2011期末英语论文
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2011年4级英语作文In the 21st century, technology has become an integral partof our daily lives. It has transformed the way we communicate, work, learn, and entertain ourselves. This essay will explore the various ways in which technology has influenced modernlife and the implications of these changes.Firstly, the advent of the internet has revolutionized communication. People can now connect with others across the globe instantly through emails, social media, and video calls. This has not only made it easier to stay in touch withfriends and family but has also facilitated international business and collaboration.Secondly, technology has transformed the workplace.Automation and artificial intelligence have made many tasks more efficient, reducing the need for manual labor andallowing for more complex problem-solving. Remote working has also become more feasible, with cloud computing and virtual meetings enabling employees to work from anywhere.Thirdly, education has been greatly impacted by technology. Online courses and digital resources have made learning more accessible to a wider audience. Students can now access a wealth of information and educational materials from the comfort of their homes, and teachers can use technology to enhance their teaching methods.However, with these advancements come certain challenges. There is a growing concern about privacy and security in the digital age. As more of our lives are conducted online, the risk of data breaches and identity theft increases. Additionally, the reliance on technology can lead to a sedentary lifestyle, with potential health implications.In conclusion, technology has undoubtedly made significant contributions to modern life, making it more convenient and efficient. However, it is crucial to address the potential risks and ensure that technology is used responsibly and ethically. As we continue to embrace technological advancements, it is important to balance the benefits with the need for privacy, security, and physical well-being.。
2011年全国卷英语作文当然,以下是一篇符合2011年全国卷英语作文的范文:In the modern era, technology has become an integral part of our daily lives. It has transformed the way we communicate, work, and even think. This essay aims to explore the profound impact of technology on various aspects of our lives.Firstly, technology has revolutionized communication. With the advent of smartphones and social media, we can now stay connected with friends and family across the globe with just a few taps on a screen. This has made the world a smaller place and has brought people closer together, regardless of geographical boundaries.Secondly, the workplace has also been significantly altered by technology. Automation and artificial intelligence have streamlined many tasks, increasing efficiency and productivity. Remote working has become a reality, allowing employees to work from anywhere with an internet connection. This has not only improved work-life balance but has also reduced the need for physical office spaces.Thirdly, technology has transformed the way we learn. Online education platforms have made it possible for anyone toaccess a wealth of knowledge from anywhere. Students can now learn at their own pace, and teachers can provide personalized instruction tailored to each student's needs. This has democratized education and made it more accessible to a wider audience.However, the impact of technology is not without its challenges. There is a growing concern about privacy and data security, as more of our personal information is stored and accessed online. Additionally, the reliance on technology can lead to a sedentary lifestyle and a disconnection from the natural world.In conclusion, while technology has brought about numerous benefits, it is crucial that we remain mindful of its potential drawbacks. We must strive to use technology responsibly and ethically, ensuring that it serves to enhance our lives rather than detract from them.请注意,这只是一个示例作文,具体内容应根据实际的考试要求和个人理解进行调整。
2011年英语一第四篇The problem with the 2011 English Language Arts exam, specifically the fourth passage, is that it presents a challenge for students due to its complexity and lack of clarity. The passage is dense and difficult to understand, which may hinder students' ability to effectively answer the questions that follow. This can create a sense of frustration and anxiety for students, as they may feel overwhelmed by the passage and unsure of how to proceed. Additionally, the passage may not accurately assess students' language arts skills, as it may be more a test of their ability to decipher confusing and convoluted language rather than their actual understanding of the subject matter.From an educational standpoint, the 2011 English Language Arts exam raises concerns about the effectiveness of the testing materials and the potential impact on students' learning experiences. The passage in question may not accurately reflect the skills and knowledge thatstudents have gained throughout their education, as it may be more a test of their ability to navigate complex language rather than their actual comprehension of the subject matter. This could lead to a misrepresentation of students' abilities and hinder their overall educational development. Additionally, the difficulty of the passage may create unnecessary stress and anxiety for students, which could have a negative impact on their academic performance and overall well-being.Furthermore, the 2011 English Language Arts exam may also raise questions about the fairness and equity of the testing process. The challenging nature of the passage could put certain students at a disadvantage, particularly those who may struggle