轮式装载机讲解

装载机液压系统液压传动的工作原理1.基本概念传动——在工程机械上，传动是指能量或动力由发动机向工作装置的传递，通过各种不同的传递方式使发动机的转动转变为工作装置各种不同形式的运动。

如：车架的转动、推土机铲刀的升降、装载机动臂的升降、铲斗的收放等等。

传动的分类（按工作介质）：机械传动液体传动：以液体为工作介质气体传动电力传动液体传动分为：液力传动：利用液体动能。

如：由泵轮——涡轮组成的变矩器液压传动：利用密闭液体压力能。

如：千斤顶2.液压传动的定义：液压传动——用封闭在回路里的有压液体作为介质，把液压能转化为机械能，或反之，或其组合的技术。

或：以液体为传动介质，靠处于密闭容器内的液体静压力来传递动力，按容积变化相等的原则来传递速度的传动方式3.液压传动的原理：液压传动应用了液体的两个重要特性：（1）假定液体不可压缩；（2）液体中压力向各个方向作同样的传播（帕斯卡原理）。

帕斯卡原理：在密闭容器内，处于平衡状态的液体对施加于它表面的压力，能以等值在液体内向各个方向传递。

例1：P=P0+γhγ=0.8~0.9kg/cm3，管路布置很少超过10m，而P0往往很大，所以P≈P1≈P2≈P3≈P4≈P0例2：千斤顶原理（液压杠杆）作用力=压力×作用面积：F=P×SF/S1=W/S2，即W=S2/S1×F4.液压传动参数两个主要参数：P与Q压力与负载的关系：负载决定压力流量与速度的关系；流量决定速度V=Q/S（压力损失与流量损失）●液压传动系统的基本组成1.基本组成：动力元件——液压泵：将机械能转变为液压能。

控制元件——阀装置：控制系统中油液的压力、流量及流动方向等。

执行元件——油缸、油马达：将机械能转变为液压能。

其它辅助元件：邮箱、油管、滤油器、冷却器、蓄能器……2.元件符号：泵与马达：溢流阀与减压阀：●液压传动系统的分类●装载机工作液压系统1.系统组成及原理1)直接操纵液压系统（ZL50C、ZL40B、ZL30E、ZL30G）工作泵、分配阀（手动）、动臂油缸、转斗油缸、油箱（滤油器）…以下为ZL50C工作液压系统及转向液压系统原理图：特点：手动式或先导式、串并联优先转斗、动臂滑阀为四位六通2)先导操纵液压系统（ZL50G、ZL40G、ZL80G、ZL100C等）工作泵、分配阀（先导）、动臂油缸、转斗油缸、先导阀、组合阀、油箱（滤油器）以下为ZL50G工作液压系统及转向液压系统原理图：特点：先导式、串并联优先转斗、动臂滑阀为三位六通装载机转向液压系统系统组成及原理1.流量放大全液压转向系统独立型：转向泵、减压阀（或组合阀）、转向器（BZZ3-125）、流量放大阀、转向油缸合流型：转向泵、组合阀、转向器（BZZ3-125）、优先流量放大阀、转向油缸2.普通全液压转向系统转向泵、单稳分流阀、转向器（排量较大）、转向油缸以下为ZL30E与ZL30G型全液压转向系统原理图：BZZ1-800全液压转向器液压元件介绍1.液压泵1)齿轮泵主要特点：耐污染、成本低、中低压结构与组成：主动齿轮、从动齿轮、前泵盖、后泵盖、泵体、侧板、密封环原理：进油腔与排油腔齿轮副的张开或啮合，造成容积的增大或减小参数：排量q（毫升/转）压力P（Mpa）：额定压力与最高压力转速n（转/分）：额定转速与最高转速流量Q（升/分）：Q=q×n×η型号：CBG、CBZb、CBGj、CBGq…齿轮泵的困油现象：同时啮合的两对齿轮构成了一个封闭的容积，该容积大小随时在发生变化。

