英美文学鉴赏3

英美文学作品鉴赏鲁迅曾说：“故事要从现在讲起，英雄从鲁迅做起。

”然而，在欣赏英美文学作品之前，我们还是要从源头出发，追溯到英美文学的发展历程，了解其背后的文化、思潮和历史。

一、英美文学的发展历程英美文学的起源可以追溯到中世纪的史诗和传说，在《贝奥武夫》、《亚瑟王传说》等作品中体现了当时社会文化和价值观念。

随着文艺复兴的到来，英美文学迎来了蓬勃发展的黄金时期。

莎士比亚的作品成为英文戏剧的代表，他的《哈姆雷特》、《罗密欧与朱丽叶》等剧作至今仍具有重要影响力。

随着工业革命和现代主义思潮的兴起，英美文学的题材和风格也发生了转变。

维多利亚时期的文学以浪漫主义和现实主义为主，经典代表作有狄更斯的《雾都孤儿》、莱尔的《咏史诗》等。

现代主义文学则更加注重对内心世界和对传统的反思，乔伊斯的《尤利西斯》、福克纳的《喧哗与骚动》等作品成为现代主义文学的典范。

二、英美文学作品的鉴赏1. 《哈姆雷特》《哈姆雷特》是莎士比亚最著名的剧作之一，讲述了丹麦王子哈姆雷特为父亲的死而悲伤，追求真相并寻求复仇的故事。

这部戏剧通过对人性、道德和权力的探讨，展现了人类内心的复杂和矛盾。

哈姆雷特作为一个智慧而矛盾的角色，他的独白和哲理性的思考赋予了整个作品深刻的内涵。

2. 《傲慢与偏见》简·奥斯汀的《傲慢与偏见》是一部脍炙人口的爱情小说，通过对英国上层社会和婚姻制度的描绘，展现了女性对自由和尊严的追求。

小说中的伊丽莎白·班内特是一个聪明机智、不拘小节的女性形象，在与达西先生的爱情故事中，她逐渐认识到自己先入为主的偏见，学会了宽容和宽恕。

3. 《老人与海》海明威的《老人与海》是一部以渔夫与大海之间的斗争为主线的小说，通过描写老渔夫与巨大的马林鱼的搏斗，表达了人与命运的较量和对人生意义的思考。

小说中的老人桑提亚哥展现了坚毅、无私以及对自然界的敬畏，他的形象代表了人类面对困难时的无畏精神和顽强生活。

三、如何进行英美文学作品鉴赏1.了解作品背景：掌握作者的生平背景、时代背景和创作动机，深入了解作品在当时社会文化和思潮中的位置。

Introduction of English LiteraturePart 1. The Anglo-Saxon Period (449-1066)The literature of this period falls naturally into two divisions – Pagan and Christian.代表作品The Song of BeowulfPart 2. The Anglo-Norman Period (1066-1350)The literature: The literature which they brought to England is remarkable for its bright, romantic tales of love and adventure, inmarked contrast with the strength and somberness（浓重，晦涩）of Anglo-Saxon poetry.Work: Sir Gawain and the Green KnightPart 3. Geoffrey Chaucer (1340-1400)The literature: Chaucer’s creative work vividly reflected the changes which had taken root in English culture of the second halfof the 14th century. The foundations（根基）of the feudal（封建）system had already begun to crumble（瓦解）。

