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《Broadcasting, IEEE Transactions on》期刊第3页200条数据https:///academic-journal-foreign_broadcasting-ieee-transactions_info_128_1/1.《A New Blind SLM Scheme With Low Decoding Complexity for OFDM Systems》原文链接:https:///academic-journal-foreign_broadcasting-ieee-transactions_thesis/020*********.html2.《Implementation and Co-Simulation of Hybrid Pilot-Aided Channel Estimation With Decision Feedback Equalizer for OFDM Systems》原文链接:https:///academic-journal-foreign_broadcasting-ieee-transactions_thesis/020*********.html3.《A Depth-Aware Character Generator for 3DTV》原文链接:https:///academic-journal-foreign_broadcasting-ieee-transactions_thesis/020*********.html4.《Novel End-to-End Quality of Service Provisioning Algorithms for Multimedia Services in Virtualization-Based Future Internet》原文链接:https:///academic-journal-foreign_broadcasting-ieee-transactions_thesis/020*********.html5.《FPGA Design and Performance Evaluation of a Pulse-Based Echo Canceller for DVB-T/H》原文链接:https:///academic-journal-foreign_broadcasting-ieee-transactions_thesis/020*********.html6.《On the Provisioning of Mobile Digital Terrestrial TV Services to Vehicles With DVB-T》原文链接:https:///academic-journal-foreign_broadcasting-ieee-transactions_thesis/020*********.html7.《Reception Quality Prediction in a Single Frequency Network for the DTMB Standard》原文链接:https:///academic-journal-foreign_broadcasting-ieee-transactions_thesis/020*********.html8.《Signal-to-Noise Ratio Estimation Algorithm for Advanced DVB-RCS Systems》原文链接:https:///academic-journal-foreign_broadcasting-ieee-transactions_thesis/020*********.html9.《Augmented Data Transmission Based on Low Density Parity Check Code for the ATSC Terrestrial DTV System》原文链接:https:///academic-journal-foreign_broadcasting-ieee-transactions_thesis/020*********.html10.《Adaptive Digital Predistortion for Wideband High Crest Factor Applications Based on the WACP Optimization Objective: A Conceptual Overview》原文链接:https:///academic-journal-foreign_broadcasting-ieee-transactions_thesis/020*********.html11.《Initial-Estimation-Based Adaptive Carrier Recovery Scheme for DVB-S2 System》原文链接:https:///academic-journal-foreign_broadcasting-ieee-transactions_thesis/020*********.html12.《Quantifying Subjective Quality Evaluations for Mobile Video Watching in a Semi-Living Lab Context》原文链接:https:///academic-journal-foreign_broadcasting-ieee-transactions_thesis/020*********.html13.《Perceived 3D TV Transmission Quality Assessment: Multi-Laboratory Results Using Absolute Category Rating on Quality of Experience Scale》原文链接:https:///academic-journal-foreign_broadcasting-ieee-transactions_thesis/020*********.html14.《Efficient Pilot Patterns and Channel Estimations for MIMO-OFDM Systems》原文链接:https:///academic-journal-foreign_broadcasting-ieee-transactions_thesis/020*********.html15.《Coding Distortion Elimination of Virtual View Synthesis for 3D Video System: Theoretical Analyses and Implementation》原文链接:https:///academic-journal-foreign_broadcasting-ieee-transactions_thesis/020*********.html16.《An Efficient Nonlinear Companding Transform for Reducing PAPR of OFDM Signals》原文链接:https:///academic-journal-foreign_broadcasting-ieee-transactions_thesis/020*********.html17.《Saliency Inspired Full-Reference Quality Metrics for Packet-Loss-Impaired Video》原文链接:https:///academic-journal-foreign_broadcasting-ieee-transactions_thesis/020*********.html18.《Improved CIR-Based Receiver Design for DVB-T2 System in Large Delay Spread Channels: Synchronization and Equalization》原文链接:https:///academic-journal-foreign_broadcasting-ieee-transactions_thesis/020*********.html19.《High Power Amplifier Pre-Distorter Based on Neural-Fuzzy Systems for OFDM Signals》原文链接:https:///academic-journal-foreign_broadcasting-ieee-transactions_thesis/020*********.html20.《Performance Analysis of Inter-Layer Prediction in Scalable Video Coding Extension of H.264/AVC》原文链接:https:///academic-journal-foreign_broadcasting-ieee-transactions_thesis/020*********.html21.《Study of Rating Scales for Subjective Quality Assessment of High-Definition Video》原文链接:https:///academic-journal-foreign_broadcasting-ieee-transactions_thesis/020*********.html22.《Planning Factors for Digital Local Broadcasting in the 26 MHz Band》原文链接:https:///academic-journal-foreign_broadcasting-ieee-transactions_thesis/020*********.html23.《Peak-to-Average Power Ratio Reduction of OFDM Signals Using PTS Scheme With Low Computational Complexity》原文链接:https:///academic-journal-foreign_broadcasting-ieee-transactions_thesis/020*********.html24.《Feedback Cancellation for T-DMB Repeaters Based on Frequency-Domain Channel Estimation》原文链接:https:///academic-journal-foreign_broadcasting-ieee-transactions_thesis/020*********.html25.《Efficient Multi-Reference Frame Selection Algorithm for Hierarchical B Pictures in Multiview Video Coding》原文链接:https:///academic-journal-foreign_broadcasting-ieee-transactions_thesis/020*********.html26.《Performance Comparisons and Improvements of Channel Coding Techniques for Digital Satellite Broadcasting to Mobile Users》原文链接:https:///academic-journal-foreign_broadcasting-ieee-transactions_thesis/020*********.html27.《Burst-Aware Dynamic Rate Control for H.264/AVC Video Streaming》原文链接:https:///academic-journal-foreign_broadcasting-ieee-transactions_thesis/020*********.html28.《Helicopter-Based Digital Electronic News Gathering (H-DENG) System: Case Study and System Solution》原文链接:https:///academic-journal-foreign_broadcasting-ieee-transactions_thesis/020*********.html29.《Transmit Diversity for TDS-OFDM Broadcasting System Over Doubly Selective Fading Channels》原文链接:https:///academic-journal-foreign_broadcasting-ieee-transactions_thesis/020*********.html30.《Interference Cancellation Techniques for Digital On-Channel Repeaters in T-DMB System》原文链接:https:///academic-journal-foreign_broadcasting-ieee-transactions_thesis/020*********.html31.《Field Measurements of EM Radiation From In-House Power Line Telecommunications (PLT) Devices》原文链接:https:///academic-journal-foreign_broadcasting-ieee-transactions_thesis/020*********.html32.《A Novel Scheme of Joint Channel and Phase Noise Compensation for Chinese DTMB System》原文链接:https:///academic-journal-foreign_broadcasting-ieee-transactions_thesis/020*********.html33.《Path Loss Prediction for Mobile Digital TV Propagation Under Viaduct》原文链接:https:///academic-journal-foreign_broadcasting-ieee-transactions_thesis/020*********.html34.《Efficient Motion Vector Interpolation for Error Concealment of H.264/AVC》原文链接:https:///academic-journal-foreign_broadcasting-ieee-transactions_thesis/020*********.html35.《3D-TV Content Creation: Automatic 2D-to-3D Video Conversion》原文链接:https:///academic-journal-foreign_broadcasting-ieee-transactions_thesis/020*********.html36.《A Novel Rate Control Technique for Multiview Video Plus Depth Based 3D Video Coding》原文链接:https:///academic-journal-foreign_broadcasting-ieee-transactions_thesis/020*********.html37.《The Effect of Crosstalk on the Perceived Depth From Disparity and Monocular Occlusions》原文链接:https:///academic-journal-foreign_broadcasting-ieee-transactions_thesis/020*********.html38.《Semi-Automatic 2D-to-3D Conversion Using Disparity Propagation》原文链接:https:///academic-journal-foreign_broadcasting-ieee-transactions_thesis/020*********.html39.《Display-Independent 3D-TV Production and Delivery Using the Layered Depth Video Format》原文链接:https:///academic-journal-foreign_broadcasting-ieee-transactions_thesis/020*********.html40.《3DTV Roll-Out Scenarios: A DVB-T2 Approach》原文链接:https:///academic-journal-foreign_broadcasting-ieee-transactions_thesis/020*********.html41.《PAPR Reduction Using Low Complexity PTS to Construct of OFDM Signals Without Side Information》原文链接:https:///academic-journal-foreign_broadcasting-ieee-transactions_thesis/020*********.html42.