轮式装载机操作方法轮式装载机是一种用于材料搬运和装载的重型机械设备。

以下是轮式装载机的基本操作方法：1. 装载前的准备工作：检查轮式装载机的各项功能是否正常，如发动机、液压系统、转向系统等。

确认工作区域没有障碍物，确保安全。

2. 上车操作：打开机舱门，搭建车梯上车。

调整座位和方向盘，系好安全带。

确认脚踏板、操纵杆和脚踏板等控制器运动自如。

3. 发动机启动：将油门调到低档位，将点火钥匙转动到“ON”位置，然后启动发动机。

等待发动机运转稳定后，将油门调整到中档或高档位。

4. 液压系统操作：掌握液压系统的操作器材，了解前进、后退、提升、下降、铲斗倾斜等功能的操纵方式。

操作液压手柄或按钮，使装载机完成各种动作。

5. 转向系统操作：掌握转向系统操作方法，了解左转、右转、转向半径等操纵方式。

通过转向盘或操纵杆控制，使装载机转向到所需方向。

6. 前进和倒退操作：通过油门控制装载机前进或倒退。

根据工作需求和场地情况，选择适当的速度和档位。

始终保持慢速行驶，尤其在狭小或拥挤的空间中。

7. 铲斗操作：掌握铲斗操作的技巧，了解铲斗的升降、装卸、倾斜等功能。

根据需要，使用铲斗完成装载、堆载或推土等作业。

8. 注意安全：在操作过程中，始终保持警觉和注意安全。

注意观察周围环境，避免碰撞或夹伤。

保持和他人的交流和合作，避免发生事故。

9. 停车和熄火：完成工作后，将油门调到低档位，将转向盘转向中立位置。

拉起手刹和调整驻车挡位。

等待发动机完全停止运转后，关闭点火开关。

10. 下车操作：严格按照安全程序，从机舱内下车。

在机舱周围检查是否有杂物，确保安全。

请注意，以上操作仅供参考，具体操作方法应根据轮式装载机的具体型号和使用说明进行操作。

操作人员应受过相关培训并持有相应的驾驶证。

轮式装载机导言：轮式装载机是一种重型的工程机械设备，主要用于土方工程、道路施工和矿山开采等领域。

它具有灵活的行驶能力和高效的装卸能力，成为现代工程建设不可或缺的设备之一。

本文将详细介绍轮式装载机的定义、工作原理、结构组成、应用领域以及未来发展趋势等方面。

一、轮式装载机的定义轮式装载机是一种利用机械装置和液压系统，搭载在车架上的装载桶进行装卸工作的工程机械设备。

它通常由发动机、传动系统、行走机构、液压系统和操作室等部分组成。

轮式装载机的特点是具有较强的移动能力和大容量的装载能力，能够快速完成各种装卸任务。

二、轮式装载机的工作原理轮式装载机的工作原理主要包括动力传递、液压驱动和装载操作三个方面。

1. 动力传递轮式装载机的动力来自于发动机，通过传动系统将发动机产生的动力传递给行走机构和液压系统，从而驱动装载机的行驶和装卸。

2. 液压驱动轮式装载机液压系统主要由液压泵、液压缸和液压阀组成。

液压泵将发动机传来的动力通过液压油传导给液压缸，通过液压阀的控制，实现装载桶的起升、倾斜和卸料等操作。

3. 装载操作装载操作是轮式装载机最主要的工作内容，通过操作操作杆和操纵台控制装载桶的装卸。

装载桶可以前后倾斜，使其具有铲取、装卸材料的功能。

三、轮式装载机的结构组成轮式装载机一般由发动机、传动系统、行走机构、液压系统、装载桶和操作室等组件构成。

1. 发动机轮式装载机的发动机一般采用柴油机，具有动力大、经济实用等特点。

发动机通过传动系统的传动来驱动装载机的运动和操作。

2. 传动系统传动系统主要由变速器、传动轴和驱动桥组成，将发动机输出的动力传递给行走机构和液压系统。

3. 行走机构行走机构包括前后桥、轮胎、悬挂系统等，能够使轮式装载机在不平坦的地面上灵活行驶。

4. 液压系统液压系统由液压泵、液压缸、液压阀等组成，提供动力传递和装载操作所需的液压力。

5. 装载桶装载桶是轮式装载机的核心部件，通常具有一定的容量和强度，能够完成各种装卸操作。

常林ZLM50E-5轮式装载机简介一、产品概述ZLM50E-5装载机是ZLM50E-2产品的升级产品，在国内同档次产品中处于领先水平，特别是在工作液压系统、传动系统先进可靠。

