Analysis of serum microRNAs as potential biomarkers in renal cell carcinoma.

系统医学 2023 年 12 月第 8 卷第 24期血清降钙素原检测、微生物培养的临床应用价值廖龙波荔浦市人民医院检验科，广西荔浦546699[摘要]目的探究分析血清降钙素原以及微生物培养在细菌感染中的价值。

方法回顾性选取2022年1—12月荔浦市人民医院检验科500例疑似细菌感染患者的临床资料，均实施血清降钙素原检测、微生物培养（细菌培养或/和血培养），以微生物培养结果为金标准，分析血清降钙素原检测结果及效能。

结果微生物培养结果是金标准，有菌生长173例，无菌生长327例。

血清降钙素原检测显示，阳性296例，阴性204例，阳性率59.20%、阴性率40.80%，敏感度是82.08%、特异度是52.91%、准确度是63.00%、误诊率是47.09%、漏诊率是17.92%、阳性预测值是47.97%、阴性预测值是84.80%，Kappa值为0.841。

结论血清降钙素原具有检测速度快、敏感度高等优点，可及时识别细菌感染，若要明确病原菌种类，建议进一步进行微生物培养，辅助临床尽早确诊与治疗。

[关键词]血清降钙素原；微生物培养；有菌生长；无菌生长；敏感度；特异度[中图分类号]R446.1 [文献标识码] A [文章编号]2096-1782（2023）12(b)-0049-04 Clinical Application Value of Serum Procalcitonin Detection and Microbial CultureLIAO LongboDepartment of Laboratory, Lipu People's Hospital, Lipu, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 546699 China [Abstract] Objective To explore the value of serum procalcitonin and microbial culture in bacterial infection. Methods the clinical data of 500 patients with suspected bacterial infections in the Laboratory Department of Lipu City People's Hospital from January to December 2022 were retrospective selected, all of whom were implemented se⁃rum calcitoninogen detection, microbial culture (bacterial culture or/and blood culture), and the results of the micro⁃bial culture results were used as the gold standard to analyze the results and efficacy of serum calcitoninogen detec⁃tion. Results The results of microbial culture were the gold standard, as shown below: 173 cases had bacterial growth and 327 cases had aseptic growth. Serum procalcitonin test showed 296 positive cases, 204 negative cases, positive rate of 59.20%, negative rate of 40.80%. Sensitivity was 82.08%, specificity was 52.91%, accuracy was 63.00%, mis⁃diagnosis rate was 47.09%, missed diagnosis rate was 17.92%, positive predictive value was 47.97%, negative predic⁃tive value was 84.80%, and Kappa value was 0.841. Conclusion Serum procalcitonin has the advantages of fast detec⁃tion speed and high sensitivity, which can timely identify bacterial infections. If the type of pathogen needs to be iden⁃tified, it is recommended to further conduct microbial culture to assist clinical diagnosis and treatment as early as pos⁃sible.[Key words] Serum procalcitonin; Microbial culture; Bacterial growth; Aseptic growth; Sensitivity; Specificity血流感染是导致医院危重症患者预后不佳的主要原因，临床多在怀疑患者发生血流感染后，以血培养为首选诊断方案，将其作为血流感染诊断金标准[1-2]。

MicroRNAs及循环外泌体的高灵敏度分析题目：MicroRNAs及循环外泌体的高灵敏度分析摘要：MicroRNAs（miRNAs）是一类长度约在20~24个核苷酸的非编码RNA分子，通过靶向RNA上的预定序列来下调基因表达。

miRNAs是多种生物过程的重要调节分子，包括细胞增殖、分化和凋亡等。

循环外泌体是一种细胞外分泌的小型膜囊，通过它们可以存在多个细胞和组织间传递信息。

miRNAs在循环外泌体中起到了重要的生物学功能，特别是在疾病诊断和治疗监测中。

高灵敏度分析是具有极高灵敏度和特异性的分析技术，可以在极低的样品量级下检测目标物。

在miRNAs和循环外泌体的分析中，高灵敏度分析可以有效地提高检测的灵敏度和准确度，从而更好地揭示miRNAs和循环外泌体的功能和代谢机制。

本文综述了miRNAs和循环外泌体的研究进展和应用，重点介绍了高灵敏度分析技术的原理和应用，包括荧光探针技术、反转录聚合酶链式反应和基于质谱分析的技术。

此外，我们还系统性地总结了各种应用于miRNAs和循环外泌体高灵敏度分析的方法，包括单细胞分析、组学分析和功能分析等。

关键词：MicroRNAs；循环外泌体；高灵敏度分析；荧光探针技术；反转录聚合酶链式反应；质谱分析；单细胞分析；组学分析；功能分析miRNAs和循环外泌体在分子生物学和医学研究中广泛应用。