Work: The Canterbury TalesPart 4. The Renaissance (the 16th century 1500 --)The literature: The 16th century in England was a period of the breaking up of feudal relations and the establishing of thefoundations of capitalism. The progress of bourgeois（中产阶级）economy made England a powerful state. In the firsthalf of the 16th century there appeared lyrical poems byThomas Wyatt; In the second half of the 16th centurylyrical poetry became widespread in England. The epochof Renaissance witnessed a particular development ofEnglish drama.Work: Works of Shakespeare(1)The first original play written in about 1590 was King Henry.(2)Hamlet: it is considered to be the summit of Shakespeare’s art(3)The Merchant of VeniceWorks of Francis Bacon(1)Of Truth(2)Of StudiesPart 5. The Period of Revolution and Restoration (The 17th Century) The literature: The 17th century was one of the most tempestuous periods in English history. The contradictions between the feudalsystem and the bourgeoisie had reached its peak andresulted in a revolutionary outburst. In literature also thePuritan Age was one of confusion, due to the breaking upof old ideals. In 1642, the theatres were closed. The Biblebecame now the one book of the People. The Puritaninfluence in general tended to suppress literary art.(Note: Puritans believed in simplicity of life)Work: Works of John MiltonParadise Lost (Book I)Part 6. The Age of Enlightenment in England (The 18th Century)The literature: With the advent of the 18th century, in England, as in other European countries, there sprang into life a publicmovement known as the Enlightenment. TheEnlightenment on the whole, was an expression of struggleof the progressive class of bourgeoisie against feudalism.The enlighteners fought against class inequality, prejudicesand other survivals of feudalism. Fighting the survivals offeudalism, the enlighteners, at the same time, were proneto accept bourgeois relationships as rightful andreasonable relationships among people.Works:1．Daniel Defoe (1661-1731) 丹尼尔-笛福Robinson Crusoe 《鲁滨孙飘流记》2. Jonathan Swift (1667-1745) 约拿旦-斯威夫特Gulliver’s Travels (1726) 《格列佛游记》3. Henery Fielding (1707-1745)Tom Jones 《汤姆-琼斯》Part 7. The Romantic Period (1798-1832)Literature: After the Industrial Revolution, Britain became the “workshop of the world”and the English bourgeoisie fattened on worldtrade. The Industrial Revolution pushed the bourgeoisie to thedominant position in the country. It became the ruling class.The “Enclosure Movement”, the peasants became landless andhad to find new ways of living. July 14, 1789 saw a greatevent in Europe. That was the French Revolution. TheRevolution proclaimed the natural rights of man and theabolition of class distinctions. It was amid these socialconflicts mentioned. Above that Romanticism arose as a mainliterary trend, which prevailed in England during the period of1798-1832.Works:1．George Gordon, Lord Byron （拜伦）(1788-1824)(1) His first volume of poems, Hours of Idleness (1807) 《懒散的时刻》(2) Childe Harold Pilgrimage (1812) 《恰尔德-哈洛尔德游记》2. Jane Austen (1775-1817)(1) Northanger Abbey 《诺桑觉寺》(2) Persuasion 《劝导》(3) Sense and Sensibility 《理智与情感》(4) Pride and Prejudice 《傲慢与偏见》(5) Mansfield Park 《曼菲尔德庄园》(6) Emma 《爱玛》Each is perfect, and there is no choosing between them for one who enjoys her quiet irony and her simple delicate analysis of character.Part 8. The Victorian Age – Critical Realism in England (1832-1868) Literature: The precision may limit the Victorian Period to the years between the Queen’s accession in 1837 and her death in 1901,but a new era really began with the passage of the ReformBill in 1832 and closed at the end of the Boer War in 1902.The critical realism of the 19th century flourished in theforties and in the beginning of fifties. The realists first setthemselves the task of criticizing capitalist society from ademocratic viewpoint.Works:1. Charles Dickens (1812-1870)(1) Oliver Twist 《奥利弗-特威斯特》(2) A Tale of Two Cities 《双城记》2. Charlotte Bronte (1816-1855)Jane EyrePart 9. Twentieth Century LiteratureLiterature: The end of the 19th century is a period of struggle between realistic and anti-realistic trends in art and literature. Works:1. Thomas Hardy (1840-1928) created a truthful picture of contemporary England. 《The Son’s Veto》2. Oscar Wilde (1856-1900), led the readers away from the burning issues of social reality. 《The Picture of Dorian Gray》。

