中国结缕草属植物抗盐性评价

文章编号:100720435(2004)0120008205中国结缕草属植物抗盐性评价李　亚,耿　蕾,刘建秀(江苏省中国科学院植物研究所,南京210014)摘要:根据形态分类和地理分布选择36份代表性结缕草属种质,在0%、0.2%、0.5%、1%、2%和4%N aC l 浓度下砂培的抗盐实验结果表明,结缕草属种质在0.5%N aC l 浓度以下除少数日本结缕草种质外基本不受盐害,大部分能抗1.0%N aC l 浓度胁迫,在2.0%N aC l 浓度以上则大部分种质受害,表明结缕草属种质具有较强的抗盐性;除少数外,其他种质的抗盐性都不如狗牙根品种“爬地青”;这种抗盐性有较大的变异,这种变异首先来自于种间差异,其次来自于该种质地带性分布的土壤状况,如生长于海边或者滨海地区盐碱地的种类则抗盐性好。

结缕草属种质的这种抗盐性与叶片长度、宽度以及叶面被毛情况呈高度负相关,但这种相关不体现在日本结缕草和中华结缕草种内。

根据耐盐系数值,可将供试36份种分成高抗、中抗、抗和敏感4种类型。

关键词:结缕草属;种质资源;抗盐性中图分类号:Q 945 文献标识码:AA ssess m en t on Sa lt -tolerance of Zoysia spp .i n Ch i naL I Ya ,GEN G L ei ,L I U J ian 2x iu(Institute of Bo tany ,Ch inese A cadem y of Sciences of J iangsu P rovince ,N anjing ,J ingsu P rovince 210014,Ch ina )Abstract :B y m o rpho logical classificati on and geograph ical distribu ti on ,36Z oy sia ger m p las m sam p les w ere se 2lected from a w ide co llecti on of Z oy sia ger m p las m s from Ch ina .P lan ted in po ts of sand ,their salt 2to lerance w as tested w ith nu trien t so lu ti on s con tain ing 0,0.2%,0.5%,1%,2%and 4%salt concen trati on .T he resu lt show s that excep t fo r som e accessi on s of Z oy sia jap on ica ,the rest to lerate so lu ti on s of 0.5%N aC l concen trati on ,and the m ajo rity of them resist in ju ry of 1%so lu ti on of salt concen trati on ,w h ile m o st of them suffer N aC l in ju ry w ith 2%o r gri m m er salt concen trati on .T hu s indicating that Z oy sia boasts strong salt resistance capacity .M o st accessi on s have low er N aC l 2to lerance than CK (C 2106).M o reover ,their salin ity to lerance capacities are varien t due firstly to their differen t strain s ,and secondly to the so il tex tu re of their hab itats .T ho se flo ru ish ing in the seasho re o r coastal regi on s tend to be stou tly salt 2resistan t .T heir salt 2to lerance capacity has a negative relati on sh i p to their leaf length and w idth ,and the hairiness of the leaf b lades ,though no such relati on s p revail w ith Z oy sia jap on ica and Z .sin ica .T he 36accessi on s of Z oy sia spp .cou ld be divided in to fou r grades by salt 2to leran t coefficien t :h igh N aC l to leran t ,m edium N aC l to leran t ,to leran t ,and sen sitive to N aC l.Key words :Z oy sia spp ;Ger m p las m ;N aC l to lerance 结缕草属植物被认为是最抗盐的草坪植物之一,如朝鲜结缕草(Z oy sia koreana )、日本结缕草(Z .jap on ica )在合适的盐浓度下才能更好地萌发[1],生于中国海滨的大穗结缕草(Z .m acrostay cha )、沟叶结缕草(Z .m a trella )和日本结缕草被列为盐生植物[2]。

但种间和品种间差异显著,L ee 等[1]通过朝鲜结缕草和日本结缕草等7个草坪草的研究认为,朝鲜结缕草较日本结缕草抗盐,但由于在培养基上细胞的液泡还没有形成,这种抗盐性研究结果还值得怀疑。

一般认为,细叶结缕草(Z .tenu if olia )也是抗盐性较强的一个种,而日本结缕草则对盐敏感[3]。

Q ian 等[4]对29个品系和品种的抗盐性实验认为,结缕草属植物抗盐性与叶的长度和质地有关:叶短、质地细的沟叶结缕草(‘D ia 2m ond ’,DAL Z 8501及其杂种)抗盐性最大,质地粗糙的材料(Z .jap on ica )表现中等,而质地细但叶较长的日本结缕草品种“Cavalier ”及日本结缕草与细收稿日期:2003202227;修回日期:2003208214作者简介:李亚(19682),男,安徽颖上县人,博士,助理研究员,主要从事植物资源学研究第12卷　第1期草　地　学　报2004年　3月V o l.12 N o .1A CTA A GR EST I A S I N I CAM arch 2004叶结缕草的杂交种“Em erald ”、“Zeon ”表现最差。