《Quality-Oriented Multiple-Source Multimedia Delivery Over Heterogeneous Wireless Networks》原文链接:https:///academic-journal-foreign_broadcasting-ieee-transactions_thesis/020*********.html43.《Efficient PAPR Reduction in OFDM Systems Based on a Companding Technique With Trapezium Distribution》原文链接:https:///academic-journal-foreign_broadcasting-ieee-transactions_thesis/020*********.html44.《Objective Video Quality Assessment Methods: A Classification, Review, and Performance Comparison》原文链接:https:///academic-journal-foreign_broadcasting-ieee-transactions_thesis/020*********.html45.《Pixel Interlacing Based Video Transmission for Low-Complexity Intra-Frame Error Concealment》原文链接:https:///academic-journal-foreign_broadcasting-ieee-transactions_thesis/020*********.html46.《Fountain Codes With PAPR Constraint for Multicast Communications》原文链接:https:///academic-journal-foreign_broadcasting-ieee-transactions_thesis/020*********.html47.《RF Watermark Backward Compatibility Tests for the ATSC Terrestrial DTV Receivers》原文链接:https:///academic-journal-foreign_broadcasting-ieee-transactions_thesis/020*********.html48.《61st Annual IEEE Broadcast Symposium — Save the Date》原文链接:https:///academic-journal-foreign_broadcasting-ieee-transactions_thesis/020*********.html49.《Evaluation of Asymmetric Stereo Video Coding and Rate Scaling for Adaptive 3D Video Streaming》原文链接:https:///academic-journal-foreign_broadcasting-ieee-transactions_thesis/020*********.html50.《Stereoscopic Perceptual Video Coding Based on Just-Noticeable-Distortion Profile》原文链接:https:///academic-journal-foreign_broadcasting-ieee-transactions_thesis/020*********.html51.《A Depth Information Based Fast Mode Decision Algorithm for Color Plus Depth-Map 3D Videos》原文链接:https:///academic-journal-foreign_broadcasting-ieee-transactions_thesis/020*********.html52.《3D-TV Production From Conventional Cameras for Sports Broadcast》原文链接:https:///academic-journal-foreign_broadcasting-ieee-transactions_thesis/020*********.html53.《A Digital Blind Watermarking for Depth-Image-Based Rendering 3D Images》原文链接:https:///academic-journal-foreign_broadcasting-ieee-transactions_thesis/020*********.html54.《Object-Based 2D-to-3D Video Conversion for Effective Stereoscopic Content Generation in 3D-TV Applications》原文链接:https:///academic-journal-foreign_broadcasting-ieee-transactions_thesis/020*********.html55.《3D-TV Content Storage and Transmission》原文链接:https:///academic-journal-foreign_broadcasting-ieee-transactions_thesis/020*********.html56.《New Depth Coding Techniques With Utilization of Corresponding Video》原文链接:https:///academic-journal-foreign_broadcasting-ieee-transactions_thesis/020*********.html57.《3DTV Broadcasting and Distribution Systems》原文链接:https:///academic-journal-foreign_broadcasting-ieee-transactions_thesis/020*********.html58.《Boundary Artifact Reduction in View Synthesis of 3D Video: From Perspective of Texture-Depth Alignment》原文链接:https:///academic-journal-foreign_broadcasting-ieee-transactions_thesis/020*********.html59.《Stereoscopic 3D-TV: Visual Comfort》原文链接:https:///academic-journal-foreign_broadcasting-ieee-transactions_thesis/020*********.html60.《A Novel Inpainting-Based Layered Depth Video for 3DTV》原文链接:https:///academic-journal-foreign_broadcasting-ieee-transactions_thesis/020*********.html61.《3D-TV R&D Activities in Europe》原文链接:https:///academic-journal-foreign_broadcasting-ieee-transactions_thesis/020*********.html62.《A Directional-View and Sound System Using a Tracking Method》原文链接:https:///academic-journal-foreign_broadcasting-ieee-transactions_thesis/020*********.html63.《Joint Maximum Likelihood Estimation of Carrier and Sampling Frequency Offsets for OFDM Systems》原文链接:https:///academic-journal-foreign_broadcasting-ieee-transactions_thesis/020*********.html64.《Perceptual Issues in Stereoscopic Signal Processing》原文链接:https:///academic-journal-foreign_broadcasting-ieee-transactions_thesis/020*********.html65.《Performance Evaluation of Multimedia Content Distribution Over Multi-Homed Wireless Networks》原文链接:https:///academic-journal-foreign_broadcasting-ieee-transactions_thesis/020*********.html66.《The Relationship Among Video Quality, Screen Resolution, and Bit Rate》原文链接:https:///academic-journal-foreign_broadcasting-ieee-transactions_thesis/020*********.html67.《Corrections to “Efficient Motion Vector Interpolation f or Error Concealment of H.264/AVC”》原文链接:https:///academic-journal-foreign_broadcasting-ieee-transactions_thesis/020*********.html68.《PAPR Reduction of OFDM Signals by PTS With Grouping and Recursive Phase Weighting Methods》原文链接:https:///academic-journal-foreign_broadcasting-ieee-transactions_thesis/020*********.html69.《Improve the Performance of LDPC Coded QAM by Selective Bit Mapping in Terrestrial Broadcasting System》原文链接:https:///academic-journal-foreign_broadcasting-ieee-transactions_thesis/020*********.html70.《The Importance of Visual Attention in Improving the 3D-TV Viewing Experience: Overview and New Perspectives》原文链接:https:///academic-journal-foreign_broadcasting-ieee-transactions_thesis/020*********.html71.《Co-Channel Analog Television Interference in the TDS-OFDM-Based DTTB System: Consequences and Solutions》原文链接:https:///academic-journal-foreign_broadcasting-ieee-transactions_thesis/020*********.html72.《Prediction and Transmission Optimization of Video Guaranteeing a Bounded Zapping-Delay in DVB-H》原文链接:https:///academic-journal-foreign_broadcasting-ieee-transactions_thesis/020*********.html73.《IBC2011 Experience the Future》原文链接:https:///academic-journal-foreign_broadcasting-ieee-transactions_thesis/020*********.html74.《61st Annual IEEE Broadcast Symposium — Save the Date》原文链接:https:///academic-journal-foreign_broadcasting-ieee-transactions_thesis/020*********.html75.《A 2$times$2 MIMO DVB-T2 System: Design, New Channel Estimation Scheme and Measurements With Polarization Diversity》原文链接:https:///academic-journal-foreign_broadcasting-ieee-transactions_thesis/020*********.html76.《A Pilot Symbol Pattern Enabling Data Recovery Without Side Information in PTS-Based OFDM Systems》原文链接:https:///academic-journal-foreign_broadcasting-ieee-transactions_thesis/020*********.html77.《Efficient Incremental Raptor Decoding Over BEC for 3GPP MBMS and DVB IP-Datacast Services》原文链接:https:///academic-journal-foreign_broadcasting-ieee-transactions_thesis/020*********.html78.《Spatio-Temporally Consistent Novel View Synthesis Algorithm From Video-Plus-Depth Sequences for Autostereoscopic Displays》原文链接:https:///academic-journal-foreign_broadcasting-ieee-transactions_thesis/020*********.html79.《IBC2011 Experience the Future》原文链接:https:///academic-journal-foreign_broadcasting-ieee-transactions_thesis/020*********.html80.《Evaluation of Stereoscopic Images: Beyond 2D Quality》原文链接:https:///academic-journal-foreign_broadcasting-ieee-transactions_thesis/020*********.html81.《An Evaluation of Parameterized Gradient Based Routing With QoE Monitoring for Multiple IPTV Providers》原文链接:https:///academic-journal-foreign_broadcasting-ieee-transactions_thesis/020*********.html82.《Three-Dimensional Displays: A Review and Applications Analysis》原文链接:https:///academic-journal-foreign_broadcasting-ieee-transactions_thesis/020*********.html83.《Guest Editorial Special Issue on 3D-TV Horizon: Contents, Systems, and Visual Perception》原文链接:https:///academic-journal-foreign_broadcasting-ieee-transactions_thesis/020*********.html84.《LIVE: An Integrated Production and Feedback System for Intelligent and Interactive TV Broadcasting》原文链接:https:///academic-journal-foreign_broadcasting-ieee-transactions_thesis/020*********.html85.《$MS^{2}$ : A New Real-Time Multi-Source Mobile-Streaming Architecture》原文链接:https:///academic-journal-foreign_broadcasting-ieee-transactions_thesis/020*********.html86.