专业的英美文学欣赏英美文学是世界上最为丰富多样的文学体系之一。

自16世纪伊丽莎白时代的莎士比亚开始，英美文学经历了漫长的历史发展，培育出了众多杰出的作家和经典著作。

本文将从不同的角度对专业的英美文学进行欣赏。

一、英美文学的历史英美文学的历史可以追溯到古代，比如英国的《贝奥武夫》和美国的纳瓦霍传统文学。

然而，真正的英美文学史可以追溯到16世纪的英国。

这个时期，威廉·莎士比亚成为了英国文学的代表人物，他的作品《哈姆雷特》、《罗密欧与朱丽叶》等成为经典。

18世纪的英美文学中，约翰逊的《英语词典》和美国独立战争期间的政治宣言《独立宣言》也是重要的代表作。

19世纪以来，英美文学探索了各种文学流派，从浪漫主义到现代主义，涌现出了许多重要作家，如狄更斯、奥斯丁、卡夫卡等。

二、英美文学的题材和主题英美文学擅长描写复杂的人物关系和社会问题，并以其深刻的思考和细腻的描写吸引读者。

例如，狄更斯的《雾都孤儿》展示了贫穷与财富之间的对立，奥斯丁的《傲慢与偏见》则讲述了社会等级和婚姻观念。

在美国文学中，福克纳的作品探讨了南方美国的种族和阶级问题，杰克·伦敦的《野性的呼唤》则展现了人与自然的斗争。

三、英美文学的文学流派英美文学包含了多种不同的文学流派，每个流派都有其独特的特点和风格。

浪漫主义流派强调个人情感和自然的美。

著名的浪漫主义作家包括乔治·戈登·拜伦和约翰·济慈。

现实主义流派注重真实的描写和社会问题的反映，代表作包括狄更斯的《远大前程》和艾略特的《米德尔马契特》。

现代主义流派则通过新颖的叙事方式和语言实验挑战传统文学观念，弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫和詹姆斯·乔伊斯是现代主义文学的重要代表。