通过对抗盐沟叶结缕草和盐分敏感的日本结缕草及其杂种的研究[5]显示,抗盐性也存在过渡类型(典型的沟叶结缕草和日本结缕草除外),r DNA 和同工酶分析表明这些类型是高度杂合的,与形态上过渡类型的DNA 的研究结果一致。

表1　供试材料采样地点T able 1　Samp led locati ons of Z oy sia spp .in Ch ina序号A ccessi on采种地点L ocati on经度L ongitude纬度L atitude种名SpeciesZ 2077甘肃省兰州市L anzhou ,Gansu p rovince Z .jap on ica ×m a trella Z 2089海南省海口市H aikou ,H ainan p rovinceZ .tenu if oliaZ 2083广西壮族自治区龙州市L ongzhou,Guangxi Zhuangzu M unici pality 106.0822.03Z .m a trella Z 2075台湾省T ai w an p rovince121.3525.05Z .m a trella Z 2121湖南省长沙市Changsha ,H unan p rovince 113.1328.01Z .jap on ica Z 2005浙江省金华市J inhua ,Zhejiang p rovince 119.5329.12Z .sin ica Z 2095重庆市Chongqing 106.5529.53Z .m a trella Z 2097重庆市Chongqing106.5529.53Z .sin ica ×m a trella Z 2042安徽省屯溪市T unxi ,A nhui p rovince 118.0329.72Z .sin ica ×m a trella Z 2063安徽省屯溪市T unxi ,A nhui p rovince118.0329.72Z .sin ica Z 2130浙江省舟山市Zhoushan ,Zhejiang p rovince 122.4030.00Z .m acrostay cha Z 2008浙江省杭州市H angzhou ,Zhejiang p rovince Z .jap on ica ×m a trella Z 2068安徽省南陵县N anling ,A nhui p rovince 118.0230.90Z .sin icaZ 2053江苏省苏州市Suzhou ,J iangsu p rovince 120.6331.25Z .sin ica ×jap on ica Z 2070江苏省苏州市Suzhou ,J iangsu p rovince 120.6331.25Z .jap on ica Z 2054江苏省南京市N anjing ,J iangsu p rovince 118.0032.05Z .sin ica ×jap on ica Z 2058,Z 2059江苏省南京市N anjing ,J iangsu p rovince 118.0032.05Z .m a trella Z 2061江苏省南京市N anjing ,J iangsu p rovince 118.0032.05Z .jap on ica Z 2101河南省信阳市X inyang ,H enan p rovince 114.1232.10Z .jap on ica Z 2102河南省信阳市X inyang,H enan p rovince 114.1232.10Z .m a trella Z 2049安徽省滁州市Chuzhou ,A nhui p rovince 118.0332.30Z .jap on icaZ 2034江苏省盐城市Yancheng ,J iangsu p rovince 120.1233.38Z .sin ica ×jap on icaZ 2122江苏省射阳县Sheyang ,J iangsu p rovince 120.5033.70Z .sin ica var .N i pponi 2caZ 2119江苏省响水县X iangshui ,J iangsu p rovince 119.5734.20Z .sin icaZ 2028江苏省徐州市Xuzhou ,J iangsu p rovince 117.0234.28Z .jap on ica Z 2116河南省枣庄市Zaozhuang ,H enan p rovince 117.5734.87Z .jap on ica Z 2115河南省新乡市X inxiang ,H enan p rovince 113.8535.05Z .jap on ica ×sin ica Z 2021山东省胶州市J iaozhou ,Shandong p rovince 120.0036.43Z .jap on ica ×sin ica Z 2022山东省胶州市J iaozhou ,Shandong p rovince 120.0036.43Z .jap on ica Z 2026,Z 2027山东省章丘县Zhangqiu ,Shandong p rovince 117.0536.68Z .jap on ica Z 2105山东省烟台市Yantai ,Shandong p rovince 121.4037.05Z .sin ica ×jap on ica Z 2108辽宁省大连市D alian ,L iaoning p rovince 121.5838.97Z .jap on ica Z 2109辽宁省大连市D alian ,L iaoning p rovince121.5838.97Z .sin ica ×jap on ica Z 2111辽宁省瓦房店市W afangdian ,L iaoning p rovince120.0039.63Z .jap on ica 本实验旨在对中国结缕草属植物的抗盐性进行系统的评价,以期为抗盐结缕草的选育及其核心种质资源的建立提供实验依据。