miRNAs通过靶向RNA上的预定序列来下调基因表达，影响多种生物过程。

循环外泌体是一种细胞外分泌的小型膜囊，可以存在多个细胞和组织间传递信息。

miRNAs和循环外泌体的研究进程和应用已经引起了广泛的关注。

高灵敏度分析技术成为miRNAs和循环外泌体分析的重要手段。

高灵敏度分析技术可以在极低的样品量级下检测目标物，提高检测的灵敏度和准确度。

荧光探针技术、反转录聚合酶链式反应和基于质谱分析的技术是常见的高灵敏度分析技术。

在miRNAs和循环外泌体的高灵敏度分析中，单细胞分析、组学分析和功能分析等方法也得到了广泛应用。

青蒿素英语介绍作文英文回答：Artemisinin, a sesquiterpene lactone endoperoxide, is a natural product isolated from the plant Artemisia annua L. It is a potent antimalarial drug that has been used for centuries in traditional Chinese medicine. Artemisinin is effective against all species of Plasmodium, the parasite that causes malaria. It is particularly effective against Plasmodium falciparum, the most deadly species of malaria parasite.Artemisinin has a unique mechanism of action that targets the parasite's heme metabolism. This leads to oxidative stress and death of the parasite. Artemisinin is also highly effective against drug-resistant Plasmodium strains.Artemisinin is a safe and well-tolerated drug. The most common side effects are nausea, vomiting, and dizziness.However, these side effects are usually mild and transient.Artemisinin is used in combination with other antimalarial drugs to treat malaria. This helps to prevent the development of drug resistance. The most common artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) are artemether-lumefantrine (Coartem), artesunate-amodiaquine (ASAQ), and artesunate-mefloquine (ASMQ).ACTs are the first-line treatment for uncomplicated malaria in most malaria-endemic countries. They are also used to treat severe malaria.Artemisinin is a life-saving drug that hassignificantly reduced the burden of malaria around the world. It is a safe and effective treatment that is well-tolerated by patients.中文回答：青蒿素是一种从青蒿植物中分离出的倍半萜内过氧化物内酯。

微RNA (microRNA,miRNA)是一类小分子非编码RNA,仅由几十个碱基序列构成,主要调节基因表达,参与了细胞增殖、迁移、凋亡以及癌变等基本细胞生命过程,生物体所患有的很多疾病已被证实与miRNA 的异常表达密切相关[1-2]。

mi-RNA 凭借稳定地存在于人的外周血液中这一优势,被认为是液体活检的重要标志物,临床意义重要。

miRNA 在不同细胞中的表达是异质性的,研究单细胞miRNA 的表达对研究miRNA 介导的调控通路以及miRNA 相关疾病的复杂性和异质性具有重要价值[3-5]。

此外,在面对庞大而复杂的临床样本时,研发出快捷简单、准确有效的miRNA DOI:10.16605/ki.1007-7847.2022.05.0146催化发夹自组装技术用于miRNA 检测的研究进展龙禹同,万里,赵国杰*(中国医科大学生命科学学院,中国辽宁沈阳110122)摘要:微RNA (microRNA,miRNA)是一类小分子RNA,参与了众多的细胞过程,在生命体的生长发育过程中起到了关键作用。

鉴于miRNA 的重要性和结构特殊性,其对于疾病的预测与评估有着深刻的意义。

当前,miRNA 检测技术迅猛发展,其中,催化发夹自组装(catalytic hairpin assembly,CHA)是一项新型核酸恒温扩增技术,具有反应过程无需酶催化、检测灵敏度高特异性强、操作简单方便等优点,在miRNA 的检测领域有着巨大潜力。

本文将着重阐述CHA 技术的检测原理,从靶标识别、信号扩增、信号输出3个方面对基于CHA 技术的miRNA 检测策略进行介绍,并提出该技术当前面临的挑战及前景,旨在为医学、生物信息等相关领域的研究提供进一步参考。

关键词:微RNA (miRNA);催化发夹自组装(CHA);检测中图分类号:Q503文献标志码:A文章编号:1007-7847(2023)01-0086-09收稿日期:2022-05-11;修回日期:2022-08-11;网络首发日期:2022-09-30基金项目:沈阳市中青年科技创新人才支持计划项目(RC190235);中国医科大学大学生创新创业项目(X202210159088)作者简介:龙禹同(2000—),女,辽宁鞍山人,学生;龙禹同和万里对本文的贡献相同,为本文共同第一作者;*通信作者:赵国杰(1978—),男,辽宁沈阳人,博士,中国医科大学教授,主要从事核酸及核苷酸衍生物的生物化学、核酸相关酶学、核酸扩增等方面的研究,E-mail:**************.cn 。

抗衰老系列二科学家公布外泌体抗衰老实验结果2013年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖颁给了美国科学家罗思曼、谢克曼以及德国科学家祖德霍夫，以表彰他们发现细胞的囊泡运输调控机制。

美国抗衰老医学研究会主席Klatz博士称：“外泌体是干细胞技术的下一个发展方向”。

那么，人们面临衰老时，干细胞外泌体正在发挥着怎么样的作用？科学家们又是如何利用干细胞外泌体来对抗衰老？本期向大家介绍一项重要的外泌体抗衰老实验。

抗衰老系列二 | 科学家公布外泌体抗衰老实验结果干细胞在再生医学中具有巨大的治疗潜力，如通过分泌抗炎、抗纤维化和促血管生成活性的因子，如可溶性分子（生长因子、细胞因子）或细胞外囊泡（微粒子、外泌体）等来改善创面愈合过程。

