中考英语词语运用

词汇应用By Sandy Zou 在初中英语学业水平考试中，词汇应用是英语测试中的一种必考题型，主要考察学生的阅读理解能力以及对所学词汇的运用能力。

在做题时要求考生了解短文大意及相关的语境，然后根据上下文提供的信息来确定所给词的适当形式。

纵观近几年来的词汇应用题我们会发现有以下几个特点：1.动词形式的变化是考查的重点，包括动词短语的运用。

2.可数名词的单复数变化、名词所有格、不可数名词、人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、基数词变序数词、形容词的比较级、形容词和副词之间的互相转换等是必考的对象。

3.近三年的词汇应用题部分考查了两个到三个短语，有的是动词短语，有的是名词短语。

英语中有大量的各种类型的短语需要记忆，所以对这方面的考查是中考的必考点之一。

【如何进行复习？】1.厚积薄发谨记心！千道理、万道理、积累背诵才是硬道理。

在学习中要对词汇、动词短语以及固定搭配进行积极背诵和及时的巩固复习，只有打牢基础，做题时才能得心应手。

2.进行限时训练，总结做题技巧，提高解题能力。

【解题方法与技巧】一、词汇应用题解题方法技巧: 谨记词汇应用题的特点是----词不离句，句不离篇1.认真阅读全句，理解句意2.分析应填词充当的句子成分，准确判断应填词的词性I was surprised with the _______(develop) of Shanghai.例题中由句意可知,需要用develop的名词形式development3.综合考虑，判断所填词的正确形式A. 找出提示词例1：There are many _______ (child) in the classroom.例2：This lesson is_______(difficult) than that one.例3：David works________________ (care) in his class.解析：例1空格前有many，应填child的复数形式。

例2由空格后的than可知，应填difficult的比较级more difficult。

例3空格前有动词works，可知后应填副词，再根据后面的in his class可知，应填carefully的最高级 the most carefully。

B. 注意动词短语固定搭配如：use sth to do sth allow sb to do sth spend time (in) doing mind doing sth be interested in二、常考词性考点分析1. 名词：名词单复要牢记，还有’s不能弃A. Spiderman is one of the most famous comic book _______ (hero) of all time.21世纪教育网版权所有B. With tears in his eyes, he asked the question with these words, “Are you ______(God) wife?”“No，I ’m a mother ,”said the woman.Keys: A. heroes B. God’s2. 形容词、副词：形、副注意用三级，形、副转换时常考，形修名词副修动，牢牢记在心头上A. They can’t understand their teacher______(clear)B. But it may be _____ (good) than you thinkKeys: A. clearly B. better3. 数词：要填数词请留意，千万别忘“基”和“序”So he did .He had never sung in public before . Now he was singing for the _____(one) time . Keys: first 4.填代词需慎重，五格变化（she her her hers herself）要谨记But now at least he can live on _____ (he) own Keys: his5.介词：介词后面动名词，常见介词（of before after in for with without except by ）记心头After ______(explain) something in class, he asked his students if they understood. Keys: explaining 6. 动词：动词注意要变形（第三人称单数、过去式、过去分词）; 时态判断方法多，根据时态呼应、上下文、时间状语都可以;语态判断顺句意，动词短语要牢记，平日积累最可贵.A. Be quite! He ___________ (listen) to the radio .B. It’s just because you look like my son , whom I ______ (not see ) for a long time .C. If you can think of someone who should ________(give) an apology(道歉) from you , do something about it right now.D. The doctor said my father ___________(get) well in two months .Keys: A. is listening （根据上下文）B. haven’t seen (for+段时间since 短语是现在完成时态的典型时间状语)C. be given(根据句意)D. would get（根据时态呼应，在宾语从句中要注意时态呼应。

若主句是一般过去时态，从句若不是客观真理，其时态也要用相对应的过去时态）如果所给动词在句子中不作谓语，就应该考虑用动词的非谓语动词形式（to do doing done）。