《A Reverse-Order Scheduling Scheme for Broadcasting Continuous Multimedia Data Over a Single Channel》原文链接:https:///academic-journal-foreign_broadcasting-ieee-transactions_thesis/020*********.html87.《An Automatic Recommendation Scheme of TV Program Contents for (IP)TV Personalization》原文链接:https:///academic-journal-foreign_broadcasting-ieee-transactions_thesis/020*********.html88.《Irregular Mapping and its Application in Bit-Interleaved LDPC Coded Modulation With Iterative Demapping and Decoding》原文链接:https:///academic-journal-foreign_broadcasting-ieee-transactions_thesis/020*********.html89.《Time Diversity in Mobile DVB-T2 Systems》原文链接:https:///academic-journal-foreign_broadcasting-ieee-transactions_thesis/020*********.html90.《An Audio Quality Evaluation of Commercial Digital Radio Systems》原文链接:https:///academic-journal-foreign_broadcasting-ieee-transactions_thesis/020*********.html91.《Spectral Geometry Image: Image Based 3D Models for Digital Broadcasting Applications》原文链接:https:///academic-journal-foreign_broadcasting-ieee-transactions_thesis/020*********.html92.《Novel Approach to Support Multimedia Services Over DTMB System》原文链接:https:///academic-journal-foreign_broadcasting-ieee-transactions_thesis/020*********.html93.《Collaborative Content Fetching Using MAC Layer Multicast in Wireless Mobile Networks》原文链接:https:///academic-journal-foreign_broadcasting-ieee-transactions_thesis/020*********.html94.《Energy-Efficient Transmission for Protection of Incumbent Users》原文链接:https:///academic-journal-foreign_broadcasting-ieee-transactions_thesis/020*********.html95.《Normalization Factor of Hierarchically Modulated Symbols for Advanced T-DMB System》原文链接:https:///academic-journal-foreign_broadcasting-ieee-transactions_thesis/020*********.html96.《Pooling-Based Intra Prediction Mode Coding for Mobile Video Applications》原文链接:https:///academic-journal-foreign_broadcasting-ieee-transactions_thesis/020*********.html97.《A Suboptimal Tone Reservation Algorithm Based on Cross-Entropy Method for PAPR Reduction in OFDM Systems》原文链接:https:///academic-journal-foreign_broadcasting-ieee-transactions_thesis/020*********.html98.《A Measurement Method of the DTMB Modulator》原文链接:https:///academic-journal-foreign_broadcasting-ieee-transactions_thesis/020*********.html99.《Interference Elimination for Chinese DTMB System With Transmit Diversity》原文链接:https:///academic-journal-foreign_broadcasting-ieee-transactions_thesis/020*********.html100.《61st Annual IEEE Broadcast Symposium》原文链接:https:///academic-journal-foreign_broadcasting-ieee-transactions_thesis/020*********.html101.《IBC2011 Experience the Future》原文链接:https:///academic-journal-foreign_broadcasting-ieee-transactions_thesis/020*********.html102.《A Low-Complexity SLM Scheme Using Additive Mapping Sequences for PAPR Reduction of OFDM Signals》原文链接:https:///academic-journal-foreign_broadcasting-ieee-transactions_thesis/020*********.html103.《Illumination-Sensitive Background Modeling Approach for Accurate Moving Object Detection》原文链接:https:///academic-journal-foreign_broadcasting-ieee-transactions_thesis/020*********.html104.《Coordinating Allocation of Resources for Multiple Virtual IPTV Providers to Maximize Revenue》原文链接:https:///academic-journal-foreign_broadcasting-ieee-transactions_thesis/020*********.html105.《Inter-Sequence Error Concealment Techniques for Multi-Broadcast TV Reception》原文链接:https:///academic-journal-foreign_broadcasting-ieee-transactions_thesis/020*********.html106.《Performance Evaluation of the DVB-RCT Standard for Interactive Services》原文链接:https:///academic-journal-foreign_broadcasting-ieee-transactions_thesis/020*********.html107.《An Efficient Predistorter Design for Compensating Nonlinear Memory High Power Amplifiers》原文链接:https:///academic-journal-foreign_broadcasting-ieee-transactions_thesis/020*********.html108.《Accurate BER Analysis of OFDM Systems Over Static Frequency-Selective Multipath Fading Channels》原文链接:https:///academic-journal-foreign_broadcasting-ieee-transactions_thesis/020*********.html109.《A Frame-Related Approach for Performance Improvement of MPE-FEC in DVB-H》原文链接:https:///academic-journal-foreign_broadcasting-ieee-transactions_thesis/020*********.html110.《Balanced Multiple Description Coding for 3D DCT Video》原文链接:https:///academic-journal-foreign_broadcasting-ieee-transactions_thesis/020*********.html111.《Performance Validation of the DVB-SH Standard for Satellite/Terrestrial Hybrid Mobile Broadcasting Networks》原文链接:https:///academic-journal-foreign_broadcasting-ieee-transactions_thesis/020*********.html112.《An Improved Tone Reservation Scheme With Fast Convergence for PAPR Reduction in OFDM Systems》原文链接:https:///academic-journal-foreign_broadcasting-ieee-transactions_thesis/020*********.html113.《Metaheuristic Procedure to Optimize Transmission Delays in DVB-T Single Frequency Networks》原文链接:https:///academic-journal-foreign_broadcasting-ieee-transactions_thesis/020*********.html114.《Adaptive Resource Allocation for MIMO-OFDM Based Wireless Multicast Systems》原文链接:https:///academic-journal-foreign_broadcasting-ieee-transactions_thesis/020*********.html115.《An Analytical Approach for Performance Evaluation of Hybrid (Broadcast/Mobile) Networks》原文链接:https:///academic-journal-foreign_broadcasting-ieee-transactions_thesis/020*********.html116.《Cost-Aware Wireless Data Broadcasting》原文链接:https:///academic-journal-foreign_broadcasting-ieee-transactions_thesis/020*********.html117.《Subspace-Based Semi-Blind Channel Estimation in Uplink OFDMA Systems》原文链接:https:///academic-journal-foreign_broadcasting-ieee-transactions_thesis/020*********.html118.《Performance of the Consumer ATSC-DTV Receivers in the Presence of Single or Double Interference on Adjacent/Taboo Channels》原文链接:https:///academic-journal-foreign_broadcasting-ieee-transactions_thesis/020*********.html119.《A Cooperative Cellular and Broadcast Conditional Access System for Pay-TV Systems》原文链接:https:///academic-journal-foreign_broadcasting-ieee-transactions_thesis/020*********.html120.《A Narrow-Angle Directional Microphone With Suppressed Rear Sensitivity》原文链接:https:///academic-journal-foreign_broadcasting-ieee-transactions_thesis/020*********.html121.《Peak-to-Average Power Ratio Reduction in OFDM Systems Using All-Pass Filters》原文链接:https:///academic-journal-foreign_broadcasting-ieee-transactions_thesis/020*********.html122.《Development of Advanced Terrestrial DMB System》原文链接:https:///academic-journal-foreign_broadcasting-ieee-transactions_thesis/020*********.html123.《HDTV Subjective Quality of H.264 vs. MPEG-2, With and Without Packet Loss》原文链接:https:///academic-journal-foreign_broadcasting-ieee-transactions_thesis/020*********.html124.《Estimation of RF Electromagnetic Levels Around TV Broadcast Antennas Using Fuzzy Logic》原文链接:https:///academic-journal-foreign_broadcasting-ieee-transactions_thesis/020*********.html125.《Statistical Multiplexing for Digital Audio Broadcasting Applications》原文链接:https:///academic-journal-foreign_broadcasting-ieee-transactions_thesis/020*********.html126.《A Composite PN-Correlation Based Synchronizer for TDS-OFDM Receiver》原文链接:https:///academic-journal-foreign_broadcasting-ieee-transactions_thesis/020*********.html127.《Application of Quantum-Inspired Evolutionary Algorithm to Reduce PAPRof an OFDM Signal Using Partial Transmit Sequences Technique》原文链接:https:///academic-journal-foreign_broadcasting-ieee-transactions_thesis/020*********.html128.《Improved Decoding Algorithm of Bit-Interleaved Coded Modulation for LDPC Code》原文链接:https:///academic-journal-foreign_broadcasting-ieee-transactions_thesis/020*********.html129.《Precoding for PAPR Reduction of OFDM Signals With Minimum Error Probability》原文链接:https:///academic-journal-foreign_broadcasting-ieee-transactions_thesis/020*********.html130.