随着研究的深入，干细胞外泌体成为备受青睐的“超级明星”。

干细胞外泌体，干细胞在生理活动过程中分泌出来的生理活性物质，是一种微小囊泡，直径大约在30-150nm。

主要功效成分包括蛋白质类物质及micRNA类核酸物质。

外泌体一旦通过胞吐作用从干细胞中释放，复杂的混合因子能作为信号分子传递给其他细胞。

干细胞外泌体因在上皮组织的增殖、迁移、再生、炎症和瘢痕控制等方面的作用，成为「无细胞的细胞治疗」工具。

细胞老化是什么除去部分的组织干细胞，构成我们身体的大部分细胞的分裂次数是有限的，正常的体细胞达到细胞寿命并不可逆地停止增殖的状态称为细胞老化。

另外，就算添加活性正常的细胞至有致癌危险的应激反应（染色体缩短、癌基因的活化、氧化应激等）中，还是会被细胞老化诱导而不可逆地停止增殖。

因此，我们认为细胞老化与细胞凋亡相同，有防止异常细胞增殖、抑制癌症的作用。

然而，细胞老化不同于细胞死亡，老化细胞会在生物体内长期生存，因此随着年龄的增长，体内的老化细胞会越来越多。

另一方面，老化细胞中的染色质结构会根据持续的DNA损伤应答而改变，如炎症性细胞因子、趋化因子、基质分解酶和增殖因子等各种炎症蛋白基因活化表达。

已知老化细胞会分泌炎症蛋白到细胞外，这样的细胞老化的表现型被称为SASP（Senescence-associated secretory phenotype）。

小学下册英语第3单元测验试卷考试时间：90分钟（总分:140）A卷一、综合题(共计100题共100分)1. 听力题：The _______ can add interest to your home decor.2. 选择题：What is the name of the holiday celebrated on December 25th?A. ThanksgivingB. HalloweenC. ChristmasD. Easter答案:C3. 听力题：The ice cream is ______ (melting) in the heat.4. 听力题：A ______ is a natural feature that can influence ecosystems.5. 听力题：They are ______ (happy) at the park.6. 选择题：What is the main ingredient in sushi?A. PastaB. RiceC. BreadD. Meat答案:B7. 填空题：The ancient Romans built ________ as a form of public entertainment.8. 填空题：The _____ (滋养) of soil is important for healthy plants.What is the name of the place where you can see wild animals?A. ZooB. FarmC. AquariumD. Circus答案: A10. 听力题：A solution is a homogeneous mixture of a __________ and a solvent.11. 填空题：A __________ (气味) can indicate the presence of certain chemicals.12. 选择题：What do we call a person who studies the effects of urbanization on society?A. Urban SociologistB. Environmental ScientistC. SociologistD. Anthropologist答案: A13. 填空题：A ________ (清真寺) is a place of worship in Islam.14. 填空题：Planting trees can help prevent ______ (水土流失).15. 选择题：What do you call a collection of stories?A. AnthologyB. CompilationC. SeriesD. Collection答案:A16. 听力题：The ant is very _______.17. 选择题：What do you call something that tells the time?A. ClockB. CalendarC. WatchD. TimerIt is _______ (下雨) today, so I’ll stay inside.19. 填空题：The ancient civilization of ________ is known for its contributions to engineering.20. 选择题：What do you call a type of story that explains how something happened?A. MythB. LegendC. FableD. Fairytale答案: B21. 填空题：When I got home, I told my family all about my day. They were happy for me and said we should all go to the park together ______ (9) week. I can't wait for another wonderful adventure!22. 填空题：The ancient Romans used __________ (拉丁语) as their language.23. 听力题：She is wearing a lovely ___. (dress)24. 选择题：Which animal says "meow"?A. DogB. CowC. CatD. Sheep25. 听力题：My cousin is a ______. She loves animals.26. 听力题：The ________ (baby) is sleeping.27. 填空题：The discovery of America is attributed to ________ (哥伦布).28. 选择题：What do we call the snowy white bird often associated with peace?A. EagleB. DoveC. SparrowD. Crow答案: B29. 听力题：The main ingredient in aspirin is ______.30. 选择题：What do you call the small, sweet fruit often used in pies?A. BerryB. PeachC. AppleD. Cherry31. 填空题：The puppy is very ______.32. 填空题：My brother is a __________ (交通规划师).33. 填空题：I enjoy cooking _______ (饼干) with my mom.34. 选择题：What do you call a scientist who studies the weather?A. MeteorologistB. GeologistC. BiologistD. Physicist35. 填空题：The ______ (野生动物) relies on plants for food and shelter.36. 听力题：The study of matter and its changes is called ______.37. 填空题：I enjoy making ______ (手工艺品) for holidays. It’s a creative way to celebrate.38. 填空题：_____ (irrigation) helps plants get enough water.39. 选择题：What is the name of the planets that have rings?A. Gas GiantsB. Rocky PlanetsC. Dwarf PlanetsD. Terrestrial Planets40. 听力题：The chemical symbol for iodine is ______.41. 填空题：My family often goes to the ____.42. 填空题：The first successful skin transplant was performed in ________.43. 填空题：Thomas Edison invented the ______ (电灯泡).44. 选择题：What is the capital of Sudan?A. KhartoumB. JubaC. Port SudanD. Omdurman答案: A45. 听力题：The chemical symbol for thulium is _____.46. 听力题：The process of fermentation produces __________ as a byproduct.47. 听力题：An atom is made up of protons, neutrons, and ______ (electrons).48. 选择题：What is the name of the famous song by The Beatles?A. Hey JudeB. Smells Like Teen SpiritC. I Want to Hold Your HandD. Imagine49. 填空题：My ________ (玩具名称) helps me learn new words.50. 填空题：The discovery of ________ has changed the course of technology.51. 填空题：The _______ (兔子) has soft fur.52. 听力题：The Earth's surface is shaped by both gradual and ______ changes.53. 填空题：The __________ (天气预报) predicts rain tomorrow.54. 选择题：What is the name of the fairy tale character who had long hair?A. CinderellaB. RapunzelC. BelleD. Ariel答案:B55. 听力题：We go _____ (skiing) in winter.56. 听力题：The chemical formula for magnesium oxide is _______.57. 选择题：Which of these animals can fly?A. ElephantB. DogC. ParrotD. Frog58. 选择题：What is the name of the fairy tale character who lost her glass slipper?A. Snow WhiteB. CinderellaC. Little Red Riding HoodD. Rapunzel答案:B59. 填空题：The ______ (种植者) plays an important role in agriculture.60. 选择题：How many Earth days does it take for Venus to rotate once on its axis?A. 30B. 243C. 365D. 1561. 听力题：Temperature is measured in degrees ______.62. 填空题：The ________ is a friendly creature that loves to cuddle.63. 填空题：The frog catches insects with its sticky ______ (舌头).64. 听力题：We engage in ________ (activities) for learning.65. 填空题：The chef is known for his _____ (独特的风格) in cooking.66. 填空题：The ancient Egyptians believed in many _____ gods.67. 选择题：What do you call a young female goat?A. KidB. CalfC. LambD. Pup答案: A68. 填空题：_____ (succulents) store water in their leaves.69. 选择题：What is the capital of Papua New Guinea?A. SuvaB. Port MoresbyC. HoniaraD. Apia答案:B70. 填空题：The __________ (历史的遗产) is a shared treasure.71. 听力题：The chemical symbol for rhenium is ______.72. 填空题：_____ (环保意识) helps conserve plant life.73. 填空题：In spring, there are also many holidays. For example, we celebrate ______, when families get together and have a big meal. I always look forward to this time because I can spend time with my ______ and enjoy delicious food.74. 选择题：What do you call a drawing or painting of a person?A. LandscapeB. PortraitC. SculptureD. Collage答案：B75. 听力题：My uncle is a ____ (photographer) who takes pictures.76. 选择题：Where does the President of the USA live?A. The White HouseB. The CapitolC. The PentagonD. The State House77. 填空题：My brother dreams of becoming a _______ (职业). 他希望 _______ (动词).78. 填空题：__________ (酶) are biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions in living organisms.79. 填空题：Certain plants can _____ (净化) the air we breathe.80. 听力题：A space shuttle is used to carry astronauts to ______.81. 听力题：The ______ teaches us about technology and its impacts.82. 选择题：What is the main reason we have seasons on Earth?A. Distance from the sunB. Tilt of the Earth's axisC. Cloud coverD. Ocean currents83. 听力题：A trench is a deep ______ in the ocean floor.84. 听力题：I want to ________ (innovate) solutions.85. 听力题：A saturated solution contains the maximum amount of _____ that can dissolve.86. 选择题：What is the largest planet in our solar system?A. EarthB. JupiterC. SaturnD. Mars87. 填空题：A ______ (蟋蟀) makes chirping sounds to attract mates.88. 填空题：The puppy is _______ (在追逐)蝴蝶。