究竟选用哪种非谓语动词形式，可根据情况从以下几方面来考虑。

1. 动词不定式常用的情况(1) 在及物动词后用不定式作宾语如：want to do help to do decide to do would like to do 等(2) 用不定式做宾补如：use sth to do sth ask sb to do sth allow sb to do sth want sb to do sth encourage sb to do sth等(3) 用不定式做形补如: be pleased to do sth be happy to do sth等(4) 用不定式做后置定语如：something to eat have time to do sth have a chance to do sth a good place to visit the best way to do sth 等(5) 在某些句型中要用动词不定式如：it is time for sb to do sth it is +adj for sb +to do sth(6) 在短语be made to do sth be seen to do sth be heard to do sth be allowed to do sth 中用动词不定式2. 在某些动词后用省to 的动词不定式，如：make sb do sth let sb do sth 但在某些动词后既可用动词原形又可用doing 来表示不同的涵义如：see sb do sth 看到某人做某事的过程see sb doing sth 看到某人正在做某事，相同用法还有单词notice watch hear 等。

3. 在某些单词后要用动词ing形式如：enjoy, finish, mind, spend, be busy doing sth, look forward to doing sth, can’t help doing sth, have fun doing sth, have problems doing sth4. 过去分词做后置定语如：After some time, one of the brothers picked up a jar filled (fill) with gold coins.【知能训练】(一)Brian was not good at public speaking. One day, he 1 (invite) to make a speech at a church. His 2 (young) sister Ann knew he was nervous and tried to calm him down. "Don't worry. Everything 3 (be) fine. "When the day came, Brian's car had an accident on the way to the church. Luckily, he was not 4 (bad) hurt and arrived at the church on time. It was 5 (he) turn. When he stood up, hit coat became tangled with his chair. After a few 6 (minute), he finally began his speech. But he was so nervous that he dropped his book. Many people thought he would run, but he went on.Suddenly, people saw something 7 (usual) 8 (run) down from his nose, blood! He stopped _ 9_ (speak) when he saw the blood. But he still tried to finish his speech. Then Ann quietly moved to the front and handed him her handkerchief. Then she gave him a smile and 10 (return) to her seat.It was a 11 (real) simple gesture, and might be the 12 (simple). She just saw someone in need, and gave him a hand. In the end, Brian finished his talk with more confidence.（二）During the Second World War. John's family didn't have a washing machine. Therefore, 1 (keep) clothes clean became a problem for them.Before long, a family friend decided 2 (join)the army and his wife was going with him. John's family told them that they could take care of their furniture while they were away. To the 3 (family)surprise, the friend suggested they should use his Bendix washing machine .“It would be better forit to 4 (use)，rather than sitting 5 (quiet), ”he said.Young John helped with the washing, and he developed a deep love of the old, green Bendix. 6 (Late), the war ended and the family's friend returned. When he came to take the machine away. John became very sad．His mother saw this and said to 7 (he). “Son, you must remember that machine didn't belong to us in the 8 (one) place. It was a gift for us to be able to use it for such a long time. So, instead of 9 (be) sad about the loss. Let’s be grateful that we10 (be) able to use it at that time.”We have all experienced loss: loss of people and things. However, if we see the thing we 11 (lose)as a gift that we were given for a time, maybe the sad 12 (memory)will change into thankful ones.（三）Long long ago, two brothers decided to dig a big hole behind their house. As they 1 (dig), some young men stopped 2 (watch). “What are you doing?” asked one of the young men.“We want to dig a hole all the way through the earth!” one of t he brothers 3 (reply). The young men began to laugh at them. They told them that their plan was quite silly and digging a hole all the way through the earth was 4 (possible).After some 5 (time)，one of the brothers picked up a jar 6 (fill) with gold coins and then a bottle of different 7 (kind) of seeds which made their yard a beautiful garden later on. He showed the amazing things to others. Everyone was shocked. Then he said 8 (confident),“Even if we can’t dig through the earth , look at what we 9 (find) along the way!”Their goal was too difficult to reach, but it did get them to dig. Not every goal 10 (reach) at last. But when you can’t get to your goal , perhap s you can say to 11 (you)，“So many great things have come into my life while I was doing something．’’It is in the digging that life is lived．And there is 12 (much) joy in the journey, sometimes than in the end.