移动的是A．反应物的浓度B．反应物的转化率C．正、逆反应速率D．体系的压强9．下列有关物质性质的比较，正确的是A．熔点：Br2>I2B．水中溶解性：C2H5Br>C2H5OHC．密度：氨水>水D．碳碳键键长：苯>乙炔10．异丙苯的结构如图（），下列说法错误的是A．分子式为C9H12 B．是苯的同系物C．不能使酸性高锰酸钾溶液褪色D．一氯代物有5种11．下列有关电化学分析正确的是实验分析A Cu﹣n原电池Cu为正极，发生还原反应B 电解CuCl2溶液阳极析出铜C 钢铁腐蚀主要是析氢腐蚀D 将钢闸门与外加电负极相连牺牲阳极阴极保护法12．反应2H2O2(l) 2H2O(l)+O2(g)能量变化如图所示，下列说法错误的是A．该反应放热B．途径Ⅱ加入了催化剂C．1 molH2O2(l)的能量高于1 molH2O(l)的能量D．途径Ⅰ放出的热量多13．部分短周期元素原子最外层电子数与原子序数的关系如图。

松江区2016学年度第一学期质量监控试卷高三英语（满分140分，考试时间120分钟)2016.11I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, You will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will he spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. At a tram station B. At an airport.C. At a gas stationD. At a bus station2，A .$4 B.$10C. $.14.D. $403. A. Receptionist and guest B. Teacher and student.C. Doctor and patient.D. Waiter and diner4. A. She has got everything ready. B. She never hesitates over what to take.C. She hates packing by herself.D. She needs more time for packing.5. A. They should wait for John for a while. B. They should stay here for the night.C. They should start the meeting right away.D. They should call John at once.6. Reasonable. B. Bright.C. Serious.D. Ridiculous.7. A. She isn't the mood to travel. B. France is too far for family holiday.C. Family holiday no longer interests her.D. She has had too many holidays this year.8. A. Send leaflets B. Go sightseeing.C. Do some gardening.D. Visit a lawyer.9. A. The man is too forgetful. B. The man shouldn't get annoyed.C. The man has too many keys.D. The man should attend more lessons.10. A. He wants to live in apartments. B. He thinks his signature is unnecessary.C. He has already signed a contractD. He doesn't always say what he means. Section BDirections: 1n Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 1l through 13 are Eased on the following passage.11. A. Use the company's equipment B. Give orders to robots.C. Make decisions for the company.D. Act as Big Brother.12. A. Employees gain full freedom. B. Employees suspect one another.C. Employees' children arc happy.D. Employees enjoy working there.13. A .Reward. B. Safety. C. Trust. D. Honesty.Questions 14 through 16are based on the following passage.14. A. Education children. B. Saving rare animals.C. Recreating an environment.D. Making a profit.15. A . Animals make visitors stressful. B. Animals must live their lives in cages.C. Animals can feel bored and sad.D. Animals are in danger of extinction16.A .They are still useful and necessary.B. They have more disadvantages than advantages.C. They are a perfect environment for animals.D. They are recreational places for animals.Section CDirections: In Section C, you will hear a conversation甲The conversation will be read twice. After you hear a conversation and the questions about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. It comes from the heart. B. It's something you have to think about.C. It never gets boring.D. It's not a feeling or an emotion.18. A. She had Tong black hair. B. She wore black leatherC. She never wore pants.D. She wore blue jeans.19. A. Up Your Alley. B. The Blackhearts.C. Gary GlitterD. Sly and the Family Stone20. A. She didn't actually have much influence. B. People still don't understand her.C. She still wants to perform.D. She is a star on the stage.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Maddie and her mother, Stephanie, thought the screams for help were just Boy Scouts(童子军) messing around. But then they saw the scene: the boy scouts surrounding a hiker who (21)_________(take) a scary six-meter drop in an area near the Hoover Dam, a fall that left his right arm with a bone (22) _________ (stick) out. The mother and the daughter (23)_____(suppose) to be having a fun-filled weekend to celebrate Maddie's 17th birthday. But the trip turned into an emergency life-saving adventure. Maddie and her mother were nearly a kilometer into their 18-kilometer river trip in Black Canyon when they pulled onto some sand. The boy scouts, (24)_________had called 911, had tied a loose bandage around the hiker's broken arm to stop the bleeding.Maddie knew another bandage was needed and thought of her lifeguard training. She asked (25)______anyone had a pen or a stick, and someone picked up a branch. She turned the bandage, careful not to hit the bone (26)___________ it stopped most of the bleeding.The girl grew up doing junior guards and had recently taken a f rst-aid class as part of her training (27)____________(become) a1ifeguard with California State Parks at Crystal Cove. "I'm happy these trainings are so useful", she said. (28) _______them , this guy probably would have died. This is something I will never forget. I've been considering my college and future career choices and now really feels like that the emergency medical field is (29)___________I wouldenjoy."It's not the first time Maddie has quickly jumped into action when (30) _________(need). In 2015 when she was just 15 during the Surf City Marathon, she was near a man who dropped at mile 