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专题四介词和连词(+阅读理解+七选五)A级基础过关Ⅰ.单句填空1.(2018福建宁德二模)The wool of Tibetan antelopes,soft and warm,can be obtained hurting the animals.But poachers(盗猎者) would choose simply to kill them before taking the wool.2.Neighbors should do all they can to avoid disturbing other people,there are times when some level of disturbance is unavoidable.3.(2018浙江温州适应性测试)If you can take plant needs into consideration,you can make sure that your plants are living their ideal environment.4.(2018黑龙江齐齐哈尔三模)He was a great scientist and an extraordinary man whose work and legacy will live for many years.5.(2018河南洛阳三模)Shared bikes are bringing cycling back people’s lives.6.(2018山东烟台二模) addition to large-scale(大规模的)yogafestivals,smaller events are held in different communities,parks and also online across the nation.7.(2018陕西西安八校联考) the sight of the situation,I offered to pay the balance,which was $20 altogether.8.(2018山西大同、阳泉5月联考)People have tried different ways to prevent the condition,including anti-sickness drugs, nothing works.9.Do bring your telescope, you will not have a clear sight of the whole city on the top of the mountain.10.I was on my way to school that afternoon I found an old man lying on the side road.Ⅱ.单句改错1.(2018河北保定二模)Salesmen or waiters are two of the most common jobs that students try to find.2.(2018山东威海二模)Isn’t it reasonable that different experiences can result fro m different beliefs?3.(2018河北唐山三模)Lei Haiwei,a fast food delivery man,won the championship in the Chinese Poetry Contest held in April4.in→on4.(2018福建宁德二模)Our car missed it by just a few inches.The driver of the car started yelling us.My father just smiled or waved at the man.后加at;or→and5.(2018安徽江南十校二模联考)You said that it was by surfing on the Internet too much that your illness is caused.on6.(2018重庆三模)She is not only very beautiful,and also very kind-hearted.7.We were told four ways to the top of the mountains,each of them took 60 minutes to complete.或在each前加and8.One day,some children were playing hide-and-seek while they heard a boyshouting,“Help!”9.In my memory,my grandma was a hardworking but strong woman full of energy.10.(2018河南洛阳三模)The elderly man on the picture attended our school 50 years ago,shortly after it was founded.B级能力提升Ⅲ.阅读理解A(2018湖北八校第二次联考)Choosing where to live may be one o f the biggest decisions you’ll make when you move to Sydney,but you’ll have plenty of help.Temporary arrival accommodationBefore you move to Sydney,we recommend that you book a temporary place tostay.Once you get here,you can look for longer-term accommodation.—.au/accommodation/short-termOn-campus-residential colleges (fully catered饮食全包的)The University has eight residential colleges on the Camperdown/Darlington Campus,including International House,a residential community of globalscholars.Colleges provide comfortable,fully furnished single rooms and daily meals,along with sporting,cultural,leadership and social programs.They also include on-site tutorials(辅导课) in addition to campus-based classes.—.au/collegesOn-campus residences (self-catered饮食自理的)The University has two self-run residences—Queen Mary Building(QMB) and Abercrombie Student Accommodation—on the Camperdown/Darlington Campus.Both just under a year old,they house up to 1,000 students.These residences provide modern single-study rooms with large common living,learning and study spaces,shared kitchens,a theatre,gyms,soundproofed music rooms,art studios,sky lounges and rooftop gardens.