BMBreports338BMB reports*Corresponding author. T el: 82-31-201-2688; Fax: 82-31-202-2687;E-mail: dcyang@khu.ac.krReceived 17 October 2007, Accepted 26 December 2007K eywords: Abiotic stress, Codonopsis lanceolata , Dehydrin (DHN), Semi-quantitative RT-PCRIsolation of a novel dehydrin gene from Codonopsis lanceolata and analysis of its response to abiotic stressesRama Krishna Pulla 1,2, Yu-Jin Kim 1, Myung Kyum Kim 1, Kalai Selvi Senthil 3, Jun-Gyo In 4 & Deok-Chun Yang 1,*1Korean Ginseng Center and Ginseng Genetic Resource Bank, Kyung Hee University, Seocheon-dong, Kiheung-gu Yongin, Kyunggi-do, South Korea, 2Kongunadu Arts and Science College, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641029, India. 3Avinashilingam University for Women, Coimbatore, 641043, India. 4Biopia Co., Ltd., Yongin, KoreaDehydrins (DHNs) compose a family of intrinsically unstructured proteins that have high water solubility and accumulate during late seed development at low temperature or in water-deficit conditions. They are believed to play a protective role in freez-ing and drought-tolerance in plants. A full-length cDNA encod-ing DHN (designated as ClDhn ) was isolated from an oriental medicinal plant Codonopsis lanceolata , which has been used widely in Asia for its anticancer and anti-inflammatory properties. The full-length cDNA of ClDhn was 813 bp and contained a 477 bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding a polypeptide of 159 amino acids. Deduced ClDhn protein had high similarities with other plant DHNs. RT-PCR analysis showed that different abiotic stresses such as salt, wounding, chilling and light, trig-gered a significant induction of ClDhn at different time points within 4-48 hrs post-treatment. This study revealed that ClDhn assisted C. lanceolata in becoming resistant to dehydration. [BMB reports 2008; 41(4): 338-343]INTRODUCTIONPlants have developed defensive strategies against various stresses that arise from frequent environmental fluctuations to which they are exposed. Drought and low temperatures are the most severe factors limiting plant growth and yield. More than 100 genes have been shown to be responsive to such conditions and they are believed to function either during the physiological protection of cells from water-deficiencies or temperature-changes or in the regulation of gene expression (1-3).DHNs are proteins that are known to accumulate in vegetative plant tissues under stress conditions, such as low temperature, drought, or salt-stress (2, 4-6). These proteins have been catego-rized as late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins (7, 8).DHNs have been subdivided into five classes according to thepresence of highly conservative segments: YnSK 2, Kn, KnS, SKn and Y 2Kn. The K-segment (EKKIGIMDKIKEKLPG) is a conserved 15-mer lysine-rich sequence characteristic of DHNs, which may be present in one or several copies (5). The K-segment can form an amphiphathic α-helix structure that may interact with lipid components of bio-membranes and partially denatured proteins like chaperones (6, 9). The S-segment consists of contiguous ser-ine residues in the centre of the protein, which may be phosphorylated. They are involved in nuclear transport through their binding to nuclear localization signal peptides (6). The Y-segment with the consensus sequence DEYGNP, shares some similarities to the nucleotide-binding site of chaperones in plants and bacteria (5, 10). Another conserved domain contained in many DHNs is ϕ-segment (repeated Gly and polar amino acids), which interacts with and stabilizes membranes and macro-molecules, preventing structural damage and maintaining the activity of essential enzymes (11).DHNs have been found in the cytoplasm (12), nucleus (12, 13), mitochondria (14), vacuole (15), and chloroplasts (16). They are known to associate with membranes (17, 18), pro-teins (19) and excess salt ions (15, 20). Several DHN genes have been isolated and characterized from different species, including cor47, erd10 and erd14 from Arabidopsis thaliana ; Hsp90, BN59, BN115 and Bnerd10 from Brassica napus ; cor39 and wcs19 from Triticum aestivum (bread wheat); and cor25 from Brassica rapa subsp. Pekinensis (21). Many studies have reported a positive correlation between the accumulation of DHN transcripts or proteins and tolerance to freezing, drought, and salinity (12, 17, 22-24). Moreover, mod-ulation of transcripts by light has been reported for many DHN-encoding genes in drought- or cold-stressed plants (25-28). Although the biochemical functions and physiological roles of DHNs are still unclear, their sequence character-izations and expression patterns suggest that they may play a positive role in plant-response and adaptation to abiotic stress that leads to cellular dehydration. Indeed, many studies have indicated that transgenic plants with DHNs have a better stress-tolerance, recovery or re-growth after drought and freez-ing stress than that of the control (8, 29, 30).Thus far, there are no reports on isolation of the DHN gene from the oriental medicinal plant Codonopsis lanceolata . ThisCodonopsis lanceolata dehydrin geneRama Krishna Pulla, et al.339BMBreportsFig. 