with reading comprehension or have language barriers. This could result in an unfair assessment of their abilities and potentially impact their future academic and career opportunities. It is important for testing materials to be accessible and equitable for all students, and the 2011 English Language Arts exam may fall short in this regard.In addition to the potential impact on students, the 2011 English Language Arts exam may also raise concerns about the validity and reliability of the assessment. The passage in question may not effectively measure students' language arts skills, as it may be more a test of their ability to decipher complex language rather than their actual understanding of the subject matter. This could call into question the accuracy of the exam results and the extent to which they reflect students' true abilities. Itis essential for assessments to be valid and reliable in order to provide meaningful and accurate information about students' skills and knowledge.Overall, the 2011 English Language Arts exam presents a number of challenges and concerns for students, educators, and the testing process as a whole. The complexity and lack of clarity in the passage may hinder students' ability to effectively demonstrate their language arts skills, while also raising questions about the fairness, validity, and reliability of the assessment. It is important for these concerns to be addressed in order to ensure that testing materials accurately and fairly assess students' abilitiesand provide meaningful information about their educational development.。
2011年英语2作文English:In 2011, English language learning became increasingly important due to globalization and the growing influence of English in various aspects of life. To meet the demands of the changing world, it is crucial for individuals to be proficient in English. Firstly, English is the universal language of business, science, technology, and academia. Many multinational companies require their employees to have a good command of English in order to communicate effectively with clients and colleagues from different countries. Additionally, a significant amount of scientific research and technological advancements are published in English, making it essential for professionals in these fields to have a strong grasp of the language. Moreover, English fluency is a key factor in academic success. Many universities, especially those in English-speaking countries, require international students to demonstrate their English proficiency through standardized tests such as TOEFL or IELTS. Furthermore, English is the language of the internet, with a vast amount of online content available exclusively in English. This includes educationalresources, entertainment platforms, and social media. Being able to understand and communicate in English allows individuals to access a wide range of information and opportunities, facilitating personal and professional growth. Overall, in the year 2011, the importance of English as a global language cannot be underestimated as it plays a vital role in communication, business, academia, and online platforms.中文翻译:在2011年,由于全球化的影响以及英语在各个生活领域的不断增长的影响力,英语学习变得越来越重要。
CHINESE FOLK CULTUREFolk culture has strong folklore and unique characteristics; it is a kind of culture that forms among the working people rather than governmental authority. Folk culture, also known as popular culture, is the basis of Chinese traditional culture. In China, the Book of Songs is the earliest poetry that contains much folk cultural of Pre-Qin dynasty, which reflects that our country’s folk culture is rich and colorful and has extensive knowledge and profound scholarship. However, as the time flying, there are lots of changes happened in the aspects of folk culture. In the tide of globalization, the folk custom culture that the basis of Chinese traditional culture is fading away gradually nowadays. According to this background, we should analyze the new appearance and discuss the protection measures of the folk culture further. It is not only because the Folk culture is the culture of the whole community foundation, and has strong vitality. As we all know, superficial culture is often the top of folk culture, and it is the result of the adaptation and refinement results of the folk culture, but also for the reason that Folk culture of a country are the national spirit of the main component of the national culture are an important cornerstone. So it is critical for Chinese peo ple learning more details about their own country’s folk culture. The traditional festival, also known as moon festival, is china’s second traditional festival next to the spring festival. It is the most important part of our country’s folk culture.The five thousand years civilization of Chinese nation has bred brilliant folk culture, which forms the comparative advantage of industry development in folk culture resources. Chinese folk culture is famous to the whole world for it’s more than 5,000 years long history and its special existence forms. During the course of its long history, the hardworking Chinese people have created an ample material civilization as well as a splendid folk culture. In the field of folk culture, our people link the moon cakes and mid-autumn festival with Archer Yi, just like lots of people are fond of Associating Qu yuan and the dragon boat with the dragon boat festival, and combining sweeping day with honoring ancestor and new life.Mid-autumn Festivals is one of three major Chinese holidays, along with the spring festival and The Dragon Boat Festival. It is an important festival during the eighth month of lunar calendar, for which billions of Chinese people go back to their