26. She pulled him out of the road and treated him for shock until paramedics(医务人员)arrived. Section BDirections:Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there’s one word more than you need.A. statusesB. relevantlyC. reservesD. highlightingE. populationF. estimatedG. downgradedH. drivingI. criticallyJ. enforcedK. reverse Good news for giant panda lovers: the cute and cuddly creature has just been brought back from the edge of extinction.The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN)______31____the species from "endangered" to “vulnerable" as the union released its updated Red List on Sept.4 at Hawaii with their_______32_____ growing by 17 percent in the decade leading up to 2014.Chinese conservation efforts, including forest protection and reforestation, are considered to be the ____33_______force behind the animal's re-prosperity. The number of panda_____34____ in China has also jumped to 67, from l3 in 1992. Nearly two-thirds of all wild pandas live there. Restoring the panda's habitat has given them back their space with food available to them.Apart from giant pandas, the Tibetan Antelope has also moved from "endangered" to "near threatened". According to a statement from IUCN, the animal's numbers have shrunk severely- dropping from around I million to a(n)___35____ 65,00-72,500 in the 1980s and early 1990s---due to commercial poaching(偷猎). Rigorous protection has since been___36___to protect the beasts and the population is now likely to be between 100,000 and 150,000.Despite the improved ___37______ wi1d animals like the giant panda and the Tibetan Antelope still face great challenges. The IUCN warned, for example, that ongoing threats from climate change could eliminate more than 35 percent of the panda's bamboo habitat in the next 80 years, which would____38______the species recent gains.Good progress has been made but there is still work to do. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species is devoted to_____39____ species from around the world and their statuses in relation to their risk of extinction. The list currently has eight categories, including extinct, extinct in the wild, _____10____ endangered, endangered, vulnerable, near threatened, least concern and data deficient. These categories are based on criteria relating to population trends, size and structure, and geographic range.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.How to help your kids find a purpose? You don't have to start with the really big questions. "Quick, what's the meaning of life?" Many of us may not be able to answer that, but that doesn't______our kids don't have questions or need answers."The sense that your personal life is ______to you is a basis of psychological well-being," says Michael F. Steger, director of the laboratory for Meaning and Quality of Life at Colorado State University. Not only that, it is tightly tied to being happier, more positive, more________, more caring, more helpful, more resilient(坚韧)，and more satisfied in your life,relationships, and work.But helping your kids find meaning doesn't mean parents have to________ all life's ancient mysteries, Steger says. The________ is to understand the difference between the meaning of life and the meaning in life."We do not have to start with the biggest and most troubling questions about our lives," Steger says. "We can start with trying to______ how, today, right now, we are going to do one thing that makes the story of our lives more positive, or makes a positive difference to someone else."With kids in_______ school, Steger says, "At the most basic level, our best hopes for our children are that they feel their lives matter and that they_______." To start conversations along those lines, says Steger, ``You can ask questions about what they think their best _______or strengths are, whether they have good relationships with other people, whether they care about others. You can ask them about times when they have made a difference, made someone feel better, felt ______ for doing something, or helped someone out. All of these kinds of questions can start a conversation about your kid's_____ way of being in and contributing to the world."In middle school, says Steger, "Kids are being exposed to ideas, behaviors, assumptions. And priorities that might be______ different from the ones they have always assumed were true.'' So for kids this age, parents can start conversations focusing on how your children's sense of who they are, how they related to others and what life is has been_________.By high school, according to Steger, "We hope our children see how much their lives matter, see that they are at the beginning of an exciting and strengthening life story, and have some slight ideas about ________.”But the question of what you want to do with your life is too big for a single conversation, says Steger. Instead, he encourages parents to have }55-. smaller conversations with their kids about how they view themselves and their lives, and what