1. Nucleotide sequence and de-duced amino acid sequence of a ClDhn cDNA isolated from C. lanceolata . Num-bers on the left represent nucleotide positions. The deduced amino acid se-quence is shown in a single-letter code below the nucleotide sequence. The as-terisk denotes the translation stop signal.Amino acids in two double boxes repre-sent the Y-segment and amino acids in a single box the S-segment, respectively.The two underlined sequences represent the K-segments.plant belongs to the family of Campanulaceae (bellflower fam-ily), which contains many famous oriental medicinal plants such as Platycodon grandiflorum (Chinese bellflower or balloon flow-er), Codonopsis pilosula and Adenophora triphylla (nan sha shen). The roots of these plants have been used as herbal drugs to treat bronchitis, cough, spasm, macrophage-mediated immune responses and inflammation, and has also been administered as a tonic (31). C. lanceolata grows in North-eastern china, Korea, and far eastern Siberia. Despite their medicinal importance, little genomic study of this plant has been carried out. In this study, we characterized an Y 2SK 2 type DHN gene from C. lanceolata and analyzed its expression in response to various abiotic stresses.RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONIsolation and characterization of the full length cDNA of the ClDhn geneAs part of a genomic project to identify genes in the medicinal plant C. lanceolata , a cDNA library consisting of about 1,000 cDNAs was previously constructed. A cDNA encoding a dehy-drin (DHN), designated ClDhn was isolated and sequenced. The sequence data of ClDhn has been deposited in GenBank under accession number AB126059. As shown in Fig. 1, ClDhn is 813 bp in length and it has an open reading frame (ORF) of 477 bp nucleotide with an 87-nucleotide upstream sequence and a 248-nucleotide downstream sequence. The ORF of ClDhn starts at nucleotide position 88 and ends at position 565. ClDhn encodes a precursor protein of 159 amino acids resi-dues with no predicted signal peptide at the N-terminal. The calculated molecular mass of the protein is approximately 16.7kDa with a predicated isoelectric point of 6.87. In the deduced amino acid sequence of ClDhn protein, the total number of neg-atively charged residues (Asp +Glu) amounted to 21 while the total number of positively charged residues (Arg +Lys) was 20. In addition, transmembrane helix prediction (TMHMMv2.0) did not identify any transmembrane helices in the deduced protein, implying that the protein did not function in the membrane but might function within the cytosolic or nuclear compartment.Homology analysisA GenBank Blastp search revealed that ClDhn had the highest sequence homology to the carrot (Daucus carota ) DHN (BAD86644) with 51% identity and 61% similarity. ClDhn also shared homology with ginseng (Panax ginseng ) DHN5 (ABF48478, 50% identity and 60% similarity), wild potato (Solanum commersonii ) DHN (CAA75798, 50% identity and 58% similarity), robusta coffee (Coffea canephora ) DHN1α (ABC55670, 47% identity and 55% similarity), grape (Vitis vin-ifera ) DHN (ABN79618, 47% identity and 57% similarity), American beech (Fagus sylvatica ) DHN (CAE54590, 46% iden-tity and 56% similarity), tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum ) DHN (BAD13498, 45% identity and 56% similarity), sunflower (Helianthus annuus ) DHN (CAC80719, 45% identity and 52% similarity), and soybean (Glycine max ) DHN (AAB71225, 44% identity and 52% similarity). The DHNs showing the highest similarities were Y 2SK 2 type DHNs except grape (Vitis vinifera ) DHN (YSK 2 type) (32). Thus ClDhn might belong to Y 2SK 2 type DHNs based on the two Y-segments, one S-segment, and two K-segments present in its amino acid sequence. Phylogenetic analysis of ten of the plant DHNs were carried out using theCodonopsis lanceolata dehydrin gene Rama Krishna Pulla, et al.340BMB reportsFig. 2. A phylogenetic tree based on DHN amino acid sequence, showing the phylogenetic relationship between ClDhn and other plant DHNs . The tree was constructed using the Clustal X method (Neighbor-joining method) and a bar represents 0.1 substitutions peramino acid position.Fig. 3. Alignment of ClDhn with the most closely related DHNs from carrot (Daucus carota , BAD86644), ginseng (Panax ginseng DHN5, ABF48478), com-merson’s wild potato (Solanum commer-sonii , CAA75798), robusta coffee (Coffea canephora , ABC55670), grape (Vitis vin-ifera , ABN79618), American beech (Fagus sylvatica , CAE54590), tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum , BAD13498), sunflower (Helian-thus annuus , CAC80719) and soybean (Glycine max , AAB71225). Gaps are marked with dashes. The conserved ami-no acid residues are shaded and Y-, S-, and K-segments are shown.Clustal X program (Fig. 2). Fig. 3 is a sequence alignment result of ClDhn and other closely related DHNs .The differential expression of ClDhn in different organs of C . lanceolataThe expression patterns of ClDhn in different C . lanceolata or-gans were examined using RT-PCR analysis. Almost similar levels of ClDhn -mRNA expression were observed in leaves and roots, whereas ClDhn was expressed in slightly higher lev-els in the stems. (Data was not shown).Expression of ClDhn in response to various stressesExpression patterns of ClDhn under various conditions were ex-amined using RT-PCR analysis. Fig. 4A showed the accumu-lation of ClDhn -mRNA in response to 100 mM ABA in MS agar. ABA is a hormone secreted when environmental conditions be-come dry. Expression of ClDhn was induced and reached a maximum level after 12 hrs, and then gradually decreased. When plants are submitted to dehydration the endogenous con-tent of ABA increases, with ABA mediating the closure of the stomata. Several studies have identified ABA as a key hormone in the induction pathway of many inducible genes including DHN , in response to drought (33-36). 100 μM of ABA in sprayCodonopsis lanceolata dehydrin geneRama Krishna Pulla, et al.341BMBreportsFig. 4. RT-PCR analyses of the expressions of ClDhn gene in the leaves of C. lanceolata at various time points (h) post-treatment with various stresses: A, 100 mM ABA; B, 100 mM NaCl; C, wounding; D, chilling and E, light treatment. Actin was used as an internal control.induced DHN-levels in Brassica napus and increased its ex-pression up to 48 hrs after treatment with ABA (37). 