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材料2动词的时态和语态（过去时）时态构成基本用法一般过去时did,（连系动词was/were）①过去某一时间内经常发生或反复发生的动作或存在的状态；He lived in Beijing when he was young.他年轻时生活在北京。
②表达过去发生的动作。
We visited the factory last Friday.上周五我们参观了那家工厂。
过去进行时was/weredoing①表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作（这一过去时间须用时间状语表示）；He was preparing his lecture all day yesterday.②表示动作在另一过去动作发生时进行；They were st ill working whenI left.③用在两个过去进行时动作同时发生；I was writing while he waswatching TV.④表示过去将来动作。
He said she was arriving the next day.现在完成时has/have done 表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响或结果，或说话时已完成I have finished the report. 我已经完成了这个报告。
She has cleaned the room.她已经打扫干净了这个房间。
过去完成时had done 表示在过去某一时间以前已经完成的动作。
He had shut the door before the dog came up. Everything had been all right up till this morning.过去完成时的特殊用法表示动作或状态从过去某个时刻开始一直延续到另一个过去时刻才完成，甚至还要继续下去。
At the age of ten, he had learned 500 English words.He had been ill for a week when we learned about it.常用hope, expect, think, intend, want,suppose等动词的过去完成时来表示未实现的希望、打算或意图。
动词的时态与语态动词的分类：实义动词（及物动词、不及物动词）、连系动词、情态动词、助动词。
动词的时态、语态的重难点及高考考点：有八种时态在高考中经常考到1、一般现在时；2、一般过去时；3、一般将来时；4、现在进行时；5、过去进行时；6、现在完成时；7、过去完成时；8、过去将来时。
而其中最易混淆的三组时态是1、一般过去时和现在完成时；2、一般过去时和过去完成时；3、现在完成时和过去完成时动词语态：动词语态包括主动语态和被动语态，而被动语态是学习和备考的难点。
动词的时态：英语中的谓语动词要根据使用的时间不同而发生变化。
一般一个动词具有四种变化形式：一般现在时的单数三人称形式（用于一般现在时且主语是单数三人称时），动词的过去式（用于一般过去时），动词的现在分词（用于进行时），动词的过去分词（用于完成式和被动语态），各种词形变化都有相应规则，需熟记。
一般现在时：一、概念：经常发生的动作或习惯性的行为。
二、常连用的时间副词：always,every time, now and then,occasionally,often,seldom,sometimes, usually, frequently, once in a while.三、句型结构：（以动词work为例）主动结构：S+work/works+O; S+can/must+work+O; S+am/is/are+P.被动结构：S+am/is/are+worked(+by+O).四、常考的考点：(一)、在时间、条件、方式、让步状语从句中代替将来时态。
Eg:1.The water (pollute )unless some measures (take).2.Even if she (not come )this weekend, I (go) fishing by myself.3.He (visit) his aunt the day he (come) to Beijing.（二）、表示现在时刻存在的状态，这种状态带有一定的持续性。
材料1动词的时态和语态（现在时）时态构成基本用法一般现在时do/does,（连系动词is/am/are）表示现在的习惯，经常发生的动作或存在的状态。
He takes a walk after supper every day.他每天晚饭后散步。
We always care for each other and help each other.我们总是相互关心相互帮助。
现在进行时is/am/are doing ①表示现在正在进行的动作；It is raining heavily now, so we must stay inside.现在正下着大雨，因此我们必须呆在家里。
②表示按计划安排即将发生的动作；My father is coming to see me this Saturday.这个星期六我爸爸要来看我。
③代替一般现在时，描绘更加生动。
The Changjiang River is flowing into the east.长江水滚滚向东流。
现在完成时has/have done 表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响或结果，或说话时已完成I have finished the report. 我已经完成了这个报告。
She has cleaned the room.她已经打扫干净了这个房间。
现在完成进行时has/have beendoing表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在或还要继续下去的动作He has been doing the maths problems since 8:00.自8点钟，他一直在做这些数学题。
一般现在时的特殊用法用法例句客观事实或真理The geography teacher told us the earth moves aroundthe sun.地理老师告诉我们地球绕着太阳转。
按时间表的将来行为The plane takes off at 10:00 a.m.飞机上午10点起飞。
动词的时态和语态时态：时态主动被动一般现在时do/does; am/is/are am/is/are done一般过去时did; was/were was/were done 一般将来时will/shall do will/shall be done过去将来时would/should dowas/were going to dowas/were(about)to dowould/should be donewas/were going to be donewas/were(about)to be done现在进行时am/is/are doing am/is/are being done过去进行时was/were doing was/were be ing done将来进行时will/shall be doing现在完成时have/has done have/has been done过去完成时had done had been done将来完成时will have done will have been done2.必备知识考点一一般时知识点1一般现在时1.表示经常性的动作，常与usually，always，often，sometimes，never，every day等表示频度的时间状语连用。