—.au/campus-life/accommodation/live-on-campus.htmlOff-campus livingMore than 90 percent of our students live off campus.The University is close to many dynamic and multicultural suburbs such as Annandale,Newtown,Chippendale and Glebe.A great place to search is our large online database of properties.—.au/campus-life/accommodation/live-off-campus.html【语篇解读】本文是一篇广告布告类阅读。
核心考点二冠词——与名词共生共存,【考向聚焦】冠词是虚词，本身不能单独使用，也没有词义，常放在名词前面帮助说明名词的含义。
冠词分为不定冠词a，an和定冠词the两种。
纵观近三年高考题可知，冠词一直是必考内容。
其考查的重点主要有：冠词的基本用法；在固定结构中和具体语境中的用法；冠词的特殊用法；冠词在句子中的位置。
1．(2018·福建，21)The “Chinese Dream” is ________ dream to improve people's well －being and ________ dream of harmony，peace and development.A．the；a B．a；a C．a；the D．the；the解析考查冠词。
根据句意，中国梦是一个……的梦和一个……的梦，可知，两空都用不定冠词a，答案选B。
答案 B2．(2018·江西，32)Animals are obviously ________ lower form of life than ________ man.A．a；/ B．the；the C．a；the D．/；/解析考查冠词。
第一空表示“一种生命的形式”；第二空man表“人类”，不用冠词。
故答案选A。
答案 A3．(2018·山东，22)It was________cold winter night and the moon was shining brightly across________night sky.A．/；a B．a；the C．the；a D．the；/解析考查冠词用法。
第一空“一个寒冷的冬夜”，应用不定冠词a；第二空“夜空”，指独一无二的事物用定冠词the。
故答案为B。
答案 B4．(2018·江西，19)Marco Polo is said to have sailed on ________ Pacific Ocean on his way to Java in ________ thirteenth century.A．the；a B．a；/ C．/；the D．the；the解析考查冠词。
第一编专题四第1讲重点四第一组Ⅰ. 语法填空(2018·湖北八校高三第一次联考) China has always been famous for being a “State of Etiquette(礼仪)”. According to historical documents，as early as 2,600 years ago，this nation has already established a thorough set __1. of__ dining etiquette.A famous 19th century Russian writer，Anton Chekhov，once invited a Chinese man __2. to have__ (have) a drink in a bar Chekhov said，“Before drinking from his cup，he held __3. it__ with his hands and presented to me and the bar owner and bartenders，__4. saying__ (say) ’qing (please)’. This is the custom of China. They are not like us to finish it in one drink，__5. but__ prefer to drink by taking a small amount at a time. With every sip(一小口)，he __6. ate__ ( eat ) some food. Afterwards he handed me some Chinese __7. coins__ (coin) to show gratitude. This is a rather interestingly polite nationality. . . ”This was the most valuable opinion of a Chinese person __8. that__ was given by a foreigner two centuries ago. Chinese traditional dinner procedures used to be long and dealt __9. seriously__ (serious) with；the __10. more important__ (important) the occasion，the more complex the procedures were.文章大意：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。
第四模块语法填空【考纲解读】高考全国卷语法填空题从考点上分为纯空格式与给词填空式两类,共10小题,每小题 1.5分。
该考点设置为在一篇200词左右的语言材料中留出10个空,部分空的后面给出单词的基本形式,要求考生根据上下文填写空白处所需的内容或所提供单词的正确形式。
试题从语法角度对短文进行适当地分散挖空,其目的是考查学生理解语篇的能力、分析句子结构的能力及熟练运用语法的能力。
年份卷别/体裁题材词数提示型无提示型名词动词形容词副词代词比较级最高级非谓语冠词介词连词关系词2018Ⅰ说明文跑步的好处1911211311Ⅱ说明文农作物种植结构的调整205 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 Ⅲ记叙文偶遇大猩猩2101111121112017Ⅰ说明文低脂肪低盐对健康的影响21312112111Ⅱ说明文英国地铁的发展历程1902221111Ⅲ记叙文兼职模特Sarah21022121112016Ⅰ记叙文造访大熊猫基地199********Ⅱ说明文如何应对工作中的压力19022111111Ⅲ说明文筷子的发展史19412121 21通过研读近三年的高考试题,并结合上述分析表可以看出语法填空试题具有如下特点:1.题材特点试题均采用“短文体”,选材广泛,与时俱进,再现真实的生活场景,引导学生感悟真知,学以致用;全面培养学生的学科素养和个人生活的价值取向。
2.测试特点短文设10个空,分提示型和无提示型两种类型,提示型设空一般为7个,无提示型一般为3个。
提示词多为实词,主要考查实词(名词、动词、形容词、副词)词性的相互转化和最基本的语法概念,如:时态、语态、非谓语动词等。