100 μM of ABA in MS agar induced DHN -levels in rice and cause a max-imum expression level at 1 hr post-treatment (10).Fig. 4B shows the accumulation of ClDhn mRNA in re-sponse to salt stress (100 mM NaCl). ClDhn expression was in-duced at 4 hrs post-treatment and gradually increased until 48 hrs. In Brassica napus , 250 mM NaCl added in the nutrient medium induced DHN-expression and reached a maximum at 48 hrs post-treatment (37). The application of NaCl to soil brought on a progressive decrease of the pre-dawn leaf water potential, a decrease of stomatal-conductance and a growth- reduction. Osmotic potential increase during salt treatmentcould result from Na ＋ or Cl −absorption and from the synthesis of compatible compounds (38).Under wounding stress, ClDhn gene transcription was in-duced at 4 hrs post-treatment and gradually increased until 48 hrs (Fig. 4C). Richard et al . (39) discussed that the cumulative effect of wounding on transcript accumulation could also be associated with greater water-loss through more open surfaces arising from the wounding treatment.Under cold treatment, increase of ClDhn transcripts was ob-served at 4 hrs post-treatment and gradually increased until 48 hrs (Fig. 4D). Induction of DHN by low temperatures has been observed in numerous plants (17, 38). Overexpression of citrus DHN improved the cold tolerance in tobacco (18). Overexpre-ssion of multiple DHN genes in Arabidopsis resulted in accu-mulation of the corresponding DHNs to levels similar or higher than in cold-acclimated wild-type plants (24). Another example showed that overexpression of the acidic DHN WCOR410 could improve freezing tolerance in transgenic strawberry leaves (29). Fig. 4E shows that ClDhn gene expression was induced bylight stress and increased continuously until 48 hrs post-treat-ment. Natali et al . (40) showed that the G-box (CACGTGGC), a motif found in the promoter region of many light regulated genes, was found in the DHN gene promoter of helianthus and that DHN was responsive to light stress (41).In conclusion, we isolated a new dehydrin gene (ClDhn ) from C. lanceolata and characterized its expression in response to various stresses. ClDhn was induced by various stresses related to wa-ter-deficiency (ABA, salt, wounding and cold) and was induced by light, similar to other DHN genes isolated from other plants.MATERIALS AND METHODSPlant materialsCodonopsis lanceolata were grown in vitro on MS medium supplemented with 3% sucrose and 0.8% agar under the 16 hrs light and 8 hrs dark period. Its growth was maintained by regular subculture every 4 weeks. Abiotic stress studies were carried out on plants that were subcultured for one month. To analyze gene expression in different organs, samples were col-lected from leaves, roots and stem of C. lanceolata plants.Sequence analysesThe full-length ClDhn gene was analyzed using the softwares BioEdit, Clustal X, Mega 3 and other databases listed below; NCBI (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih), SOPMA (http://npsa-pbil.ibcp /npsaautomat.pl?page=npsopma.html).Stress assaysTo investigate the response of the ClDhn gene to various stress-es, the third leaves with petioles from C. lanceolata were used. For treatment with ABA (100 mM) and NaCl (100 mM), leaf samples were incubated in media containing each compound at 25o C for 48 hrs. For mechanical wounding stress, excised leaves were wounded with a needle puncher (42). Chilling stress was applied by exposing the leaves to a temperature of 4o C (43). To investigate the ClDhn gene-expressions in light, leaves were incubated under an electrical lamp with a light in-tensity of 24 mol m-2 s-1 for 48 hrs. All treatments were carried out on MS media with or without the treatment solution (ABA, NaCl). All treated plant materials were immediately frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored at -70o C until further analysis.Semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysisTotal RNA was extracted from various whole plant tissues (leaves, stem, roots) of C. lancolata using the Rneasy mini kit (Qiagen, Valencia, CA, USA). For RT-PCR (reverse tran-scriptase-PCR), 800 ng of total RNA was used as a template for reverse transcription using oligo (dT) primer (0.2 mM)(INTRON Biotechnology, Inc., South Korea) for 5 mins at 75oC. The reaction mixture was then incubated with AMV Reverse Transcriptase (10 U/μl) (INTRON Biotechology, Inc., SouthKorea) for 60 mins at 42oC. The reaction was inactivated byheating the mixture at 94oC for 5 mins. PCR was then per-Codonopsis lanceolata dehydrin gene Rama Krishna Pulla, et al.342BMB reportsformed using a 1 μl aliquot of the first stand cDNA in a final volume of 25 μl containing 5 pmol of specific primers for cod-ing of ClDhn gene (forward, 5'-AAA GAG AGA GAA AAT GGC AGG TTA C-3'; reverse, 5'-GGA GTA GTT GTT GAA GTT CTC TGC T-3') were used. As a control, the primers spe-cific to the C. lanceolata actin gene were used (forward, 5'-CAA GAA GAG CTA CGA GCT ACC CGA TGG-3'; reverse, 5'-CTC GGT GCT AGG GCA GTG ATC TCT TTG CT-3'). PCR was carried out using 1 μl of taq DNA polymerase (Solgent Co., South Korea) in a thermal cycler programmed as follows:an initial denaturation for 5 mins at 95oC, 30 amplification cy-cles [30 s at 95o C (denaturation), 30 s at 53o C (annealing), and90 s at 72oC (polymerization)], followed by a final elongation for 10 mins at 72o C. 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血清残余胆固醇水平对冠心病的影响及临床意义陈翠1，2，杨莉婷3，唐陶1，2，徐浩2，刘茂41.川北医学院附属医院遗传与产前诊断中心，四川南充637000；2.川北医学院检验医学院，四川南充637000；3.南充市中心医院检验科，四川南充637000；4.川北医学院附属医院心血管内科，四川南充637000【摘要】目的探讨血清残余胆固醇(RC)水平对冠心病的影响及其临床意义。

