商务谈判中的语言礼仪
邹平县黄山中学董俊
在商务谈判过程中，谈判各方通过语言进行沟通。谈判能否成功很大程度上取决于语言的使用。礼貌语言传达各种信息，建立和维护社会关系。它不仅表现为人的日常生活，而且还表现为人的政治、经济、文化等社会生活，在商务谈判中应考虑礼貌和礼貌用语。
1、合理使用模糊语言
模糊语言被认为是商务谈判中常用的语言技巧和策略。意思是用一些单词或短语来表达你所不能表达的意思，或者不表达清楚。为了避免误解和不便，在商务谈判中，无论是口头形式还是书面形式，都应该有明确和准确的方式。但有时说话者不能清楚地表达自己的想法，或者我们不愿意把它明确地说出来是为了一些实际的目的，在这种情况下，我们更倾向于把模糊的语言运用到理性的使用上。
保持和谐氛围，避免在商务谈判过程中的紧张局面，是十分重要的。然而，冲突是不可避免的。当面对面发生的冲突时，为了节省对方的脸，谈判者需要使用模糊的表情，否则，谈判可能会陷入僵局。在以下几种情况下使用模糊语言是恰当的。
（1）特定的谈判场合
商务谈判是一个复杂的过程，涉及到多个方面。当你回答某些问题，这是超出你的权限的限制，或是不方便的时候，你给一个答复，在某些情况下，模糊的语言应该被用来处理。例如：
“Your order is welcome. We’ll try to see what we can do.”“We’ll get in touch with our manufacturers and try our best to advance the time of delivery.”“We should give you our reply as soon as possible.”“Our foreign trade policy has always been based on equality and mutual benefit and exchange of needed goods.”“Concerning our financial position, credit standing and trade reputation, you may refer to New York Branch, the bank of China, or to our local chamber of commerce.”
In the above sentences, the phrases “try to see what we can do”, “try our best to advance the time of delivery”, “as soon as possible”, “based on equality and mutual benefit and exchange of needed goods”
and “you may refer to New York Branch, the bank of China, or to our local chamber of commerce”give indefinite information which has more flexibility and can be understood and explained in different ways. （2）为了避免伤害感情
由于受限制的谈判场合，有时谈判者应避免使用直接的语言，以免得罪同行。在这种情况下，使用模糊表达应该是最有效的。例如：“We have always insisted on the principle of ‘equality and mutual benefit and exchange of needed goods’, but we have adopted much more flexible method in our dealings nowadays.”“Well, Mr. Brown, considering this is a new product, we may offer you allowance on a sliding scale in order to open up the new market.”“The quantity of our order depends greatly on your prices.”“The demands on the international market are much more than we expect.”
In the above sentences, such phrases as “much more flexible method”, “allowance on a sliding scale”, “greatly”, “much more than we expect”are all general expressions, which convey blurred information to the listener. Obviously, these vague expressions are used on the occasion that the direct language can not be used.
（3）为了避免面对面的冲突
使用模糊语言是很重要的，保持和谐的氛围，避免使紧张的局面，甚至保存在商务谈判中的面孔。面对面的冲突，这是我们使用模糊语言的最有效的方式。例如：
Dialogue (1)
A:“If that’s the case, there is hardly any need for further discussions, we might as well call the whole off.”
B:“What I mean is that we’ll never be able to come down to the price you name. The gap is too great. Well, in order to get business, we are quite willing to make some concessions.”
Dialogue (2)
A:“But can’t you find some way to get round your manufacturers for an earlier delivery? I hope you can give our request your special consideration.”
B:“You may take it from me that the last thing we want to do is to disappoint a customer, especially an old customer like you, we’ll get in