home and gather together with their families. Traditionally, on this day, Chinese family members and friends will gather to admire the bright mid-autumn harvest moon, and eat moon cakes and pommels together. Mid-autumn festival as well as mouthwatering food people eaten during the period of it and various activities people held in the process of celebrating this festival play an important role of traditional festival, they are also kinds of civil epitome of our country’s folk culture.Chinese people celebrate this significant festival from generations to generations since it was formed during the Xia and Shang dynasty. The mid-autumn festival is a traditional festival for both the Han and minority nationalities. There are also some records of the mid-autumn festival. The most popular records is that people believethe custom of worshipping the moon can be traced back as far as the ancient Xia and Shang dynasties (2000 B.C.—1066 B.C.). Early in the Zhou dynasty (1066 B.C.—221 B.C.), people hold ceremonies to greet winter and worship the moon whenever the mid-autumn festival sets in. then it becomes very prevalent in the Tang dynasty (618 –907A.D.) that people enjoy and worship the full moon. In the southern song dynasty (1127—1279A.D.), however, people send round moon cakes to their relatives as gifts in expression of their best wishes of the family reunion. And all families would get together on the evening of the mid-autumn festival to have ―the family reunion dinner‖ and eat the round moon cakes while enjoying the beauty of the full autumn moon. When it becomes dark, some people would look up at the full silver moon or go sightseeing on lakes to celebrate the festival. People from different ethnic groups in the same country differ from each other group in the way of celebrating the mid-autumn festival in details, the Tibetans, for instant, have their own tradition for the Mid-autumn Festival. But things have changed a bit after Ming dynasty. Since the Ming(1368—1644A.D.) and Qing dynasties (1644—1911A.D), the custom of mid-autumn festival celebration becomes unprecedented popular. Together with the celebration there appear a bit union in the way of celebrating the mid-autumn festival and some special customs in different parts of the country, such as burning incense, planting mid-autumn trees, lighting lanterns on towers and dancing the fire dragon dances which is prevalent in Hong Kong. The custom of playing under the moon, however, is not as popular as it used to be nowadays, but it is not less popular to enjoy the bright silver moon. On the other hand, it is also said that the festival originated in the imperial moon-worshipping ceremonies held when the moon was at its fullest on the 15th day of the eighth lunar month. As the time flying, then this important activity honored by working people become more and more popular among the people. Whenever the mid-autumn festival sets in, people will look up at the full silver moon, drinking wine to celebrate their happy life or thinking of their relatives and friends far from home, and extending all of their best wishes to them. So the full moon gradually becomes a medium of communication and spiritual sustenance.The traditional food marking the festival is the moon cake, whose round shape symbolizes both the fullness of the moon and family togetherness. About the moon cakes there are lots of legends. The most popular one among the Chinese people is the legend that happened in Yuan dynasty. During the Yuan dynasty china was ruled by the Mongolian people. Leaders from the preceding sung dynasty were unhappy at submitting to the foreign rule, and set how to coordinate the rebellion without being discovered. The leaders of rebellion, knowing that the moon festival was drawing near, ordered the making of special cakes. Backed into each moon cake was a message with the outline of the attack. On the night of the moon festival, the rebels successfully attached and overthrew the government. Nowadays, the special cakes are eaten to commemorate this legend and were called the moon cake. People celebrate this traditional activity from generations to generations by eating various mouthwatering moon cakes and enjoying the beauty of the full autumn moon, the levels of the moon cakes gradually improved. As the rapid development of mooncakes manufacturing technology, nowadays the moon cakes have been made with sweet fillings of nuts, beans, Chinese dates, wheat and rice, it also include various other annexing agents. Usually something like egg yolk, milk and cheers can be found in the moon cakes, that is why the moon cakes are usually taste very sweet, soft and very delicious. It follows that people in vast increasing number compare moon cakes to the plum pudding and fruit cakes which are served in the english-spoken country’s important festivals. The round moon cakes, measuring about three inches in diameter and one and half inches in thickness, resembled western fruitcakes in taste and consistency. Originally, these cakes were just made with simple ingredients such as melon seeds, lotus seeds, beans, lard, triticum aestivum and rice. With the rapid development of social economy and technology, nowadays the moon cakes are being made with various new ingredients which only can be produced in our modern society. Recently, there are a variety of moon cakes in the moon cakes markets. But overall, the cake that a golden yolk from a salted duck egg was placed at the center of each cake, and the golden brown crust was decorated with symbols of the festival is the most common cake. Even though the moon and reunionare what mid-autumn festival celebration is all about, there are also lots of activities held in mid-autumn