《Network Design and Field Application of ATSC Distributed Translators》原文链接:https:///academic-journal-foreign_broadcasting-ieee-transactions_thesis/020*********.html131.《On the Channel and Signal Cross Correlation of Downlink and Uplink Mobile UHF DTV Channels With Antenna Diversity》原文链接:https:///academic-journal-foreign_broadcasting-ieee-transactions_thesis/020*********.html132.《Performance Evaluation of TV Over Broadband Wireless Access Networks》原文链接:https:///academic-journal-foreign_broadcasting-ieee-transactions_thesis/020*********.html133.《IBC2010 Experience the State-of-the-Art》原文链接:https:///academic-journal-foreign_broadcasting-ieee-transactions_thesis/020*********.html134.《Peak-to-Average Power Ratio Reduction of OFDM Signals With Nonlinear Companding Scheme》原文链接:https:///academic-journal-foreign_broadcasting-ieee-transactions_thesis/020*********.html135.《Motion-Compensated Frame Rate Up-Conversion—Part I: Fast Multi-Frame Motion Estimation》原文链接:https:///academic-journal-foreign_broadcasting-ieee-transactions_thesis/020*********.html136.《Comments on Equation (4) in “Single Frequency Networks in DTV”》原文链接:https:///academic-journal-foreign_broadcasting-ieee-transactions_thesis/020*********.html137.《Motion-Compensated Frame Rate Up-Conversion—Part II: New Algorithms for Frame Interpolation》原文链接:https:///academic-journal-foreign_broadcasting-ieee-transactions_thesis/020*********.html138.《A Novel Equalization Scheme 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在对Wi-Fi产品的EVM指标测试过程中，我们经常看到有一个Full Packet的选项，无论是Agilent还是Litepoint的仪器。
当勾选Full Packet这个参数时，会发现EVM会提升2-3dB，我见过最多的可以提升4-6dB。
显而易见，这个参数影响巨大。
在查阅了一些资料以后，我想简单说明一下。
首先，在一个以OFDM 为调制架构的系统如802.11a，对于频率偏移(frequency offset)是很敏感的。
这个频率偏移造成的原因主因有两个，第一是因为传送端的频率震荡器(oscillator)和接收端的频率震荡器没有相同频率所造成。
第二是因为mobile 端的移动造成多普勒效应(Doppler Effect)。
因为频率偏移对OFDM 系统会产生ICI，这会使得系统效能大幅降低，因此解决频率偏移的问题对于802.11a等OFDM 的传输系统相当地重要。
在802.11a 的系统里，它是采用了training sequence 的方式来达到频率同步的目的。
它的做法就是在要传输真正的数据前先送一段training sequence 也就是我现在要介绍的preamble，利用preamble 在接收端可以侦测出现在频率的偏移量是多少，再将它予以更正。
Training sequence 的设计方法有很多种，在802.11a 里它是把training sequence 分成两个部分，第一部份是short sequence，里面包含了10 个相同的小symbol，而这10 个小symbol 可以对burst mode 的系统作frame synchronization以及对频率粗调(coarse synchronization)。
第二部分是long sequence，里面则包含了2 个相同较长的symbol。
这个long sequence 可以做信道预估(channel estimation)以及对频率部分做细调的动作(fine synchronization)。
天津大学信息与通信工程考研复习辅导资料及导师分数线信息天津大学信息与通信工程考研科目包括政治、外语、数学一以及通信原理、信号与系统。
主要研究方向分为两个，方向一考试科目为通信原理，方向二考试科目为信号与系统，此专业是报考人数较多的专业，考生需进一步把握备考方向。
考试科目备注专业代码、名称及研究方向081000信息与通信工程①101思想政治理论②201英语一③301数学一④814通信原理①101思想政治理论②201英语一③301数学一④815信号与系统天津大学信息与通信工程考研录取情况院（系、所） 专业 报考人数 录取人数信息与通信工程506 95 电子信息工程学院（2012年）信息与通信工程463 92 电子信息工程学院（2013年）天津大学信息与通信工程2012年的报考人数为506人，录取人数为95人，2013年的报考人数为463人，录取人数为92人。
由真题可以发现，现在考点涉及的广度和深度不断扩宽和加深。
由天津考研网签约的天津大学在读本硕博团队搜集整理了天津大学电子信息工程学院信息与通信工程考研全套复习资料，帮助考生梳理知识点并构建知识框架。
真题解析部分将真题按照知识点划分，条理清晰的呈现在同学们眼前。
然后根据各个考点的近几年真题解析，让同学对热点、难点了然于胸。
只有做到了对真题规律和趋势的把握，8—10月底的提高复习才能有的放矢、事半功倍！天津大学电子信息工程学院信息与通信工程考研导师信息刘开华纵向课题经费课题名称情境感知服务位置信息获取机理与算法2009-01-01--2011-12-31负责人:刘开华科技计划:国家基金委拨款单位:国家基金委合同经费:32 课题名称智能航空铅封技术研究2010-01-01--2012-12-31 负责人:刘开华科技计划:天津市科技支撑计划重点项目拨款单位:天津市科学技术委员会合同经费:50 横向课题经费课题名称基于相位法的RFID定位技术2013-01-01--2013-12-31 负责人:刘开华科技计划: 拨款单位:中兴通信有限公司合同经费:16课题名称基于ADoc芯片组的产品开发2008-09-01--2009-08-31 负责人:刘开华科技计划: 拨款单位:THOMSON宽带研发（北京）有限公司合同经费:6.3 期刊、会议论文Tan, Lingling; Bai, Yu; Teng, Jianfu; Liu, Kaihua; Meng, WenqingTrans-Impedance Filter Synthesis Based on Nodal Admittance Matrix Expansion CIRCUITS SYSTEMS AND SIGNAL PROCESSINGnullTan, Lingling; Liu, Kaihua; Bai, Yu; Teng, Jianfu Construction of CDBA and CDTA behavioral models and the applications in symbolic circuits analysis ANALOG INTEGRATED CIRCUITS AND SIGNAL PROCESSINGnullMa Yongtao，Zhou Liuji，Liu Kaihua A Subcarrier-Pair Based Resource AllocationScheme Using SensorsnullMa Yongtao，Zhou Liuji，Liu Kaihua, Wang Jinlong Iterative Phase Reconstruction and Weighted IEEE sensorsnull罗蓬，刘开华，闫格基于FrFT能量重心谱校正的LFM信号参数估计信号处理null 潘勇, 刘开华，等 A novel printed microstrip antenna with frequency reconfigurable characteristics for Bluetooth/WLAN/WiMAX applications Microwave and Optical Technology Lettersnull阎格，刘开华，吕西午基于分数阶Fourier变换的新型时频滤波器设计哈尔滨工业大学学报nullLin Zhu, Kaihua Liu, Zhang Qijun, Yongtao Ma and Bo Peng An enhanced analytical Neuro-Space Mapping method for large-signal microwave device modeling null罗蓬，刘开华，于洁潇，马永涛一种相干宽带线性调频信号的波达方向估计新方法通信学报nullLin Zhu, Yongtao Ma, Qijun Zhang and Kaihua Liu An enhanced Neuro-Space Mapping method for nonlinear device modeling nullYue Cui, Kaihua Liu, Junfeng Wang Direction-of-arrival estimation for coherent GPS signals based on oblique projection Signal ProcessingnullLV Xi-wu, LIU Kai-hua, et al. Efficient solution of additional base stations in time-of-arrival positioning systems Electronics Lettersnull省部级以上获奖刘开华；等数字电视接收系统、软件技术的研发与应用”天津市科技进步奖三等奖2011-04-29李华；刘开华；等数字视频压缩与码流测试技术的研发及应用天津市科技进步奖二等奖2009-04-29知识产权刘开华, 于洁潇高速公路上车辆的车速和相对位置实时测量系统及方法刘开华；潘勇；于洁潇；陈征一种基于无联网的车载自动实时监控远程终端刘开华，黄翔东，于洁潇，王兆华，闫格基于相位差测距的RFID无线定位方法王安国纵向课题经费课题名称基带处理与天线协同2007-07-16--2011-11-16 负责人:王安国科技计划:国家科技部拨款单位:财政部合同经费:157.41课题名称无线网络多源稀疏协作编码研究2011-01-01--2013-12-31 负责人:韩昌彩科技计划:国家基金委拨款单位:国家基金委合同经费:20横向课题经费课题名称具有波束多选择性的多频段可重构天线研究2013-01-01--2014-12-31 负责人:王安国科技计划: 拨款单位:东南大学毫米波国家重点实验室合同经费:5课题名称双方向图算法在室内定位中的应用2012-01-01--2012-12-31 负责人:冷文科技计划: 拨款单位:中兴通讯股份有限公司合同经费:14.5期刊、会议论文马宁王安国姬雨初石和平Cooperative Space Shift Keying for Multiple-Relay Network IEEE Communications Lettersnull裴静王安国高顺,冷文Miniaturized Triple-Band Antenna With a Defected Ground Plane for WLAN/WiMAX Applications IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Lettersnull赵国煌王安国冷文陈彬陈华Wideband internal antenna with coupled feeding for 4G mobile phone Microwave and Optical 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missile ATE null张立毅，Haiqing Cheng,李锵，滕建辅 A research of forward neural network blind equalization algorithm based on momentum term null张立毅，李锵，滕建辅 A New Adaptive Variable Step-size Blind Equalization Algorithm Based on Forward Neural Network nullYutao Ma,李锵，Chao Li，Kun Li，滕建辅Design of active transimpedanceband-pass filters with different Q values International Journal of Electronicsnull 夏静静，李锵,刘浩澧，Wen-shiang Chen,Po-Hsiang Tsui An Approach for the Visualization of Temperature Distribution in Tissues According to Changes in Ultrasonic Backscattered Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicinenull 耿晓楠，李锵，崔博翔，王荞茵，刘浩澧超声温度影像与弹性成像监控组织射频消融南方医科大学学报null谭玲玲, 李锵, 李瑞杰, 滕建辅Design of transimpedance low-pass filters International Journal of Electronicsnull李锵，李秋颖，关欣基于听觉图像的音乐流派自动分类天津大学学报（自然科学与工程技术版）nullChong Zhou, Wei Pang, 李锵, Hongyu Yu, Xiaotang Hu, HaoZhang, Extracting the Electromechanical Coupling Constant of Piezoelectric Thin Film by the High-Tone Bulk Acoustic Resonator IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Controlnull朱琳, 李锵, 刘开华基于ADS的声表面波单端对谐振器建模压电与声光null董丽梦, 李锵, 关欣基于稀疏表示分类器的音乐和弦识别系统研究计算机工程与应用null关欣，李锵，田洪伟基于差分全相位MFCC的音符起点自动检测计算机工程null 关欣，李锵，郭继昌，滕建辅二、四阶组合时延统计量多乐器盲分离计算机工程与应用null杨甲沛, 李锵, 刘郑, 袁晓琳基于自适应学习速率的改进型BP算法研究计算机工程与应用null李锵, 张法朝, 张瑞峰System design of DPF data recorder and data analysisnull李锵, 袁晓琳, 杨甲沛Application of ant colony algorithm in the optimization of the time environmental conversion factor of the reliability models null 张立毅，白煜，李锵，滕建辅复数系统中五二阶归一化积累盲均衡算法的研究通信学报null郭继昌，关欣，李锵，刘志杨红外图像预处理系统中模拟视频输出时序设计电子技术应用null关欣，滕建辅，李锵，苏育挺，Wang Shu-Yan Blind source separation combining time-delayed second and fourth order statistics 天津大学学报（自然科学与工程技术版）null张立毅，李锵，滕建辅复数系统中三、二阶归一化累积量盲均衡算法的研究计算机工程与应用null张立毅，李锵，滕建辅经典盲均衡算法中稳态剩余误差的分析天津大学学报null 滕建辅，董健，李锵，关欣Design of maximally flat FIR filters based on explicit formulas combined with optimization 天津大学学报（英文版）null郭继昌，陈敏俊，李锵，关欣红外焦平面失效元处理方法及软硬件实现光电工程null 马杰，王昕，李锵，滕建辅基于特征值和奇异值分解方法的盲分离天津大学学报（自然科学与工程技术版）null李锵，郭继昌，关欣，滕建辅基于通用DSP的红外焦平面视频图像数字预处理系统天津大学学报（自然科学与工程技术版）null李锵，郭继昌，关欣，刘航，童央群基于DSP的红外焦平面视频图像数字处理系统的设计测控技术null马杰，滕建辅，李锵具有参考噪声源的多路传感器信号盲分离方法测控技术null 周郭飞，李锵，滕建辅微带扇形分支线在低通滤波器设计中应用电子测量技术null 李锵，滕建辅，李士心，肖志涛小波域Wiener滤波器信号的去噪方法天津大学学报（自然科学与工程技术版）null肖志涛，于明，李锵，唐红梅，国澄明Log Gabor小波性能分析及其在相位一致性中应用天津大学学报（自然科学与工程技术版）null罗批，李锵，郭继昌，滕建辅Improved genetic algorithm and its performance analysis 天津大学学报（英文版）null罗批，郭继昌，李锵，滕建辅一种实用的电子线路参数优化算法电路与系统学报null 罗批，李锵，郭继昌，滕建辅基于偏最小二乘回归建模的探讨天津大学学报null 知识产权李锵，闫志勇，关欣一种结合SVM和增强型PCP特征的和弦识别方法中国2014100089231李锵, 冯亚楠, 关欣基于Teager能量熵的音符切分方法学术专著(关欣, 杨爱萍, 白煜, 李锵), 信号检测与估计:理论与应用（译著）, 电子工业出版社2012-01-31(白煜, 李锵), 模拟集成电路设计的艺术(译著), 人民邮电出版社2010-11-04(李锵，周进等), 无线通信基础（译著）, 人民邮电出版社2007-06-30(李锵，董健，关欣，鲍虎), 数字通信（原书第2版）（译著）, 机械工业出版社2006-02-28(张为，关欣，刘艳艳，李锵), 电子电路设计基础（译著）, 电子工业出版社2005-10-01(张雅绮，李锵等), Verilog HDL高级数字设计（译著）, 电子工业出版社2005-01-31(李锵，侯春萍，赵宇), 网络（原书第2版）（译著）, 机械工业出版社2004-11-30(李锵，郭继昌), 无线通信与网络, 电子工业出版社2004-06-30本文内容摘自《天津大学814通信原理考研红宝书》，更多考研资料可登陆网站下载！。
