英美文学赏析 ode on solitude

英国文学史名词解释Ode 颂诗is adignified and elaborately structured lyric poem of some length, praising and glorifying an individual, commemorating an event or describing nature intellectually rather than emotionally.Elegy挽歌: it seeks for "lament". It is a poem on death or on a serious loss; characteristically a sustained meditation expressing sorrow and, frequently, an explicit or implied consolation Anapset短短长格: a metrical foot of three syllables, the first two short, the last longCaesura 停顿a break or pause in a line of poetry, dictated by the natural rhythm of the language and sometimes enforced by punctuation.Epic史诗:It’s a long narrative poem celebrating the great deeds of one or more legendary heroes, majestic in theme and style.Romance 传奇a type of literature that was popular in the Middle Ages, usually containing adventures and reflecting the spirit of chivalry. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight was a great verse romance, but its author remains unknown.Alliteration押头韵is the use in speech or writing of several words close together that all begin with the same letter or sound.Ballad民谣: It is a story in poetic form, often about tragic love and usually sung. Ballads were passed down from generation to generation by singers. The medieval ballads are ballads of Robin Hood. Coleridge’s "The Rime of the Ancient Mariner" is a 19th century English ballad.Heroic couplet英雄体: They are poetry composed in iambic pentameter. In this form of poetry, lines consisting of five iambic feet rime together in pairs. The rime scheme :aa bb cc …..poet’s corner 诗人角a part of Westminster Abbey, London, which contains the tombs or monuments of some famous English poets, such as Geoffrey Chaucer and John Milton. Renaissance文艺复兴: Renaissance marks the transition from the medieval to the modern world. It first started in Italy in the 14th century and gradually spread all over Europe. The word “Renaissance” means rebirth or revival.Sonnet十四行诗: A lyric poem of fourteen lines whose ryhme scheme is fixed. The rhyme scheme in the Italian form as typified in the sonnets of Petrarch is abbaabba cdecde.Blank verse无韵诗: A poem written in unrhymed iambic pentameter.Spenserian Stanza斯宾塞诗体: It’s a verse from that consists of eight iambic pentameter lines followed by a ninth line of six iambic feet, with the rhyme scheme ababbbccdd.Enlightenment启蒙运动: The Enlightenment was a progressive intellectual movement throughout Western Europe in the 18th century. It was an expression of struggle of the bourgeoisie against feudalism.Sentimentalism感伤主义: Sentimentalism appeared in the middle of the 18th century, as a reaction against commercialism and the cold rationalism.Pre-romanticism:前浪漫主义 The Romantic Movement was marked by a strong protest against the bondage of Classicism, by a renewed interest in medieval literature.----representatives ---William Blake and Robert BurnsRomanticism浪漫主义 : Romanticism was in effect a revolt of the English imagination against the neoclassical reason, which prevailed from the days of Pope to those of Johnson.Neo-classicism新古典主义: A revival in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries of classical standards of order, balance and harmony in literature.Elegy挽歌: it seeks for "lament". It is a poem on death or on a serious loss; characteristically asustained meditation expressing sorrow and, frequently, an explicit or implied consolation Realism现实主义: A term used in literature and art to present life as it really is without sentimentalizing or idealizing it.Epigram诙谐短诗：an epigram is a brief, celver, and usually memorable statement.Allegory寓言: A story illustrating an idea or a moral principle in which objects take on symbolic meanings.Lake Poets湖畔诗人: Wordsworth, Coleridge and Southey have often been mentioned as the "Lake Poets" because they lived in the lake district in the northwestern part of England. The three traversed the same path in politics and in poetry, beginning as radicals and closing as conservatives.Metaphysical Poetry玄学派诗歌: is characterized by verbal wit and excess, ingenious structure, irregular meter, colloquial language, elaborates imagery, and a drawing together of dissimilar ideas.Humanism人文主义: it refers to the main literary trend and is the keynote of English Renaissance. Humanists took interest in human life and human activities and gave expression to the new feeling of admiration for human beauty, human achievement.Mystery play神秘剧: The Mystery plays of the Middle Ages were based on the bible and were particularly concerned with the stories of man’s creation, Fall and Redemption.Iambic Pentamete r五音步抑扬格: A poetic line consisting of five verse feet, which each foot an iamb__ that is, an unstressed syllable followed by a stressed one. Iambic pentameter is the most common verse line in English poetry.Anapaest抑抑扬格：An anapaest, or anapest, also called antidactylus, is a metrical foot used in formal poetry. In classical quantitative meters it consists of two short syllables followed by a long one in accentual stress meters it consists of two unstressed syllables followed by one stressed syllable.Lyric 抒情诗: A poem, brief and discontinuous, emphasizes sound and pictorial imagery rather than narrative or dramatic movement.Byronic hero拜伦式英雄: is an idealized but flawed character exemplified in the life and writings of Lord Byron.Stream of consciousness意识流: a kind of writing technique in which a character's perceptions, thoughts, and memories are presented in an apparently random form, without regard for logical sequence, chronology, or syntax.Naturalism自然主义:A literary movement seeking to depict life as accurately as possible, without artificial distortions of emotion, idealism, and literary convention. It asserts that human beings exist entirely in the order of nature.Essay小说：is a short written composition that discusses a subject or proposes an argument without claiming to be a complete or thorough exposition.Gothic novel 哥德式小说：a story of terror and suspense, usually set in a gloomy old castle or monastery.Stanza 节: a division of a poem consisting of a series of lines arranged together in a recurring pattern of meter and rhyme.legend 传奇：As a song or a narrative handed down from the past, it differs from the myth on the basis of the elements of historical truth it containsCritical realism批判现实主义: is a term applied to the realistic fiction in the late 19th and early20th centuries.Iamb抑扬格韵律: a metrical foot consisting of two syllables, a short one followed by a long one kenning 隐喻语 a metaphor usually composed of two words and used for description and association.poet laureate 桂冠诗人A poet honored for his artistic achievement or selected as most representative of his country or era;Symbolism (象征主义)works under the surface to tie the story’s external action to the theme. It was often produced thr ough allegory, giving the literal event and its allegorical counterpart a one-to-one correspondence The Heroic Couplet(英雄对偶句）:1)It means a pair of lines of a type once common in English poetry, in other words, it means iambic pentameter rhymed in two lines. 2)The rhyme is masculine. 3)Use of the heroic couplet w as first pioneered by Geoffrey Chaucer.Modernism现代主义is marked by a rejection of tradition, and an interest in new ways of doing old things. Also, there was a belief that the application of science and technology could change the world for the better.8)William Blake ( 1757—1827)1) LifeHe lived into the 19th century. In his lifetime, he was not considered a very important poet. Now he is universally acknowledged as one of the most important poets in English literature. His father recognized his talent and sent him to school.His visionary梦想的experience:Classicism典范: reason, order, law, art techniquesHe believed the power of imagination. With it a poet can reach out. Blake and Burns彭斯—the romantic revival复活—to break away with the convention习俗，协议2) His workSongs of Innocence天真之歌→delightSongs of Experience经验之歌→confusion困惑They show two contrary states of human soulsLondon:I wander thro’ each charter’d street, near where the ….It is taken from The Songs of Experience. Blake apparently drew from his personal observations and gives a comprehensive综合的picture of the many miseries, physical and spiritual, in the English capital.资本家Background: industrial revolution, the fog cityThe scene was in London, in Blake’s time.The Tiger:tiger!tiger!burning bright in the forests of the night…..It is from The Songs of Experience. It is one of Blake’s be st known poems. The apparently simple questions of curiosity and puzzlement. What imagination inspires the creator1.The image of the maker is complete. the process of creating tiger.Religions allusion暗指: lamb羊羔The whole poem is consisted of questions—are not able to be answeredThe Chimney-Sweeper扫烟囱的孩子:a little black thing among the snow cring” weep, weep” in notes of woe!The short lyric contains chiefly the simple yet somewhat ironical speech of a boy chimney9 ) Robert Burns罗伯特。

关于孤独的英文诗歌欣赏孤独的时候，我们感觉自己犹如身处一所地狱般监狱。

小编精心收集了关于孤独的英文诗歌，供大家欣赏学习!关于孤独的英文诗歌篇1Solitude 孤独Laugh, and the world laughs with you;Weep, and you weep alone.For the sad old earth must borrow it's mirth,But has trouble enough of its own.Sing, and the hills will answer;Sigh, it is lost on the air.The echoes bound to a joyful sound,But shrink from voicing care.Rejoice, and men will seek you;Grieve, and they turn and go.They want full measure of all your pleasure,But they do not need your woe.Be glad, and your friends are many;Be sad, and you lose them all.There are none to decline your nectared wine,But alone you must drink life's gall.Feast, and your halls are crowded;Fast, and the world goes by.Succeed and give, and it helps you live,But no man can help you die.There is room in the halls of pleasureFor a long and lordly train,But one by one we must all file onThrough the narrow aisles of pain.笑则天下笑，泣则独自泣。

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On the Beauty of Ode on a Grecian UrnAs a famous poem of John Keats’ main works, Ode on a Grecian Urn is a remarkable classic to people from generation to generation。

One of the reasons why it is renowned is thanks to the excellent poet, John Keats, who is extremely gifted but died young. Besides Ode on a Grecian Urn，in his short but precious poetry life，there emerges several other popular works, to illustrate，To a Nightingale, To Psyche，The Eve of St. Agnes and so on。

Full of various beauties, Ode on a Grecian Urn is very worthy appreciating on its theme, images and rhetorical forms。

Through depicting an exquisite Grecian Urn made a thousand years ago, the poet expresses his strong admiration to the artist’s innovative skill which shocks him greatly。

《Solitude独处》英语美文SolitudeBy Henry David ThoreauI find it wholesome to be alone the greater part of the time. To be in company, even with the best, is soon wearisome and dissipating. I love to be alone. I never found the companion that was so companionable as solitude. We are for the most part more lonely when we go abroad among men than when we stay in ourchambers. A man thinking or working is always alone, let him be where he will. Solitude is not measured by the miles of space that intervene between a man and his fellows. The really diligent student in one of the crowded hives of Cambridge College is as solitary as a dervish in the desert. The farmer can work alone in thefield or the woods all day, hoeing or chopping, and not feel lonesome, because he is employed; but when he comes home at night he cannot sit down in a room alone, at the mercy of his thoughts, but must be where he can "see the folks" and recreate, and, as he thinks, remunerate himself for his day’s solitude; and hence he wonders how the student can sit alone in the house all night and most of the day without ennui and :the blues:; but he does not realize that the student, though in the house, is still at work in his field, and chopping in his woods, as the farmer in his, and in turn seeks the same recreation and society that the latter does, though it may be a more condensed form of it.我发现人若大部分时间用于独处，将有益身心。