festival such as dancing fire dragon dance(跳火龙舞), Watching the Tide(观海潮), Worshiping Months(祭月拜月).The Mid-Autumn festival is Chinapeople's own unique festival. No matter when people refers to the mid-autumn festival, this traditional festival naturally leads us to the beautiful frames of family reunion and the picture described in the famous poem over moon festival as well as those great man of literature and writing that define our history. This traditional festival plays a very important role of our country’s folk culture. It gave us too much good cultural meaning and exerted a far reaching influence on Chinese people’s life even those Asian people’s life. it ma de our life more colorful, but what is the most important is that it Enriched our folk culture greatly and made a great contribution in spreading our culture as well as enhancing the influence of our culture in the world since more and more Asian countries’ people also have a ceremonious celebration to celebrate the coming of mid-autumn festival just like what we do during this traditional festival. Recently, the new national public holiday plan adds three traditional festivals– spring festival, Dragon-boat Festival and Mid Autumn Festival -- to the list of public holidays, which reflects that our country are playing more and more attention to the folk culture. It also passes on a message to us that we, as the citizen of our country, should to pay close attention to the development as well as the future of the folk culture.商务英语4班Jackson (zuo)。
2011年英语2作文## English Answer:In the realm of human endeavors, education occupies a pivotal position, shaping individuals' future prospects and contributing to societal advancement. The value of education is immeasurable, for it empowers individuals to navigate the complexities of life, to contribute to their communities, and to realize their full potential.Education serves as the foundation upon which individuals build their knowledge, skills, and critical thinking abilities. Through formal education, students acquire a comprehensive understanding of various subjects, ranging from core academic areas to specialized fields. This knowledge equips them with the tools necessary to comprehend the world around them, to analyze information objectively, and to make informed decisions.Beyond the acquisition of knowledge, education alsofosters the development of essential cognitive skills. Critical thinking, problem-solving, and analytical reasoning are nurtured through academic pursuits. These skills enable individuals to approach challenges with a structured and logical mindset, to evaluate evidence objectively, and to formulate sound judgments.Education also plays a vital role in shapingindividuals' values, attitudes, and beliefs. Through exposure to diverse perspectives and cultures, students develop a broader worldview and an understanding of the interconnectedness of global issues. Education promotes tolerance, respect, and empathy, fostering a harmonious and inclusive society.Furthermore, education empowers individuals to achieve their professional aspirations and contribute to economic growth. In today's competitive job market, higher levels of education provide individuals with a competitive edge and open doors to a wider range of career opportunities. Education equips individuals with the knowledge, skills, and adaptability required to excel in their chosen fields.Moreover, education has a profound impact on societal well-being. An educated population contributes to a more informed and engaged citizenry, which is essential for the democratic process. Education empowers individuals to participate meaningfully in their communities, to advocate for their interests, and to hold their leaders accountable.In conclusion, the value of education extends far beyond the mere acquisition of knowledge. It is a transformative process that shapes individuals' lives, empowers them to contribute to their communities, and fosters societal progress. By recognizing the immense value of education, we can ensure that future generations have the tools and opportunities they need to reach their full potential and create a better world for all.## 中文回答:在人类的追求中,教育占据着至关重要的地位,它塑造着个人的未来前景并推动着社会的进步。
2011年英语一小作文范文英文回答:In my opinion, the best way to learn a foreign language is through immersion. By immersing yourself in the target language, you can surround yourself with it and learn it naturally. You can watch movies, listen to music, read books, and talk to native speakers. This will help you to pick up vocabulary and grammar more quickly and easily than if you were just studying the language in a classroom.Immersion is also a great way to learn about theculture of the target language. By experiencing the language in its natural context, you can learn about the customs, traditions, and values of the people who speak it. This can help you to better understand the language and its speakers.Of course, immersion is not the only way to learn a foreign language. There are many other methods that can beeffective, such as taking classes, using language learning software, or hiring a tutor. However, I believe that immersion is the best way to learn a foreign language because it is the most natural and effective way to acquire a new language.中文回答:在我看来,学习外语的最佳方式是沉浸式学习。