四、英美文学中的女性作家英美文学中有许多优秀的女性作家，她们以独特的视角和才能为文学世界带来了新的贡献。

简·奥斯汀以她的爱情小说闻名，露易丝·梅·奥尔科特通过《小妇人》等作品描述了女性的成长和追求。

英美文学作品赏析英美文学作品是世界文学中的重要组成部分，有着独特的文化内涵和艺术风格。

以下是几个经典英美文学作品的赏析：1.《傲慢与偏见》《傲慢与偏见》是英国作家简·奥斯汀的代表作之一，是一部浪漫爱情小说。

小说主要讲述了年轻、美貌、聪明的伊丽莎白·班纳特和富家公子达西之间的故事。

这部小说将绅士风度、家族荣誉、社交礼仪等方面的观念描绘得十分逼真和深刻。

2.《麦田里的守望者》《麦田里的守望者》是美国作家J.D.塞林格的代表作之一，也是20世纪美国文学的经典之作。

小说主人公霍尔顿·考尔菲尔德在校园里的种种遭遇中，受到了现实的打击，他失去了对未来的信心，最终选择了离开学校。

小说以青年的视角，生动地反映了当时美国社会的精神恐慌和对青年的关注和热爱。

3.《唐吉诃德》《唐吉诃德》是西班牙作家米格尔·德·塞万提斯的代表作之一，也是世界文学史上最重要的小说之一。

这部小说以一个骑士形象展开了一系列荒诞而幽默的冒险故事，描绘了骑士精神中的理想、信仰、勇气和忠诚等方面的特点。

作者用轻松幽默的笔调，将普通人的奋斗和追求娓娓道来，让读者在欢笑之余，也深深地感受到了生命的意义。

4.《百年孤独》《百年孤独》是哥伦比亚作家加西亚·马尔克斯的代表作之一，是一部魔幻现实主义小说。

小说主要讲述了布恩迪亚家族七代人的故事，涵盖了哥伦比亚社会、政治、经济等多个方面的历史变迁和发展。

这部小说以其独特的文学风格和奇幻的叙事手法，成功地塑造了一幅梦幻般的哥伦比亚社会图景，它深刻地揭示了人类内心世界的各种冲突和矛盾。

以上是几个经典英美文学作品的赏析，每一部作品都有其独特的价值和意义，值得我们去阅读和了解。

英美文学赏析摘要：一、英美文学简介1.英美文学的历史发展2.英美文学的主要特点二、英美文学赏析方法1.了解作品背景2.把握作品主题3.分析文学技巧4.体会语言风格三、英美文学经典作品举例1.英国文学a.《哈姆雷特》b.《罗密欧与朱丽叶》c.《傲慢与偏见》2.美国文学a.《了不起的盖茨比》b.《老人与海》c.《杀死一只知更鸟》四、英美文学对我国的影响1.英美文学在我国的传播2.英美文学对我国文学创作的影响3.英美文学在我国的教育意义正文：英美文学赏析英美文学是世界文学宝库中的重要组成部分，其历史悠久，作品丰富多样。

为了更好地欣赏和理解英美文学作品，我们需要了解其背景知识，把握作品主题，分析文学技巧，并体会作品独特的语言风格。

一、英美文学简介英美文学起源于古英语时期，历经中世纪、文艺复兴、新古典主义、浪漫主义、现实主义、现代主义等阶段，至今已有千年历史。

英美文学作品在题材、风格、表现手法等方面各具特色，反映了不同历史时期的社会风貌和人类精神世界。

二、英美文学赏析方法1.了解作品背景在欣赏英美文学作品时，了解作品的创作背景是十分重要的。

这包括作者的生活时代、生平经历、创作意图等。

只有充分了解作品背景，才能更好地理解作品的内容和主题。

2.把握作品主题英美文学作品往往具有深刻的思想内涵和丰富的情感表现，因此把握作品主题是欣赏作品的关键。

我们可以从以下几个方面来把握作品主题：故事情节、人物形象、象征意义等。

3.分析文学技巧英美文学作品在创作过程中，作者常常运用各种文学技巧来表达主题和情感。

分析文学技巧有助于我们更深入地理解作品，例如情节安排、人物塑造、修辞手法等。

4.体会语言风格英美文学作品具有独特的语言风格，如莎士比亚的戏剧作品充满诗意，简·奥斯汀的小说语言风趣幽默。

通过体会作品的语言风格，我们可以更好地领略作品的艺术魅力。

三、英美文学经典作品举例1.英国文学英国文学历史悠久，作品丰富。

其中，《哈姆雷特》、《罗密欧与朱丽叶》和《傲慢与偏见》等作品堪称经典。

英美文学鉴赏第一篇：英美文学鉴赏英美文学鉴赏——从人物的语言角度赏析鉴赏一篇文章，我们可以从不同的角度去分析，而作品中人物的语言描写就是一个比较常见的角度。

语言描写是塑造人物形象的重要手段，一段精彩的语言描写可以鲜明地展示人物的性格，生动地表现人物的思想感情，深刻地反映人物的内心世界，让读者“如闻其声，如见其人”，使读者留下深刻的印象。

语言描写包括人物的独白和对话。

作品中出现的独白是人物心理活动的表现。

莎士比亚的四大悲剧之一《哈姆雷特》中有这样一段经典的独白：“T o be, or not to be-that is the question:Whether 'tis nobler in the mind to suffer……”父亲突然死亡，叔叔继位并且娶嫂为妻，与此同时，一个深夜，父亲冤死的鬼魂出现，让他复仇，之前精神的痛苦已使哈姆雷特的精神颓唐，而鬼魂揭露的真相又加重了他的心理负担。