（四）My mother was a 1 (cooker) of our school canteen (餐厅) when I was in middle school . At that time she was such an embarrassment to me because she 2 (has) only one eye. Every time I saw her in my school, I pretended 3 (not see) her and ran away. After 4 (graduate) I got a job in another city and then married and had two 5 (kid). I told my family that my parents 6 (be) dead, so they had never seen my mother.One day, my mother came to visit me. My kids were afraid and cried when they saw 7 (she). I was very angry and said, “You must have made a mistake. My mother has been 8 (die) for many years.”After a few days, I received a letter. I 9 (read):My dearest son,I’m so rry that I was an embarrassment to you when you were growing up. 10 (How), I has no idea. When you were a little boy, you got into an accident and 11 (lose) your eyes. As a mother, I …When I read here, I couldn’t stop 12 (cry).（五）1 (do) homework not only can help children master the knowledge they have learnt but also can train their abilities of finishing the work alone,2 (plan) the time and doing the3 (duty). But some c hildren don’t like to complete the work .Why? There are some reasons.Some children feel it is very difficult 4 (do) their homework, because they can’t understand their teacher 5 (clear), and can’t follow their teacher’s teaching process. Maybe there is something wrong with their intelligence.But some childre n’s in te lligence is normal. They are even 6 (clever), but they don’t listen to the teacher 7 (careful). It is hard for them 8 (sit) well and pay attention to anything. It needs to carry on the attention centralized(集中注意力) training 9 (help) the children.Some children love their teacher and then they like the subject. Their interest depends on the teacher who 10 (teach)them. So every teacher should be 11 (help) and kind. It can make children love you and the subject you teach. So they can do their homework 12 (happy).( 六)Last year, we spent Christmas and New Year in Queensland, Australia. The beaches were beautiful, and we spent a lot of time 1 (play) by the sea, swimming and surfing. One day, we were on a beach just in the south of a city 2 (name) Carins. My little sister 3 (look) for shells in the sand down near the waves when she shouted to me, “Hey, Lan! Look what I have found!” I ran down 4 (have) a look, and saw her 5 (point) at a strange black object that was half buried in the sand, “What is it?” She asked. I said I didn’t know.Just then, my father cam e over, “Are you enjoying 6 (your), you two?” he asked. Then he saw the strange black thing, “What’s that?” he said, bendi ng down to take a 7 (close) look. Suddenly he said, “Quickly, kids, 8 (get) away from here .Go and play somewhere else.” Then my father called the police. The police studied the thing 9 (careful)After 10 (arrive), and finally they told us it was a 11 (Japan) bomb(炸弹) from World War II. Sometimes they got 12 (wash) up on the beaches there.（七）A little girl called Fan Yi has caught many people’s att ention 1 (recent). The little writer’s first English story, Sword bird, (剑鸟)was on the New York Times’ bestseller list for children’s fiction.（虚构小说）Fan Yi 2 (born) in Beijing in 1993.She finished her 3 (one) grade of primary school in Beijing and then moved to the US with her parents at the age of 7. She 4 (interest) in birds greatly since she 5 (be) a little girl.When Fan was studying 6 (America) history at school, she read many 7 (article) about the September 11 Attacks. She wanted all people 8 (live) in peace with each other .Around that time, she 9 (have) a dream one night. In the dream, some birds fought with each other. Fan 10 (get) an idea from the dream and turned it into a story. In it, she showed 11 (she ) idea of peace in the world.In the future, Fan will write 12 (many) books for the Sword birds series .Will she become another J.K.Rowing? We will have to wait and see.（八）Have you visited the World Expo (世博会) 1 (hold)in Shanghai in 2010? I visited the American pavilion（展馆）and I was very surprised with the 2 (develop)of shanghai .There were a great number of 3 (visitor) visiting the American pavilion, and they would not mind 4 (wait) for a long time to visit it. Plenty of American food 5 (provide) at the Expo. What most interested me was that the American pavilion is like a movie theater. The American pavilion uses a three-part, high –tech （高科技化的）video 6 (tell) the story of the American spirit to visitors around the world. The people who watched the American “4-D”show were pleased and7 (excite).I just spent the day 8 (run) around the city and walking through the World Expo. I was so surprised. What has happened in Shanghai has 9 (hard) happened in the history of the world in such a short time. High buildings are 10 (rise) everywhere in the city. Large ships head up and down the Huangpu River. New highways appear in every direction(方向), and every day a number of cars and buses run on 11 (they). The subways are also longer than before .How great Shanghai is! How great China is ! I’m very 12 (pride)as a Chinese.