kind of impact they would like to make.41. A. intend B. mean C. remain D. hope42. A .significant B. decisive C. meaningful D. useful43. A. confident B. cautious C. intelligence D. special44. A. discover B. present C. memorize D. solve45. A. trick B. occupation C. address D. promise46. A .look for B. pick up C. deal with D. figure out47. A. junior B. advanced C. elementary D. senior48. A. .make a difference B. spare no effort C. take the initiative D. make a living49. a. specialties B. qualities C. features D. performances50. A. appreciated B. prepared C. understood D. well-known51. a. apparent B. smart C. unique D. appropriate52. A. generally B. eventually C. impossibly D. completely53. A. improving B. strengthening C. appearing D. changing54. A. truth B. purpose C. positivity D. contribution55. A. permanent B. long-lasting C. frequent D. occasionalSection BRead the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statement. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fitsbest according to the information given in the passage you have read.(A)Researchers have developed a method to activate electronic implants in the body and eliminate bacterial infections using a wireless signal. When triggered by remote technology, the device delivers heat to infected tissue. And it could lead to technologies that enable drugs and treatment to be delivered to patients at the press of a button.The technology was developed by researchers at Tufts University in Massachusetts and the University of Illinois. Mice were given electronic implants that, when a signal was sent to treat tissue that was infected with staphylococcus, which can cause life-threatening infections of the blood. Tissues collected from the mice 24 hours after treatment showed no sign of the infection, while the device dissolved in 15 days, proving it can not only treat infections but also be disposed of easily.The research, which also eliminated E. coli bacteria, was published in the Proceed of the National Academy of Sciences. Each device, made of silk and magnesium(镁元素), harmlessly dissolved in the animals after the tests. The heating device in the implants has a resistor and power-receiving coil made of magnesium, and the magnesium is wrapped in “packet” of silk, keeping it safe and controlling its dissolution time. The ability of the device to dissolve is important, as it means such implants would not need to be “removed”. Implantable medical devices normally use non-degradable materials that have limited operational lifetimes and must eventually be removed or replaced. But these new wireless therapy devices can handle the surgical process, and can then dissolve in minutes or weeks, depending on the time needed.This is an important demonstration step forward for the development of on-demand medical devices that can he turned on remotely to perform a therapeutic function in a patient and then safely disappear after their use, requiring no retrieval," said senior author Fiorenzo Omenentto, professor of biomedical engineering at Tufts School of Engineering. "These wireless strategies could help manage post-surgical infection, for example, or pave the way for eventual Wi-Fi drug delivery."56. What is special function about the new discovery?A. It can favorably he used while-treatment stage of a disease.B. The device has offered drugs at the press of a button.C. Implantable devices often use materials that have limited operational lifetimes.D. The implant can be controlled to treat infection and will dissolve later in the body.57. Staphylococus is most probably_____________·A. a virus which can cost a person his lifeB. a therapy which can make a person's life longerC. a device which can cure a person's diseaseD. a process which can lead to the infection of a virus58. We can infer from the passage that_________________A. Wi-Fi promises a new- way of treatmentB. research brings about new discoveriesC. technology offers new opportunitiesD. medicine requires persistent efforts(B)Prices determine how resources are to be used. They are also the means by which productsand services that are in limited supply are shared among buyers. The price system of the United States is a very complex network composed of the prices of all the products bought and sold in the economy as well as those of a myriad(无数)of services, including labor, professional transportation, and public-utility services. The interrelationship of all those prices makes up the "system" of prices. The price of any particular product or service is linked to a broad, complicated system of prices in which everything seems to depend more or less upon everything else.If one were to ask a group of arbitrarily individuals to define "price", many would reply that price is an amount of money paid by the buyer to the seller of a product or service or, in other words, that price is the money value of a product or service as agreed upon in a market transaction(交易). 