在这样的情况下，哈姆雷特的内心才有这样一段独白。

这段独白反映了当时哈姆雷特内心的痛苦与纠结，他既希望可以可走出黑暗，但又摆脱不了对死亡的恐惧。

语言描写不仅反映了人物的心理活动，而且还预示并推动了整个故事的发展，从这段独白来看，我们不难看出接下来哈姆雷特会不惜一切代价复仇，而最终以悲剧收尾。

相比于独白，以对话形式出现的语言描写更常见。

从这些对话中，我们可以了解到人物的一些性格特征。

在马克•吐温的小说《汤姆•索亚历险记》中，有这样一段对话：“喂，汤姆，让我来刷点儿看看。

”汤姆想了一下，正打算答应他；可是他立刻又改变了主意：“不，不行，本，我想这恐怕不行。

要知道，波莉姨妈对这面墙是很讲究的，这可是当街的一面，不过要是后面的，你刷刷倒也无妨，姨妈也不会在乎的。

是，她对这道墙是非常讲究的。

刷这墙一定得非常精心。

我想在一千，也许在两千个孩子里，也找不出一个能按波莉姨妈的要求刷好这道墙的。

”“是吗？哎，就让我试一试吧。

Highlights of British and American Literature 《英美文学精品选读》Part I An Appreciation of English Literature 上篇：英国文学Chapter 1 Medieval Literature 中世纪英国文学Jeffery Chaucer 杰弗里•乔叟The Canterbury Tales (General Prologue)Chapter 2 The Renaissance Period 文艺复兴时期英国文学William Shakespeare 威廉•莎士比亚Sonnet 18Sonnet 29Romeo and Juliet: Part of Scene IIChapter 3 English Romantic Poetry 英国浪漫主义诗歌1. Robert Burns 罗伯特•彭斯A Red, Red RoseMy Heart’s in the Highlands2. William Wordsworth 威廉•华兹华斯I wandered lonely as a cloudComposed upon Westminster Bridge, September 3, 18023. Percy Bysshe Shelley 波西•比西•雪莱To---Ode to the West Wind4. Jane Austen 简•奥斯汀Pride and Prejudice (Chapter I)Chapter 4 The Victorian Age 维多利亚文学时期1. Charles Dickens 查尔斯•狄更斯A Tale of Two Cities ( Chapter I)2. Bronte Sisters 布朗特姐妹Charlotte Bronte 夏洛特•布朗特Jane Eyre (Chapter XXXVIII)Emily Bronte 艾米莉•布朗特Wuthering Heights (Chapter XV)3. Robert Browning 罗伯特•布朗宁My Last Duchess FerraraMeeting At NightParting at Morning4. Elizabeth Barrett Browning 伊丽莎白•巴雷特•布朗宁Sonnets from the Portuguese: 14Sonnets from the Portuguese: 43Chapter 5 Twentieth Century Literature 二十世纪文学时期1. Thomas Hardy 托马斯•哈代Tess of the D’Urberbilles (Chapter XXXV)2. Virginia woolf 维吉尼亚•沃尔夫Mrs. Dalloway (The beginning part)Part II An Appreciation of American Literature 下篇：美国文学Chapter 1: The Romantic Period 浪漫主义时期文学1. Washington Irving 华盛顿•欧文Rip Van Winkle (The beginning part)2. Ralph Waldo Emerson 拉尔夫•瓦尔多•爱默生Nature (Chapter I)3. Edgar Allan Poe 埃德加•艾伦•坡The Raven4. Nathaniel Hawthorne (1804-1864) 纳撒尼尔•霍桑The Scarlet Letter (Chapter I, II)Chapter 2: The Literature of Realism 现实主义文学时期1.Walt Whitman 惠特曼Leaves of Grass: O Captain! My Captain!Leaves of Grass: I Hear America singing2. Emily Dickinson 艾米丽•狄金森HopeI’m NobodyI heard a Fly buzz—when I died—3. Mark Twain 马克•吐温The Adventures of Tom Sawyer （Chapter I）Chapter 3: Twentieth-century Literature 二十世纪文学时期1. Ezra Pound 埃兹拉•庞德In a Station of the MetroThe River-Merchant’s Wife: A Let ter2. Robert Frost 罗伯特•弗洛斯特The Road Not TakenStopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening3. Thomas Stearns Eliot 托马斯•斯特尔纳斯•艾略特The Waste Land (Subtitles: The Burial of the Dead)4. Francis Scott Fitzgerald 弗朗西斯•司各特•菲兹杰拉德The Great Gatsby （Chapter III）5. Ernest Hemingway 厄尼斯特•海明威The Old Man and the Sea （Chapter XXVII, XXVIII, XXXVIIII）6. William Faulkner 威廉•福克纳A Rose for Emily （Chapter I, II, III, IV）《英美文学精华选读》将简要介绍英美各时期的主要文学文化思潮,文学流派和代表作家。