无提示词处多考查虚词的用法,主要考查介词、冠词和连词等。
考点分布均匀,除了强调结构、倒装句、省略句和情态动词等之外,基础和重点的语法项目都考查到了,试题突出了高考对于重点语法的考查,充分体现了语法知识的语用功能,全面考查考生活用语法知识的能力,在坚持“基础、常见、实用”的原则上,着重考查考生在语境中应用语法知识的能力。
专题二名词、冠词、代词、数词和主谓一致(+完形填空+语篇填空)A级基础过关Ⅰ.单句填空1.(2018山东烟台二模)Like many athletic (activity),yoga comes with some risk.As (it) popularity has gradually risen,so has the number of yoga-related injuries.答案activities;its2.(2018四川乐山二模)They tested 520 university students on their memory and intelligence when in the presence of a smart phone to see how affected them.答案it3.(2018广东深圳一模)Mulan’s characteristics,such as courag e,kindness and a disinterested attitude toward fame and fortune,made (she) one of the most respected historical Chinese heroines.答案her4.(2018四川乐山三模)The Moroccan diet is rich in fruits and vegetables.Throughout history,as each new culture moved to Morocco,they introduced (they) own tastes and styles into the country.答案their5.(2018内蒙古赤峰4月模拟)Two of my (hero) have completed a bigproject.答案heroes6.(2018安徽江淮十校4月联考)In Chinese culture,each year is related toChinese animal according to the 12-year cycle.答案a7.(2018山东泰安二模) “My wallet is no longer in use.I can buy and eat whatever I want simply with a fingertip on my phone,”said university student,adding that even pancake sellers are using mobile payment.答案a8.They are called latchkey children,who look after (them) while their parents work.答案themselves9.(2018新疆乌鲁木齐三模)An early use of the word “chickenfeed” appeared in 1930 in an American book about a rich man and son.“Chickenfeed” also has another interesting meaning.答案his10.(2018湖南株洲二模)Temple fairs,originating along with the development of Buddhist and Taoist activities,(be) a kind of mass gatherings that integrate(融合) religious worship,entertainment and commerce.Ⅱ.单句改错1.(2018河北保定二模)They send letters to businesses,go to job interviews,and ask our friends and relations for help.2.(2018山东济南二模)Then we began to play with them.I drew picture with the older kids,and my classmates told stories to the younger ones.3.(2018河北唐山三模)Recite poems not only enriches my knowledges,but also makes my job less boring.4.(2018安徽江南十校二模联考)That’s true.A friend of me,who often does the same thing,is beginning to feel bad too.5.(2018安徽江南十校二模联考)Instead,we should work out to keep healthy,because anything is more important than health.6.(2018重庆三模) We met each other at junior high school.She was shortest in our class at that time.前面加the7.(2018河南洛阳三模) I know someday I’ll have a same feeling as this lovely man.8.(2018陕西西安八校联考) I know a teacher mood may influence his students,especially our attitudes towards study.9.(2018河南郑州三模) Some students cut potatoes into pieces,some dug hole,and the others put the pieces of potatoes into the holes,put the earth back and pushed them down hard.答案hole→holes;them→it10.The situation is even worse in the least developed countries—only one in 10 people have regular access to the Internet.答案have→hasB级能力提升Ⅲ.