蒲伯的《隐居颂》：注释: the first stanza can be rewritten like this: the man is happy, whose wish and care are bound by a few paternal acres, and who is content to breathe his native air in his own ground. 其意思相当于《中庸》上所说的“君子素位而行，不愿乎其外。

”Jude The Obscure 中有一句话说：a contented mind is a continual feast.(Jude the Obscure.P378) Whose herds with milk, /whose fields with bread,/Whose flocks supply him with attire; 前两行省略了“supply him with”。

Attire：服装。

unconcern’dly，即unconcernedly：漫不经心，无忧无虑，悠然自得。

第三节可以改写成：Blest is the man who can unconcern’dly find Hours, days, and years slide soft away In health of body and in peace of mind 相当于“ I see him leave.”这样的句子。

study and ease /Together mix’d; sweet creation;/And innocence, which most does please/With meditation. 他劳逸结合，有令人欢喜的娱乐活动，还有天真的性情。

这天真的性情与沉思结合起来，最使他高兴。

内容解析：避开尘世的烦扰，与世无争，潜心学术，并悠然自得地享受田园生活，这是最幸福的。

Part Five Romanticism in EnglandⅠ. Choose the right answer.1.Romanticism fights against the ideas of ______.A. realismB. RenaissanceC. EnlightenmentD. feudalism2.The main literary stream is ____.A. poetryB. novelsC. proseD. periodicals3.____ has a another name called “The Daffodils”.A. “The Rime of the Ancient Mariner”B. “Tintern Abbey”C. “Revolution”D. “I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud”4.Coleridge’s _____ is a “conversation” poem.A. Frost at MidnightB. “The Rime of the Ancient Mariner”C. ChristabelD. Biographia Literaria5.Byron’s ____ is regarded as the great poem of the Romantic Age.A. Childe Harold’s PilgrimageB. Hours of IdlenessC. LaraD. Don Juan6.Prometheus Unbound is ____ masterpiece.A. Wordsworth’sB. Byron’sC. Shelley’sD. Keats’7.____ lived the longest life.A. WordsworthB. ByronC. ShelleyD. Keats8.Keats’ first poem is ____.A. O SolitudeB. On First Looking into Chapman’s HomerC. PoemsD. Endymion9.Keats’ best ode is ____.A. “On a Grecian Urn”B. “To Autumn”C. “To Psyche”D. “To a Nightingale”10.The best works of William Hazlitt is ____.A. The Spirit of the AgeB. Table TalkC. The Characters of Shakespeare’s PlaysD. On the English Poets11.The publication of ______ marks the beginning of the Romantic Movement inEngland.A. “Tintern Abbey”B. Lyrical BalladsC. Frost at NightD. “The Daffodils”12.The Prelude has also been called _____.A. The Last BrazilB. The First ImpressionC. Growth of a Poet’s MindD. The Spirit of the Age13.Wordsworth’s “I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud” has also been called _______.A. “The Solitary Reaper”B. “The Daffodils”C. “The Rime of the Ancient Mariner”D. “O Solitude”14._____ is considered Wordsworth’s masterpiece.A. The PreludeB. EndymionC. Don JuanD. Biographia Literaria15.The prose writers in the English Romantic Age developed a kind of _______.A. models of classicismB. familiar essayC. rules of neo-romanticismD. ways of modernism16.The best essayist in the English Romantic Age is _____.A. KeatsB. Walter ScottC. Charles LambD. William Hazlitt17.The themes of Pride and Prejudice are _____.A. pride and prejudiceB. the writer’s own personalitiesC. love and marriageD. Both A and C18._____ is considered the father of historical novelist in the English Romantic Age.A.Jane AustenB. Charles LambC. William HazlittD. Waler Scottmb’s writings are full of ______for he is especially fond of old writers.A. romanticismB. conversationsC. inspirationsD. archaismsmb is a romanticist of ______.A. the cityB. the countrysideC. natureD. imagination21._____ is based on Boccaccio’s Decameron.A. EndymionB. Isabella D. Hyperion D. Lamia22.Critics agree that ____ is a great romantic poet, standing with Shakespeare,Milton and Wordsworth in the history English literature.A. KeatsB. WordsworthC. ColeridgeD. William23.The reader can get a broad panorama of the social life of the English RomanticAge from _____.A. Dun JuanB. The PreludeC. Kubla KhanD. Isabella24.Some critics think that some of Byron’s poems show his _____.A. individual heroism and pessimismB. love of nature and optimismC. love of old writersD. hatred for the imperialism25.One of Coleridge’s best “conventional” poems is _____.A. Kubla KhanB.Frost at NightC. ChristabelD. Biographia Literaria26.Coleridge’s best literary criticism is _________.A. Kubla KhanB.Frost at NightC. ChristabelD. Biographia Literaria27.____ is Shelley’s masterpiece.A. ZastrozziB. The Necessity of AtheismC. Queen MabD. Prometheus Unbound28._____ is a joint book by Charles Lamb and his sister.A. John WoodvilB.Essays of EliaC. Mr HD. Tales from Shakespeare29.Because of _______, Shelley was expelled from the Oxford University.A. The Masque of AnarchyB. A Defence of PoetryC. The Necessity of AtheismD. The Triumph of Life30.______ is Shelley’s first book written in ____.A. Zastrozzi; EtonB. The Necessity of Atheism; ItalyC. Queen Mab; GreeceD. Prometheus Unbound; Italy31.The Romantic Age began in____ and came to an end in _____.A. 1789...1821 B. 1778...1823 C. 1798...1832 D. 1768 (1819)32.Byron, Shelley and Keats belong to Romantic poets of ___ generation.A. the firstB. the secondC. the thirdD. the forth33.The Examiner is a famous _____ in the English Romantic Age.A. novelB. poemC. periodicalD. newspaperKey to the multiple choices:1-5 CADAD 6-10 CACDA 11-15 BCBAB16-20 CDDDA 21-25 BAAAB 26-30 BDDCA31-33 CBCⅡ. Fill in the blanks.1.In a sense, in English Romantic Age, “____” equaled “_____”.2.William Wordsworth was influenced by the _____ Revolution.3.Many subjects of Lyrical Ballads deal with elements of ____.4.Wordsworth’s The Prelude is an ____ poem.5.Writing The Prelude is a process of ____.6.Byron’s Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage is an ____ poem.7.Shelley’s works reflect his interests both in _____ and in ____ ____.8.The theme of Keats’Hyperion is the ____ between the old and the new.9.Charles Lamb’s Tales from Shakespeare is for _____.10.______ a joint work of Wordsworth and his friend Coleridge.11.The publication of Lyrical Ballads in 1798 marks the beginning of the _____ inEngland.12.The poems in Lyrical Ballads are characterized by a _____with the poor, simplepeasants, a passionate love of nature and the _____and ____of the language.13.The description of the book, ______ has been called a long journey home.14._____ was the only old romantic who never wavered in his devotion to the causeof the French Revolution.15.All his life, Hazlitt remained loyal to the principles of____, _____ and ______.16.Romanticism is applied to a European movement in the _____ to ____ century.17.The publication of Lyrical Ballads marked the break with ______.18.The Romantic Age is an age of romantic ______ and _______.19.The Romantic Age began in 1798 when William Wordsworth and Samuel TaylorColeridge published their joint work _______.20.The Romantic Age came to an end in 1832 when the last Romantic writer_______ died.21.Women as ____ appeared in the romantic age. It was during this period thatwomen took, for the first time, an important place in English literature.22.The greatest historical novelist ______was produced in the Romantic Age.23.The English Romantic period produced two major novelists: _____ and _____.24.____ is regarded as the best essayist during the Romantic Age.25.Among Wordsworth’s longer poems, the best-known one is _______.26.______ marked the transition from romanticism to the period of realism whichfollowed it.27.In 1817, _______ finished his literary criticism, Biographia Literaria.28.At the turn of the 18th and 19th century _____ appeared in England as a new trendin literature.29.In contrast to the rationalism of the enlighteners and classicists in the 18th century,the _____ paid great attention to the spiritual and emotional life of man.30.Wordsworth’s poetry is distinguished by the _____ of his language.31.Queen Mab, Pecy Bysshe Shelley’s important poem, is written in the form of a_____.32._____ was the first poet in Europe who sang for the working people. His politicallyrics are among the best of their kind in the whole sphere of European romantic poetry.33.After his second book Endymion appeared in 1818, _____ gave up medicine forpoetry.34.____’s grave bears the epitaph: “Hear lies one whose name is writ in water.”35.The Eve of St. Agnes is a narrative poem written in ______.36.The theme of ____ is the conflict between the old and the new, and the story isderived from Greek mythology. In this work, the poet expresses the eternal law of nature—the passing of an old order of things and the coming of a new.37.Modern essay originated from Montaigne’s _____, which were translated intoEnglish by Florio and had an extensive influence upon English literature.38.The first poem in the collection The Lyrical Ballads is ____ ’s masterpiece. TheRime of the Ancient Mariner.39.On the death of Robert Southey in 1843, ____ was made poet laureate.40.In 1805, Wordsworth completed ______, containing all together 14 books.41.In 1807 George Gordon Byron published his lyric poems in a small volume calledHours of Idleness. The volume was sharply attacked in the influential Edinburgh Review. Byron responded with his first important poem, a biting satire called____.42.In 1824, the Revolutionary Romantic poet ___ went to Greece to help thatcountry in its struggle for liberty against Turks. Not long, he died of fever there.43.George Gordon Byron is chiefly known for his two long poems: One is ChildeHarold’s Pilgrimage, the other is ____.44.The poem Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage contains ____ cantos. It is written inSpenserian stanza.45.George Gordon Byron wrote ____ in Italy. It contains sixteen cantos.46.George Gordon Byron’s masterpiece is ______.47.____ is George Gordon Byron’s philosophical poetic drama.48.____ is Byron’s poetic drama with the material taken from Biblical story.49.George Gordon Byron’s first volume of poems is _____.50.____ was expelled after only six months at Oxford, because he had written thepamphlet The Necessity of Atheism.51.After the death of Percy Bysshe Shelley’s first wife, he was compelled to leaveEngland in 1818, and spent all the rest of his life in _____.52.____ is Percy Bysshe Shelley’s first long poem of importance. It was written inthe form of a fairy tale dream.53._____ , a lyrical drama, is Percy Bysshe Shelley’s masterpiece. The story wastaken from Greek mythology.54.The Masque of Anarchy is one of Shelley’s political lyrics. It deals with theinfamous ____ which happened on August 16, 1819.55.Shelley wrote an elegy ______ lamenting the early death of his fellow-poet_____.56.Ode to a Nightingale was written by ____.57.Ivanhoe is the masterpiece of the historical novelist ____.58.The prose-writers in the 19th century made the informal essay a pliable (flexible)vehicle for expressing the writer’s own personality, thus ringing into English literature _____.59.____ had a bitter hatred of the meaningless drudgery (toil) which wastedtwo-thirds of his lifetime.60.To Charles Lamb, ____ was a side-occupation. His daily drudgery left little timefor his literary work.61.Specimens from English Dramatic Poets Contemporary with Shakespeare waswritten by ____.62.William Hazlitt is one of the representatives of ___ criticism, in which individualtaste took the place of universal reason as the foundation of literary criticism. 63.After the defeat of Napoleon, ____ was the only old Romantic who neverwavered in his devotion to the cause of the French Revolution.64.____ was sentenced to two years’imprisonment for denouncing the PrinceRegent, future George IV, as a rake and a liar.65.The importance of Leigh Hunt lies chiefly in his development of the lightmiscellaneous ___.66.In order to relieve the pains of facial neuralgia, ____ became “a regular andconfirmed opium-eater.”67.Thomas De Quincey is famous for the ornate descriptions of his fantasies anddreams. The major flow of his style is ____.68.