方法回顾性分析2019年6月至2020年6月因胸闷胸痛于川北医学院附属医院心内科住院行冠脉造影检查的230例患者的临床资料，根据冠脉造影结果分为冠心病组190例和非冠心病组40例(CON 组)，根据临床诊断标准又将冠心病患者分为稳定性心绞痛组(SAP 组)70例和急性冠脉综合征组(ACS 组)120例。

比较三组患者的一般资料和RC 水平，采用Spearman 秩相关分析RC 水平与Gensini 评分的相关性，采用多因素Logistic 回归分析影响冠心病发生的风险因素，绘制受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)分析RC 对冠心病发生的预测价值。

结果ACS 组、SAP 组和CON 组患者的性别、年龄、吸烟史、高血压史、LP(a)比较差异均无统计学意义(P >0.05)，但ACS 组和SAP 组患者的总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、载脂蛋白A (ApoA)、载脂蛋白B (ApoB)水平明显高于CON 组，而高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)水平明显低于CON 组，且ACS 组患者的TC 、LDL-C 、ApoB 水平明显高于SAP 组，差异均有统计学意义(P <0.05)；ACS 组和SAP 组患者的RC 水平分别为(0.98±0.37)mmol/L 、(0.86±0.23)mmol/L ，明显高于CON 组的(0.68±0.16)mmol/L ，且ACS 组的RC 水平明显高于SAP 组，差异均具有统计学意义(P <0.05)；经Spearman 秩相关分析结果显示，RC 水平与Gensini 评分呈正相关(P <0.05)；经多因素Logistic 回归分析结果显示，年龄、吸烟、RC 、LDL-C 、ApoA 为冠心病的独立危险因素(P <0.05)；经ROC 分析结果显示，血清RC 预测冠心病发生的曲线下面积(AUC)为0.755，灵敏性和特异性分别为53.20%和87.50%。