该产品适用在基建工程、道路修筑、路面养护中从事砂石、泥土、煤炭等散状物料的铲挖、装卸等作业。

可根据用户的需求选配矿山用液压破碎锤，冬季除雪、推雪装置，煤场、料场作业装置，工程货车用高卸装置以及各种林场、木材厂、纸业、石油管等作业抓具等。

1997年荣获中国机械工业名牌产品 2004年荣获中国名牌产品连续十五年被中质协评为“用户满意产品”二、主要参数三、主要配置四.主要特点：1.整机设计动力匹配合理，具有强劲的牵引力、掘起力，作业效率高，经济性好。

整机选用性能卓越的国内优质发动机，噪音低、环保性能好，燃油消耗少。

为了满足粉尘多、恶劣工况，配置专利技术的二级空气过滤器；外露胶管、启动电瓶等均采用国内知名品牌，满足不同的环境温度要求。

2.传动系统配备改进型定轴式动力换档变速箱并辅之以键块式工程机械专用传动轴，系统久经市场考验，结构简单，传动效率高，维修装配性极佳。

在兰州铁路局、天津港、南昌铁路局的实际超负荷使用中变速箱、变矩器平均无故障率达到4500小时左右。

常林前进三档、后退三档是定轴式变速箱的特点。

机械换档，操作灵活，定位准确，能很好的满足不同的作业工况。

（操作手可以根据物料的轻重，对掘起力牵引力大小的需求，地面的平整度选择合理的档位，从而提高整机的工作效率）。

相对具有传动比合理，换档冲击小的优点。

双变中的齿轮和连接轴都经过奥地利引进的自动化热处理炉进行高频淬火，碳氮共渗处理，为常林变速箱，变矩器长时间的使用寿命提供了充分的保证。

3、负荷传感全液压转向，双泵合流，系统简单实用，功率损失小，降低了燃油消耗。

在常时间的工作过程中体现出常林5吨装载机高效节能的特点。

（当操纵举升或翻斗动作时，转向泵同时通过优先阀向工作系统供油，加大了工作系统流量，起升速度加快，提高了转向泵的使用效率，从而达到了高效节能。

370-6 ENMNHG-NA1-8ZW370-6 WHEEL LOADER OPERATOR'S MANUAL PRINTED IN JAPAN (K) 2024, 05URL:https:///global/Wheel LoaderOperator's Manual Serial No. 005201 and up, 006001 and upINTRODUCTION©2024 Hitachi Construction Machinery Co., Ltd.All rights reserved.Read this manual carefully to learn how to operate and service your machine correctly. Failure to do so could result in personal injury or machine damage.This standard specification machine can be operated under the following conditions without being modified.Atmospheric Temperature: -20 °C to 40 °C (-4 °F to 104 °F)Altitude: 0 m to 2000 m (0 ft to 6600 ft)In case the machine is used under conditions other than described above, consult a dealer authorized by Hitachi Construction Machinery (“Authorized Dealer”).This manual should be considered a permanent part of your machine and should remain with the machine when you sell it.This machine is of metric design. Measurements in this manual are metric. Use only metric hardware and tools as specified.Right-hand and left-hand sides are determined by facing in the direction of forward travel.Write product identification numbers in the Machine Numbers section. Accurately record all the numbers to help in tracing the machine should it be stolen. Authorized Dealer also needs these numbers when you order parts. If this manual is kept on the machine, also file the identification numbers in a secure place off the machine. Use only diesel fuel with quality specified in JIS K-2204, EN-590 or ASTM D-975 which contents 15 ppm or lower sulfur.Also use fuel that complies with solid contamination level of class 18/16/13 of ISO4406-1999 (solid contamination includes dust). If the fuel specified above is not used, exhaust gas that exceeds the regulation values may be discharged, causing serious problem on the engine. Consult Authorized Dealer.Warranty is provided as a part of Hitachi Construction Machinery’s support program for customers who operate and maintain their equipment as described in this manual. The warranty is explained on the warranty certificate which you should have received from Authorized Dealer.This warranty provides you with the assurance that Hitachi Construction Machinery will back its products where defects appear within the warranty period. In some circumstances, Hitachi Construction Machinery also provides field improvements, often without charge to the customer, even if the product is out of warranty. Should the equipment be abused, or modified to change its performance beyond the original factory specifications, the warranty will become void and field improvements may be denied. Setting fuel delivery above specifications or otherwise overpowering machines will result in such action.Only qualified, experienced operators officially licensed (according to local law) should be allowed to operate the machine. Moreover, only officially licensed personnel should be allowed to inspect and service the machine.PRIOR TO OPERATING THIS MACHINE, INCLUDING COMMUNICATION SYSTEM, IN A COUNTRY OTHER THAN A COUNTRY OF ITS INTENDED USE, IT MAY BE NECESSARY TO MAKE MODIFICATIONS TO IT SO THAT IT COMPLIES WITH THE LOCAL REGULATORY STANDARDS (INCLUDING SAFETY STANDARDS) AND LEGAL REQUIREMENTS OF THAT PARTICULAR COUNTRY. PLEASE DO NOT EXPORT OR OPERATE THIS MACHINE OUTSIDE OF THE COUNTRY OF ITS INTENDED USE UNTIL SUCH COMPLIANCE HAS BEEN CONFIRMED. PLEASE CONTACT HITACHI CONSTRUCTION MACHINERY CO., LTD. OR ANY OF OUR AUTHORIZED DISTRIBUTOR OR DEALER IF YOU HAVE ANY QUESTIONS CONCERNING COMPLIANCE.In this manual, urea water is indicated as DEF/AdBlue®.“DEF” stands for the Diesel Exhaust Fluid. AdBlue® is a registered trademark of the Verband der Automobilindustrie e.V. (VDA).All information, illustrations and specifications in this manual are based on the latest product information available at thetime of publication. The right is reserved to make changes at any time without notice.ENMNHG-NA1-8MEMO ..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................MACHINE NUMBERS (1)Aftertreatment Device (3)SAFETY ..........................................................................S-1 Recognize Safety Information ....................................................S-1 Understand Signal Words .............................................................S-1 Follow Safety Instructions ............................................................S-2 Prepare for Emergencies ...............................................................S-3 Wear Appropriate Clothing .........................................................S-3 Inspect Machine ..............................................................................S-4 General Precautions for Cab ........................................................S-5 Use Handrails and Steps ...............................................................S-6 Never Ride Attachment .................................................................S-6 Adjust Operator’s Seat ...................................................................S-6 