2.表示客观真理、格言或者警句等。
3.表示按规定、时间表、计划或安排要发生的动作。
动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return, live, fly等，常用一般现在时表示将来发生的动作。
4.在时间、条件等状语从句中常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。
5.以here/there开头引导的倒装句，表示正在发生的动作/状态6.用于文章标题、图片说明、电影说明、戏剧内容及场景解说等。
知识点2一般过去时1. 表示在过去发生的一次性动作或习惯性动作或存在的状态，常用yesterday，last year，in 1995，the other day等作时间状语。
材料3（将来时）will be doingex perimentHe tolI was told that he was going to return home.Their daughter is to get married s高考真题1. （2014北京卷）31.--- What time is it? --- I have no idea. But just a minute, I ______ it for you.A. checkB. checkedC. will checkD. would check2. （2014山东卷）5. They made up their mind that they______ a new house once Larry changed jobs.A. boughtB. would buyC. have boughtD. had bought3. （2013湖南卷）“What do you want to be?” asked Mrs. Crawford. “Oh, I ______ president,” said the boy, with a smile.A. have beenB. amC. wasD. will be4.（2013辽宁卷）We are confident that the environm ent ______by our further efforts to reduce pollution.A. had b een improvedB. will be improvedC. is improvedD. was improved5. （2013江苏卷）—Could I use your car tomorrow morning?—Sure. I are port at home.A. wi ll be writingB. will have writtenC. have writtenD. have been writing6. （2013北京卷）—Do you think Mom and Dad late?—No, Swiss Air is usually on time.A. wereB. will beC. would beD. have been7. （2013天津卷）If he had spent more time practising speaking English before, he able to speak it much better now.A. will beB. would beC. has beenD. would have been8. 【2012安徽】31. Grace doesn’t want to move to New York because she thinks if she there, she wouldn’t be able to see her pa rents very often.A. livesB. would liveC. having askedD. were to live9. 【2012北京】22. By the time you have finished this book, your meal ______ cold.A. getsB. has gotC. will getD. is getting10. 【2012陕西】24. –Can I call you back at two o’clock this afternoon?--I’m sorry, but by then I _____ to Beijing. How about five?A. flyB. will flyC. will be flyingD. am flying11. 【2012湖南】22. Don’t worry. The hard work that you do now ______ later in life.A. will be repaidB. was being repaidC. has been repaidD. was repaid12. 【2012湖南】25. Close the door of fear behind you, and you ______ the door of faith open before you.A. sawB. have seenC. will seeD. are seeing13. 【2012辽宁】31. I feel so excited! At this time tomorrow morning I _____ to Shanghai.A. will be flyingB. will flyC. have been flyingD. have flo wn14. （2011上海卷34） Did you predict that many students ______ up for the dance competition?A. would signB. signedC. have signedD. had signed15. （2011江苏卷23）－Tommy is planning to buy a car.－I know. By next month, he ______enough for a used one.A. savesB. savedC. will saveD. will have saved16. 2011天津卷4）On the next birthday. Ann ________married for twenty years.A.isB.has beenC.will beD.will have been17. （2011湖南卷34）In the near future, more advances in the robot technology________by scientists.A. are makingB. are madeC. will makeD. will be made19.(江苏卷23).—why, Jack, you look so tired!—Well, I _____the house and I must finish the work tomorrow.A. was paintingB. will be paintingC. have paintedD. have been painting20.(江苏卷30).—Peter, where did you guys go for the summer vacation?—We________ busy with our work for months, so we went to the beach to relax ourselves.A. wereB. have beenC. had beenD. will be。