完形填空(2018山东泰安二模)These days,upcycling(升级改造) is popular with people.They 1 something unique from existing materials rather than buy more.My granny,Bobo has spent 92 years doing just that out of necessity.Wasting time and resources was 2 an option in the world she grew up in.With seven children to 3 ,she lived a hard and economical life.Bobo has been upcycling 4 the day Great-Granny Annie put a needle in her hand and taught her how to give new 5 to every fabric(织物)in their farmhouse.Just like Bobo,my mother,Cindy, 6 making her clothes.She 7 her homecoming dress and bought the fabric with money she earned 8 at the can factory.One generation passed on to the next the 9 of creating something beautiful and useful by hand.Granny’s and Mom’s sewing skills meant that no matter thebudget,Christmas,birthday,and wedding gifts were 10 .From a baby blanket to abib(围嘴),each treasure 11 a special quality of personalization.In my home I am 12 by upcycling at its best.Thanks to Bobo’s 13 ways,the artistry of handwork lives on in four 14 of crafters.Granny Bobo lived it.Mom carried it on.I am picking it up by listening and15 .Now my daughter,Greta,is also learning to use those 16 .I sit and watch 17 as Bobo’s hands weave needle and thread.In 92 years,her hands have known and 18 life,home and family.Age has brought the 19 of some memories.But if you listen to her stories while she 20 ,you’ll journey back to the old farm with her.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。
江苏高考单项填空近五年考查分布明细统计从上面的考情统计可以看出，2018年江苏高考单项填空的考点和往年类似，但涉及的语境更丰富，重点考查基础语法运用、词汇辨析、情景交际用语及习语。
其中语法考查内容涵盖了三大从句、非谓语动词、时态和语态及虚拟语气等。
21.By boat is the only way to get here, which is ________ we arrived.A.whereB.whenC.whyD.how答案D[考查表语从句。
根据句中的By boat可知，此处应用how引导表语从句，表示到达这里的方式。
]22.Kids shouldn’t have access to violent films because they might ________ the things they see.A.indicateB.investigateC.imitateD.innovate答案C[考查动词。
句意：孩子们不应该看暴力影片，因为他们可能会模仿他们看到的内容。
imitate“模仿”符合句意。
indicate“暗示”；investigate“调查”；innovate“创新”。
]23.Self-driving is an area ________ China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line.A.thatB.whereC.whichD.when答案B[考查定语从句。
空处引导定语从句，先行词是area，关系词在从句中充当地点状语，因此用where，相当于in which。
]24.It’s strange that he ________ have taken the books without the owner’s permission.A.wouldB.shouldC.couldD.might答案B[考查情态动词。
语篇填空提升练(十四)状语从句[考点巩固练]1.“Champ!Champ!Come here,boy!”shouted Sam and his mother over and overstill no Champ.2.However,Britain has always had a deep love of the beauty and peacefulness of the countryside.The upper classes have always liked to have a house both in Londonin the country.They still wanted to go to the country for the summer.3.For the first few weeks,I didn’t miss home or really feel any kind of emotion atall except tired.There was so much for me to learn I hadn’t had time to think about anything.4.Looking back,I know the greatest difficulty on our way to success is ourfear.Overcome it, we will be able to achieve our goals.5.One day,the cow was eating grass it began to rain heavily.6.But you don’t know that I started to learn senior English at the beginning,I found it difficult and quite different from what we had learned in junior school.7.Half an hour later,Lucy still couldn’t get a taxi the bus had dropped her.8. you are travelling abroad,here are the tips you need to make your trip much easier.9.Most didn’t know the answers they learn by rote.10.When asked to be a part of a show for some old World WarⅡsoldiers,he told them he was very busy and he could afford only a few minutes, he would come if they wouldn’t mind his singing one short song and immediately leaving for his next appointment.