Ensure Safety Before Leaving or Standing up from Operator's Seat ...........................................................................S-7 Fasten Your Seat Belt ......................................................................S-7 Move and Operate Machine Safely ...........................................S-8 Handle Starting Aids Safely .........................................................S-8 Operate Only from Operator’s Seat ..........................................S-9 Jump Starting ...................................................................................S-9 Precautions for Operations ..........................................................S-9 Investigate Job Site Beforehand .............................................S-10 Equipment of Head Guard, ROPS, FOPS ...............................S-11 Provide Signals for Jobs Involving Multiple Machines....S-11 Keep Riders Off Machine ...........................................................S-12 Drive Safely .....................................................................................S-12 Drive Machine Safely (Work Site) ............................................S-13 Drive Safely with Bucket Loaded ............................................S-14 Drive on Snow Safely ..................................................................S-14 Travel on Public Roads Safely ...................................................S-15 Avoid Injury from Rollaway Accidents ..................................S-15 Avoid Accidents from Backing Up and Turning ................S-16 Avoid Positioning Bucket or Attachment Over Anyone .S-17 Avoid Tipping .................................................................................S-17 Never Undercut a High Bank ....................................................S-18 Dig with Caution ...........................................................................S-18 Perform Truck Loading Safely ..................................................S-18 Avoid Power Lines ........................................................................S-19 Caution with an Overhead Obstacle .....................................S-19 Precautions for Lightning ..........................................................S-19 Protect Against Flying Debris and Falling Object .............S-20 Object Handling ...........................................................................S-21 Park Machine Safely .....................................................................S-22 Store Attachments Safely ..........................................................S-22 Transport Safely ............................................................................S-23 Handle Fluids Safely−Avoid Fires............................................S-24 Practice Safe Maintenance ........................................................S-25 Warn Others of Service Work ...................................................S-26 Support Machine Properly ........................................................S-26 Stay Clear of Moving Parts ........................................................S-27 Support Maintenance Properly ...............................................S-27 Prevent Parts from Flying ..........................................................S-28 Prevent Burns .................................................................................S-28 Replace Rubber Hoses Periodically ........................................S-29 Avoid High-Pressure Fluids .......................................................S-29 Prevent Fires ...................................................................................S-30Evacuating in Case of Fire ..........................................................S-31 Beware of Exhaust Fumes..........................................................S-32 Precautions for Welding and Grinding .................................S-32 Avoid Heating Near Pressurized Fluid Lines .......................S-32 Avoid Applying Heat to Lines Containing Flammable Fluids ...........................................................................................S-33 Precautions for Handling Accumulator and GasDamper .......................................................................................S-33 Precautions for Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF) ..........................S-33 Remove Paint Before Welding or Heating ...........................S-34 Beware of Asbestos and Silicon Dust and Other Contamination .........................................................................S-34 Prevent Battery Explosions .......................................................S-35 Service Air Conditioning System Safely ...............................S-35 Handle Chemical Products Safely ...........................................S-36 Dispose of Waste Properly .........................................................S-36 Notes for Aftertreatment Device ............................................S-37 Precautions for Communication Terminal ...........................S-37 Precautions for Communication Terminal Equipment ...S-38 Articulation Stopper (Lock Bar) ...............................................S-40 Joystick Steering System ON/OFF (Option) ........................S-41 SAFETY LABELS ...........................................................S-42 COMPONENTS NAME ....................................................1-1 Components Name ........................................................................1-1 GETTING ON AND OFF THE MACHINE .........................1-3 Getting ON and OFF the Machine .............................................1-3 OPERATOR’S STATION ..................................................1-4 Aftertreatment Device ...................................................................1-4 Automatic