一种高精度的Rife算法龚岳洲;周新力;孙小东;孟庆萍【摘要】针对无线数字通信中的载波频偏估计问题,提出一种改进的Rife算法.分析了在Rife算法中估计精度不高的原因,提出了改进方法.利用Rife算法得到频率粗估计,利用自相关函数法得到精估计的方法,只以一定复杂度的代价,提高了Rife 算法的估计精度,同时保持了Rife算法估计范围广和复杂度低的优势.给出了改进算法的实现步骤,通过MATLAB仿真实验证明了算法的有效性.【期刊名称】《无线电工程》【年(卷),期】2013(043)002【总页数】5页(P30-33,37)【关键词】载波同步;频偏估计;突发同步;Rife算法【作者】龚岳洲;周新力;孙小东;孟庆萍【作者单位】海军航空工程学院,山东烟台264001;海军航空工程学院,山东烟台264001;海军航空工程学院,山东烟台264001;海军航空工程学院,山东烟台264001【正文语种】中文【中图分类】TN9110 引言在无线通信中，由于不可避免地受到多普勒频移和本地载波误差的影响，接收端的本地载波频率会发生偏移，致使接收信号的载波和发送端的载波存在一定的误差，如果不消除这种误差，将会严重影响通信系统相干解调，使通信系统的性能退化，所以接收机必须对频偏进行补偿达到载波同步[1]。
文献[2]给出了在高斯白噪声中对正弦波信号频率进行最大似然估计算法(Maximum Likelihood Estimation，MLE)，估计误差的方差达到了克拉美罗限，因此是最优估计。
由于MLE算法计算量大，难以实时进行处理。
因此提出了很多基于最大似然估计的简化算法，Kay在1989年提出了经典的Kay算法[3]，Kay算法相对于最大似然估计(MLE)算法在计算复杂度有了很大简化，但是存在较高的信噪比门限(6 dB)，当接收端信噪比小于该门限时，性能急剧恶化，没有达到工程应用的要求。
而针对Kay算法高信噪比门限的缺点，文献[4]提出了L＆R算法，L ＆R算法也是基于最大似然算法的简化算法，具有很低信噪比门限(－10 dB)，完全能满足工程应用要求，但频偏估计范围过窄，也不适合运用于工程上。
专利名称：Blind Channel Estimation, Tracking, andEqualizing for OFDM based communications 发明人：MUCK, Markus,DE COURVILLE,Marc,DEBBAH, Merouane申请号：EP03813028.2申请日：20031030公开号：EP1559252B1公开日：20150617专利内容由知识产权出版社提供摘要：A method of communication using Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (“OFDM”) comprises generating bit streams (bn∈(0,1),n=0,1,…,K-1) and the corresponding sets of frequency domain carrier amplitudes (XO(k) to XN(k)), where k is the OFDM symbol number, modulated as OFDM symbols to be transmitted from a transmitter. Prefixes are inserted as guard intervals in the sample streams and the OFDM symbols are transmitted from the transmitter to a receiver. The receiver uses information from the prefixes to estimate the Channel Impulse Response (H(F)D) of the transmission channels and uses the estimated Channel Impulse Response (Ĥ(F)D) to demodulate the bit streams in the signals received. The prefixes (αk.co to αk.cD-1) are deterministic and are known to the receiver as well as to the transmitter. Preferably, the prefixes (αk.co to αk.cD-1) comprise a vector (PD) that is common to said symbols multiplied by at least one weighting factor (αk). The weighting factor (αk) preferably differs from one symbol to another but the elements of a given vector (PD) are multiplied by the same weighting factor. Preferably, the weighting factor (αk) has a complex pseudo-random value.申请人：MOTOROLA MOBILITY LLC地址：US国籍：US代理机构：Jepsen, René Pihl 更多信息请下载全文后查看。
导频序列和训练序列的区别导频序列和训练序列的区别导频和训练符号的作用都是为了得到准确符号同步和频偏纠正。
导频是在ofdm符号的若干载波上传输的是已知的数据。
训练序列是在发送数据之前，发送的一串已知的数据。
训练序列就是在发送的数据帧前面含有一部分已知道的码元，用于接受端的同步和信道估计，它是在时域上的处理；导频是在一个固定的频率上一直发已知的信号，在频谱上看多了一条线，是频域上的处理练序列一般在形式上表现为一个或多个连续的符号，在802.11和16中的preamble实际上就是由多个相同的训练符号组成的。
训练序列的作用主要是用来进行时间和频率同步，在训练符号中一般不包括有用的数据。
导频单元形式上是散布在整个的时频单元上的，作用主要是信道估计和同步。
所以从形式上来看，训练序列是在帧的开头并且连续的，导频是散布在整个帧中是离散的。
我个人认为块状导频就相当于训练序列。
其实这两者的区别还是在作用上，训练序列主要还是为了快速的实现同步训练序列一般用于同步检测，而导频符号则用于信到估计我们用golden码做训练序列导频一般不用块导频吧，这样相当于降低了有用信号速率，当然块导频比较容易实现训练序列一般是在发射的数据符号之间间隔插入，可以是一个或者多个连续的OFDM符号。
可以在频域插入也可以在时域插入，插入的目的是为了同步和信道估计。
导频只能是频域插入，一般为发射和接收端已知。
像DVB-T中的插入形式，可以是连续导频，也可以是离散导频。
插入的目的同样是为了同步和信道估计。
如ef2000mk1所说，我也认为块状导频就相当于训练序列几种不同的回答，仅供参考In data aided channel estimation, known information to the receiver is inserted in OFDM symbols so that the current channel can be estimated. Two techniques are commonly used: sending known information over one ormore OFDM symbols with no data being sent, or sending known information together with the data. The previous arrangement is usually called channel estimation with trainingsymbols while the latter is called pilots aided channel estimation.Channel estimation employing training symbols periodically sends training symbols so that the channel estimates are updated. In some cases training symbols can be sent once, and the channel estimation can then be followed by decision directed type channel estimation.In the pilots aided channel estimation, the pilots are multiplexed with the data. For time domain estimation, the CIR is estimated first. The estimate of the CIR are then passed through a FFT operation to get the channel at each subcarrier for the equalization in frequency domain. For frequency domain estimation, the channel ateach pilot is estimated, and then these estimates are interpolated via different methods.导频符号可以安插在OFDM的时间和频率二维结构内，假设不考虑MIMO，只要在两个方向的导频密度满足二维Nyquist定理，就可以精确估计信道的时变和衰落特性，因此能够适应快衰落信道。
第27卷第10期强激光与粒子束V o l.27,N o.10 2015年10月H I G H P OW E R L A S E R A N D P A R T I C L E B E AM S O c t.,2015B l i n d c a r r i e r f r e q u e n c y e s t i m a t i o n f o rp h a s e s h i f t k e y i n g s i g n a l s i n l o ws i g n a l t on o i s e r a t i o*W a n g X i a o f e n g1, Z h a n g G u o y i2, T i a nR u n l a n2, L i D a w e i1(1.D e p a r t m e n t o f E l e c t r o n i cE n g i n e e r i n g,N a v a l A e r o n a u t i c a l a n dA s t r o n a u t i c a lU n i v e r s i t y,Y a n t a i264001,C h i n a;2.D e p a r t m e n t o f E l e c t r o n i cC o u n t e r m e a s u r e,A v i a t i o nU n i v e r s i t y o f A i rF o r c e,C h a n g c h u n130022,C h i n a)A b s t r a c t:I no r d e r t o s o l v e t h e p r o b l e mo f c a r r i e r f r e q u e n c y b l i n de s t i m a t i o no fP S Ks i g n a l s i ne l e c t r o n i cr e c o n n a i s s a n c e,an e we s t i m a t i o nm e t h o dw a s p r o p o s e d.T h e p h a s e s h i f tk e y i n g(P S K)s i g n a lw a sd i v i d e d i n t os e v e r a l o v e r l a p p i n g i n t e r v a l sw h i c hh a d e q u a l l e n g t h,a n d t h e s p e c t r u mc o n c e n t r a t i o nm e a s u r e s o f e v e r y i n t e r v a lw e r e e x t r a c t e db y t h eF F T.A n d t h e n,u s i n g t h e g r i d-d e n s i t y c l u s t e r i n g,t h e s p e c t r u mc o n c e n t r a t i o nm e a s u r e sw e r e c l a s s i f i e d i n t o t w o c a t e g o r i e s:t h e n a r r o w b a n d s p e c t r u mi n t e r v a l a n d t h ew i d e b a n d s p e c t r u mi n t e r v a l.T h en a r r o w b a n ds p e c t r u mi n t e r v a lw a s r e g a r d e d a s t h e c h a r a c t e r i s t i c c l a s s.T h e s p e c t r u m s o f t h e c h a r a c t e r i s t i c c l a s sw e r e a c c u m u l a t e d t o e s t i m a t e t h e c a r r i e r f r e q u e n c y o fP S Ks i g n a l.T h e p r o p o s e d m e t h o dh a da v o i d e dt h en o n-l i n e a r o p e r a t i o n i n t h e t r a d i t i o n a l P S Ks i g n a l c a r r i e r f r e q u e n c y e s t i m a t i o na l g o r i t h m.T h u s,t h e s i g n a l t on o i s er a t i o(S N R)t h r e s h o l d w a sr e m a r k a b l y d e c r e a s e d.M o r e o v e r,t h e p r o p o s e d m e t h o dd i dn o tn e e dt h e p r i o rk n o w l e d g eo f t h e s i g n a l,w h i c hw a s s u i t a b l e t o t h e e l e c t r o n i c r e c o n n a i s s a n c e o c c a s i o n.E x p e r i m e n t a l r e s u l t s h a dv e r i f i e d t h e v a l i d i t y o f t h e p r o p o s e de s t i m a t i o nm e t h o d i n l o wS N R.K e y w o r d s:e l e c t r o n i c r e c o n n a i s s a n c e; P S Ks i g n a l;c a r r i e r f r e q u e n c y e s t i m a t i o n;l o wS N RP A C S:01.20.