[语篇强化练]A(2018·浙大附中全真模拟)In China,the history of people planting and using bamboo can date back as far as 7,000 years.As early as the Shang Dynasty,bamboo was used in ancient people’s daily lives.It was used for food,clothing,housing,transportation,1. (music) instruments and even weapons.The 2. (apply) of bamboo in science and technology is thrilling.In 216 BC,Li Bing,in Sichuan,3. (lead) the local people to build the Dujiang Weirs,the first irrigation network in the world,in which bamboo played 4.important role.The world’s oldest water pipe was also 5.(make) of bamboo.During the Han Dynasty,the people in Sichuan 6. (success) sank a 100-metre-deep well with thick bamboo ropes.This technology did not spread to Europe 7. the 19th century,and it was by using the technology 8. the Americans drilled the first oil well in Pennsylvania in 184.In Chinese culture,bamboo is well-known as 9.of the “four gentlemen” in plants.To many distinguished men,bamboo is a symbol of goodness and honesty.It is always closely related to people of positive spirits.When 10. (face)tough situations,people are encouraged to hold on by the effect of bamboo culture.BThomas is an undergraduate student at Simon Fraser University.Three years ago,he was pursuing a science degree with the goal of 1. (become)a nurse but he was unsure of his next steps.One day 2. he was attending a classroom presentation,Thomas learned about the YWCA’s Boys 4 Real program.“It was 3. unique experience to work with the youth,where you are giving 4. (they)skills to prepare for high school.”Thomas 5. (volunteer)for the program for over 3 years.His favourite parts are the community service and healthy living units,where he can share and apply what he’s learning in university 6. a biology student.The community service project,in which volunteers lead the youth of Grade 7 to visit a senior’s home or collect cans for a food bank,is 7.(especial)meaningful to Thomas.Volunteering with the YWCA has helped Thomas see the impact that can 8.(make)by him as a mentor.Boys 4 Real gave him a 9.(clear)direction of where he is heading professionally than before.Now he has made up his mind 10.(continue)to stay at a school being a teacher after finishing his Bachelor’s degree.语篇填空提升练(十四) 状语从句[考点巩固练]1.but 山姆和他妈妈一遍遍地喊,但是Champ仍没出现,两者间是转折关系,所以用but连接,表转折。
语篇填空提升练(一)冠词[考点巩固练]1.He owned farm,which looked almost abandoned.2.For a while,especially in the U.S.,city life came to be seen as the best and most exciting way to live.Living in the rural areas was regarded as boring.Who wanted to be struggling to make living in the country doing hard agricultural labor?3.He realized he hadn’t seen his new puppy for over hour.4.This is by far most inspiring movie that I have ever seen.5.As he approached the bridge,the sound got louder and then he sawpitiful sight.6.Recently when he took look at his collection of books,he discovered the old book borrowed 61 years ago.7.But a parent of another child came up with even better idea—getting the whole class to learn sign language along with Zejd.8.Most seriously,relying on smartphones to make friends does not give ussame advantage as making new friends in the real world.9.For your generation to live in better world,there is so much moreour generation can do.10.We’r e up there together at a height of 30,000 feet,enjoyingmiracle of the modern flight.[语篇强化练]AThe major construction work on the world’s longest cross-sea bridge,which connects Zhuhai in Guangdong Province with Hong Kong and Macao,1.