(九)You may know the song Happy Birthday very well .But do you know about its writer? It was written by an American girl. And now she 1 (become)a very rich womanWhen she was a child, she was poor. Once she 2 (invite) to her 3 (friend) birthday party .She was very pleased but sad because she had not enough money 4 (buy) presents for her. “The party 5 (come) soon. Now I have little money. ”Tears ran down her face.Later that night she was in bed, 6 (think) about the presents when the door opened and in came her grandma, “What 7 (happen)?” her grandma asked. Hearing the girl’s story, she said. “Don’t worry, I think I can help you .How about singing a song together? Happy birthday to …”What a beautiful song! They sang and sang. Suddenly she 8 (wake) up. It was a dream! She decided to write it down at once and 9 (sing) it to her friends at the party.When she sang the song at the party the next day, her little friends 10 (be) very happy. “How wonderfully she sings! We 11 (not hear) such a song before. Thank you for giving us the special present. ”said one of t hem .And they learnt to sing it together. Later the girl became well 12 (know) in America.( 十)Will it matter i f you don’t take your breakfast? A short time ago, a test 1 (give) in the United States. People of different 2 (age) from 12 to 83 3 (ask) to have a test. During the test, some people were given all kinds of breakfasts and some got no breakfast at all. Scientists wanted 4 (see) how well 5 (they) bodies worked when they had different kinds of breakfasts.The results show that if a person 6 (eat) a right breakfast ,he or she will work 7 (well) than if he or she has no breakfast .If a student has fruit ,eggs bread and milk before 8 (go) to school, he will learn more quickly and listen 9 (careful) in class .The results also show that 10 (have)no breakfast will not help you 11 (lose)weight .This is because people become so hungry at noon that they eat too much for lunch, So they will gain weight instead of 12 (lose)weight.（十一）Allen studied in a city far from her hometown. One day, she went to buy a blue umbrella for her mother as a birthday present because 1 (she) was old and broken.On her way back to school, Allen felt thirsty and went into a tea house for a drink. There 2 (be) so many people in it. She found a seat and 3 (sit) at a table. She put the umbrella behind the chair. After she finished her cup of tea, she looked at the watch, it was nearly the time for classes in the afternoon. She 4 (hurry) out and back to school. Suddenly, she found that she 5 (leave) her umbrella in the tea house. She ran back to the tea house, but the umbrella was no longer there.She co uldn’t stop herself from 6 (cry), and she told the people around about the blue umbrella, which was a birthday present for her mother. The people all felt sorry for her. Then the 7 (own) of the tea house came and a sked for her mother’s address. He said if someone took it away by mistake and came 8 (return) the umbrella, he 9 (send) it to her mother. The girl told him her mother’s address, thanked him 10 (polite) and then leftA few days a fter her mother’s birthday, Allen got a letter from her mother, which said, “Dear Allen, thank you for your 11 (present). But could you tell me why you sent me so many blue umbrellas from different 12 (place)?”(十二)Amanda is a very kind girl. She is always willing 1 (help) people who are in trouble. Now Amanda is studying in the University of Texas. At the same time, she 2 (volunteer) to work at Heart House in her spare time. Heart House is a local after-school program for 3 (child). It offers some extra education to those children who are not doing well in their school.Amanda goes to Heart House to teach the children 4 (two) a week. She has also set up a website for Heart House .In this way, more people will have 5 (chance)to learn about Heart House and help the children there.For Amanda, voluntary work is not only good for others, but also good for her studies. “I like coaching those kids and 6 (tell) them how to study .The 7 (happy) thing is that I can also learn a lot from them,” Amanda says.Thanks to Amanda’s web site, every week 125 volunteers spend about four hours 8 (help) the children at Heart House now. “9 (with) Amanda’s website, Heart House would not be able to have enough volunteers. She 10 (support) our program a lot .We appreciated her help,” the program leader says.Beat of all, Amanda says that she 11 (not give)up volunteering after 12 （leave）school. She hopes to continue teaching those children who need help.