+x;07.50.Q x;84.40.X bC L Cn u m b e r: T N911.7D o c u m e n t c o d e: A d o i:10.11884/H P L P B201527.103248C a r r i e r f r e q u e n c y e s t i m a t i o no f a d i g i t a l s i g n a l i s a n i m p o r t a n t t a s kw h e n p e r f o r m i n g a u t o m a t i cm o d u l a-t i o nc l a s s i f i c a t i o n a n d s i g n a l d e m o d u l a t i o n.I n o r d e r t o e n s u r e a g r e a t e r p r o b a b i l i t y o f i n t e r c e p t,t h e e l e c t r o n-i c r e c o n n a i s s a n c e e q u i p m e n t s g e n e r a l l y u s e t h ew i d e b a n dr e c e i v e r[1],w h i c h l e a d s t o t h e r e c e i v e ds i g n a l c o n-t a i n i n g a l o t o f b a n dn o i s e.I n a n o t h e rw o r d s,t h e r e c e i v e d s i g n a l h a s a l o ws i g n a l t on o i s e r a t i o(S N R).D u e t o t h e e l e c t r o n i c r e c o n n a i s s a n c e e q u i p m e n t sw o r k i n g i n t h en o n-d a t a-a i d e do c c a s i o n,a n yp r i o rk n o w l e d g eo f t h e s i g n a l i s u n k n o w n.T h u s,a c c u r a t e l y e s t i m a t i o n t h e c a r r i e r f r e q u e n c y o f r e c e i v e d s i g n a l i s ak e yp r o b l e m i n t h e a b s e n c e o f p r i o r k n o w l e d g e a n d l o wS N R.T h e p h a s e s h i f t k e y i n g(P S K)s i g n a l s a r ew i d e l y u s e d i n t h em o d e r nc o mm u n i c a t i o na n d r a d a r s y s t e m. T o c o r r e c t l y d e m o d u l a t e t h eP S Ks i g n a l s,t h e c a r r i e r f r e q u e n c y m u s t b e k n o w n i n a d v a n c e.F o r t h e p r o b l e m o f P S Ks i g n a l c a r r i e r f r e q u e n c y e s t i m a t i o n,t h e r e s e a r c h e r sh a v e p r o p o s e da l o t o fm e t h o d s.A.J.V e t e r b ia n dA.M.V e t e rb i p r o p o s e d a f e e d-f o r w a r dm a x i m u ml i k e l i h o o d e s t i m a t i o n a l g o r i t h m(V&Va l g o r i t h m)t ob l i n d e s t i m a t e t h ec a r r i e r f r e q u e n c y o f P S Ks i g n a l[2].T h e l e a s t s q u a r e f r e q u e n c y o f f s e t e s t i m a t i o n a l g o r i t h m s b a s e do n t h eV&Va l g o r i t h m w e r ew ide l y u s e d i n t h e c o mm u n i c a t i o nf i e l d[3-5].M o u n i rG h ogh o,A n a n t h mm T a ri q D u r r a n[6]h a d g i v e n a f r e q u e n c y e s t i m a t i o nm e t h o d o f n o n l i n e a r u n k n o w n s i g n a l.T h i sm e t h o d r e m o v e d t h em o d u l a t i o n i n f o r m a t i o no f P S Ks i g n a l b y u s i n gp o w e r o fM(MA T m e t h o d).T h e c a r r i e r f r e q u e n c y e s t i-m a t i o n c a nb ea c h i e v e db y e s t i m a t i n g t h ef r e q u e n c y o fs i n u s o i d a ls i g n a l.A n dt h e n,t h ei m p r o v e d MA T m e t h o dh a db e e na p p l i e d t ob l i n d e s t i m a t e t h e f r e q u e n c y o f P S Ks i g n a l[7].H o w e v e r,a l l t h e s em e t h o d sw e r e r e m o v i n g t h em o d u l a t i o n i n f o r m a t i o no fP S Ks i g n a l t h r o u g han o n l i n e a rc a l c u l a t o r,s ot h e y h a d p o o r p e r f-o r m a n c ew h e nt h eS N R w a s l o w.T h e r e s e a r c h e r s p r o p o s e dac o m b i n a t i o nf r e q u e n c y e s t i m a t i o n m e t h o do f*R e c e i v e dd a t e:2015-05-12;R e v i s e dd a t e:2015-06-12F o u n d a t i o n i t e m:s u p p o r t e db y N a t i o n a lN a t u r a l S c i e n c eF o u n d a t i o no fC h i n a(61301238)B i o g r a p h y:W a n g X i a o f e n g(1987 ),m a l e,P h Dc a n d i d a t e,e n g a g e d i n s i g n a l p r o c e s s i n g a n de l e c t r o n i cw a r f a r e;w x f870516@126.c o m.103248-1103248-2p o w e r s p e c t r u ms m o o t h i n g c o a r s e e s t i m a t i o n a n d l e a s t s q u a r e s f i n e -e s t i m a t e [8],a n d a f r e q u e n c y b l i n d e s t i m a -t i o nm e t h o db a s e do nt h ek e r n e l d e n s i t y e s t i m a t i o na n d m e a ns h i f t [9],b u t t h ea p pl i c a t i o n p r e m i s eo f t h e m w a s a c c u r a t e l y e x t r a c t i o n o f t h e s i g n a l p h a s e ,w h i l e s i g n a l p h a s ew a s d i f f i c u l t t o a c c u r a t e l y ex t r a c t i o n b e c a u s e o f t h e l o wS N Ra n d p h a s e a m b i g u i t y .Ac a r r i e r f r e q u e n c y e s t i m a t i o nm e t h o dw h i c hw a s b a s e d o n c y c l i c s p e c -t r u md e t e c t i o nw a s p r o p o s e d [10],b u t t h em e t h o d r e q u i r e d c o n s i d e r a b l e a m o u n t o f c o m p u t a t i o na n d t h e s a m -p l e l e n gt h .T h i s p a p e r p r o p o s e s aP S Ks i g n a l c a r r i e r f r e q u e n c y b l i n de s t i m a t i o nm e t h o db a s e do ns i g n a l s e s s e n t i a l m o d u l a t i o n i n f o r m a t i o n .F i r s t l y ,t h es i g n a l i sd i v i d e di n t oo v e r l a p p i n g i n t e r v a l so fe q u a l l e n gt h ,a n dt h e s p e c t r u mo f t h es i g n a lw a sc a l c u l a t e d i ne a c hi n t e r v a l .T h e i n t e r v a lw h i c hc o n t a i n sa p h a s eh o p p i n g ha sab r o a d b a n d s p ec t r u m ,w h e r e a s t h e i n t e r v a lw h i c hd oe sn o t c o n t a i na p h a s eh o p p i n g h a san a r r o w b a n ds p e c -t r u m.A n d t h e n ,t h es p e c t r u mc o n c e n t r a t i o n m e a s u r e sof e v e r y in t e r v a l a r ec a l c u l a t e d .T h ec o n c e n t r a t i o n m e a s u r e i s u s e d a s t h e i n p u t c h a r a c t e r i s t i c p a r a m e t e ro f t h e g r i d -d e n s i t y c l u s t e r i n g a l g o r i t h mt oe x t r a c t t h e e n t i r e i n t e r v a l sw h i c hh a v en a r r o w b a n ds p e c t r u m.F i n a l l y ,t h e c a r r i e r f r e q u e n c y e s t i m a t i o n i s i m p l e m e n t e d b y e x t r a c t i n g t h e p e a kv a l u e p o s i t i o no f a v e r a g e s p e c t r u mo f e n t i r en a r r o w b a n ds p e c t r u mi n t e r v a l s .S i m u l a -t i o n r e s u l t s h a v e s h o w n t h a t t h e p r o p o s e dm e t h o d c o u l d e s t i m a t e t h e c a r r i e r f r e q u e n c y o f P S Ks i gn a l w i t h o u t a n yp r i o r k n o w l e d ge i n l o wS N R.1 S i gn a lm o d e l L e t r (n )b e t h e r e c e i v e ds i g n a l i nc o m p l e xf o r m.T h e r e c e i v e ds i g n a l i s s e r i o u s l yp o l l u t e db y th en o i s e d u e t o t h ew i d e b a n d r e c e i v e r i n t h e e l e c t r o n i c r e c o n n a i s s a n c e e q u i p m e n t s .T h ed i s c r e t e a n a l y t i c a l e x pr e s s i o n o f t h eP S Ks i g n a l c a nb e e x pr e s s e d a s s (n )=A e x p {j (2πf0n T +φn +θ0)}, n =1,2, ,N (1)φn =ðN ci =1αi ᵑ(n T -i t p )(2)αi ɪ{2πMr }M -1r =0(3)w h e r e A i s t h es i g n a l a m p l i t u d e ,f 0i s t h ec a r r i e r f r e q u e n c y ,T i s t h es a m p l i n g d u r a t i o n ,t p ist h es y m b o l w i d t h ,ᵑi s t h e g a t e f u n c t i o n o f d u r a t i o n t i m e t p ,M i s t h e o r d e r o f p h a s em o d u l a t i o n ,θ0i s t h e i n i t i a l p h a s e ,N i s t h e l e n g t h .T h e b i n a r y p h a s e s h i f t k e y i n g (B P S K )a n d q u a d r a t u r e p h a s e s h i f t k e y i n g (Q P S K )s i g n a l a r e w i d e l y us e d i n t h em o d e r n c o mm u n i c a t i o na n d r a d a r f i e l d .T h e P S Ks i g n a l i s am o d u l a t e d s i g n a l .T h e s p e c t r u mo f P S Ks i g n a l h a s a c e r t a i n b a n d w i d t h ,s o g e n e r a l l yt h e p o s i t i o no fm a x i m u ms p e c t r a l l i n e i s n o t e q u a l t o t h e c a r r i e r f r e q u e n c y ,i .e .t h eP S Ks i g n a l i s c a r r i e r f r e -q u e n c y s u p p r e s s i o ns i g n a l .I fw ew a n t t od i r e c t l y u s et h es p e c t r u mt oe s t i m a t e i t sc a r r i e r f r e