Regeneration ..............................................................1-6 Repeated Inhibiting of Aftertreatment DeviceCleaning ...................................................................................1-7 Cab Features ......................................................................................1-8 Cab Features (For joystick steering spec.) ...............................1-8 Front Console ....................................................................................1-9 Front Console (For joystick steering spec.) ..........................1-10 Joystick Steering ...........................................................................1-11 Right Console .................................................................................1-12 Fingertip Control Type ..........................................................1-12 Right Console .................................................................................1-13 Fingertip Control Type (For joystick steering spec.) ...1-13 Multi-Function Joystick Type ..............................................1-14 Monitor Panel ................................................................................1-15 Parking Brake Indicator (Red)...................................................1-16 Brake Oil Low Pressure Indicator (Red) .................................1-16 Hydraulic Oil Level Indicator (Red) .........................................1-16 Low Steering Oil Pressure Indicator (Red) ...........................1-17 Transmission Warning Indicator (Red) ..................................1-17 Communication Error Indicator (Yellow) .............................1-17 Discharge Warning Indicator (Red) ........................................1-17 Engine Warning Indicator (Red) ..............................................1-18 Overheat Indicator (Red) ...........................................................1-18 Engine Oil Low Pressure Indicator (Red) ..............................1-18 Air Filter Restriction Indicator (Red) .......................................1-19 Preheat Indicator (Yellow) .........................................................1-19Coolant Temperature Gauge ....................................................1-20 Fuel Gauge ......................................................................................1-20 Turn Signal Indicator (Green) ...................................................1-21 High Beam Indicator (Blue) .......................................................1-21 Work Light Indicator (Yellow) ...................................................1-21 Clearance Light Indicator (Green) ..........................................1-22 Control Lever Lock Indicator (Red) .........................................1-22 Multi Function Monitor ..............................................................1-23 Default Setting ..............................................................................1-24 Basic Screen ....................................................................................1-25 How to Use Screens .....................................................................1-26 Displaying Basic Screen ........................................................1-26 Monitor Operation .................................................................1-30 Alarm Occurrence Screen ..........................................................1-31 Remedy .......................................................................................1-33 DEF/SCR System Alarm ...............................................................1-36 DEF/AdBlue® Level Alarm ....................................................1-36 Urea SCR System Malfunction ............................................1-37 Aftertreatment Device Regeneration ...................................1-38 Aftertreatment Device Regeneration Status Display .1-38 Automatic regeneration (Auto-regeneration) ..............1-39 Manual Regeneration ............................................................1-40 Main Menu ......................................................................................1-41 Ride Control Drive Speed Setting ...........................................1-42 Dual Lift Arm Auto-Leveler .......................................................1-43 Height/Lower Kickout ON/OFF, Stop Height Setting .1-44 Brightness Adjustment ...............................................................1-45 Mail (Option) ..................................................................................1-47 Setting Menu .................................................................................1-49 Date and Time................................................................................1-50 Time Adjustment ....................................................................1-50 Date Adjustment .....................................................................1-52 Display Mode Setting ............................................................1-54 Auto Shut-Down (Idling Stop) .................................................1-56 Auto Shut-Down: ON/OFF ...................................................1-56 Acting Time Setting................................................................1-57 Rear View Camera Monitor .......................................................1-58 Aftertreatment Device Regeneration Inhibited ................1-60 Setting Procedure ...................................................................1-60 Transmission Setting ...................................................................1-62 Shift Change Delay Mode Setting ...................................1-62 Lockup Setting ........................................................................1-64 Traction Control Setting ......................................................1-66 