海鞘(Ciona intestinalis)新microRNA基因的识别及其靶标预测张伟;金萍;侯林;马飞【期刊名称】《安徽农业大学学报》【年(卷),期】2010(37)4【摘要】microRNAs(miRNAs)是一类长度约22 nt的非编码小RNA,通过碱基互补配对的方式调控靶基因的表达。

本文采用同源搜索的方法,以线虫、果蝇、文昌鱼和人类的miRNA为探针,与海鞘的基因组序列进行比对,同时结合miRNA二级结构特征及SVM假阳性分析共发现10个新的miRNA基因。

通过靶基因预测,共找出225个潜在靶基因,这些靶基因主要参与细胞代谢、转录调节、结合活性等功能。

新miRNA基因的识别为海鞘miRNA功能研究奠定了基础,并为更进一步揭示脊椎动物miRNA的起源与进化提供了理论依据。

【总页数】8页(P695-702)【作者】张伟;金萍;侯林;马飞【作者单位】辽宁师范大学生命科学学院;南京师范大学生命科学学院【正文语种】中文【中图分类】Q811.4【相关文献】1.基于生物信息学的条斑紫菜microRNAs及其靶标预测2.七氟烷麻醉大鼠海马组织特异microRNA的差异表达及靶标预测3.中国玻璃海鞘属一新纪录种——萨氏海鞘Ciona savignyi4.鸡6个功能基因microRNA靶标区域SNP的生物信息学预测5.Ciona intestinalis as an emerging model organism: its regeneration under controlled conditions and methodology for egg dechorionation因版权原因，仅展示原文概要，查看原文内容请购买。

microRNA在人皮肤基底细胞癌中的研究进展作者：崔晨阳肖志波来源：《中国美容医学》2021年第06期[摘要]基底细胞癌是一种来源于基底细胞或皮肤附属器组织的低度恶性肿瘤，其发病率逐年增加，且发病人群具有年轻化的趋势。

其转移率较低，但常与恶性结局相关，早期发现并完全切除通常会取得很好疗效。

临床困扰的主要难题在于局部晚期侵袭性肿瘤以及复发的肿瘤，目前经典的治疗方法仍是常规手术切除和莫氏显微外科手术切除，其他方法有局部理化治疗以及新兴的靶向治疗如拮抗SMO受体等，但由于副作用及耐药性等原因，有必要寻找更为合适的分子靶点。

越来越多的研究证据表明miRNAs在基底细胞癌发生发展过程中起到关键的调控作用。

本文就miRNAs在基底细胞癌中的差异表达、作用及其潜在的临床应用价值进行综述，为后续的科学研究或基底细胞癌的预防、早期诊断和预后判断提供参考。

[关键词]microRNA;基底细胞癌;表达差异;作用机制[中图分类号]R739.5 [文献标志码]A [文章编号]1008-6455（2021）06-0177-04Research Progress of microRNA in Human Skin Basal Cell CarcinomaCUI Chen-yang，XIAO Zhi-bo（Department of Plastic Surgery， the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University， Harbin 150081，Heilongjiang，China）Abstract： Basal cell carcinoma （BCC） is a kind of low-grade malignant tumor originated from basal cells or skin adnexal tissues. Its incidence rate increases year by year， and the incidence population tends to be younger. The rate of metastasis is low， but it is often associated withmalignant outcomes， and early detection and excision completey usually yield good results. The main challenge of clinical problems lies in locally advanced invasive tumors and recurrence tumors. The classic treatment is still a routine surgical resection and Mohs microsurgery， local physical and chemical treatment and other emerging methods such as antagonizing SMO receptor therapy also have applicationed， however， due to side effects and drug resistance， it is necessary to look for more suitable molecular targets. More and more research evidence indicates that miRNAs play a key regulatory role in the development of basal cell carcinoma. In this review， the differential expression and the role of miRNAs in BCC and its potential clinical application values are reviewed， so as to provide reference for the subsequent scientific research or prevention， early diagnosis and prognostic judgment of BCC.Key words： microRNA; basal cell carcinoma; expression difference; pathogenesis基底细胞癌（Basal cell carcinoma，BCC）最常见的诱因是紫外线照射，其次是砷接触和免疫抑制状态等，它们会引起肿瘤基因功能的改变及相关通路活性的改变，导致肿瘤的发生[1]。