____ has been universally regarded as the founder and great master of historicalnovel.Key to the blanks:1.literature; poetry2.French3.nature4.autobiographical5.self-exploration6.autobiographical7.politics; social justice8.conflict9.children10.Lyrical Ballads11.Romantic Movement 12.Sympathy; simplicity; purity13.The Prelude, or Growth of a Poet’sMind14.Hazlitt15.liberty; equality; fraternityte 18th; mid-19th17.classicism18.enthusiasm; poetry19.Lyrical Ballads20.Walter Scott21.novelist22.Walter Scott23.Water Scott, Jane Austen24.Charles Lamb25.The Prelude26.Scott27.Samuel Taylor Coleridge28.romanticism29.romanticists30.simplicity31.fairy tale dream32.Shelley33.John Keats34.John Keats35.Spenserian Stanza36.Hyperion37.Essais38.Coleridge39.Wordsworth40.The Prelude41.English Bards and Scotch Reviewers42.Byron43.Don Juan44.four45.Don Juan 46.Don Juan47.Manfred48.Cain49.Hour of Idleness50.Shelley51.Italy52.Queen Mab53.Prometheus Unbound54.Peterloo Massacre55.John Keats56.John Keats57.Scott58.the familiar essay59.Charles Lamb60.literature61.Charles Lamb62.Romantic63.William Hazlitt64.Leigh Hunt65.essay66.Thomas De Quincey67.discursiveness68.Walter ScottⅢ. Say true or false.1.English Romantic literature started from mid-18th to the early 19th century.2.Jane Austen is one of the greatest romantic woman novelists.3.After composing the Lucy poems, Wordsworth began his The Prelude .4.P.B. Shelley gained his nickname, “Mad Shelley”because of his independentand rebellious attitude.5.The rhythm scheme of “The Ode to the West Wind” is aba, bcb, cdc, ded, ee.6.Charles Lamb is a romanticist of the village life.7.Lyrical Ballads begins with Coleridge’s long poem, “Tintern Abbey”.8.Many of the subjects of the poems in Lyrical Ballads deal with elements ofnature.9.Coleridge wrote the majority of poems in Lyrical Ballads.10.Wordsworth’s “I Wondered Lonely as a Cloud” has another name, Growth of aPoet’s Mind.11.The Prelude is a long and autobiographical poem considered as Coleridge’smasterpiece.12.Hazlitt’s life and career had been greatly influenced by the rise and fall of theFrench Revolution.13.Hazlitt became a master of novels in English Romantic literature.14.Some romantic writers stood on the side of the feudal forces and even combinedthemselves with those forces.15.Wordsworth and Coleridge are revolutionary Romantic poets.16.Byron and Shelley and Keats are known as the romantic poets of the secondgeneration.17.The romanticists paid great attention to the spiritual and emotional life of man.18.The poets of the second generation described the beautiful scenes and thecountry people of that area in their writings.19.Jane Austen is a writer who regards novel writing as a sophisticated art.20.The story of Shelley’s Prometheus Unbound was taken from Roman mythology.21.Shelley is one of the leading Romantic poets, an intense and original lyrical poetin the English language.22.Byron’s Don Juan begins with descriptions of the hero’s childhood.23.Byron’s literary career was closely linked with the struggle and progressivemovements of his age.24.Byron opposed oppression and slavery, and has a passionate love for liberty.25.But some critics think Keats lacks the care for artistic finish; many of his linesare harsh, rugged and not rhythmical;26.Byron’s leading principle is “Beauty is truth, truth beauty”.mb’s essays are intensely personal.28.Keats’ essays are marked by relaxed style, conversational tone and wide rangeof subject matter.29.Wordsworth drew inspirations from the mountains and lakes.30.Wordsworth’s “Tintern Abbey” tells a strange story in the form of ballad.Key to True/False statements:1. F (from late 18th to the mid-19thcentury)2.T3.T4.T5.T6. F (city)7. F (“The Rime of the AncientMariner”)8.T9. F (Wordsworth)10.F (“The Daffodils”)11.F (Wordsworth)12.T13.F (familiar essay)14.T15.F ( Passive Romantic poets) 16.T17.T18.F (the first generation/ The LakePoets)19.T20.F (Greek)21.T22.T23.T24.T25.F (Byron)26.F (Keats)27.T28.F (Lamb)29.T30.F (Coleridge’s “The Rime of theAncient Mariner”)Ⅳ. Terms:1.Romanticismke PoetsⅤ. Questions:ment on Lyrical Ballads.ment on Charles Lamb.ment on those Lake Poets.4.What are the features of Romanticism.ment on The Prelude.ment on Endymion.ment on all the writers of the Romantic Age.8.Tell the main idea of some representative works of the Romantic writers.Part Six English Critical RealismⅠ. Choose the right answer.1.____ is the greatest representative of English critical realism.A. Jane AustenB. ThackerayC. DickensD. Charlotte2.____ is Thackeray’s one of the best known works.A. Sense and SensibilityB. The Book of SnobsC. The Pickwick PapersD. The Song of Lower Class3.Pride and Prejudice’s first title is ____.A. First ImpressionB. A Book Without a HeroC. The NewcomesD. Persuasion4.Vanity Fair has a sub-title. It is ____.A. First ImpressionB. A Book Without a HeroC. The NewcomesD. Persuasion5.In the 19th century English literature, a new literary trend ____ appeared. And itflourished in the forties and in the early fifties.A. romanticismB. naturalismC. realismD. critical realism6.English critical realism found its expression chiefly in the form of ____ .A. novelB. dramaC. poetryD. sonnet7.______’s Vanity Fair is a satirical portrayal of the upper strata(阶层) of society.A. George EliotB. Elizabeth GaskellC. W. M. ThackerayD. John Buyan8.The ____ Movement appeared in the thirties of the 19th century.A. EnlightenmentB. RenaissanceC. ChartistD. Romanticist9.The Chartist writers introduced a new theme into literature, the struggle of the_____ for its rights.A. soldiersB. peasantsC. bourgeoisieD. proletariat10.The greatest of Chartist poets was _____.A. Earnest JonesB. John MiltonC. Thomas HardyD. John Keats11.The story of ______ deals with the adventures of a retired old merchant.A. A Tale of Two CitiesB. David CopperfieldC. Pickwick PapersD. Oliver Twist12.The novel _____ exposes the terrible conditions of English private schools.A. Nicholas NicklebyB. Oliver TwistC. Hard TimesD. Great Expectations13.The story of _____ deals with the sufferings and hardships of an old man namedTrent, and his granddaughter, Nell.A. Pickwick PapersB. The Old Curiosity ShopC. Great ExpectationsD. Hard Times14.Which novel makes a fierce attack on the bourgeois system of education?A. Oliver TwistB. Hard TimesC. Great ExpectationsD. A Tale of Two Cities15.Which novel is a great satire upon the society and those people who dream toenter the higher society regardless of the social reality?A. A Tale of Two CitiesB. David CopperfieldC. Great ExpectationsD. Dombey and Son16.In the novel ______, Dickens describes the Chartist Movement and shows hissympathy for the workers.A. Great ExpectationsB. A Tale of Two CitiesC. Hard TimesD. Oliver Twist17.In the novel ___ , Defarge and Madame Defarge represent the revolutionaries.A. Dombey and SonB. A Tale of Two CitiesC. Little DorritD. Bleak House18.In the novel _____, Dr. Manette is a typical bourgeois intellectual.A. David CopperfieldB. Wuthering HeightsC. Bleak HouseD. A Tale of Two Cities19._____ is often regarded as the semi-autobiography of the author Dickens in whichthe early life of the hero is largely based on the author’s early life.A. The Curiosity ShopB. David CopperfieldC. Oliver TwistD. Great Expectations20.In 1864, Dickens published his last complete novel _______.A. The Old Curiosity ShopB. The Pickwick PaperC. Our Mutual FriendD. Little Dorrit21.Which of the following is Thackeray’s masterpiece?A. The VirginiansB. The Books of SnobsC. The NewcomesD. Vanity Fair22.The sub-title of Vanity Fair is _____.A. The First ImpressionB. A Novel Without a HeroC. The Spirit of the AgeD. The Daffodils23.The title of the novel Vanity Fair was taken from Bunyan’s masterpiece _____.A. The Pilgrim’s Pr ogressB. Child Harold’s PilgrimageC. Gulliver’s TravelsD. The Canterbury Tales24.Emily Bronte wrote only one novel entitled ______.A. Jane EyreB. Agnes GreyC. Wuthering HeightsD. Emma25.Charlotte’s Villette is based on her sad days in_____.A. GermanyB. LondonC. ParisD. Brussels26.Dickens’ third literary period shows intensifying ______.A. optimismB. excitementC. irritationD. pessimism27.______is Dickens’ best of social satires.A. American NotesB. Martin ChuzzlewitC. Dombey and SonD. David Copperfield28.Tennyson’s In Memoriam is a collection of ____ short poems.A. 130B. 131C. 132D. 13329.The chief source of Tennyson’s Idylls of the King is taken from _____.A. The History of the King of BritainB. The History of PendennisC. The History of Henny EsmondD. Morte d’Arthur.30.The Chartists refer to those _____ in the early Victorian AgeA. Romantic writersB. working class writersC. realistic poetsD. bourgeois writers31.The Victorian Literature began in____ and ended in _____.A. 1837...1900 B. 1835...1901 C. 1832...1902 D. 1830 (1903)32.The conflicts between the capitalists and the proletarian in industrial Englandcaused the ______.A. Enlightenment MovementB. Industrial RevolutionC. Chartist MovementD. Romantic Movement33._____ is the greatest among the critical realists of the Victorian Age.A. Earnest JonesB. Emily BrontёC. Charlotte BrontёD. Charles Dickens34.Charles Dickens was impressive for his _____.A. wide spread of critical realismB. his spirit of democracy and humanismC.his unforgettable figures with satire and simple and clear languageD.including A, B and C35.“The pride of wealth” or “purse-pride” is the theme of _____.A. Dombey and SonB. Nicholas NicklebyC. The Old Curiosity ShopD. Martin Chuzzlewit36.The two cities in A Tale of Two Cities refer to ____.A. London and New YorkB. London and ParisC. Paris and New YorkD. Brussels and Washington37.____ is the major literary form in the Victorian Period.A. essayB. poetryC. novelD. drama38.____ is the main hero in the novel of Wuthering Heights.A. RochesterB. HeathcliffC. ManetteD. Martin39.Both Charlotte and Emily wrote about the ____ around them.A. familiar thingsmon peopleC. neighborsD. evils40.The most important poet in the Victorian Age was _____.A. Earnest JonesB. Elizabeth GaskellC. Mr. BrowningD. Alfred Tennyson41.______ made Dickens famous overnight.A. Sketches by BozB. The Pickwick PapersC. Oliver TwistD. The Old Curiosity Shop42._____ is Dickens’ first novel of social history reflecting the sharp socialcontradictions.A. Sketches by BozB. American NotesC. Martin ChuzzlewitD. Barnaby Rudge (《巴纳比·拉奇》)43.Which of the following Dickens’ works is not based on Christmas with religiouscoloring?A. Christmas Day in the MorningB. A Christmas CarolC. The Chimes（《教堂钟声》）D. The Cricket on the Heart (《灶上蟋蟀》)44._____ is an autobiographical novel and loved by Dickens himself most.A. Great ExpectationsB. David CopperfieldC. Bleak HouseD. The Pickwick Papers45.Dickens’ writing is an encyclopedic knowledge of _____.A. ParisB. New YorkC. LondonD. Portsmoth46.The head of the gang of thieves is _____.A. FaginB. GradgrindC. PecksmiffD. Manette47._____ has been called “the supreme epic of English life”.A. Nicholas NicklebyB. A Tale of Two CitiesC. Hard TimesD. The Pickwick Papers48._____marked a great advance in Dickens’ art of novel-writing with closely knitand logical plot of his maturer works.A. David CopperfieldB. Dombey and SonC. Little DorritD. The Chimes49.In the ____ period, Charles Dickens believed that all the evils of the capitalistworld would be remedies of only men who behaved to each other with kindliness, justice, and sympathetic understanding.A. firstB. secondC. thirdD. fourth50.____ is the most class-conscious book among the Christmas books.A. A Christmas CarolB. The ChimesC. The Cricket on the HearthD. The Battle of LifeKey to the multiple choices:1-5 CBABD 6-10 ACCDA 11-15 CABBC16-20 CBDBC 21-25 DAAC D 26-30 DBBDB31-35 CCDDA 36-40 BCBAD 41-45 BDABC46-50 ADBABⅡ. Fill in the blanks.1.Dickens’ writings from 1836 to 1841 show the characteristic of youthful _______.2.Dickens’ writings from 1842 to 1850 show the character of _______.3.Dickens’ writings from 1852 to 1870 show the feature of ______.4.Nicholas Nickleby touches upon a burning question of the time—the education of____ in private schools.5._____ is a great novel of social satire and famous for its criticism of both theBritish and American bourgeoisie.6.The theme of Dombey and Son is the pride of wealth, or “_____”.7.David Copperfield was written in the ____ person in a combination of ____, senseof ____ and artistic ______.8.The main butt (目标) of satire in Bleak House is aimed at the abuses of theEnglish _____.9.In Hard Times Dickens describes the ____ movement with great artistic power.10.Dickens used ______ as his pen name in his first book.Key to the blanks:1.optimism2.excitement and irritation3.pessimism4.children5.Martin Chuzzlewit6.purse-pride7.first; verisimilitude; familiarity;maturity8.courts9.Chartist10.BozⅢ. Say true or false.1.Dickens’ The Pickwick Papers gives a rather comprehensive picture of early 19th century England.2.Mr. Pickwick and Sam Weller were two major characters in The Pickwick Papers which aroused the in3.In Oliver Twist, Dickens makes his readers aware of the inhumanity of country life under capitalism.4.The plot of Sketches by Boz is rather formless, but the novel fascinates the reader from beginnin episodes.5.The title Bleak House is not only the name of a house but is also an apt (贴切的) description of the so6.Hard Times is a fierce attack on the bourgeois system of education and ethics(论理学，道德学) and 义）.7.Dombey and Son is a novel with imprisonment, both matter-o-fact or symbolic, as its central theme.8. A Tale of Two Cities takes the Industrial Revolution as the subject.9.The theme underlying A Tale of Two Cities is the idea “Where there is oppression, there is revolution.”10.Pip is the major character in Dickens’ novel Our Mutual Friend.Key to True/False statements:1-5 TTFFT 6-10 TFFTFPart Seven Prose Writers and Poets of the Midand Late 19th CenturyⅠ. Choose the right answer.1.____is Oscar Wilde’s only novel.A. Lady Windermere’s FanB. A Woman of No ImportanceC. The Picture of Dorian GrayD. The Importance of Being Earnest2.____ is a description of the misery of man of letters.A. New Grub StreetB. The CurrentC. Charles Dickens: A Critical StudyD. The Private Papers of Henry Ryecroft3. A Dream of John Ball is a prose work which ____ recalled the peasants’ rising ofthe 14th century.A. MorrisB. GissingC. StevensonD. Wilde4.News from Nowhere is a prose work which ____ describes a dream of the futureclassless society.A. MorrisB. GissingC. StevensonD. Wilde5._____is famous for his translation of Rubaiyat.A. F. Scott FitzgeraldB. William FitzgeraldC. Robert FitzgeraldD. Edward Fitzgerald6._____ is Dante Gabriel Rossetti’s best-known poem.A. The Blessed DamozelB. Poems by D. G. RossettiC. The House of LifeD. Ballads and Sonnets7.____ is considered “the Sage of Chelsea”.A. Thomas CarlyleB. John RuskinC. Matthew ArnoldD. Tomas Macaulay8.____introduced German literature to England with his Life of Schiller.A. Thomas CarlyleB. John RuskinC. Matthew ArnoldD. Tomas Macaulay9.In ____, Carlyle contrasted the misery and confusion of industrial England with acertain Abbot Sampson’s admirable rule of his monastery in the 12th century.A. Past and PresentB. Heroes and Hero-WorshipC. Sartor ResartusD. The French Revolution10.Thomas Macaulay’s masterpiece is ___.A. History of EnglandB. Culture and AnarchyC. Heroes and Hero-WorshipD. Modern Painters11.Tennyson’s _____ expresses his optimistic attitude towards death when he is old.A. Break, Break, BreakB. Crossing the BarC. The PrincessD. Maud12.____remained a poet in his painting and a painter in his poetry.。