q u e n c y ,t h e p h a s em o d u l a t i o n i n f o r m a t i o nm u s t b e r e m o v e d i n a d v a n c e .T h e g e n e r a l l y m e t h o d r e m o v i n g t h e p h a s em o d u -l a t i o n i n f o r m a t i o n i s t o c a l c u l a t e t h eM p o w e r .T h eP S Ks i g n a lw i l l b e t r a n s f o r m e d t o t h e s i n u s o i d a l s i g n a l .T h e c a r r i e r f r e q u e n c y o f t h i s s i n u s o i d a l s i g n a l i sMt i m e s t h a n t h e c a r r i e r f r e q u e n c y o f t h e P S Ks i g n a l .S o t h e c a r r i e r f r e q u e n c y e s t i m a t i o no f P S Ks i g n a l c a nb e a c h i e v e db y e s t i m a t i n g t h e f r e q u e n c y o f t h e s i n u s o i d a l s i g -n a l .B u t t h e p r o c e s s o f c a l c u l a t i n g M p o w e r i s n o n -l i n e a r o p e r a t o r ,w h i c hh a s a g r e a t e r S N R l o s s .T h u s ,t h e r e m o v i n g m o d u l a t i o n i n f o r m a t i o nm e t h o do fM p o w e r d o e s n o t a p p l y t o l o wS N Rs i g n a l i n t h e e l e c t r o n i c r e -c o n n a i s s a n c e o c c a s i o n .2 F r e q u e n c y es t i m a t i o nm e t h o d I no r d e r t o e f f e c t i v e l y r e m o v e t h em o d u l a t i o n i n f o r m a t i o no fP S Ks i g n a l ,t h eP S Ks i gn a l i n s t a n t a n e o u s f r e q u e n c y c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s a r e a n a l y z e d f i r s t l y a n d t h e s i n u s o i d a l s i g n a l i s c h o s e n a s a c o m p a r i s o n s i g n a l .C o m -p a r e d t o t h e s i n u s o i d a l s i g n a l ,t h e r e a r e s o m e i m p u l s e s i n t h e i n s t a n t a n e o u s f r e q u e n c y o fB P S Ks i gn a l .T h e 强激光与粒子束103248-3r e a s o no f t h e s e i m p u l s e s i s t h e p h a s eh o p p i n g b e t w e e n t h ed i f f e r e n t s y m b o l s i nP S Ks i gn a l .A n d t h e p h a s e h o p p i n g i s t h e e s s e n t i a l d i s t i n g u i s hb e t w e e n t h e P S Ks i g n a l a n d t h e s i n u s o i d a l s i g n a l .S o t h e p h a s e h o p p i n gi s t h em a j o r o b s t a c l e t o e s t i m a t e t h e c a r r i e r f r e q u e n c y o f P S Ks i g n a l .I f t h e i n f l u e n c e o f t h e p h a s e h o p p i n g c a n b e e l i m i n a t e d ,t h e c a r r i e r f r e q u e n c y e s t i m a t i o no f P S Ks i g n a l c a nb e s i m p l i f i e d t o f r e q u e n c y e s t i m a t i o no f s i -n u s o i d a l s i gn a l .An e w m e t h o do f e l i m i n a t i n g t h e p h a s e h o p p i n g i s p r o p o s e d a s f o l l o w.T h eP S Ks i g n a l i s d i v i d e d i n t o o -v e r l a p p i n g i n t e r v a l s o f e q u a l l e n g t h .F i g.1(a )i s t h e s c h e m a t i c o f i n t e r v a l d i v i s i o n .F o r a n i n t e r v a l d o e sn o t c o n t a i n t h e p h a s e h o p p i n g ,s i g n a l o f t h e i n t e r v a l i s a s i n u s o i d a l s i g n a l ,f o r e x a m p l e t h e s p e c t r u mo f t h e f i r s t i n t e r v a l s i g n a l i nF i g .1(a )i s s h o w n i nF i g .1(b ),i t a p p e a r s a s a n a r r o w b a n d s p e c t r u mi n f r e q u e n c y do m a i n .W h e r e a s ,f o r a n i n t e r v a lw h i c hc o n t a i n s t h e p h a s eh o p p i n g ,s i g n a l o f t h e i n t e r v a l i s a p h a s em o d u l a t e ds i g -n a l ,f o r e x a m p l e t h e s p e c t r u mo f t h e s e c o n d i n t e r v a l s i g n a l i nF i g .1(a )i s s h o w n i nF i g .1(c ),i t a p pe a r s a s a b r o a d b a n d s p e c t r u mi nf r e q u e n c y d o m a i n .T h u s ,t h e e n t i r ed i v i d e d i n t e r v a l s c a nb e c l a s s i f i e d i n t o t w oc a t e -g o r i e s :th en a r r o w b a n d s p e c t r u ma n d t h e b r o a d b a n d s p e c t r u m.T h e p e a kv a l u e p o si t i o no f n a r r o w b a n d s p e c -t r u mi s p r e c i s e l y e q u a l t o t h e c a r r i e r f r e q u e n c y o f P S Ks i gn a l .F i g .1 S c h e m a t i c o f i n t e r v a l d i v i s i o na n d i t s s pe c t r a l c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s I no r d e r t o ef f e c t i v e l y d i s t i ng u i sh t h en a r r o w b a n d s p e c t r u ma n db r o a d b a n d s pe c t r u m ,t h e c o n c e n t r a t i o n m e a s u r ew h i c h i sa p p l i e dt ot i m e -f r e q u e n c y a n a l y s i s i s i n t r o d u c e d .T h ec o n c e n t r a t i o n m e a s u r eo f s p e c t r u m c a nb e d e f i n e d a sC M =1ʏɕ-ɕX (f )αd f(4)w h e r e αɪ(0,0.25],X (f )i s t h en o r m a l i z e d s p e c t r u mo f s i g n a l .A c c o r d i n g l y ,t h e c o n c e n t r a t i o nm e a s u r e o f n a r r o w b a n d s p e c t r u mi s l a r g e r ,a n d t h e c o n c e n t r a t i o nm e a s -u r e o f b r o a d b a n d s p e c t r u mi s s m a l l e r .T h u s ,w h e t h e r t h e i n t e r v a l c o n t a i n s t h e p h a s eh o p p i n g c a nb e r e c o g -n i z e db y t h e c o n c e n t r a t i o nm e a s u r e .F i g .2s h o w s t h e d i s t r i b u t i o nd i a gr a mo f c o n c e n t r a t i o nm e a s u r e o f 31m s e q u e n c ew h i c h t h eS N Ri s 3d B .I nF i g .3,t h e s i gn * i n d i c a t e s t h e c o n c e n t r a t i o nm e a s u r e o f n a r r o w b a n d s p e c t r u m ,a n d t h e s i g n • i n d i c a t e s t h e c o n c e n t r a t i o nm e a s u r e o f b r o a d b a n d s pe c t r u m.I n t h e a c t u a l e l e c t r o n i c r e c o n n a i s s a n c e o c c a s i o n ,i t i s d if f i c u l t t og i v e a q u a n t i t a t i v e th r e s h o l d t o c l a s si f yt h e c o n c e n t r a t i o nm e a s u r e ,s o t h e g r i d -d e n s i t y c l u s t e r i n g a l g o r i t h mo f d a t am i n i n g i s a d o p t e d t o s e p a r a t e t h e c o n c e n t r a t i o nm e a s u r e s o f n a r r o w b a n d s p e c t r u mi n t e r v a l s a n dw i d e b a n ds p e c t r u mi n t e r v a l s .T h e c o n c e n t r a -t i o nm e a s u r e d i s t r i b u t i o nc h a r a c t e r i s t i c o f n a r r o w b a n d a n db r o a d b a n ds p e c t r u mf i t s t h e r e q u i r e m e n t o f g r i d -d e n s i t y c l u s t e r i n g .T h e d i s t r i b u t i o n r a n g e o f n a r r o w b a n d s p e c t r u mc o n c e n t r a t i o nm e a s u r e i s s m a l l e r ,n a m e l yi tw i l l f o r mi n t e n s i v e g r i d .W h e r e a s t h e c o n c e n t r a t i o nm e a s u r e v a l u e o f b r o a d b a n d s p e c t r u mi s v e r y ra n d o m ,s o t h e d i s t r ib u t i o nr a n g eo fb r o a d b a n ds p ec t r u mc o n c e n t r a t i o n m e a s u r e i s l a r g e r ,n a m e l y i tw i l l f o r m n o n -de n s e g r i d .T h e c l u s t e r i n g r e s u l t i s t h e c a t e g o r y of n a r r o w b a n d s p e c t r u m ,a n do d dd a t a o f n o n -d e n s eg r i d i s b r o a d b a n d s p e c t r u m.F i g .3sh o w s t h e a v e r a g e s p e c t r u mo f e n ti r en a r r o w b a n d s p e c t r u mi n t e r v a l s i nF i g.2.W a n g X i a o f e n g ,e t a l :B l i n d c a r r i e r f r e q u e n c y e s t i m a t i o n f o r p h a s e s h i f t k e y i n g s i g n a l s i n l o ws i gn a l t on o i s e r a t i o103248-4T h e p u r p o s eo fd i v i s i o ni n t e r v a l i st or e c o g n i z e w h e t h e rt h e i n t e r v a lc o n t a i n s p h a s eh o p p i n g ,s ot h e l e n g t ho f i n t e r v a l c a n n o t e x c e e d t h ew i d t ho f t h e s y m b o l .B u t i f t h e l e n g t ho f i n t e r v a l i s t o o s m a l l ,t h e c o n -c e n t r a t i o nm e a s u r e i s s e n s i t i v e t o t h e n o i s e .Al a r g e n u m b e r o f s i m u l a t i o n e x pe r i m e n t s s h o wt h a t t h e c a r r i e rf r e q u e n c y e s t i m a t i o n p e r f o r m a n c eo fP S K s ig n a l i s q u i t e g o o d ,wh e nt h