优秀英语毕业论文范文AbstractThis paper aims to explore the impact of social media on interpersonal communication among college students. Through a survey of 200 college students, the study found that social media has both positive and negative effects on interpersonal communication. On the one hand, social media provides a convenient and efficient way for college students to communicate with each other. On the other hand, excessive use of social media can lead to addiction, which may result in a decline in face-to-face communication skills. The study suggests that college students should use social media in a moderate and healthy way to maintain a balance between online and offline communication.IntroductionWith the rapid development of social media, people’s communication patterns have undergone significant changes. Social media has become an important part of people’s daily lives, especially for college students. College students are the main users of social media, and they use social media to communicate with their peers, share information, and express their opinions. However, the impact of social media on interpersonal communication among college students is still a controversial issue. Some people believe that social media has a positive effect on interpersonal communication, while others argue that social media has a negative effect on interpersonal communication. This paper aims to explore the impact of social media on interpersonal communication among college students and provide some suggestions for college students to use social media in a healthy way.Literature ReviewPrevious studies have explored the impact of social media on interpersonal communication from different perspectives. Some studies have found that social media has a positive effect on interpersonal communication. For example, Ellison et al. (2007) found that social media can enhance social capital and increase social support. They argued that social media provides a platform for people to connect with each other and build social relationships. Similarly, Hampton et al. (2011) found that social media can facilitate social interaction and strengthen social ties.However, other studies have found that social media has a negative effect on interpersonal communication. For example, Kirschner and Karpinski (2010)found that college students who use social media excessively have lower grades and spend less time studying. They argued that social media can be a distraction and may lead to a decline in academic performance. Similarly, Rosen et al. (2013) found that college students who use social media excessively have lower levels of empathy and social skills. They argued that social media can lead to a decline in face-to-face communication skills.MethodologyTo explore the impact of social media on interpersonal communication among college students, a survey was conducted among 200 college students. The survey consisted of two parts: a demographic questionnaire and a questionnaire on social media use and interpersonal communication. The demographic questionnaire collected information on age, gender, major, and grade level. The questionnaire on social media use and interpersonal communication consisted of 20 items, including questions on social media use frequency, social media addiction, face-to-face communication skills, and social support.ResultsThe results of the survey showed that social media has both positive and negative effects on interpersonal communication among college students. On the one hand, social media provides a convenient and efficient way for college students to communicate with each other. The majority of the respondents (85%) reported that they use social media to communicate with their peers. Social media also provides a platform for college students to share information and express their opinions. The majority of the respondents (80%) reported that they use social media to share information and express their opinions.On the other hand, excessive use of social media can lead to addiction, which may result in a decline in face-to-face communication skills. The majority of the respondents (70%) reported that they use social media for more than 2 hours per day. The majority of the respondents (60%) reported that they have experienced social media addiction. The results also showed that social media addiction is negatively correlated with face-to-face communication skills. The respondents who reported higher levels of social media addiction also reported lower levels of face-to-face communication skills.DiscussionThe results of the survey suggest that social media has both positive and negative effects on interpersonal communication among college students. On the one hand, social media provides a convenient and efficient way for college students to communicate with each other. Social media also provides a platform for college students to share information and express their opinions.On the other hand, excessive use of social media can lead to addiction, which may result in a decline in face-to-face communication skills.To use social media in a healthy way, college students should be aware of the potential negative effects of social media addiction. They should limit their social media use to a reasonable amount of time per day and avoid using social media excessively. They should also maintain a balance between online and offline communication and develop their face-to-face communication skills. In addition, college students should use social media to enhance their social relationships and social support, rather than relying solely on social media for communication.ConclusionThis paper has explored the impact of social media on interpersonal communication among college students. The study found that social media has both positive and negative effects on interpersonal communication. On the one hand, social media provides a convenient and efficient way for college students to communicate with each other. On the other hand, excessive use of social media can lead to addiction, which may result in a decline in face-to-face communication skills. The study suggests that college students should use social media in a moderate and healthy way to maintain a balance between online and offline communication.。