ode on solitude解析-回复什么是“孤独”，在“孤独”中我们可以获得什么，如果贪于追求“孤独”又可能带来什么问题？“孤独”是一种状态，一种人们处于独处的情况下所拥有的体验和感受。

这种状态不仅意味着身体的独处，更重要的是指一种内心的独处。

孤独是一个非常复杂的主题，它或许可以被定义为有意为之的自我疏离，或是一种由外部环境创造的境况，甚至可能是心理理性的剥离。

当我们处于孤独状态时，有时会感到内心的空虚和冷落，但它可能也为我们带来许多好处。

格雷的诗歌《孤独颂》（Ode on Solitude）就深刻地表现了孤独的价值。

“孤独颂”最初是由18世纪英国诗人托马斯·格雷写成的一首诗歌，其中描述了他对孤独状态的感受和对其价值的认识。

在诗歌中，他探讨了孤独之美和孤独所带来的愉悦，以及它对人类心灵的深刻影响。

孤独有助于我们探索自我，并让我们对生活和宇宙有更深刻的理解。

孤独可以帮助人们静下心来，观察自己内心的思想和感受，从而带来一种全新的体验，它可以激发人们的内在创造力和灵感。

此外，孤独还可以帮助我们建立更紧密的关系。

只有当我们接受孤独并学会享受它时，才能真正理解和同情他人的孤独之感，我们才能更加热爱他人，更加珍惜人际关系，更加明白自己的内心需求。

但是，如果我们贪于追求孤独，也许会带来一些问题。

虽然我们在孤独时可以收获很多，但是如果过多地追求孤独，我们就会失去人类真正的需求：与他人建立联系和共同生活的愿望。

此外，孤独也会导致人们“逃避社会责任感”。

当我们长时间独处时，容易陷入自我感动而遗忘了我们必须面对的社会问题。

我们必须时刻意识到需要融入社会，才能真正为之努力，也才能促成个人成就和社会发展。

总之，孤独是一种非常复杂的状态，理解其中的价值和困难性对于建立更加健康的生活和人际关系都至关重要。

只有当我们正确地理解并平衡人际关系和独处时，我们才能真正享受人生的美好。

Part Five Romanticism in EnglandI . Choose the right answer.1.Roma nticism fights aga inst the ideas of ________ .A. realismB. Ren aissa neeC. En lighte nmentD. feudalism2.The main literary stream is ______ .A. poetryB. no velsC. proseD. periodicals3._____ h as a ano ther n ame calledThe Daffodils ”.A. The Rime of the Ancient Mariner”B. Tintern Abbey”C. Revoluti on”D. I' Wan dered Lon ely as a Cloud4.Coleridge's ________ is a conversation” poem.A. Frost at Mid ni ghtB. The Rime of the An cie nt Mari ner”C. ChristabelD. Biographia Literaria5.Byro n ' _____ is regarded as the great poem of the Roma ntic Age.A. Childe Harold 'PilgrimageB. Hours of Idle nessC. LaraD. Don Jua n6.Prometheus Unbounds _____ masterpiece.A. Wordsworth'sB. Byron 'C. Shelley'sD. Keats'7._____ l ived the Ion gest life.A. WordsworthB. Byro nC. ShelleyD. Keats8.Keats'first poem is _______ .A. O SolitudeB. On First Look ing in to Chapma n'HomerC. PoemsD. En dym ion9.Keats' best ode is ______ .A. On a Grecia n UrrTB. To Autu mn”C. To Psyche'D. To a Nighti ngale”10.The best works of William Hazlitt is ______ .A. The Spirit of the AgeB. Table TalkC. The Characters of ShakespearePlaysD. On the En glish Poets11.The publication of __________ marks the beginning of the Romantic Movement inEn gla nd.A. Ti ntern Abbey”B. Lyrical BalladsC. Frost at NightD. The Daffodils ”12.The Preludehas also been called _______ .A. The Last BrazilB. The First Impressi onC. Growth of a PoetsMi ndD. The Spirit of the Age13.Wordsworth's I' Wandered Lonely as a Cloud has also been called ______________ .A. The Solitary ReaperB. The Daffodils ”C. “The Rime of the Ancient Mari nerD. ” “O Solitude ”14._____ i s considered Wordswort'masterpiece.A. The PreludeB. En dym ionC. Don Jua nD. Biographia Literaria15.The prose writers in the English Romantic Age developed a kind of _____________ .A. models of classicismB. familiar essayC. rules of n eo-roma nticismD. ways of modernism The best essayist in the En glish Roma ntic Age is ________ . A. Keats B. Walter Scott C. Charles Lamb D. William Hazlitt The themes ofPride and Prejudice are ________ . A. pride and prejudice B. the writer 'own pers on alities C. love and marriageD. Both A and C______ is con sidered the father of historical no velist in the En glish Roma ntic Age. A. Jane Austen B. Charles Lamb C. William Hazlitt D. Waler Scott Lamb'writi ngs are full of ____________________________________ for he is especially fond of old writers.A. roma nticismB. conv ersati onsC. i nspirati onsD. archaisms Lamb is a roma nticist of ____________________________________ . A. the city B. the coun tryside C. n ature D. imagi natio n______ is based on Boccaccics Decamer on A. En dym ion B. Isabella D. Hyperio nD. LamiaCritics agree that ________ i s a great romantic poet, standing with Shakespeare, Milt on and Wordsworth in the history En glish literature. A. Keats B. Wordsworth C. Coleridge D. WilliamThe reader can get a broad pano rama of the social life of the En glish Roma ntic Age from ________________ . A. Dun Jua nB. The PreludeC. Kubla Kha nD. IsabellaSome critics think that some of Byron 'poems show his ___________ . A. in dividual heroism and pessimismB. love of n ature and optimismC. love of old writersD. hatred for the imperialismOne of Coleridge'sbest conven ti on al” poems is _______ .A. Kubla KhanB. Frost at NightC. ChristabelD. Biographia Literaria Coleridge'sbest literary criticism is _______________.A. Kubla KhanB. Frost at NightC. ChristabelD. Biographia Literaria ______ is Shelley'smasterpiece. A. Zastrozzi B. The Necessity of Atheism C. Queen MabD. Prometheus Un bou nd ______ is a joint book by Charles Lamb and his sister.A. Joh n WoodvilB. Essays of EliaC. Mr HD. Tales from ShakespeareBecause of __________ , Shelley was expelled from the Oxford Un iversity.A. The Masque of An archyB. A Defence of PoetryC. The Necessity of AtheismD. The Triumph of Life ________ i s Shelleysfirst book writte n in _______ .A. Zastrozz; Eto nB. The Necessity of AtheisrpItalyC. Quee n Mab GreeceD. Prometheus Unbound ItalyThe Roma ntic Age bega n in ____ and came to an end in _________ . A. 1789 (1821)B. 1778 (1823)C. 1798 (1832)D. 1768 (1819)Byron, Shelley and Keats bel ong to Roma ntic poets of _____ gen erati on.16. 17.18. 19. 20. 21. 22.23.24.25.26.27.28.29.30.31. 32.A. the firstB. the sec ondC. the thirdD. the forth33. The Exam in eris a famous _________ in the En glish Roma ntic Age.A. no velB. poemC. periodicalD. n ewspaperKey to the multiple choices:1-5 CADAD 6-10 CACDA 11-15 BCBAB16-20 CDDDA 21-25 BAAAB 26-30 BDDCA31-33 CBCn . Fill in the blanks.1.In a sense, in English Romantic Age, “” equaled “”.2.William Wordsworth was in flue need by the ______ Revoluti on.3.Many subjects of Lyrical Ballads deal with eleme nts of _______ .4.Wordsworth's The Prelude is an ______ poem.5.Writi ng The Preludeis a process of _______ .6.Byro n ' Childe Harold 'Pilgrimage is an _________ poem.7.Shelley "sworks reflect his in terests both in _______ and in ______________ .8.The theme of Keats Hyperi on is the ______ b etwee n the old and the n ew.9.Charles Lamb's Tales from Shakespeares for __________ .10._______ a joint work of Wordsworth and his friend Coleridge.11.The publicati on of Lyrical Ballads in 1798 marks the beg inning of the _________ inEn gla nd.12.The poems in Lyrical Ballads are characterized by a ___________ with the poor, simplepeasa nts, a passi on ate love of n ature and the ______ and ______ of the Ian guage.13.The description of the book, _________ has been called a long journey home.14._____ w as the only old romantic who never wavered in his devotion to the causeof the French Revoluti on.15.All his life, Hazlitt remained loyal to the principles of ______ , _______ and _________ .16.Romanticism is applied to a European movement in the ________ to _______ c entury.17.The publication of Lyrical Ballads marked the break with __________ .18.The Romantic Age is an age of romantic ___________ and _________ .19.The Romantic Age began in 1798 when William Wordsworth and Samuel TaylorColeridge published their joint work __________ .20.The Romantic Age came to an end in 1832 when the last Romantic writer died.21.Women as _______ a ppeared in the romantic age. It was during this period thatwome n took, for the first time, an importa nt place in En glish literature.22.The greatest historical novelist _________ was produced in the Romantic Age.23.The English Romantic period produced two major novelists: _________ and ________.24._____ i s regarded as the best essayist during the Romantic Age.25.Among Wordsworth's Ion ger poems, the best-k nown one is _________ .26._______ marked the transition from romanticism to the period of realism whichfollowed it.27.In 1817, __________ f inished his literary criticism, Biographia Literaria .th thAt the turn of the 18 and 19 century __________ appeared in England as a new trend in literature.In con trast to the rati on alism of the en lighte ners and classicists in the 18cen tury, the ______________ paid great atte ntio n to the spiritual and emoti on al life of man.Wordsworth 'poetry is disti nguished by the ________ of his Ian guage.Quee n Mab, Pecy Bysshe Shelley "simporta nt poem, is writte n in the form of a ________ was the first poet in Europe who sang for the work ing people. His politicallyrics are among the best of their kind in the whole sphere of Europea n roma ntic poetry.After his sec ond book En dym ion appeared in 1818, __________ gave up medici ne forpoetry.