英美文学鉴赏--美国文学部分1. Transcendentalism is a group of ideas in literature and philosophy that developed in the 1830s and 1840s as a protest against the general state of culture and society, and in particular, the state of intellectualism at Harvard University and the doctrine of the Unitarian church. They believe in an ideal spirituality that "transcends" the physical and empirical and is realized only through the individual's intuition, rather than through the doctrines of established religions.The major figures in the movement were Ralph Waldo Emerson, Henry David Thoreau Margaret Fuller.2. Modernism is a cultural movement that generally includes the progressive art of architecture, design, literature, music, dance, painting and other visual arts which emerged in the beginning of the 20th century, particularly in the years following World War I. It was a movement of artists and designers who rebelled against late 19th century academic and historic tradition, and embraced the new economic, social and political aspects of the emerging modern world.Among American writers, the best-known Modernists are T. S. Eliot, Ezra Pound, F. Scott Fitzgerald, Ernest Hemingway, William Faulkner and so on.3. Imagism was a movement in early 20th-century Anglo-American poetry that favored precision of imagery, and clear, sharp language. The Imagists rejected the sentiment and artifice typical of much Romantic and Victorian poetry. This was in contrast to their contemporaries, the Georgian poets, who were by and large content to work within that tradition.The most outstanding figures of the movement were EzraPound, Amy Lowell and Hilda Doolittle.4. Puritanism refers to the movement arising within the Church of England in the latter part of the 16th century that sought to purify, or reform, that church and establish a middle course between Roman Catholicism and the ideas of the Protestant reformers. It remained the dominant religious force in New England throughout the 17th and 18th centuries. The term Puritanism is also used in a broader sense to refer to attitudes and values considered characteristic of the Puritans.Its representative figures are Anna Bradstreet Franklin, Thomas Paine.5. Naturalism refers to the theory that literary composition should aim at a detached, scientific objectively in the treatment of natural man. The movement is an outgrowth of 19th century scientific thought. Artistically, naturalistic writings are usually unpolished in language, lacking in academic skills and unwieldy in structure. Philosophically, the naturalists believe that the real and true is always partially hidden from the eye of the individual.Notable writers were Frank Norris, Sherwood Anderson and Theodore Dreiser.6. Local colorism is a fiction and poetry that focuses on the characters, dialect, customs, topography, and other features particular to a specific region. It put emphasis on physical setting and those distinctive qualities of landscape which condition human thought and behavior. It started from1860s to the end of 19th century.Bret Hart e’s The Luck of Roaring Camp marked a significant development in the brief history of local color fiction. Another important figure was Mark Twain.7. The Lost Generation refers to a group of the disillusionedintellectuals and artists,who lived in Paris and other parts of Europe from the end of World War I to the beginning of the Great Depression. They rebelled against former ideals and values but could replace them only by despair or a cynical hedonism.Significant members included Ernest Hemingway, Ezra Pound and T. S. Eliot.8.The Jazz Age describes the period from 1918-1929,the years between the end of World WarI and the start of the Roaring Twenties; ending with the rise of the Great Depression, the traditional values of this age saw great decline while the American stock market soared. The age takes its name from F. Scott Fitzgerald and jazz music, which saw a tremendous surge in popularity among many segments of society.The dominant figure of this period was F. Scott Fitzgerald.9. The American Dream is the concept widely held in the United States of America, that through hard work, courage and determination one can achieve prosperity (often associated with the protestant work ethic). Today, in