el e n g t ho f t h ei n t e r v a l i ss e t t i n gt o 2t p/3.F i g .2 D i s t r i b u t i o nd i a g r a mo f c o n c e n t r a t i o nm e a s u re F i g .3 A v e r a g e s p e c t r u mof n a r r o w b a n d s pe c t r u m A sw e a l l k n o wt h a t t h e s y m b o lw i d t ho fP S Ks i g n a l i s e q u a l t o t h e r e c i p r o c a l of s p e c t r u m3d Bb a n d -w i d t h ,t h a t i s t p =1/B .T h u s ,t h e c o a r s e e s t i m a t i o no f s y m b o lw i d t h c a nb e i m p l e m e n t e db y e s t i m a t i n g t h e s p e c t r u mb a n d -w i d t h o f t h e P S Ks i g n a l .A f t e r o b t a i n i n g t h e c o a r s e s y m b o l w i d t h e s t i m a t i o n ,a r e a s o n a b l e i n -t e r v a l d i v i s i o n l e n g t hc a nb e s e t t o e s t i m a t e t h e c a r r i e r f r e q u e n c y o f t h eP S Ks i gn a l .3 E x pe r i m e n t a l r e s u l ts F i g .4 M E S p e r f o r m a n c e c o m p a r i s o n I nt h i ss e c t i o n ,t h es i m u l a t i o n e x pe r i m e n t s w e r e g i v e n t o t e s t a n dv e r if y t h e p e r f o r m a n c eo f t h e p r o po s e d e s t i m a t i o n m e t h o d .T h es i m u l a t i o ns i gn a l s w e r eB P S K a n dQ P S Kw h i c hw e r ew i d e l y us e d i n c o mm u n i c a t i o n a n d r a d a r s y s t e m ,t h ec a r r i e rf r e q u e n c y w a s10MH z ,T h e s i g n a l ss a m p l i n g f r e q u e n c y w a s50MH z .t h es ym b o l w i d t hw a s1μs .T h e r e w e r e1000t i m e s M o n t eC a r l os i m u l a t i o ni ne a c hS N R.T h i se x p e r i m e n tw a s g i v e nt o c o m p a r e t h e p e r f o r m a n c eo f t h e p r o po s e d m e t h o d w i t h t h ec a r r i e rf r e q u e n c y es t i m a t i o n m e t h o di n t r o d u c e di n R e f [7](n o t e d I MA T ).T h e p e r f o r m a n c e o f t w o c a r r i e r f r e q u e n c y e s t i m a t i o nm e t h o d i s s h o w n i nF i g.4.E x p e r i m e n t a l r e s u l t s s h o wt h a t t h e p r o p o s e d c a r r i e r f r e q u e n c y es t i m a t i o nm e t h o d sS N Rt h r e s h o l d s f o r B P S Ka n dQ P S Ks i g n a l a r e b o t h l o w e r t h a n t h e I MA T m e t h o d s .A t a h i g hS N R ,t h e c a r r i e r f r e q u e n c y e s t i -m a t i o n p e r f o r m a n c e o f p r o p o s e da l g o r i t h mi s a l s ob e t t e r t h a nt h e I MA Ta l go r i t h m.T h i s i sd u e t o t h e f a c t t h a t t h e I MA Ta l g o r i t h mu s i n g t h eM p o w e rm e t h o d t o r e m o v e t h e p h a s e h o p p i n g ,w h i c h i s h i g h l y s u s c e p t i -b l e t on o i s e .T h u s ,t h e I MA Ta l g o r i t h m h a s a p o o r a n t i -n o i s e p e r f o r m a n c e .T h e p r o p o s e d m e t h o dd o e s n t n e e d t h e n o n -l i n e a r o p e r a t o r ,b u t a l s o e s t i m a t e t h e c a r r i e r f r e q u e n c y u s i n g t h e s p e c t r u mc h a r a c t e r i s t i cw h i c h h a s a g o o d a n t i -n o i s e p e r f o r m a n c e .T h u s ,t h e p r o p o s e dm e t h o d c a n i m p l e m e n t t h e c a r r i e r f r e q u e n c y e s t i m a -t i o n i na l o wS N R.I n a d d i t i o n ,t h e I MA Ta l g o r i t h mh a s d i f f e r e n t e s t i m a t i o n p e r f o r m a n c e t oB P S Ka n dQ P S Ks i gn a l .I t i s s e n s i t i v e t o t h e s p e c i f i cm o d u l a t i o n t y p e o f t h eP S Ks i g n a l .T h u s ,t h e I MA Ta l g o r i t h mi s n o t a p p l i e d t o t h e e l e c t r o n i c r e c o n n a i s s a n c e o c c a s i o nw h i c hh a s n o p r i o r k n o w l e d g e t o t h e s i gn a l .4 C o n c l u s i o nI n t h i s p a p e r ,b a s e do nt h e i n s t a n t a n e o u sf r e q u e n c y c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s ,ac a r r i e r f r e q u e n c y es t i m a t i o no f 强激光与粒子束W a n g X i a o f e n g,e t a l:B l i n d c a r r i e r f r e q u e n c y e s t i m a t i o n f o r p h a s e s h i f t k e y i n g s i g n a l s i n l o ws i g n a l t on o i s e r a t i oP S Ks i g n a l i n l o wS N Rw a s p r o p o s e d.T h e p r o p o s e dm e t h o dh a s d e c r e a s e d t h e S N Rt h r e s h o l d o f P S Ks i g n a l c a r r i e r f r e q u e n c y e s t i m a t i o nb e c a u s ei tn e i t h e rn e e d st h en o n l i n e a ro p e r a t i o n n o rd i r e c t l y e x t r a c t ss i g n a l p h a s e.S i m u l a t i o nr e s u l t ss h o wt h a t t h e p r o p o s e d m e t h o d w h i c hc o u l da c c u r a t e l y e s t i m a t et h ec a r r i e r f r e-q u e n c y o fP S Ks i g n a l i n a l o w e r S N Rw i t h o u t a n y p r i o r k n o w l e d g e i s s u i t a b l e f o r b r o a d b a n d r e c e i v i n g i n e l e c-t r o n i c r e c o n n a i s s a n c e o c c a s i o n s.R e f e r e n c e s:[1] C a o W e i n a,P a n W e i,Z o uX i h u a,e t a l.S y m b o l r a t e e s t i m a t i o n f o r r e m o t e d i s t r i b u t e dm i c r o w a v e s i g n a l r e c e p t i o nu s i n gp h o t o n i c t e c h n i q u e[J].H i g hP o w e rL a s e r a n dP a r t i c l eB e a m s,2014,26:053003.[2] V e t e r b iAJ,V e t e r b iA M.N o n l i n e a r e s t i m a t i o no f P S K-m o d u l a t e d c a r r i e r p h a s ew i t ha p p l i c a t i o n t ob u r s t d i g i t a l t r a n s m i s s i o n s[J].I E E ET r a n s o nI n f o r m T h e o r y,1983,29:543-551.[3] N i d h i r y S M,B a b uK V,R e d d y,G R.B l i n dc a r r i e r f r e q u e n c y o f f s e te s t i m a t i o nu s i n g m o d i f i e d V i t e r b i a n d V i t e r b i(MV A V)a l g o r i t h m[C]//P r o c o f i M a c4s.2013:292-296.[4] S p a t h a r a k i sC,A r g y r i sN,D r i s S.F r e q u e n c y o f f s e t e s t i m a t i o n a n d c a r r i e r p h a s e r e c o v e r y f o r h i g h-o r d e rQ AMc o n s t e l l a t i o n s u s i n g t h eV i t e r-b i-V i t e r b im o n o m i a l e s t i m a t o r[C]//P r oc o fC S N D S P.2014:781-786.[5] W uN,W a n g H,K u a n g JM,e t a l.D e s i g n a n d p e r f o r m a n c e a n a l y s i s o f n o n-d a t a-a i d e d c a r r i e r p h a s e e s t i m a t o r s f o r a m p l i t u d e a n d p h a s e s h i f tk e y i n g s i g n a l s[J].I E TC o mm u n i a c t i o n s,2011,5(2):231-239.[6] A b d a l l a hS,P s a r o m i l i g k o s IN.B l i n d c h a n n e l e s t i m a t i o n f o r a m p l i f y-a n d-f o r w a r d t w o-w a y r e l a y n e t w o r k s e m p l o y i n g M-P S K m o d u l a t i o n[J].I E E ET r a n s o nS i g n a lP r o c e s s i n g,2012,60(7):3604-3615.[7] C i b l a t P.G h o g h oM.B l i n dN L L S c a r r i e r f r e q u e n c y-o f f s e t e s t i m a t i o n f o rQ AM,P S K,a n dP AM m o d u l a t i o n s:p e r f o r m a n c e a t l o wS N R[J].I E E ET r a n s o nC o mm u n i c a t i o n s,2006,54(10):1725-1730.[8] D e n g Z h e n m i a o,L i uY u.B l i n d e s t i m a t i o no fM P S Kc a r r i e r f r e q u e n c y[J].J o u r n a l o nC o mm u n i c a t i o n s,2007,28(2):94-100.[9] L i X i a o j i e,X uL u p i n g,C h e n J i a.B l i n d e s t i m a t i o n o f c a r r i e r f r e q u e n c y w i t hm e a n s h i f t a l g o r i t h m[J].J o u r n a l o f S y s t e mS i m u l a t i o n,2009,21(5):1451-1454.[10]J i nY a n,J iH o n g b i n g.R o b u s t s y m b o l r a t e e s t i m a t i o n o f P S Ks i g n a l s u n d e r t h e c y c l o s t a t i o n a r y f r a m e w o r k[J].C i r c u i t s,S y s t e m s,a n d S i g-n a lP r o c e s s i n g,2014,33(2):892-895.低信噪比下P S K信号的载频估计王晓峰1,张国毅2,田润澜2,李大卫1(1.海军航空工程学院电子信息工程系,山东烟台264001;2.空军航空大学信息对抗系,长春130022)摘要:针对电子侦察中P S K信号的载频估计问题,提出一种低信噪比下载频估计新方法㊂该方法将P S K信号划分为等长度的交叠区间,提取各个区间内信号频谱的聚集性测度作为特征参数,然后将此特征参数导入网格密度聚类算法,以聚类结果作为载频估计特征类,最后将特征类对应的频谱叠加后提取峰值得出信号载频估计值㊂该方法避免了传统P S K信号载频估计的非线性运算,显著降低了P S K信号载频估计的信噪比门限,且无需先验知识,适合于电子侦察场合㊂仿真实验结果证实了该方法在低信噪比下P S K信号载频估计的有效性㊂关键词:电子侦察; P S K信号;载频估计;低信噪比103248-5。