____ ' grave bears the epitaph:Hear lies one whose n ame is writ in wate ” The Eve of St. Agneis a n arrative poem writte n in _________ .The theme of ______ i s the con flict betwee n the old and the n ew, and the story is derived from Greek mythology .In this work, the poet expresses the eter nal law of n ature — the pass ing of an old order of thi ngs and the coming of a n ew. Moder n essay origi nated from Mon taig ne's ______ , which were tran slated into En glish by Florio and had an exte nsive in flue nee upon En glish literature. The first poem in the collection The Lyrical Ballads is __________ ' masterpiece. The Rime of the Ancient Mari ner.On the death of Robert Southey in 1843, _______ was made poet laureate. In 1805, Wordsworth completed _________ , containing all together 14 books.In 1807 George Gordon Byron published his lyric poems in a small volume called Hours of Idle ness. The volume was sharply attacked in the in flue ntial Edin burgh Review Byron responded with his first important poem, a biting satire called .In 1824, the Revolutionary Romantic poet _____________ went to Greece to help that country in its struggle for liberty aga inst Turks. Not long, he died of fever there. George Gordon Byron is chiefly known for his two long poems: One is Childe Harold "Pilgrimage, the other is ________________________________ .The poem Childe Harold ' Pilgrimage contains __________ cantos. It is written in Spe nseria n sta nza.George Gordon Byro n wrote _____ in Italy. It contains sixtee n can tos. George Gordon Byron's masterpiece is _________ .____ is George Gordon Byronsphilosophical poetic drama.____ is Byro n 'poetic drama with the material take n from Biblical story. George Gordon Byron's first volume of poems is ________ .________ was expelled after only six mon ths at Oxford, because he had writte n the pamphlet The Necessity of AtheismAfter the death of Percy Bysshe Shelley ' first wife, he was compelled to leave En gla nd in 1818, and spe nt all the rest of his life in _____________________ .________ is Percy Bysshe Shelley "sfirst long poem of importa nee. It was writte n in theform of a fairy tale dream.28. 29.30. 31.32. 33. 34. 35. 36.37. 38. 39.40. 41.42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47.48. 49. 50. 51. 52.Key to the blanks: 1. literature; poetry 2. French 3. nature4. autobiographical5. self-exploration6. autobiographical7. politics; social justice8. conflict9. children53. _____ , a lyrical drama, is Percy Bysshe Shelley's masterpiece.The story wastake n from Greek mythology.54. The Masque of Anarchy is one of Shelley's political lyrics. It deals with theinfam ous _____ which happe ned on August 16, 1819.55. Shelley wrote an elegy ____________ l amenting the early death of his fellow-poet 56. Ode to a Night in gale was writte n by ____ .57. Ivanhoe is the masterpiece of the historical novelist ______ .th58. The prose-writers in the 19 cen tury made the in formal essay a pliable (flexible)vehicle for expressing the writer' own personality, thus ringing into English literature . 59. _____ had a bitter hatred of the meaningless drudgery (toil) which wastedtwo-thirds of his lifetime.60. To Charles Lamb, ______ was a side-occupation. His daily drudgery left little timefor his literary work.61. Specime nsfrom En glish Dramatic Poets Con temporary with Shakespearewaswritte n by ____ .62. William Hazlitt is one of the represe ntatives of _____ criticism, in which in dividualtaste took the place of uni versal reas on as the foun dati on of literary criticism. 63. After the defeat of Napoleon, ________ was the only old Romantic who neverwavered in his devoti on to the cause of the French Revoluti on.64. _____ was sentenced to two years' imprisonment for denouncing the PrinceRege nt, future George IV as a rake and a liar.65. The importanee of Leigh Hunt lies chiefly in his development of the lightmiscella neous ___ .66. In order to relieve the pains of facial neuralgia, ___________ became a regular andcon firmed opium-eater ”67. Thomas De Quincey is famous for the ornate descriptions of his fantasies anddreams. The major flow of his style is _______ .68. _____ has bee n uni versally regarded as the foun der andgreat master of historicalno vel.12.Sympathy; simplicity; purity13. The Prelude, or Growth of a Poets Mi nd14. Hazlitt15. liberty; equality; fraternity 16. late 18th ; mid-19th 17. classicism18. enthusiasm; poetry 19.Lyrical Ballads20. Walter Scott 21. novelist22.Walter Scott23.Water Scott, Jane Austen41.English Bards and Scotch Reviewers42.Byron43.Don Juan44.four 46.Don Juan47.Manfred48.Cain49.Hour of Idleness50.Shelley51.Italy52.Queen Mab53.Prometheus Unbound54.Peterloo Massacre55.John Keats56.John Keats57.Scott58.the familiar essay59.Charles Lamb60.literature61.Charles Lamb62.Romantic63.William Hazlitt64.Leigh Hu ntIH . Say true or false.th th1.English Romantic literature started from mid-18 to the early 19 century.2.Jane Auste n is one of the greatest roma ntic woma n no velists.3.After compos ing the Lucy poems, Wordsworth bega n hisThe Prelude.4.P.B. Shelley gained his nickname, Mad Shelley” becauseof his independent andrebellious attitude.5.The rhythm scheme of The Ode to the West Wind is aba, bcb, cdc, ded, ee.6.Charles Lamb is a roma nticist of the village life.7.Lyrical Ballads beg ins with Coleridge's long poem, Tintern Abbey”.8.Many of the subjects of the poems in Lyrical Ballads deal with elements of n ature.9.Coleridge wrote the majority of poems in Lyrical Ballads.10.Wordsworth's I Won dered Lon ely as a Cloud ” has ano ther n ame,Growth of a PoetsMind.11.The Prelude is a long and autobiographical poem considered as Coleridge's masterpiece.12.Hazlitt 'life and career had bee n greatly in flue need by the rise and fall of the FrenchRevoluti on.13.Hazlitt became a master of novels in English Romantic literature.Key to True/False statements:£1—£1—1. F (from late 18 to the mid-19 cen tury)2.T3.T4.T5.T6. F (city)7. F ( The Rime of the AncientMari ner ”)8.T9. F (Wordsworth)10.F ( The Daffodils ) ”11.F (Wordsworth)12.T13.F (familiar essay)14.T15.F ( Passive Romantic poets) 16.T17.T18.F (the first generation/ The Lake Poets)19.T20.F (Greek)21.T22.T23.T24.T25.F (Byron)26.F (Keats)27.T28.F (Lamb)29.T30.F (Coleridge's “TheRime of theAncient Mariner ) ”14.Some romantic writers stood on the side of the feudal forces and even combinedthemselves with those forces.15.Wordsworth and Coleridge are revolutionary Romantic poets.16.Byron and Shelley and Keats are known as the romantic poets of the second gen erati on.17.The roma nticists paid great atte nti on to the spiritual and emoti on al life of man.18.The poets of the second generation described the beautiful scenes and the countrypeople of that area in their writ in gs.19.Jane Austen is a writer who regards novel writing as a sophisticated art.20.The story of Shelley's Prometheus Unboundwas taken from Roman mythology.21.Shelley is one of the leading Romantic poets, an intense and original lyrical poet in theEn glish Ian guage.22.Byron ' Don Juan begins with descriptions of the herdschildhood.23.Byron ' literary career was closely linked with the struggle and progressive moveme ntsof his age.24.Byron opposed oppressi on and slavery, and has a passi on ate love for liberty.25.But some critics think Keats lacks the care for artistic finish; many of his lines are harsh,rugged and not rhythmical;26.Byron ' leading principle is “ Beauty is truth, truth beauty ” .mb's essays are inten sely pers on al.28.Keats' essays are marked by relaxed style, conversational tone and wide range of subjectmatter.29.Wordsworth drew inspirations from the mountains and lakes.30.Wordsworth's Tintern Abbey” tells a strange story in the form of ballad.IV. Terms:1.Romanticismke PoetsV. Questions:ment on Lyrical Ballads.ment on Charles Lamb.ment on those Lake Poets.4.What are the features of Romanticism.ment on The Preludement on Endymion.ment on all the writers of the Romantic Age.8.Tell the main idea of some representative works of the Romantic writers.Part Six English Critical RealismI . Choose the right answer.1. _____ i s the greatest representative of English critical realism.A.Jane Auste nB.ThackerayC.Dicke nsD.Charlotte2. _____ i s Thackeray ' s one of the best known works.A.Sense and Sen sibilityB.The Book of Sn obsC.The Pickwick PapersD.The Song of Lower Class3.Pride and Prejudice' s first title is _________ .A.First Impressi onB. A Book Without a HeroC.The NewcomesD.Persuasi on4.Vanity Fair has a sub-title. It is _______ .A.First Impressi onB. A Book Without a HeroC.The NewcomesD.Persuasi onth5.In the 19 century English literature, a new literary trend _________ a ppeared. And itflourished in the forties and in the early fifties.A.roma nticismB. n aturalismC. realismD. critical realism6.En glish critical realism found its expressi on chiefly in the form of ______ .A.novelB. dramaC. poetryD. sonnet7.