Parallel/Tandem Switching Height Setting .........................1-68 Warm Up Operation ....................................................................1-70 Language Settings .......................................................................1-72 List of Display Language ............................................................1-74 Display Item Selection ................................................................1-75 Main Menu Sequence (Display Order) Change .................1-77 Information Menu ........................................................................1-79 Operation Condition ...................................................................1-80 Fuel Consumption ..................................................................1-80 Maintenance ..................................................................................1-82 Maintenance Notice ...............................................................1-82 Time Remains and Maintenance Interval .......................1-84 Troubleshooting ...........................................................................1-86Monitoring ......................................................................................1-88 Front Console Switches, Pedals, and Steering Wheel ......1-90 Front Console Switches, Pedals, and Joystick Steering...1-91 Hazard Switch ................................................................................1-92 Work Light Switch ........................................................................1-93 Parking Brake Switch ...................................................................1-94 Neutral Lever Lock (for the Forward/Reverse Lever) .......1-95 Horn Switch ....................................................................................1-95 Key Switch .......................................................................................1-96 Steering Wheel ..............................................................................1-96 Joystick Steering (Option) .........................................................1-97 Joystick Steering Lever .........................................................1-97 Forward/Reverse Switch .......................................................1-97 Joystick Steering System Switch .......................................1-97 Shift Switch ...............................................................................1-98 Turn Signal Lever ..........................................................................1-99 Turn Signal Switch (Joystick Steering Spec.) ......................1-99 Light Switch ..................................................................................1-100 High-Low Beam Switch ............................................................1-101 Light Switch (For joystick steering spec.) ...........................1-102 Accelerator Pedal ........................................................................1-104 Brake Pedal ...................................................................................1-104 Service Brake ..........................................................................1-104 Declutch Brake .......................................................................1-104 Forward/Reverse Lever and Shift Switch ...........................1-105 Forward/Reverse Lever .......................................................1-105 Shift Switch .............................................................................1-105 Tilt, Telescopic Lever/Steering Column Tilt Pedal ..........1-106 Wiper Switch ................................................................................1-106 Wiper Operation ....................................................................1-106 Front/Rear Wiper Switch .....................................................1-107 Wiper Switch (For joystick steering spec.) .........................1-109 Wiper Operation ....................................................................1-109 Front/Rear Wiper Switch .....................................................1-110 Right Console / Switches (Steering wheel spec.) ............1-111 Fingertip Control Type ........................................................1-111 Right Console/Switches (Joystick steering spec.) ...........1-112 Fingertip Control Type ........................................................1-112 Loading Control Levers ............................................................1-113 Right Console / Switches .........................................................1-115 Multi-Function Joystick Type ............................................1-115 Loading Multi-Function Joystick Lever (Option) .............1-116 Auxiliary Control Lever (Option) ...........................................1-117 Power Mode Selector Switch .................................................1-117 Turn Signal Switch (Joystick steering spec.) .....................1-118 Forward/Reverse Selector Switch(Steering wheel spec.) .........................................................1-119 Operational Procedure ........................................................1-119 Loading Control Lever Lock Switch .....................................1-120 Declutch Position Switch .........................................................1-120 Travel Mode Selector Switch ..................................................1-121 Fan Reverse Rotation Switch ..................................................1-122 OFF .............................................................................................1-122 AUTO ........................................................................................1-122 Manual Operation ................................................................1-123 2nd/3rd Speed Limit Switch (Joystick steering spec.) ...1-124。