高考英语语法复习专题：动词时态和语态一、考点聚焦1、动词时态考查要点简述（1）一般现在时考点分析①表示客观事实或普通真理（不受时态限制）The geography teacher told us the earth moves around the sun.Water boils at 100o C.②表示现状、性质、状态时多用系动词或状态动词；表示经常或习惯性的动作，多用动作动词，且常与表频率的时间状语连用。
Ice feels cold.We always care for each other and help each other.③表示知觉、态度、感情、某种抽象的关系或概念的词常用一般现在时：see、hear、smell、taste、feel、notice、agree、believe、like、hate、want、think、be long seem等。
如：I know what you mean.Smith owns a car and a house.All the students here belong to No.1 Middle School.④在时间、条件状语从句中常用一般现在时代替将来时。
但要注意由if 引导的条件状语从句中可以用shall或will表“意愿”，但不表示时态。
If you will accept my invitation and come to our party, my family will be pleased.如果你愿意接受并参加我们的舞会，我的家人会非常高兴。
⑤少数用于表示起止的动词如come、go、leave、arrive、fly、return、start、begin、pen、close、end、stop等常用一般现在时代替将来时，表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作。
当be表示根据时间或事先安排，肯定会出现的状态，只用一般现在时。
The shop closes at 11:00 p.m. every day.Tomorrow is Wednesday.（2）一般过去时的考点分析（考核重点）。
材料2动词的时态和语态（过去时）时态构成基本用法一般过去时did,（连系动词was/were）①过去某一时间内经常发生或反复发生的动作或存在的状态；He lived in Beijing when he was young.他年轻时生活在北京。
②表达过去发生的动作。
We visited the factory last Friday.上周五我们参观了那家工厂。
过去进行时was/weredoing①表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作（这一过去时间须用时间状语表示）；He was preparing his lecture all day yesterday.②表示动作在另一过去动作发生时进行；They were st ill working whenI left.③用在两个过去进行时动作同时发生；I was writing while he waswatching TV.④表示过去将来动作。
He said she was arriving the next day.现在完成时has/have done 表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响或结果，或说话时已完成I have finished the report. 我已经完成了这个报告。
She has cleaned the room.她已经打扫干净了这个房间。
过去完成时had done 表示在过去某一时间以前已经完成的动作。
He had shut the door before the dog came up. Everything had been all right up till this morning.过去完成时的特殊用法表示动作或状态从过去某个时刻开始一直延续到另一个过去时刻才完成，甚至还要继续下去。
At the age of ten, he had learned 500 English words.He had been ill for a week when we learned about it.常用hope, expect, think, intend, want,suppose等动词的过去完成时来表示未实现的希望、打算或意图。
We had expected that you would be able to win the match.我们本期望你能赢得这场比赛的。
一般过去时与过去进行时的比较一般过去时只表达过去的动作或状态Tom________ into the house when no one ___________.A. slipped; was noticingB. had slipped; noticedC. slipped; had noticedD. was slipping; noticed说明：slip和notice 为同时发生的动作，因此B、C为错误选项，slipped指过去有结果的动作（他溜进去了），when no one wasnoticing 指他溜进去的一刹那发生的情况（没有人注意）。
过去进行时表示某个时候或某段时间正在进行的动作He ______ a book about China last year, but I don’t know ifhe ______ it.A. wrote; has finishedB. was writing; has finishedC. was writing; had finishedD. wrote; will finish说明：正确选项为B. 从I don’t know if he has finished it.推断，他去年一直在写。