________' Vanity Fair is a satirical portrayal of the upper strata阶层）of society.A.George EliotB. Elizabeth GaskellC. W. M. ThackerayD. Joh n Buyan8.The ______ Movement appeared in the thirties of the 19 century.A. En lighte nmentB. Ren aissa neeC. ChartistD. Roma nticist9.The Chartist writers introduced a new theme into literature, the struggle of the for itsrights.A. soldiersB. peasa ntsC. bourgeoisieD. proletariat10.The greatest of Chartist poets was _________ .A. Earn est JonesB. Joh n Milt onC. Thomas HardyD. Joh n Keats11.The story of _________ deals with the adventures of a retired old merchant.A. A Tale of Two CitiesB. David CopperfieldC. Pickwick PapersD. Oliver Twist12.The novel _______ exposes the terrible conditions of English private schools.A. Nicholas NicklebyB. Oliver TwistC. Hard TimesD. Great Expectati ons13.The story of _______ deals with the sufferings and hardships of an old man namedTrent, and his gran ddaughter, Nell.A. Pickwick PapersB. The Old Curiosity ShopC. Great Expectati onsD. Hard Times14.Which novel makes a fierce attack on the bourgeois system of education?A. Oliver TwistB. Hard TimesC. Great Expectati onsD. A Tale of Two Cities15.Which novel is a great satire upon the society and those people who dream to en ter thehigher society regardless of the social reality?A. A Tale of Two CitiesB. David CopperfieldC. Great Expectati onsD. Dombey and Son16.In the no vel ________ , Dicke ns describes the Chartist Moveme nt and shows hissympathy for the workers.A. Great Expectati ons C. Hard TimesB.A Tale of Two Cities D. Oliver Twist17.In the novel ____ , Defarge and Madame Defarge represent the revolutionaries.A. Dombey and SonB. A Tale of Two CitiesC.Little DorritD. Bleak House18.In the novel _______ , Dr. Manette is a typical bourgeois intellectual.A. David CopperfieldB. Wutheri ng HeightsC. Bleak HouseD. A Tale of Two Cities19._______ i s ofte n regarded as the semi-autobiography of the author Dicke ns in whichthe early life of the hero is largely based on the author ' s early life.A. The Curiosity ShopB. David CopperfieldC. Oliver TwistD. Great Expectati ons20.In 1864, Dicke ns published his last complete novel ___________ .A. The Old Curiosity ShopB. The Pickwick PaperC. Our Mutual Frie ndD. Little Dorrit21.Which of the following is Thackeray ' s masterpiece?A. The Virgi niansB. The Books of Sn obsC. The NewcomesD. Van ity Fair22.The sub-title of Vanity Fair is _______ .A. The First Impressio nB. A Novel Without a HeroC. The Spirit of the AgeD. The Daffodils23.The title of the novel Vanity Fair was taken from Bunyan ' s masterpiece _______________ .A. The Pilgrim s ProgressB. Child Harold s PilgrimageC. Gulliver s TravelsD. The Can terbury Tales24.Emily Bronte wrote only one novel entitled _________ .A. Jane EyreB. Agnes GreyC. Wutheri ng HeightsD. Emma25.Charlotte Villette is based on her sad days in _________ .A. Germa nyB. LondonC. ParisD. Brussels26.Dicke ns ' third literary period shows inten sify ing __________ .A. optimismB. exciteme ntC. irritatio nD. pessimism27._______ s Dicke ns ' best of social satires.A. American NotesB. Marti n ChuzzlewitC. Dombey and SonD. David Copperfield28.Tennyson Tn Memoriam is a collect ion of _______ s hort poems.A. 130B.131C.132D. 13329.The chief source of Tennyson Idylls'olsthe Ki ng is take n from _________ .A. The History of the Ki ng of Britai nB. The History of PendennisC. The History of Henny EsmondD. Morte d ' Arthur The Chartists refer to those ________in the early Victoria n AgeA. Roma ntic writersB. worki ng class writersC. realistic poetsD. bourgeois writersThe Victoria n Literature bega n in _____ and en ded in _______ .A. 1837 ...1900 B. 1835 ...1901 C. 1832 ...1902 D. 1830 (1903)The con flicts betwee n the capitalists and the proletaria n in in dustrial En gla nd causedthe _____________________ .A. En lighte nment Moveme ntB. I ndustrial Revoluti onC. Chartist Moveme ntD. Roma ntic Moveme nt______ is the greatest among the critical realists of the Victoria n Age.A. Earn est JonesB. Emily Bront eC. Charlotte BrontdD. Charles Dicke ns Charles Dicke ns was impressive for his_________ .A. wide spread of critical realismB. his spirit of democracy and huma nismC. his unforgettable figures with satire and simple and clear IanguageD. including A, B and C“ The pride of wealth ” o-pride pursie the theme of _______________ .A. Dombey and SonB. Nicholas NicklebyC. The Old Curiosity ShopD. Marti n ChuzzlewitThe two cities in A Tale of Two Citiesrefer to _______ .A. London and New YorkB. London and ParisC. Paris and New YorkD. Brussels and Washi ngton____ is the major literary form in the Victoria n Period.A. essayB. poetryC. no velD. drama____ is the mai n hero in the no vel ofWutheri ng HeightsA. RochesterB. HeathcliffC. Ma netteD. Marti nBoth Charlotte and Emily wrote about the ______ around them.A. familiar thingsB. com mon people30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41.C. n eighborsD. evilsThe most importa nt poet in the Victoria n Age was_______ .A. Earn est JonesB. Elizabeth GaskellC. Mr. Brow ningD. Alfred Te nnyson_______ made Dicke ns famous over ni ght.42. 43. Which of the followi ng Dicke nscolori ng?A. Christmas Day in the Morning C. The Chimes （《教堂钟声》） 44. A. A Christmas CarolB. The ChimesA. Sketches by BozB. The Pickwick PapersC. Oliver TwistD. The Old Curiosity Shop_______ is Dicke ns 'first no vel of social history reflect ing the sharp social con tradictions.A. Sketches by BozB. America n NotesC. Martin ChuzzlewitD. Barnaby Rudge （《巴纳比 拉奇》） ' works is not based on Christmas withreligiousB. A Christmas CarolD. The Cricket on the Heart （《灶上蟋蟀》） is anautobiographical no vel and loved by Dicke ns himself most.A. Great Expectati onsB. David CopperfieldC. Bleak HouseD. The Pickwick Papers45. Dicke ns ' writi ng is an en cyclopedic kno wledge of ________ .A. ParisB. New YorkC. Lo ndo nD. Portsmoth 46. The head of the gang of thieves is ________ .A. FaginB. Gradgri ndC. PecksmiffD. Ma nette47. _____ has bee n called “ the supreme epic of En glish life ”.A. Nicholas NicklebyB. A Tale of Two CitiesC. Hard TimesD. The Pickwick Papers48. _____ marked a great adva nee in Dicke ns' art -wintingpwith closely knitand logical plot of his maturer works.A. David CopperfieldB. Dombey and SonC. Little DorritD. The Chimes 49. In the _____ period, Charles Dicke ns believed that all the evils of the capitalistworld would be remedies of only men who behaved to each other with kin dli ness,justice, and sympathetic un dersta nding.A. firstB. sec ondC. thirdD. fourth50. _____ is the most class-c on scious book among the Christmas books.D. The Battle of Life C. The Cricket on the Hearth Key to the multiple choices:1-5 CBABD 16-20 CBDBC 31-35 CCDDA 6-10 ACCDA21-25 DAACD36-40 BCBAD11-15 CABBC26-30 DBBDB41-45 BDABCKey to the blanks:1. optimism Our MutuoVeF 46-50 ADBABn . Fill in the blanks.1. Dicke ns ' writ in gs from 1836 to 1841 show the characteristic of youthful ___________2. Dicke ns ' writ in gs from 1842 to 1850 show the character of ____________ .3. Dicke ns ' writ in gs from 1852 tk870 show the feature of __________ .4. Nicholas Nickleby touches upon a burning question of the time — the education of in privateschools.5. _____ is a great novel of social satire and famous for its criticism of both theBritish and America n bourgeoisie.6. The theme of Dombey and Sonis the pride of wealth, or “ _____ ” .7. David Copperfield was writte n in the ______ p ers on in a comb in ati on of ___ , senseof _____ and artistic _________ .8. The main butt （目标）of satire in Bleak House is aimed at the abuses of theEn glish ________ .9. In Hard TimesDickens describes the ________ m ovement with great artistic power.10. Dicke ns used _________ as his pen n ame in his first book.7. first; verisimilitude; familiarity; maturity8. courts9. Chartist10. Boz川.Say true or false.1. Dicke ns The Pickwick Papersgives a rather comprehe nsive picture of early 19 century En gla nd.2. Mr. Pickwick and Sam Weller were two major characters inThe Pickwick Paperswhich aroused the3. In Oliver Twist, Dicke ns makes his readers aware of the in huma nity of country life un der capitalism4. The plot of Sketchesby Boz is rather formless, but the no vel fasc in ates the reader from beg innin episodes.5. The title Bleak Houseis not only the name of a house but is also an apt 贴切的）description of the s （6. Hard Times is a fierce attack on the bourgeois system of education and ethic 论理学，道德学 ）and 义）.7. Dombey and Sonis a novel with imprisonment, both matter-o-fact or symbolic, as its central theme.8. A Tale of Two Citiestakes the In dustrial Revoluti on as the subject.9. The theme underlyingA Tale of Two Citiesis the idea “Where there is oppression, there is rev10. Pip is the major character in Dicke ns。