2011年全国卷2英语作文The 2011 National English Composition ExamIn the modern world, education has become a crucial aspect of personal and societal development. The ability to communicate effectively in a global language like English is increasingly seen as a valuable asset, opening doors to a wide range of opportunities. The 2011 National English Composition Exam, a standardized assessment administered to high school students in a particular country, serves as a testament to the importance placed on English language proficiency.The exam itself is designed to evaluate the students' abilities in various aspects of the English language, including reading comprehension, writing, and grammar. It is a comprehensive assessment that not only tests the students' knowledge but also their ability to apply that knowledge in practical scenarios.One of the key components of the exam is the writing section, where students are required to compose a well-structured essay on a given topic. This section is particularly crucial as it assesses the students' ability to organize their thoughts, develop a coherent argument, andexpress themselves effectively in written form.The topic for the 2011 National English Composition Exam was a thought-provoking one, encouraging students to delve into the complexities of modern life and the challenges it presents. The prompt asked the students to reflect on the role of technology in their lives and how it has impacted their personal growth and development.In addressing this topic, students had the opportunity to showcase their critical thinking skills, their ability to analyze the impact of technology, and their capacity to articulate their ideas in a clear and persuasive manner. The essay required them to draw upon their own experiences, observations, and understanding of the world around them, as well as to incorporate relevant examples and evidence to support their arguments.The process of composing this essay was undoubtedly a challenging one, as students needed to navigate the nuances of the English language, consider multiple perspectives, and construct a well-reasoned and coherent response. However, the very act of engaging with such a thought-provoking topic and expressing their ideas in a foreign language can be seen as a valuable learning experience in itself.Beyond the immediate assessment, the 2011 National English Composition Exam serves as a reflection of the broader educational landscape and the importance placed on English language proficiency. In an increasingly globalized world, the ability to communicate effectively in English has become a vital skill, opening doors to educational and professional opportunities both within and beyond national borders.The exam also highlights the dedication and hard work of both the students and the educators who have helped to prepare them for this challenge. The successful completion of the exam is a testament to the students' commitment to their studies and the quality of the educational system that has supported their development.In conclusion, the 2011 National English Composition Exam represents a significant milestone in the educational journey of the students who participated. It serves as a testament to the importance of English language proficiency and the ongoing efforts to ensure that the next generation is equipped with the necessary skills to thrive in the global marketplace. Through their performance on this exam, the students have demonstrated their potential and the promise of a future where effective communication and cross-cultural understanding are the foundations for personal and societal success.。
二语习得论文湛江师范学院外国语学院2010--2011学年第 2 学期期末课程论文《二语习得概论》题目: L1 Think and L2 Acquisition学号: 2010154308 姓名: 聂曼芳班级: 10英教3班专业: 英语教育成绩:L1 Thinking and L2 AcquisitionAbstract: The influence of L1 thinking is a common concern in L2 acquisition field. The emphasis of those studies has been placed in the negative transfer of L1 thinking, and not enough attention given to the positive effect of L1 thinking. In fact, L1 thinking functions in the process as well as in the result of L2 acquisition. L1 thinking is not only an effective way of understanding, digesting and absorbing L2 information but also a common strategy of organizing ideas and styles in L2 acquisition. L1 thinking, should be made use in order to raise efficiency in L2 acquisition.Key words: L1 thinking, L1 acquisition, language, thinkingIntroductionIn L2 acquisition field, L1 thinking is one of the most important influent elements. This influence is apparent in many ways. This paper mainly discusses about the effect of L1 thinking in L2 acquisition.L1 thinking is the objective reality in L2 acquisitionMother language is the first language response system of human's thinking activities. It installs under the condition when there is not any other language system. The second language is the second language system of leaners. It installs on the basis of mother language. Generally speaking, most of people start to learn second language after their L1 thinking or habits have been shaped and have quiet good communicative competence of mother language. For this reason, L2 learners certain to use L1 to think, to analyse, to compare, and to synthesize when they learn L2, and use experiences of L1 learning as guiding to grasp new language. That is to say, it is impossible tototally break away from L1 when someone is learning L2. Richard Schmidt argued that whether a person could use L2 thinking or not was a problem of level. Most of people were in the medium range. Even high-level L2 learners said that sometimes they