第二讲 名词专题

二专题讲解：掌握要点：名词的分类（专有名词和普通名词）名词的数1）区分可数名词和不可数名词，区分方法2）可数名词的复数变化，分为规则变化及不规则变化名词所有格含义、构成两种形式：’s所有格及of所有格知识点：一、名词的分类1.专有名词：名字(人名、地名、书名、机构名)、与国家有关的(国家、国民、语言)、日期（节日、星期、月份）例句：My name is Lucy. I am a Chinese. I will go to the Great Wall on Monday. 2.普通名词: 包括可数名词和不可数名词个体名词表示个体的人或事物例: sister、table、bike、window可数名词集体名词表示一群人或一些事物例: family、police、class、group物质名词表示构成物体的物质或材料例: water、air、wood 不可数名词抽象名词表示状态、品质、行为、感情等例: danger、interest区分方法：将物体分成两半，如果每半不能叫原名，则为可数名词，如果还可叫原名，则为不可数名词。

注：有些单词意义发生变化，单复数也发生变化，例：glass作玻璃杯时可数，作玻璃时不【注意】（1）family, class等词作为一个整体时视为单数，强调其家庭/族成员或班级成员时视为复数；（2）部分有生命的集体名词本身就是复数的概念：①police指警察、警官的总称，本身表示复数。

The police(主语)+谓语动词复数②people 指人们、人民，本身表示复数。

(The)…people+谓语动词复数people指民族，有单、复数变化 e.g. fifty-six peoples 五十六个民族二、名词的单复数形式(1) 规则变化：名词的复数构成，通常是在单数形式后面加-s或-es 1、一般情况在词尾直接加s , 例bags。