America it generally refers to the idea that one's prosperity depends upon one's own abilities and hard work, not on a rigid class structure, though the meaning of the phrase has changed over America's history. The course of Clinton was the classic example of ―The American Dream‖.10. Psychological realism is a kind of ideological trend of literature which appears in the traditional literature in the course from realism to modernism. It recognizes that what is real to the individual is that which he or she perceives. It is the ground for the use of the centered consciousness, or the first-person narrator, since both of these present reality only as somethingperceived by the focal character.Henry James was the founder whose works are The American, The Portrait of a Lady.诗歌欣赏I．The Wild Honey Suckle (开头：Fair flower, that dost so comely grow, hid in this silent, dull retreat……)1. Writer :Philip Freneau2. Theme: 1.In this poem the poet expressed a keen awareness of the loveliness and transience of nature. It implies that life and death are inevitable law of nature.2.In the author's opinion, the origin land in America was filled with beauty and myth.3. Technique of this poem :The central image is a native wild flower, which makes a drastic difference from elite flower images typical of tradition English poems.Exaggeration personification Alliteration ,assonance, masculine rhyme used in the poem also produce musical or melodious and harmonious, which matches the beauty of the flower. The poem contains iambics trochaics and spondee.II. Annabel Lee （开头：It was many and many years ago, ina kingdom by the sea……Annabel Lee）1. Writer: Allen Poe2. Theme : Eternal love. The love between the narrator and Annabel Lee is so strong and beautiful and pure that even the seraphs, the highest order of angels in heaven, envy it. The love remains alive–eternal–because the souls of the lovers remain united .3.Techiques of the poem:1)Melancholy is the most legitimate of all the poetic tones.2)Use of Alliteration to create pleasing sound patterns.3)Imagery and figurative language: Imagery–Darkness and Light Implied and explicit images of darkness and light occur throughout the poem.Poe implies t hat the kingdom by the sea is a bright, cheerful place where the sun shines on two young lov ers, the narrator and Annabel Lee.III. Because I could not stop for death(开头: Because I could not stop for death, he kindly stopped for me…..结尾…were toward eternity)1. Writer Emily Dickinson2 Theme：Religion & Faith Life & Death Beauty & Truth Love & Marriage Nature Friendship Time & Eternity3.Techniques of the poem: Alliteration Anaphora 首语重复, Personification ,Metaphor ,Paradox Imagery and Figurative languageIV. In a Station of the Metro(全诗：The apparition of these faces in the crowded; petals on a wet, black bough)1. Writer: Ezra Pound2.Theme: Although the society is depressed and helpless, there is still hope in everybody’s heart .The lovely face meant a promising future .The poem is just like a mirror which reflects the hopeful song in the soul of human beings3. Techniques of the poem: Metaphor: the petals obviously indicate the lovely faces Contrast: the first line and the second line are using the contrast.V. Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening（开头whose woods these are I think I know, his house is in the village though…结尾and miles to go before I sleep）1. Writer: Robert Frost2. Theme: this poem stresses a central conflict between man's enjoyment of natural beauty and his responsibility in society. Thisshows a man's despairing courage to seek out the meaning of life.3.Writing Skills(1) Rhythm and Rhyme (2) Rhetorical Device:Alliteration (头韵sound & sleep; dark & deep 头韵) Personification (拟人―he‖—horse ―My little horse must think it queer.‖ Repetition(重复―and miles to go bef ore I sleep,)and miles to go before I sleep. ‖Images/Symbolism (意象象征)VI．