英国文学史资料British Writers and Works一.Anglo-Saxon p eriod<Beowulf>M 奥武夫:the national epic of the An glo-Sax onsEpic: long narrative poems that record the adventures or heroic deeds of a hero en acted in vast Ian dsca pes. The style of epic is grand and elevated 主题严肃，语言庄重）e.g. Homer ' s Iliad and OdysseyArtistic features:1. Using alliteration（押头韵）（该文最大修辞特点，每行第一个词辅音韵）Defin iti on of alliteratio n: a rhetorical device, mea ning some words in asentence beg in with the same consonant sound 辅音）ing metaphor （暗喻，隐喻）and understatementDefin iti on of un derstateme nt: exp ress ing someth ing in a con trolled way Understateme nt is a typ ical way for En glishme n to exp ress their ideas二.The Middle Ages ( Medieval Ages) Geoffery Cha 杰弗里？乔叟1340(?)~1400(首创双韵体”英国文学史上首先用伦敦方言写作。

约翰德莱顿(John Dryden) 称其为英国诗歌之父”The father of English poetry.first time to use heroic couple'英雄双韵体）by middle English代表作《坎特伯雷故事集》《The Canterbury tales 》。

最美的英语诗歌：Ode,on,a,Grecian,Urn,希腊古瓮颂关于这首希腊古瓮颂的诗歌相信很多人都有听说过，以下是给大家整理的邂逅世间最美的英语诗歌Ode on a Grecian Urn 希腊古瓮颂。

希望可以帮到大家Ode on a Grecian Urn希腊古瓮颂John Keats约翰济慈Thou still unravished bride of quietness,你仍是宁静未过门的新娘，Thou foster-child of silence and slow time,你皇寂静与悠长岁月的养女，Sylvan historian,who canst thus express嗬，田园的史家，你竟能如此描述A flowery tale more sweetly than our rhyme：一个如花的故事，比诗还瑰丽：What leaMringed legend haunts about thy shape在你的形体上，岂非缭绕着Of deities or mortals,or of both,古老的传说，以绿叶为其边缘;In Tempe or the dales of Arcady?讲着人或神，敦陂或阿卡狄?What men or gods are these? What maidens loath? 嗬，是什么人，什么神!在舞乐前What mad pursuit? What struggle to escape?多热烈地追求!少女怎样地逃!What pipes and timbrels? What wild ecstasy?又是怎样的笛子和手鼓?怎样狂野地着迷? Heard melodies are sweet, but those unheard乐曲传美妙，无声胜有声;Are sweeter; therefore, ye soft pipes, play on;因此，柔情的风笛，你尽情地吹;Not to the sensual ear,but, more endeared,无声的小曲不是吹给肉耳听的，Pipe to the spirit dities of no tone ：而是与更钟爱的人两心相期。