'This definition is, of course, valid as far as it goes. For a complete understanding of a price in any particular transaction, much more than the amount of money involved must be known. Both the buyer and the seller should be familiar with not only the money amount but the amount and quality of the product or service to be exchanged, the time and place at which the exchange will take place and payment will be made, the form of money to be used, and the credit terms and discounts that supply to the transaction, guarantees on the product or service, delivery terms, return privileges, and other factors. In other words, both buyer and seller should be fully aware of all the factors that make up of the total "package" being exchanged for the asked for amount of money in order that they may evaluate a given price.S9. According to the passage, the price system is related primarily to___________________.A. labor and educationB. transportation and insuranceC. utilities and repairsD. products and services60. All the following are the factor in the complete understanding of price except_____________.A. instructions that come with a productB. the quantity of a productC. the quality of a productD. guarantees that cover a product61 .In the last line of the passage, the word "they” refers to __________________A. return privilegesB. guarantees on the product or serviceC. buyer and sellerD. delivery and credit terms62. The paragraph following this passage will most likely discuss________________________.A. unusual ways to evaluate prices of productsB. types of payment plans for product and serviceC. theories about how products affect different levels of societyD. now certain elements of price "package" influence its market value(C)There will eventually come a day when The New York Times ceases to publish stories on newsprint. Exactly when that day will be is a matter o f debate. “Sometime in the future,” the paper’s publisher said back in 2010.Nostalgia for ink on paper and the rustle of pages aside, there’s plenty of incentive to ditch print. The infrastructure required to make a physical newspaper-printing presses, delivery trucks —isn’t just expensive; it’s excessive at a time when online-only competitors don’t have the same set of financial constraints. Readers are migrating away from print anyway. And though print and sales still dwarf their online and mobile counterparts, revenue from print is still declining.Overhead may be high and circulation lower, but risking to eliminate its print edition would be a mistake, says BuzzFeed CEO Jonah Pere.Peretti says the Times shouldn’t waste time getting out of the print bu siness, but only if they go about doing it the right way. “Figuring out a way to accelerate that transition would make sense for them,” he said, “but if you discontinue it, you’re going to have your most loyal customers really upset with you.”Sometimes th at’s worth making a change anyway. Peretti gives the example of Netflix discontinuing its DVD-mailing service to focus on streaming. “It was seen as a blunder,” he said. The move turned out to be foresighted. And if Peretti were in charge at the Times? “I wouldn’t pick a year to end print,” he said. “I would raise prices and make it into more of a legacy product.”The most loyal customers would still get the product they favor, the idea goes, and they’d feel like they were helping sustain the quality of som ething they believe in. “So if you are overpaying for print, you could feel like you were helping,” Peretti said, “Then increase it at a higher rate each year and essentially try to generate additional revenue.” In other words, if you’re going to make a print product, make it for the people who are already obsessed with it, which may be what the Times is doing already. Getting the print edition seven days a week costs nearly $500 a year —more than twice as much as a digital-only subscription.“It’s a really hard thing to do and it’s a tremendous luxury that BuzzFeed doesn’t have a legacy business,” Peretti remarked. “But we’re going to have questions like that where we have things we’re doing that don’t make sense when the market changes and the world chang es. In those situations, it’s better to be more aggressive than less aggressive.”63. The New York Times is considering ending it’s print edition partly due toA. the high cost of operationB. the pressure form its investorsC. the complaints from its readersD. the increasing online and sales.64.Peretti suggests that in face of the present situation, the Times shouldA. seek new sources of readershipB. end the print edition for goodC. aim for efficient managementD. make strategic adjustments65. Peretti believes that in a changing world,A. legacy businesses are becoming outdated.B. cautiousness facilitates problem-solving.C. traditional luxuries can stay unaffected.D. aggressiveness better meets challenges.66. Which of the following would be the best title of the textA. Shift to Online Newspapers All at OnceB. Cherish the Newspaper Still in Your HandC. Make Your Print Newspaper a Luxury GoodD. Keep Your Newspaper Forever in FashionSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can e used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A. Parental involvement makes up for what schools are not able to do.B. They have a wide range of activities after school.C. Talking with children is a very simple task.D. A number of recent studies remind us that parents are even more important than schools.F. Recent research has indicated exactly what kinds of talk at home encourage children’s success at school.E. Engaging in these sorts of conversations has a greater impact on educational accomplishment.It is found that American students spend less than 15% of their time in school. 