高考真题1.（14安徽卷）The twins, Who their homework, were allowed to play badminton on the playground.A. will finishB. finishC. have finishedD. had finished2. （2014北京卷）32. I found the lecture hard to follow because it _______ when I arrived.A. startedB. was start ingC. would startD. had started3. （2014福建卷）23.—Haven't seen you for ages! Where have you been?—I went to Ningxia and there for one year, teaching as a volunteer.A. stayedB. stayC. had stayedD. am staying4.（2014山东卷）1. Writing out all the invitations by hand was more time-consuming than we______.A. will expectB. are expectingC. expectD. had expected5. （2014陕西卷）22. During his stay in Xi’an, Jerry tried almost all the local foods his friends ________,A. would recommendB. had recommendedC. have recommendedD. were recommending6.（2014四川卷）9. She ______ someone, so I nodded to her and went away.A. phonedB. had phonedC. was phoningD. has phoned7.（14浙江卷）Sofia looked around at all the faces: she had the impression that she _____ most of the guests before.A. has seenB. had seenC. sawD. would see8.（2014重庆卷）8.James has just arrived, but I didn’t know he ___until yesterday.A. will comeB.was comingC. had comeD. came9.（2013新课标1）They might just have a place _____ on the writing course ?why dont’t you give it a try?10.（2013新课标卷2）We____ very early so we packed the night before.11.（13安徽卷）I’m calling about the apartment you___ the other day. Could you tell me more about it?A. advertisedB. had advertisedC. are advertisingD. will advertise12.（2013江西卷）I ________ to visit you later that day, but I had to phone and cancel.A. comeB. cameC. am comingD. was coming13.（2013重庆卷）1 felt very tired when I got home. and I_______straight to bed.A. goB. wentC. had goneD. have gone14.（2013山东卷）I didn’t think I’d like the movie, but actually it _____ pretty good.A. has beenB. wasC. had bee nD. would be15.（13陕西卷）Jim a late night film at home when, right in the middle of a thrilling scene, the television went blank.A. watchedB. had watchedC. was watchingD. would be watching16.（2013全国卷大纲版）We very early so we packed the night before.A. leaveB. had leftC. were leavingD. have left17.（2013辽宁卷） He was unhappy w hen he sold his guitar. After all, he ______it for a very long time.A. has had.B. had hadC. hasD. had16.（2013江苏卷）I should not have laughed if I you were serious.A. thoughtB. would thinkC. had thoughtD. have thought17.（2013江苏卷）—What about your self drive trip yesterday?—Tiring! The road is being widened, and we a rough ride.A. hadB. haveC. would haveD. have had18. (2013福建卷)The famous musician, as well as his students, ______ to perform at the opening ceremony of the 2012 Taipei Flower Expo.A. were invitedB. was invitedC. have been invitedD. has been invited19.【12安徽】After school we went to the reading-room to do some reading, only to be told that it .A. was decoratedB. had decoratedC. had been decoratingD. was being decorated20.【12全国】I had been working on math for the whole afternoon and the numbers before my eyes.A. swim B .swum C. swam D. had swum21.【2012北京】25. Geo rge said that he would come to school to see me the next day, but he ______.A. wouldn’tB. didn’tC. hasn’tD.hadn’t22. 【2012北京】29. —Have you heard about that fire in the market? — Yes, fortunately no one _____.A. hurtB. was hurtC. has hurtD. had been hurt23. 【2012天津】2. The letters for the boss _____ on his desk but he didn’t read them until three days la ter.A. were putB. was putC. putD. has put24. 【2012天津】12. The three of us ________ around Europe for about a month last summer.A. traveledB. have traveledC. had traveledD. travel25. 【12江苏】 The manager is said to have arrived back from Paris where he _____ some European business partners.A. would meetB. is meetingC. meetsD. had met。