had to turn to L1 thinking, especially when they dealt with something that was hard to grasp.It is inevitable that L2 and L2 thinking are in a weak position when compare with L1 and L1 thinking in the course of learning and using L2. In this case, only when L2 form links closely with thinking system, can L2 learner understand significance and express idea. L2 learners always use L1thinking as a "crutch" to help them to understand and express L2 unwittingly. For example, my specialcourse is computer. It can be understood but is not authentic. The correct sentence what L2 learners want to express should be, Mymajor is computer or I'm majoring in computer. This kind of phenomenon may be referred to "borrow" which Mr. Wu Qianlong had mentioned. It means that L2 learners use L1 knowledge to organize sentences and express thoughts.Language intercommunityLanguage is a particular symbol system of human. Generally speaking, the relation between symbol in the system is not random, but restrained by rule. Ellis thought that there must be some core rule existed in all natural language. That is to say, even though there are a lot of differences between human's language, there must be something in common. For example, sequences of some English sentences are the same as Chinese sentences, just like "He bought apersonal computer". This phenomenon is known as positive transfer.It makes learners grasp these sentences easily.The function of L1 thinkingNow that there is something in common between difference kinds of language. L2 learners who have grasped L1 system, will borrow L1 rules inevitably when they acquire L2. According to Ellis's view, L1 as a knowledge and habit that has been acquired, L2 learners can learn much faster in these "common" elements when the target language is similar to L1. In this way, L1 can accelerate the learning process of target language. For example, positive transfer inL2 acquisition. Some English phrase like second hand, hand in hand,as white as snow and so on, their meaning are close to the Chinese meaning. It is easy for Chinese students to memories so that they can settle and make conclusion. They can set the stage for positive transfer, and increase the efficiency of L2 acquisition.For years, the L2 acquisition field has paid close attention to the relation between L1 and L2. Most of people often associate L1 with its interference. Of course, the learner's L1 is one of the sources of error in L2, that is error analysis, refers to as negative transfer. It is inevitable to refer to the transfer of knowledge and skills when we analyse the relation between L1 and L2. The psychology research showsthat there is an interrelationship between different subjects and different skills, or different parts of the same subject and skill, and it make sense. Normally, most of people use L2 as an auxiliaryinstrument of language. People want to know what a word or sentence means in L1 is reasonable. The problem is how to deal with the relation between L1 and L2.ConclusionL1 thinking is not only an effective way to understand, to digestand to assimilate L2 information, but also a common strategy to organize and express details and form. In L2 acquisition, it is not only a propensity, but also a positive and benefit way to refer to L2 learner's L1 experiences and compare the differences between L1 andL2. However, L1 thinking can not solve all problems in L2 acquisition.If you use in the wrong way(such as to translate word by word ), L1thinking can course a series of problems such as to temper with L2 understanding and expression. Moreover, L1 thinking may make L2 learners pay short attention to the form of L2 and most of time would use L1 transfer to deal with the L2 significance. This would temper with L1 acquisition to a certain extent. For this reason, we can not always use L1 thinking in L2 acquisition but also can not always avoid it. Weshould explore how to use L1 thinking correctly to improve our L2 acquisition.We are not deny the negative function of L1 thinking, on the contrary, that is the kind of question we have to face in L2 acquisition. So it is necessary to study the positive function of L1 thinking, and what the exactly effect of L1 thinking in L2 acquisition. There is an interrelationship between language and thinking. To learn to think in a way of another language, we should make a precondition for grasping this language to a certain extent. But generally speaking, it doesn't need to relearn how to think when we learn another new language, but learn something that is efficient to improve our L2 learning. All in all, L1 thinking is a learning foundation that can't be ignored in L2 acquisition. How to use L1thinking to help learners tease apart the L2 input, to realize the maximization of L2 learning efficiency, is a complicated research subject.Reference[1] Rod Eiils. Second Language Acquisition: 上海外语教育出版社,2000[2] Brown, H. Douglas Principles of Language Learning and Teaching[M]. New Jeresy: Prentice Hall, 1994.[3] Krashen S. Second Language Acquisition and Second Language Learning[M]. Oxford: Pergamon, 1981.[4] 桂诗春. 心理语言学[M]. 北京: 外语教学与研究出版社,1999.[5] 刘润清. 刘润清论大学英语教学[M]. 北京: 外语教学与研究出版社, 1999[6] 陆效用. 试论母语对二语习得的正面影响[J]. 外语界, 2002,(4): 11-15[7] 吴潜龙. 从语言与思维的关系看二语习得中的几个问题[J]外语教学 2000 (1): 4-5。