67________A study published earlier this month by researchers at North Carolina State University, for example, finds that parental involvement —checking homework, attending school meetings and events, discussing school activities at home —has a more powerful influence on students’ academic performance than anything about the school the students attend. Another study, published in the Review of Economics and Statistics, reports that the effort put forth by parents (reading stories aloud, meeting with teachers) has a bigger impact on their children’s educational achievement than the effort devoted by either teachers or the students themselves. And a third study concludes that schools would have to increase their spending by more than $1,000 per pupil in order to achieve the same results that are gained with parental involvement.68_________But it is also revealed in researches that parents, of all backgrounds, don’t need to buy expensive educational toys or digital devices for their kids in order to give them an advantage. They don’t need to drive their offspring (子孙，后代)to enrichment classes or test-preparation courses. What they need to do with their children is much simpler: talk.But not just any talk. 69__________For example, a study conducted by researchers at the UCLA School of Public Health and published in the journal Pediatrics found that two-way adult-child conversations were six times as potent in promoting language development as the ones in which the adult did all the talking. Engaging in this reciprocal（双向的) back-and-forth gives children a chance to try out language for themselves, and also gives them the sense that their thoughts and opinions matter.The content of parents’ conversations with kids matters, too. Children who hear talk about counting and numbers at home start school with much more extensive mathematical knowledge, report researchers from the University of Chicago. While the conversations parents have with their children change as kids grow older, the effect of these exchanges on academic achievement remains strong. Research finds that parents play an important r ole in what is called “academic socialization” —setting expectations and making connections between current behavior and future goals. 70__________________IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points) of thepassage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Now another American education icon may be disappearing: the hardbound textbook. More and more school districts are replacing traditional textbooks with electronic textbooks with electronic ones. Electronic textbooks are usually accessed either through an online server or are downloaded to student laptops.In North Texas, Plano and Irving schools are introducing e-books into a few classrooms. And Lancaster school officials also are considering them. But no local district appears to be going as far as Forney. The district most likely would be the first in the state to use e-books in every classroom for grades five to twelve.Officials point out several reasons for turning to e-books. For one, they are easier to update. Thus the publishers are able to find ways to do online textbooks and they can go back and change information. Using e-books will better prepare students for college and the workplace.Rapid district growth is another reason. The number of the students in the district is expected to double within five years. It's difficult to know textbook needs in advance and some students wait months for their books. But e-books can be uploaded onto a "blank" laptop in a few hours.Cost may eventually be a deciding cause for choosing e-books, but there are no big savings yet. Even if they get it electronically, they still have to pay for the book because they're buying the instructional material. That may change as more and more districts move toward e-books. Today, students have little trouble adjusting to laptops and e-books, said Connie Cooley, who has taught at the Academy of Irving 1SD for five years. But she said it could worry teachers.“It’s harder for people who are right around my age and older." said Ms. Coolev, 36. “I am laptop-savvy, so 1 was ready for it, but those that aren't are a little worrying.”V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72. 任何为实现梦想而付诸行动的人们都应受到尊敬。