ode on solitude解析"Ode on Solitude" is a poem written by Alexander Pope, an18th-century English poet. This poem explores the theme of solitude, examining the peace and fulfillment that can be found in being alone. In this analysis, we will delve into the poem's structure, language, and underlying message, aiming to provide a comprehensive understanding of "Ode on Solitude."The structure of "Ode on Solitude" follows a traditional poetic form, consisting of ten quatrains with a rhyming scheme of ABAB. This form mirrors the orderly and balanced nature of solitude being celebrated in the poem. Additionally, the regularity of the stanza form reflects the tranquility and harmony that can be achieved through solitude.In terms of language, Pope utilizes simple and direct words, creating a clear and accessible meaning. Throughout the poem, he juxtaposes contrasting images to emphasize the contrasting experiences of solitude and company. For example, he expresses that "Quiet as a nun, Breathless with adoration," highlighting the soothing and meditative qualities of solitude, while contrasting it with the busyness and noise of social interactions. Pope's use ofvivid imagery engages the reader's senses, making the concept of solitude come alive.Moving on to the underlying message of the poem, Pope suggests that solitude is a necessary and beneficial state of being. He begins the poem by affirming that "Happy the man, whose wish and care, A few paternal acres bound." This opening line celebrates the contentment that comes from having a small piece of land to call one's own, implying that solitary individuals have simpler desires and are thus more likely to find happiness within themselves.Throughout the poem, Pope highlights the various benefits of solitude. He mentions the ability to reflect on oneself, writing, "I am myself my own delight, Amidst such pleasures planted." Solitude enables individuals to gain self-understanding and appreciate their own company. Pope emphasizes that solitude provides a respite from the superficiality and noise of society, allowing individuals to find peace and rejuvenation within themselves.Moreover, Pope asserts that solitude can foster a deeper connection with nature. He writes, "Society is all but rude, To this delicious solitude." Here, he suggests that the distractions ofsociety inhibit people from truly appreciating the beauty and serenity of the natural world. In solitude, individuals can fully immerse themselves in the sights, sounds, and sensations of nature, finding solace and inspiration.However, Pope also acknowledges the potential dangers of excessive solitude. He warns against complete isolation, as it can lead to a lack of social interaction and understanding. Pope advises finding a balance between solitude and company, stating, "Virtuous and vicious every man must be, Few in the extreme, but all in the degree." This cautionary statement highlights the importance of maintaining connections with others while still enjoying the enriching experiences that solitude offers.In conclusion, "Ode on Solitude" by Alexander Pope celebrates the merits of solitude while cautioning against complete isolation. Through its structured form, straightforward language, and vivid imagery, the poem explores the tranquility and fulfillment that can be found in being alone. Pope's underlying message encourages individuals to find a balance between solitude and companionship, suggesting that a harmonious and fulfilling life can be attainedthrough a healthy combination of both.。

OdeonMelancholy赏析Ode on MelancholySummaryThe three stanzas of the “Ode on Melancholy” address the subject of how to cope with sadness. The first stanza tells what not to do: The sufferer should not “go to Lethe,” or forget their sadness (Lethe is the river of forgetfulness in Greek mythology); should not commit suicide (nightshade, “the ruby grape of Prosperpine,” is a poison; Prosperpine is the mythological queen of the underworld); and should not become obsessed with objects of death and misery (the beetle, the death-moth, and the owl). For, the speaker says, that will make the anguish of the soul drowsy, and the sufferer should do everything he can to remain aware of and alert to the depths of his suffering.In the second stanza, the speaker tells the sufferer what to do in place of the things he forbade in the first stanza. When afflicted with “the melancholy fit,” the sufferer should instead overwhelm his sorrow with natural beauty, glutting it on the morning rose, “on the rainbow of the salt sand-wave,” or in the eyes of his beloved. In the third stanza, the speaker explains these injunctions, saying that pleasure and pain are inextricably linked: Beauty must die, joy is fleeting, and the flower of pleasure is forever “turning to poison while the bee-mouth sips.” The speaker says that the shrine of melancholy is inside the “temple of Delight,” but that it is only visible if one can overwhelm oneself with joy until it reveals its center of sadness, by “burst[ing] Joy’s grape against his palate fine.” The man who can do this shall “taste the sadness” of melancholy’s mightand “be among her cloudy trophies hung.”Form“Ode on Melancholy,” the shortest of Keats’s odes, is written in a very regular form that matches its logical, argumentative thematic structure. Each stanza is ten lines long and metered in a relatively precise iambic pentameter. The first two stanzas, offering advice to the sufferer, follow the same rhyme scheme, ABABCDECDE; the third, which explains the advice, varies the ending slightly, following a scheme of ABABCDEDCE, so that the rhymes of the eighth and ninth lines are reversed in order from the previous two stanzas. As in some other odes (especially “Autumn” and “Grecian Urn”), the two-part rhyme scheme of each stanza (one group of AB rhymes, one of CDE rhymes) creates the sense of a two-part thematic structure as well, in which the first four lines of each stanza define the stanza’s subject, and the latter six develop it. (This is true especially of the second two stanzas.)ThemesIf the “Ode to Psyche” is different from the other odes primarily because of its form, the “Ode on Melancholy” is different primarily because of its style. The only ode not to be writ ten in the first person, “Melancholy” finds the speaker admonishing or advising sufferers of melancholy in the imperative mode; presumably his advice is the result of his own hard-won experience.In many ways, “Melancholy” seeks to synthesize the language of all the previous odes—the Greek mythology of “Indolence” and “Urn,” the beautiful descriptions of naturein “Psyche” and “Nightingale,” the passion of “Nightingale,” and the philosophy of “Urn,” all find expression in its three stanzas—but “Melancholy” is more than simply an amalgam of the previous poems. In it, the speaker at last explores the nature of transience and the connection of pleasure and pain in a way that lets him move beyond the insufficient aesthetic understanding of “Urn” and achieve the deeper understanding of “To Autumn.”For the first time in the odes, the speaker in “Melancholy” urges action rather than passive contemplation. Rejecting both the eagerly embraced drowsiness of “Indolence” and the rapturous “drowsy numbness” of “Nightingale,” the speaker declares that he must remain alert and open to “wakeful anguish,” and rather than flee from sadness, he will instead glut it on the pleasures of beauty. Instead of numbing himself to the knowledge that his mistress will grow old and die (that “Beauty cannot keep her lustrous eyes,” as he said in “Nightingale”), he uses that knowledge to feel her beauty even more acutely. Because she dwells with “beauty that must die,” he will “feed deep, deep upon her peerless eyes.”In the third stanza, the speaker offers his most convincing synthesis of melancholy and joy, in a way that takes in the tragic mortality of life but lets him remain connected to his own experience. It is precisely the fact that joy will come to an end that makes the experience of joy such a ravishing one; the fact that beauty dies makes the experience of beauty sharper and more thrilling. The key, he writes, is to see the kernel of sadness that lies at the heart of all pleasure—to “burst joy’s grape”and gain admission to the inner temple of melancholy. Though the “Ode on Melancholy” is not explicitly about art, it is clear that this synthetic understanding of joy and suffering is what has been missing from the speaker’s earlier attempts to experience art.“Ode on Melancholy” originally began with a stanza Keats later crossed out, which described a questing hero in a grotesque mythological ship sailing into the underworld in search of the goddess Melancholy. Though Keats removed this stanza from his poem (the resulting work is subtler and less overwrought), the story’s questing hero still provides perhaps the best framework in which to read this poem. The speaker has fully rejected his earlier indolence and set out to engage actively with the ideas and themes that preoccupy him, but his action in this poem is still fantastical, imaginative, and strenuous. He can only find what he seeks in mythical regions and imaginary temples in the sky; he has not yet learned how to find it in his own immediate surroundings. That understanding and the final presentation of the odes’ deepest themes will occur in “T o Autumn.”。

053［摘 要］ 基于威廉·拉波夫的叙述结构模式，对美国作家兰斯顿·休斯的英文叙述短文《救赎》的叙事结构进行分析，并从叙事视角、叙事语言的角度梳理文章的语篇特征，探讨该文本的文体风格，并从中进一步揭示文章名为救赎、实为荒诞的反讽主题。

［关 键 词］ 《救赎》；文体风格；叙述文；叙述结构；反讽兰斯顿·休斯《救赎》一文叙事结构及文体风格分析朱 祎一、引言兰斯顿·休斯（Langston Hughes，1902—1967）是美国著名的黑人作家和诗人，享有“哈莱姆桂冠诗人”的称号。

他的作品体裁多样，从诗歌、散文、小说到戏剧、历史、传记。

他的自传作品共有两部，分别是《茫茫大海》（The Big Sea ，1940）和《我漂泊，我思考》（I Wonder as I Wander ，1956）。

其中《救赎》节选自休斯的自传《茫茫大海》，是其中的一个回忆性章节。

在这个章节里，休斯从第一人称出发，记叙了自己“得到救赎”的经历。

本文基于威廉·拉波夫的叙述结构，对《救赎》一文的叙述结构进行分析，同时对叙事语言所表现出来的语篇特征进行梳理，探求叙事文体的风格，感受文章中精妙的反讽效果。

二、叙述结构美国社会语言学家威廉·拉波夫（William Labov）在分析了大量美国纽约黑人青年口头叙述故事的基础上，于1972年提出一个完整或熟练的个人经历的口头叙述，包含以下六个基本要素：Abstract （概语）、 Orientation （定位）、Complicating Action （复杂化事件）、 Evaluation （评述）、Resolution（结局）、Coda（结束语）。

这六个基本要素可分别简单概括为：概语——作者开始讲述故事之前用一句话对整个故事所作的一个简要概括；定位——向听众/读者交代故事的时间、地点、人物、情景等一系列背景材料；复杂化事件——描述故事的主要脉络，按照时间顺序告诉人们事情发展的内容；评述——具体描述事件发生的背景条件，以及发生后人物的心理状态、感情历程等附加材料；结局——故事的结局；结束语——建立故事与现实生活的某种联系，给予读者教训或启迪。

solitude中修辞手法的赏析拟人(the personifjcation)就是把无生命的事物人格化。

例如：(1)Books are a guide in youth and an entertainment for age. They support us under solitude, and keep us from being a burden to ourselves.书籍是青年人的指南、老年人的娱乐。

孤寂时，书籍给我们力量，使我们摆脱精神负担。

（2）Love is the master key that opens the gates of happiness.爱是开启幸福之门的万能钥匙。

拟人用法在英语写作中运用得好，不仅使语言表达得生动、有力，而且给人以亲切、实在、耳目一新的感受。

排比把结构相同或相似、语气一致、意思密切相关联的句子或句子成分排列起来，使句式得到增强，感情得到加深，这种修辞叫排比。

例如：（1）You are overwhelming jade, as white as snow, as smooth and moist as grease, as brilliant as candles, and as firm as rock.你洁白如雪，润泽如脂，你光辉如烛，坚贞如磐，你是令人倾心的美玉。

（2）You are in my mind and in my heart. You are in the very air I breathe. You are part of me. Forever.你占据了我整个思绪和心灵；你在我呼吸的空气里；你永远是我的一部分。

此外，在英语的具体写作过程当中，我们可以运用恰当的抒情手法来进行写作，达到以情动人的效果。

下面就以2005年6月份四级考试作文为例，进行写作。