Protectionism Dog In the Manger10级国贸一班赵莹莹Keywords:trade protectionism,Chinese products,Win-win cooperation,ExportSummary:Financial crisis of global economic recovery will be long and tortuous road, is a national imperative of fair, free and open trade philosophy, maintaining the convenience of world trade and smooth, and gradually expand the hard-won recovery results. Take short-sighted protectionism, ultimately, is the dog in the manger.In response to the financial crisis, the international community has repeatedly reiterated its opposition to protectionism, but in the past couple of years, Chinese products in some countries for trade protectionist measures frequently occurred behind the measures, it seems impossible to base an excuse than a valid reason.In the United States, since the financial crisis, the United States against China one after another to implement a variety of countervailing and anti-dumping investigations, last year's "tires safeguard" OCTG imports from China to implement anti-dumping and other people remember, and this class of trade restrictive measures introduced so-called "reason" and "Chinese products damage the U.S. domestic business interests."Traditional trade theory, countries actively participate ininternational trade, comparative advantage to win on their own, which is beneficial to all participating countries. Specific to the two countries, China's advantages is that labor-intensive products, the U.S. advantage is high-tech and capital intensive products, rather than complement each other will increase the damage to economic interests of both sides. In contrast, if trade protectionism means to suppress each other's products, artificial stifle competition, will reduce overall economic efficiency, and ultimately harm the general welfare of the people.Chinese products have been able to gain a foothold in the U.S. and by consumers, by its comprehensive advantages of cost and quality decisions. The U.S. governments if deprived of the Chinese products, although they may be part of a temporary lack of competitiveness of domestic enterprises to protect, but to see the U.S. long-term consumer welfare, consumers pay the price for this protectionism. As an example, "the tires safeguard" Shortly after, blocked by the Chinese tire exports to the United States, the U.S. low tire prices rose sharply, up 10% to 28%.Sino-US cooperation and win-win, which is the overall situation; but co-exist in the struggle, this is strategy. Peterson Institute for International Economics American Fred Bergsten on the author said, China and the U.S. as a trading nation, there are always some trade frictions and trade litigation "This is overall friendly cooperation and trade relations go hand in hand." . If politically close as the United Statesand Canada, trade friction is also a frequent occurrence.From a global perspective, the U.S. economy yet to fully recover before the Sino-US trade friction will increase, but this should not lead to the outbreak of large-scale trade war. But playing with fire there is always a great risk, to make the situation under control and not to the worst direction; you need to calm sides, sincerity and wisdom. Heritage Foundation senior fellow at the history of the United States Kendo (D Erik Scissors) on the author said that in the current sensitive time, "the Chinese need to calm, the United States must clarify its position on trade," "The reason for China to be calm, because you must realize that (dealing with non-Sheen) the situation will get worse; the United States must move to stop the sanctions against China, the United States must be clearly stated (hopefully cooperative) trade policy. "Visiting scholar at the Carnegie Peace Foundation USA Shi Taiya once pointed out that in the present global economic system, the U.S. trade restrictions, "may make (U.S.) domestic enterprises happy, but long term it would damage the our entire national interest. "Wall Street Journal editorial said many times, trade restrictions, ultimately harm the interests of American consumers.In addition to traditional trade protectionism "excuse", the past few months, some people also rampant speculation the United States "currency" issue, and attempt to implement trade protectionism as a newexcuse. U.S. Morgan Stanley Asia Chairman Stephen Luo Qi that the U.S. government on China’s major trading partners is manipulating the exchange rate of the report, there is the danger of being used; causing a permanent shift in his responsibilities in the global trade imbalances is suspected.U.S. Commerce Secretary Gary Locke is the rate of trade delegation to visit China, he learned that China will sell clean energy and green technology to support the Osama administration plans to double exports next five years to expand the United States. Analysts believe that the U.S. can not take all kinds of Chinese products on the one hand, trade restrictions, on the other hand expect China to open clean energy and green technology market, because it fundamentally inconsistent with the basic principles of mutual benefit.In addition, the era of globalization, while globalization of trade and investments are global. The global flow of capital makes the product as a value carrier, may reflect a number of countries, the value of the demands of investors, that is, behind a country's exports, its capital is likely to be global in nature, the technology is likely to be global in nature. Such exports, the benefits of its trade and investment for all participants to share. In this sense, the trade protectionism means to suppress China's exports, is likely to be a stone on their own feet.Outside the United States, India has recently announced theso-called "national security" grounds, is not recommended from a Chinese manufacturer of communications equipment procurement of equipment, this approach also worthy of attention. In short, oppose trade protectionism, not only a slogan, but also the action. Under the new circumstances, countries should use as much as possible the concept of mutual benefit to resist protectionist pressures, as the global economic recovery and create good atmosphere for cooperation.。