装载机的结构原理及使用保养与维修前言装载机作为一种高效多功能的工程机械，在国家建设的各个方面发挥着巨大的作用。

是一种广泛用于铲装土壤、沙石、石灰、煤炭等散装物料，也可对矿石、硬土等作轻度铲挖作业，换装不同的辅助工作装置装载机还可进行破碎、推土、起重等作业。

我公司使用装载机主要是铲装用于生产水泥的各种原材料，推平各种原料堆场，外运原料时配合自卸汽车装卸物料等作业。

为了使我公司装载机驾驶人员进一步了解装载机的结构、性能以及工作原理，为正确使用保养和维修装载机打下良好的基础，特举办本次培训。

目录第一讲装载机的总体构造第二讲装载机的使用与安全第三讲装载机的保养第一讲、装载机的总体构造轮式装载机主要由动力系统、传动系统、车架、转向系统、制动系统、行走装置、工作装置、工作液压系统、电气系统和操纵系统组成。

动力系统装载机动力系统一般是指柴油机系统，是一种能量转换机构，它将燃料在气缸内燃烧所产生的热能转变为机械能的动力装置。

柴油机传来的动力，一部分经过变距器传给变速箱，再由变速箱把动力经前后传动轴分别传给前后驱动桥，以驱动车轮前进；另一部分则经过设在变速箱或变距器上的取力接口，传给液压泵（如变速泵、转向泵、工作泵等）为传动系统、转向系统和工作液压系统等提供动力。

我公司装载机上应用的都是活塞往复式四冲程柴油机，其主要由机体和曲轴连杆机构，配气机构、冷却系、润滑系、燃料系、电气设备等组成。

柴油机的工作原理柴油机的基本工作原理是，将燃油喷入气缸，与压缩后的高温、高压空气相混合自性燃烧，在气缸内产生高温、高压的气体，从而推动活塞经连杆使曲轴旋转作功，同时将燃烧后的废气排出气缸体。

四冲程柴油机工作原理四冲程柴油机工作循环是把进气、压缩、作功和排气四个过程分配在活塞四个行程内，曲轴旋转两周完成一次工作循环。

二、传动系统装载机动力装置和行走装置（驱动轮）之间的传动部件总称为传动系统。

传动系统的作用是将动力装置输出的动力按需要传给驱动轮和其它机构（如工作油泵、转向油泵等），并解决动力装置功率输出特性和行走装置动力需求之间的各种矛盾。