(十三)Once there was a piano player in a bar. People came just to hear him 1 (play). But one night, a lady asked him 2 (sing) a song. “I don’t sing,” Said the man .But the l ady told the waiter, “I’m tired of 3 (listen) to the piano. I want the 4 (play) to sing”The waiter 5 (shout) across the room, “Hey, friend! If you want to get paid, sing a song!”So he did .He had never sung in public before .Now he was singing for the 6 (one) time! Nobody had ever heard the song. He sang so 7 (beautiful)!He had talent(天赋) he was sitting on !He may have lived the rest of 8 (his) life as a no-name piano player in a no-name bar. But once he found, by accident, that he could sing well, he went on 9 (work) hard and became one of the best –known 10 (singer) in the US. His name was Nat king Cole.You, too, have skills and abilities. You may not feel that your talent is great, but it maybe 11 (good) than you think, with hard work most skills can 12 (improve). Besides, you may have nosuccess at all if you just sit on your talent.（十四）Are you the only child in the family? If so, you are 1 (important) in your family. 2 (parent) are the closest people to you in the world. But a lot of middle school students have a problem. They feel they’re not as close to their parents as before. They even think their parents are 3 (fair) to them.Some students complain that their parents say a lot to 4 (they), but never listen to them. Some of them even say it 5 (angry).“My par ents d on’t allow me 6 (play) computer games, but other classmates are doing that.”Others say, when they 7 (make) phone calls to friends, their parents like to ask if they’re speaking to a boy or a girl. These make them very 8 (happy).Some students even decide 9 (leave) home. But they don’t know 10 (run) away may bring them some more problems .Show your parents you’re growing up. Then they’ll feel you’re no11 (long) a small child.If you follow the advice, you 12 (have) a happy life and never think of running away.( 十五)It was almost 9:00 p.m. When Mary left her office to go home, it 1 (snow). She started her car and drove back to her home in the country.The snow was heavy. Then Mary crossed a small bridge. 2 (Sudden) the car rushed out of the bridge which 3 (cover) with ice. Mary 4 (hit) her head on the steering wheel(方向盘) and lost consciousness(知觉).When she 5 (wake) up, her head was bleeding (流血), and she was shaking from the Cole .She didn’t know where she 6 (be). Mary opened her car door and looked around. She was under the bridge, and her car 7 (sit) on the frozen river! She felt very sad. She knew the ice would not hold her car for very long. She tried 8 (climb) up to the bridge several times, but she kept9 (fall) in the snow. Mary tried again and again, but still she couldn’t get up. She realized that10 (somebody) could see her under the bridge. She wa s lying in the snow, and she couldn’t move. Mary closed her 11 (eye) and waited to die.Then she heard a voice. Mary opened her eyes. There was an old man 12 (stand) over her. With the help of the old man, she stood up and walked up.词汇运用答案（一）1. was invited 2. younger 3. will be / is going to be 4 . badly 5. his 6. minutes 7. unusual 8. running 9. speaking 10. returned 11. really 12. simplest（二）1. keeping \ to keep 2. to join 3. family ’s 4. be used 5. quietly 6. Later 7. him 8. first 9. being 10.were 11. have lost 12. memories（三）1. were digging 2. to watch 3 .replied 4. impossible 5. time 6.filled 7. kinds 8. confidently 9.have found 10. could be reached 11.yourself 12.more（四）1. cook 2.had 3.not to see 4. graduating5. kids6. had been7. her8. dead9. read 10. However 11. lost 12. crying （五）1. Doing 2. planning 3. duties 4. to do 5. clearly 6. cleverer 7. carefully 8. to sit 9. to help 10. teaches 11. helpful 12. happily（六）1. playing 2. named 3. was looking 4. to have 5. pointing 6. yourselves 7. closer 8. get 9. carefully 10. arriving 11. Japanese 12. washed（七）1. recently 2. was born 3. first 4. has been interested 5. was 6. American 7. articles 8. to live 9. had 10. got 11. her 12. more（八）1. held 2. development 3. visitors 4. waiting 5. was provided 6. to tell 7. excited 8 .running 9. hardly 10. rising 11. them 12. proud（九）1. has become 2.was invited 3. friend’s 4. to buy 5. is coming 6. thinki ng 7. happened 8.woke 9. sing 10.were 11. haven’t heard 12. known（十）1. was given 2. ages 3. were asked 4. to see 5. their 6. eats 7. better 8. going 9. more carefully 10. having 11. lose 12. losing（十一）1. hers 2. were 3. sat 4. hurried 5. had left 6. crying 7. owner 8. to return 9. would send 10. politely 11. presents 12. places（十二）1. to help 2. is volunteering 3. children 4. twice 5. chances 6. telling 7. happier 8. helping 9. without 10. has supported 11. won’t 12. leaving（十三）1. play 2. to sing 3. listening 4. player 5. shouted 6. first 7. beautifully 8.his 9.working 10. singers 11.better 12.be improved（十四）1. the most important 2 . Parents 3. unfair 4. them 5. angrily 6. to play 7. are making 8. unhappy 9. to leave 10. running 11. longer 12. will have（十五）1. was snowing 2. Suddenly 3. was covered 4. hit 5. woke 6. was 7. was sitting 8.to climb 9. falling 10.nobody 11. eyes 12. standing。