2、以s、x、sh、ch结尾的词加-es，例bus-buses box-boxes。

第二讲名词与动词专题（二）一、名词( )1.—Are those ______?---No, they aren’t. They’re _____.A. sheep ; cowsB. sheep ; cowC. sheeps ; cowD. sheeps ; cows ( )2.Mum, I’m quite thirsty. Please give me ____.A. two orangeB. two bottles of orangeC. two bottles orangeD. two bottles of oranges( )3.I have got ___ news from my friend. Do you want to know?A. a very goodB. anyC. a piece ofD. two pieces( )4.___ room is on the 5th floor.A. Lucy and LilyB. Lucy and Lily’sC. Luc y’s and LilyD. Lucy’s and Lily’s ( )5.Every morning Mr. Smith takes a ____ to his office.A. 20 minutes’ walkB. 20 minute’s walkC. 20-minutes walkD. 20-minute walk ( )6.This is James Allan Green. We can call him ____.A. Mr. GreenB. Mr. AllanC. Mr. JamesD. James Green( )7.Jack and Tom are ____.A. good friendsB. good friendC. a good friendD. good a friend ( )8.It’s only about ten ____ walk to the nearest post office.A. minutesB. minute’sC. minutes’D. minute ( )9.He often has ____ for breakfast.A. two breadsB. two piece of breadsC. two pieces of breadD. two pieces of breads ( )10.Mrs. Green has two ____. They’re very bright.A. childsB. childC. children’sD. children ( )11.What did the headmaster say about Jim’s ______.A. two months holidayB. two months’ holidayC. two-month holidayD. two month’s holidays( )12.I won’t go there with you, for I have a lot of ____ to do.A. worksB. jobC. workD. working( )13.Li Lei is a friend of ___.A. I sisterB. my sister’sC. me sisterD. my sister( )14.Have you read ____?A. todays’paperB. today paperC. the today’s paperD. today’s paper ( )15.How many ___ are there in the room?A. boxesB. boxC. boxsD. boxxes( )16.Many ____ have been built in our city since 1987.A. factorysB. factoriesC. factoryesD. factorys( )17.There are lots of ___ in the basket on the table .A. tomatosB. tomatoC. tomatoesD. tomatoss ( )18.The cat caught two ___ last night.A. mousesB. miceC. mouseD. mices ( )19.Jack went to have two ___ pulled out yesterday afternoon.A. toothsB. toothC. teethD. toothes ( )20.Mr Huang with his grandparents ___ music. They are huge fans of Michael Jackson.A. likesB. likeC.likedD.dislike ( )21.The three ___ will be put into prison.A. thiefsB. thiefC. thievesD. thiefs’二、用所给动词的适当形式填空1.Mother ________ (watch) TV every evening.2.We________(talk) when the teacher came in.3.He ________(go) to Beijing two days ago.4.He ________(leave) Chengdu in two days.5.Look! The boy________(play) football on the playground.6.My uncle ______(live) here for ten years.7.He often helps the old woman _______ (carry) water.8.Would you like to make a contribution to ________ (improve) our living conditions?9.Don’t forget ________(turn) off the lights before you go out.10.Please let the girls _____(go) first.11.They had great fun ________(play) football this afternoon.12.Do you enjoy ________(watch) TV?13.Would you like ______(have) a cup of tea?14.You can ______(go) there tomorrow.15.Would you mind my _____(open) the door?16.Please ask him _______(speak) more loudly17.I’ll go fishing if it ____(be) fine tomorrow.18.He said his grandpa ________(be) dead for ten years.19.Tell the children __________(not play) in the street.20.Mr Zhu spent much time _________(help) me with my English.21.I’ll tell you as soon as he ____ (come) back.22.Each of us _____(want) to go to college.23.Thank you for ______(help) me.24.The teacher told us the earth ____(go) round the sun.25.My father is good at _____(fish).26.You’d better______(not talk) in class.27.The teacher stopped_______(talk) to us when we went into the office.28.I saw her _______(cook) when I got home.29.Look! A woman with two children _____ (be) coming towards us.30.His family ___ not big, but the family ____ (be) interested in music.31.Two months _____(be) quite a long time.32.He asked if Tom ______(come) in two days33.One of our teachers _____(be) a foreigner.34.The Greens ______(have) been to the Great Wall twice.35.He is practicing _______(speak) English with Mr. Green.36.This pair of glasses ___ mine. The glasses on the table ____ his (be).37.There ____ an apple, a pear and some bananas on the table. (be)38.______(read) in bed ___(be)bad your eyes.三、选择填空( )1.—Must I turn off the light now?---No, you _______A. needn’tB. mustn’tC. can’t( )2.Our teacher told us the sun ____ in the east. A. rose B. rises C. is rising ( )3.He ___ back in a month.A. will comeB. comeC. came( )4.I ___ him before.A. metB. had metC. have met( )5.The teacher ____ to Japan this year. She’s now telling her pupils about it.A. wentB. has beenC. has gone( )6.It ____ hard when I got home yesterday.A. rainedB. is rainingC. was raining( )7.Why not ____ again?A. to tryB. tryC. trying( )8.He has finished ____ the letter.A. writingB. to writeC. wrote( )9.It _____ every night.A. happensB. is happenedC. happened( )10.The policeman told the children ____ in the street.A. not playB. not to playC. don’t play( )11.The box is too heavy for me ____.A. to carry itB. to carryC. carrying it( )12.Stop ____and listen to the teacher.A. to readB. readC. reading( )13.He is still looking for a house ____.A. to liveB. to live inC. to live in it( )14.I heard her ___ when I passed her room just now. A. sing B. singing C. to sing ( )15.—May I go with you ?---No, you ______.A. may notB. can notC. mustn’t( )16.There are some ____ in the river.A. airB. fishC. water.( )17.Sheep __ white and milk ___white, too.A. is ; isB. is ; areC. are ; is( )18.The class ___ going to see a film this afternoon.A. amB. isC. are( )19.Jim’s shoes ____ under the bed.A. areB. isC. was( )20.Three years ____ quite a long time.A. isB. areC. were( )21.The clothes are mine. Yours ____ under the bed.A. isB. areC. were( )22.There ___ a lot of news in today’s newspaper.A. isB. areC. were( )23.--Can you answer this question in English? No, I _____.A. needn'tB. mustn'tC. may notD. can't( )24. The teacher wanted us _____ Exercise 1, but you let me ______ Exercise 2.A.to do, doB. to do, to doC. do, to doD. do, do( )25. Miss Green saw a wallet ______on the ground when she walked past the school gate.A. lieB. lyingC. liesD. to lie( )26.What have you done _____ the milk? I've just _____ it.A. with, eatenB.for, eatenC. with, drunkD. for, drunk( )27.The radio _______ it will get warmer later.A. saysB. speaksC.talksD. tells( )28. You must be very tired. Why not _____ a rest?A. stop havingB.stop to haveC.to stop havingD. to stop to have( )29. Li Ping is young, but he _____ many places of interest in South China.A.went toB. has been inC.has gone toD. has been to( )30. Mother told me _____ in the sun.A. not readB. don't readC. read notD. not to read( )31.Do you often see her ______ volleyball on the playground?A. playB. playedC. playsD. to play( )32.Alice didn't hear what the teacher said just now,so she doesn't know how _______ the problem.A. doB. didC. to doD. doing( )33.When the little boy ____someone coming upstairs,he stopped _____.A. heard…cryingB. listened…to cryC. heard…to cryD. listened…cry( )34.I ______ my ruler at home.Can I use yours,please?A. forgotB. have forgottenC. leftD. have left( )34.Jim _____ the good news to his classmates this morning.A. spokeB. toldC. saidD. talked。