Anecdote of the Jar (开头I placed a jar in Tennessee, and around it was, upon a hill…结尾like nothing else in Tennessee)1. Writer: Wallace Stevens2. Theme: It is only about a jar literally, but figuratively reflect more about the relationship between nature and humans. The jar means humanity, culture, art and artistic imaginations. The nature is a desultory world and only ideas can make it united as a whole. Art is magic. It fantasize the nature. Without art, we are nothing and dead.3. Technique of this poem, the most important one is symbolism and surrealism. For example, the ―I‖ in the poem maybe not refers to the writer Wallace Stevens himself, it can be anyone. And the jar symbolize art, while the wilderness in Tennessee is the symbol of nature.1. What are the stylistic features of Hemingway’s novels?海明威小说的主要特色是什么？Hemingway’s novels are mainly concerned with ―tough‖ people, known for Hemingway hero of athletic prowess and masculinity and unyielding heroism, whose essential courage and honesty are implicitly contrasted with the brutality of civilized society. He deals with a limited range of characters in quite similar circumstances and measures them against anunvarying code, known as ―grace under pressure‖, which is actually an attitude towards life that Hemingway had been trying to demonstrate in his works. In the general situation of his novels, life is but a losing battle; however it is also a struggle man can demonstrate in such a way that loss becomes dignity; man can be physically destroyed but never defeated spiritually.Hemingway once said, ―The dignity of movement of an iceberg is due to only one-eighty of it being above water.‖ Typical of this ―iceberg‖ analogy is Hemingway’s style: Hemingway’s economical writing style often seems simple, but his method is calculated. In his writing, Hemingway provided detached descriptions of action, using simple nouns and verbs to capture scenes precisely. By doing so he avoided describing his characters’emotions and thoughts directly. Hemingway was deeply concerned with authenticity in writing . Besides, Hemingway develops the style of colloquialism initiated by Mark Twain. The accents and mannerisms of human speech are well presented, and the use of short, simple words and sentences has an effect of clearness, terseness and great care.2. Discuss the symbolism in Melville’s novel Moby-Dick.简述麦尔维尔长篇小说《白鲸》的象Published in 1851, Moby-Dick is considered a masterpiece by Melville. Holding the thesis that ―All visible objects are but as pasteboard mask‖, Melville strikes through the surface of his adventurous narrative to formulate concepts of good and evil imbedded as allegory in its events. Under Melville’s pen, Moby-Dick turns out to be a symbolic voyage of the mind in quest of the truth and knowledge of the un iverse, a spiritual exploration into man’s deep reality and psychology. Melville uses symbols as representations of different ideas, and through facts and incidents to acquire universalmeanings: the Pequod is the microcosm of human society and the voyage becomes a search for truths. The white whale, Moby Dick, symbolized nature, for it is complex, unfathomable, malignant, and beautiful as well. For the character Ahab, however, the whale represents only evil; for the author, as well as for the reader and Ishmael, the narrator, Moby Dick is an ultimate mystery of the universe, and the voyage of the mind will forever remain a search of the truth.3. What is the theme and the major character in F.S. Fitzgerald’ The Great Gatsby?菲兹杰拉德的小说伟大的盖茨比的主题和主要人物是什么？Consi dered as Fitzgerald’s finest work, The Great Gatsby, written in crisp, concise prose and told by Nick Carraway, a satiric yet sympatheric narrator, it is the story of Jay Gatsby, a young American from the Midwest, Gatsby becomes a bootlegger in order to attain the wealth and lavish way of life he feels are necessary to win the love of Daisy Buchanan, a married upper-class woman who had once rejected him. The story ends tragically with Gatsby’s destruction. The book deals the bankruptcy of the protagonist’s personal dreams due to the clashes between their romantic vision of life and the sordid reality.The hero of the novel, Gatsby , is the last of romantic heroes, whose energy and sense of commitment takes him in search of his personal grail. Gatsby’s failur e magnifies to a great extent the end of the American dream. The protagonist’s pursuit of his dream only proves to be nothing but an illusion. Nevertheless, the affirmation of hope and expectation is self-asserted in the characters.4. What is the theme, stylistic features and the major character in Dreiser’s Sister Carrie?德来塞的《嘉丽妹妹》的主要人物主题结构，语言风格和艺术特点。