松江区2008学年度第一学期12月质量监控高三化学试卷本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分，共150分，考试时间120分钟。

相对原子质量：H－1；C－12；O－16；S－32；N—14；Al－27；K－39；Cu－64；Zn－65；Ca－40。

第Ⅰ卷(共66分)一．选择题（本题10分），每小题2分，只有一个正确选项。

1．前一阶段，校园里的银杏树叶金黄，非常美丽，有位同学认为，这是气温造成的。

就这位同学的看法而言，这应该属于科学探究中的（）A．实验B．假设C．观察D．分类2．下列选项体现了物质物理性质的是（）A．纯碱除去油污B．食醋清洗水垢C．木炭吸附色素D．臭氧消毒餐具3．化学与生活、社会密切相关。

下列说法不正确的是（）A．利用太阳能等清洁能源代替化石燃料，有利于节约资源、保护环境B．凡含有食品添加剂的食物对人体健康均有害，不可食用C．为防止电池中的重金属等污染土壤和水体，应积极开发废电池的综合利用技术D．提倡人们购物时不用塑料袋，是为了防止白色污染4．以下是人们对原子结构的认识所经历的几个重要历史阶段：①道尔顿提出的原子论；②汤姆孙提出的葡萄干面包原子摸型；③德谟克里特的古典原子论；④卢瑟福的原子结构行星模型。

其中先后顺序正确的是（）A．①②③④B．③④②①C．③②①④D．③①②④5．下列各组物质，都能与水反应且生成物都易溶于水的是（）A．NH3、Cl2B．Na2O2、SO3C．NO、NO2D．Mg、Al二．选择题（本题36分），每小题3分，只有一个正确选项。

6．1molCH3COOH分别与1molC2H518OH和1molC2H516OH发生酯化反应，两者生成水的质量（）A．前者大B．后者大C．相等D．不能判断7．下列实验中，颜色的变化与有关物质的强氧化性无关的是（）A．双氧水使酸性高锰酸钾溶液褪色B．SO2使滴有酚酞的红色NaOH溶液褪色C．氯气使鲜花褪色D．过氧化钠使品红溶液褪色8．下列有机物的命名正确的是（）A．CH3CHCH CH2CH32—甲基—3—丁烯B．CH2CH3乙基苯C．CH3CHCH3C2H52—乙基丙烷D．CH3CHOHCH31—甲基乙醇9．常温下向下列溶液中通入足量CO2,有明显现象的是（）A．Na2CO3饱和溶液B．NaOH稀溶液C．NaHCO3饱和溶液D．CaCl2溶液10．由2—氯丙烷制取少量的1，2—丙二醇CH2OHCH CH3OH时，需要经过下列哪几步反应（）A．消去、加成、消去B．加成、消去、取代C．取代、消去、加成D．消去、加成、取代11．在甲、乙两烧杯溶液中，共含有Cu2+、K+、H+、Cl-、CO32-、OH-6种离子。

__________ 姓名：__________ 班级：__________一、选择题1．在强酸性无色透明的溶液中，能够大量存在的离子组是（）A. Na＋、K＋、MnO4－、SO42－B. Na＋、K＋、SO32－、NO3－C. K＋、Ba2＋、SO42－、Cl－D. Na＋、Mg2＋、NO3－、Cl－2．(2019·石家庄高三质检)中华文明源远流长，史书记载中蕴含着丰富的化学知识。

下列说法不正确的是()A．《本草纲目》记载“冬月灶中所烧薪柴之灰，令人以灰淋汁，取碱浣衣”，其中“碱”指的是K2CO3B．《易经》记载“泽中有火……上火下泽”，其描述的是CO在湖泊池沼水面上起火的现象C．《本草经集注》记载“强烧之，紫青烟起，云是真硝石也”，此法是利用焰色反应鉴别“硝石”D．《抱朴子》记载“丹砂(HgS)烧之成水银，积变又还成丹砂”，该过程为氧化还原反应3．用N A代表阿伏加德罗常数,下列说法正确的是( )A.相同质量的铝,分别与足量的盐酸和氢氧化钠溶液反应放出的氢气体积一定不相同B.56g Fe与足量盐酸反应转移电子数为3N AC.任何条件下,22.4LNH3与18g H2O所含电子数均为10N AD.46g NO2和N2O4的混合物含有的原子数为3N A4．2018年世界环境日主题为“塑战速决”。