小升初英语高频考点专题复习第二讲名词名词是表示人、事、物、地点或抽象概念的名称的词。

从意义上分，名词可以分为专有名词和普通名词，专有名词表示某个(些)人、地方、机构等的专有名称,如: Beijing, China。

普通名词表示某些人、某类事物或抽象概念的名称,如: book, sadness。

普通名词又可分为以下四类：(1)个体名词：表示某类人或事物中的个体，如：gun。

(2)集体名词：表示若干个体组成的集合体,如:family。

(3)物质名词：表示不具备确定形状或大小，无法分为个体的物质，如：air。

(4)抽象名词：表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念,如:work。

个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算，称其为可数名词,如: apple, boy, puppet;物质名词和抽象名词一般无法用数目计算，称其为不可数名词,如: water, milk, juice。

(2023南京江宁区)单项选择。

( )1. I'm going to ________ for holiday.A. chinaB. ChinaC. a China( )2. I’d like some ________.考点一名词的分类A. watersB. bookC. water➢思路点拨：1.本题考查专有名词。

此句中专有名词China的首字母要大写，且前面不加任何限定词。

2.本题考查可数名词与不可数名词。

可数名词有单、复数之分，不可数名词没有单、复数之分。

some后接名词的复数形式或不可数名词。

➢答案1. B 2. C[过关训练1] 选出每组中不同类的一项。

( )1. A. eraser B. milk C. pencil( )2. A. student B. teacher C. father( )3. A. wall B. woman C. boy( )4. A. yellow B. mother C. brother考点二名词的数名词分为可数名词和不可数名词。

专题02 名词高考频度：★★★★☆【命题解读】名词是中学英语的主要词汇之一，也是历年高考的重要考点。

研究近年的高考题我们不难看出，名词部分主要考查名词的词义辨析和习惯搭配、名词的数（可数与不可数、单数与复数），尤其具体语境中名词的数、名词的所有格、抽象名词的具体化、物质名词的量化、名词的构词法，名词和冠词的搭配以及主谓一致等。

在高考试题中，名词常结合其它项目一起考查，考查题型以短文改错、完形填空、语法填空为主。

【命题预测】预计2021年的高考名词在语法填空中考查以词性变化为主，尤其是形容词变为名词以及动词变变为名词；在短文改错中主要考查名词的可数与不可数以及可数名词单复数文体，对于名词所有格的考查涉及较少；在完形填空中考查名词的辨析为主。

【知识结构】【复习建议】在学习过程中，要掌握常用名词的基本用法，注意一词多义和旧词新义，尤其是在完形填空中。

另外要多归纳总结，做题时要结合语境。

一、可数名词的数（一）知识讲解(1)规则变化注意：①以－o结尾的下列名词要加－es，它们是＂黑人英雄在回声中吃土豆、西红柿＂，即Negroes，heroes，echoes，potatoes，tomatoes。

但下列以－o结尾的名词既可以加－es，也可以加－s，它们是：zeros(zeroes)零，mosquitos (mosquitoes)蚊子，volcanos(volcanoes)火山。

②以－f或－fe结尾的下列名词需要把f或fe去掉，加－ves，树叶半数自己黄，妻子拿刀去割粮；架后窜出一只狼，就像小偷逃命忙。

在这些词中，由单数变复数时，须先将f或fe变为v再加-es变成复数，即：树叶leaf - leaves, 半数half--halves, 自己self—selves; 妻子wife--wives, 刀knife --knives, 长条面包loaf—loves; 架shelf --shelves, 狼wolf --wolves, 小偷thief—thieves;生命life-lives。