(complete) last week.Near the airports of Hong Kong and Macao,the project is over one of the world’s 2.(busy) shipping routes(航线),3. more than 4,000 ships pass by every day.Much to people’s relief,Chinese white dolphins,an endangered species,enjoy top level national 4. (protect) here.5. big ceremony was held in Zhuhai to celebrate the completion of the 55-km cross-sea route and to mark the start of road surfacing.“This means the construction has entered6. (it) final stage,” said ZhuYongling,head of the work.More than 400,000 tons of steel have been used for the 6.7-kilometer-long undersea tunnel and 22.9-kilometer-long bridge,enough 7.(build) 60 Eiffel Towers.Two floating cranes,8. a load of 3,200 tons and 2,300 tons respectively,worked together to lift and roll the tower,9.(set) a world record.“If it were not for the progress of ‘Made in China’,we couldn’t 10. (possible) have made it in such a short time,” he added.BThe Nobel Peace Prize was awa rded on Friday to India’s Kailash Satyarthi and Pakistan’s Malala Yousafzai for their struggles 1. thesuppression(压迫)of children and for young people’s rights,2.(include) the right to education.Yousafzai came to 3. (globe) attention after she 4.(shoot) in the head by the Taliban two years ago for her efforts 5.(promote) education for girls in Pakistan.Through her heroic struggle,Yousafzai has become a leading spokeswoman for girls’ rights to education.According to the Nobel committee,at 17,she’s 6.(young)ever peace prize winner.“I’m proud that I’m the first Pakistani and the first young woman or the first young person 7. (get) this award,” she said in Birmingham,England.She doesn’t believe that s he deserves the award but considers it an encouragement 8. (continue)her campaign and to know that she isn’t 9..Awarding the Peace Prize to a Pakistani Muslim and an Indian Hindu gives a message to people of love between Pakistan and India,and 10.different religions.语篇填空提升练(一) 冠词[考点巩固练]1.a 此处第一次提到农场,应用不定冠词。
故答案为a。
2.a make a living是固定搭配,指“谋生”的意思。
故填a。
3.an 句意:他意识到他已经有一个多小时没见到他新养的小狗了。
修饰以元音音素开头的hour,用不定冠词an。
4.the 由后面的定语从句that I have ever seen可知most inspiring为形容词最高级,其前用定冠词the。
句意:这是我迄今为止看过的最鼓舞人心的电影了。
5.a 句意:他快到那座桥时,声音变得更大了。
然后他看到了凄惨的一幕景象。
设空处后的名词sight作“景象,情景”讲时,为可数名词,在本句中表泛指,故与不定冠词连用。
6.a “take a look(at...)”为固定短语,意为“看一看”。
句意:最近,当他查看他的藏书时,他发现了那本61年前借的旧书。
7.an 设空处后的idea为可数名词,在本句中表泛指,故设空处用不定冠词;设空处后的even以元音音素开头,故答案为an。
句意:但是,另外一位孩子的家长想出了一个甚至更好的主意——让全班的学生和Zejd一起学习手语。
8.the the same...as...意为“和……一样的……”。
句意:最严重的是,依赖智能手机交友并不能给我们带来与在现实世界交新朋友同样的益处。
9.a “a+比较级+名词”意为“更……的……”。
句意:为了让你们这一代生活在更好的世界里,我们这一代有很多事情可以做。
10.the 特指现代飞行中的奇迹,故用定冠词the。
[语篇强化练]A【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了世界上最长的跨海大桥的建造工作和意义。
1.was completed 考查时态和语态。
主语bridge与complete之间是被动关系,且由时间状语last week可知发生在过去,应该用一般过去时的被动语态,且主语是单数,故填was completed。
2.busiest 考查形容词最高级。
one of后接形容词最高级,故填busiest。
3.where 考查非限制性定语从句。
此处为非限制性定语从句,先行词为shipping routes,指地点,故用where,在从句中作地点状语。
4.protection 考查名词。
此处需要名词作enjoy的宾语,protect的名词形式是protection,是不可数名词,故填protection。
5.A 考查冠词。
此处泛指“一场盛大的仪式”,big是以辅音音素开头的单词,故填A。
6.its 考查代词。
此处指代前面的the construction,在句中修饰名词final stage用形容词性物主代词,故填its。
7.to build 考查非谓语动词。
由句子结构可知此处使用非谓语动词,此处是说足够建造60个埃菲尔铁塔,所以用不定式作结果状语,故填to build。
8.with 考查介词。
此处表示“带有,伴有”,故填介词with。
9.setting 考查非谓语动词。
由句子结构可知此处使用非谓语动词,主语Two floating cranes与set之间是逻辑上的主谓关系,表示主动,所以用动词-ing形式作状语,故填setting。