下列做法不应该提倡的是（）A. 使用布袋替代一次性塑料袋购物B. 焚烧废旧塑料以防止“白色污染”C. 用CO2合成聚碳酸酯可降解塑料D. 用高炉喷吹技术综合利用废塑料5．火箭推进器中盛有强还原剂液态肼（N2H4）和强氧化剂液态双氧水。

当它们混合反应时，即产生大量氮气和水蒸气，并放出大量的热。

已知0.4mol液态肼与足量的液态双氧水反应，生成氮气和水蒸气，放出256.652kJ的热量。

（1）反应的热化学方程式为____________________（2）又已知H2O(l)＝H2O(g)ΔH=+44kJ·mol-1。

上海高三高中化学期末考试班级:___________ 姓名：___________ 分数：___________一、选择题1.按照有机物的命名规则，下列命名正确的是A．CH2Br－CH2Br二溴乙烷B．CH3OOCCH3甲酸乙酯C．硬脂酸甘油脂D． 3,3-二甲基-2-丁醇2.乙二醇和丙三醇的有关数据见下表。

则分离乙二醇和丙三醇混合液的最佳方法是A. 分液B. 蒸馏C. 冷却至0℃后过滤D. 加水萃取3.一定含有离子的物质是A．I2B．CH3CH2OH C．HCl D．KCl 4.有关氯化钠叙述错误的是A．是强电解质B．固体能导电C．电子式为：D．25℃时，溶液的pH=75.重水()是重要的核工业原料，关于氘原子()说法错误的是A．氘原子核外有1个电子B．氘原子质量数为2C．一个氘原子中含有2个中子D．与氕原子互为同位素6.Na+的浓度不是1 mol/L的溶液是A．0.5mol/L的NaCl B．0.5 mol/L的Na2SO4C．1mol/L的NaOH D．0.5 mol/L的Na2CO37.在含有H+、Cl-、Na+的溶液中，还可以大量共存的离子是A．CO32-B．AlO2-C．Ca2+D．Ag+ 8.可以进行烘干操作的仪器是A．量筒B．锥形瓶C．容量瓶D．滴定管9.将表面有氧化膜的铝片伸入足量的NaOH溶液中，有关离子方程式正确的是A ．Al 2O 3 + OH - → AlO 2- + H 2OB ．2Al 3++ 6OH -→ 2Al(OH)3↓C ．2Al + 2OH - + 2H 2O → 2AlO 2- + 3H 2↑D ．2Al + 6H 2O → 2Al 3+ + 6OH - +3H 2↑10.实验现象描述错误的是A ．碘单质受热升华：紫色蒸气B ．硫磺在氧气中燃烧：蓝紫色的火焰C ．铁丝在氯气中燃烧：棕褐色的烟D ．氢气在氯气中燃烧：淡蓝色火焰11.可测出某84消毒液的pH 为10.2是 A ．pH 试纸 B ．红色石蕊试纸C ．数字pH 计D ．以酚酞为指示剂进行酸碱中和滴定12.某次硫酸铜晶体结晶水含量的测定实验中，相对误差为-2.7%，原因可能是 A ．实验时坩埚未完全干燥 B ．加热后固体颜色有少量变黑 C ．加热过程中晶体有少量溅失 D ．加热后固体未放入干燥器中冷却13.除去物质中含少量杂质的方法错误是A. AB. BC. CD. D14.只用组内溶液相互混合就能鉴别的组别是 A ．Na 2SO 4、BaCl 2、KNO 3、NaCl B ．NaCl 、AgNO 3、NaNO 3、HCl C ．NaOH 、Na 2SO 4、FeCl 3、MgCl 2D ．Na 2SO 4、NaNO 3、CaCl 2、NaCl15.能用键能大小解释的事实是 A ．稀有气体化学性质很稳定 B ．硝酸易挥发，而硫酸难挥发C ．氮气的化学性质比氧气稳定D ．常温常压下，溴呈液态，碘呈固态16.室温下，2H 2(g)+ O 2(g)2H 2O(l)+ 566kJ 。