南京航空航天大学845翻译与写作(日语)历年考研试题

2016年南京航空航天大学翻译硕士（MTI）汉语写作与百科知识真题试卷(总分：54.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、单项选择题(总题数：25，分数：50.00)1.下列关于《诗经》的说法中，不正确的一项是( )。

（分数：2.00）A.它是我国第一部诗歌总集B.它共收诗305篇C.它反映了西周初年至春秋中叶五百多年的丰富社会生活D.它是由孔子编订并命名为“诗经”的√解析：解析：《诗经》是我国最早的一部诗歌总集，收集了自西周初年至春秋中叶五百多年的诗歌，共305篇。

《诗经》相传由孔子编订，称为《诗》。

汉武帝“独尊儒术”之后，始称《诗经》，并被儒家列为经典之一。

2.明代四大奇书不包括( )。

（分数：2.00）A.《三国演义》B.《水浒传》C.《儒林外史》√D.《金瓶梅》解析：解析：明代四大奇书是指明代四部著名的长篇章回小说《三国演义》《水浒传》《西游记》和《金瓶梅》。

这四部小说开创了章回小说的四种类型，即历史演义小说、英雄传奇小说、神魔小说和世情小说。

《儒林外史》是清代吴敬梓所著的长篇小说。

故本题正确选项为C项。

3.选出下列各句成语的出处、文章作者及其生活时代都正确的一项：( )。

（分数：2.00）A.妄自菲薄——《出师表》——诸葛亮——西晋B.豁然开朗——《桃花源记》——陶渊明——东晋√C.山不在高，有仙则灵——《爱莲说》——刘禹锡——唐代D.心旷神怡——《岳阳楼记》——欧阳修——宋代解析：解析：A项年代错误，诸葛亮为三国时期蜀汉丞相；C项成语的出处错误，应为刘禹锡的《陋室铭》；D项作者错误，《岳阳楼记》作者是范仲淹。

4.韩愈和柳宗元大力提倡古文运动，他们所谓的“古文”，是指( )。

（分数：2.00）A.先秦两汉的文章√B.先秦诸子的文章C.唐代以前的文章D.汉代司马迁和班固等人的文章解析：解析：韩愈、柳宗元所提倡的“古文”，指先秦两汉的散文。

先秦两汉的散文质朴自由，以散行单句为主，不受格式拘束，有利于反映现实生活、表达思想。

南京航空航天大学2021年[英语]考研真题I. Vocabulary and Structure (20 points)Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are fourchoices marked A., B., C. and D. Choose ONE answer that best completes the sentence.1. “Why didn‟t you buy it?” “I _______ but I didn‟t have the money.”A. wouldB. would haveC. had hadD. had bought2. The board deemed it urgent that these files ______ right away.A. had to be printedB. should have been printedC. must be printedD. should be printed3. I have heard both colleagues and boss ______ well of him.A. to speakB. spokenC. to have spokenD. speak4. Jean worked just so much ________.A. like what she was told toB. as she was told toC. as to what she tried to doD. like she was told to5. This union, ______ the 1990‟s, provides financial assistance to support laid-off workers.A. when it was foundedB. was foundedC. which was founded inD. was founded in6. As he was blamed for damage he hadn‟t caused, indignation ____ up in him.A. surgedB. appearedC. roseD. soared7. If the fire alarm is sounded, all students are requested to _____ in the courtyard.A. convergeB. assembleC. crowdD. accumulate8. If Peter wins tomorrow, he _____ thirty races in the past four years.A. will winB. has wonC. would have wonD. will have won9. Petrol is manufactured from the ____ oil we take out of the ground.A. roughB. rawC. crudeD. tough10. The size of the audience, ____ we had expected, was well over one thousand.A. whomB. asC. whoD. that11. Human behavior is mostly a product of learning, ______ the behavior of animal depends mainly on instinct.A. soB. unlessC. howeverD. whereas12. He ______ the meeting, but upon learning that they would discuss something irrelevant to his field of study,he dropped the idea.A. was going to attendB. had attendedC. were to attendD. would have attended13. The computer is the only one _____ to issue tickets on the plane.A. to allowB. allowedC. allowingD. to have allowed14. So confused ____ that he didn‟t know how to start his lecture.A. since he becameB. that he becameC. would he becomeD. did he become15. Nuclear science should be developed to benefit people ______ harm them.A. more thanB. rather thanC. other thanD. better than16. This rock has to be ____ in order to build a road.A. blastedB. exploredC. hiredD. maintained17. When they returned to the river, they found that the boat had _______ away.A. framedB. frostedC. frownedD. floated18. The English proverb “____ the rod and spoil the child” means that if you keep from punishing the child,you will spoil its character.A. ruleB. spareC. clapD. rug19. After people have learned that magnets attract things, centuries passed ____ they took note of the fact thatmagnets sometimes also repel things.A. beforeB. untilC. afterD. since20. In that country, students will be _____ admittance to their classroom if they are not properly dressed.A. declinedB. deprivedC. deniedD. desertedII. Reading Comprehension (30 points)Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. For each of them there are four choices markedA., B., C. and D. You should decide on the best choice.Passage 1A child who has once been pleased with a tale likes, as a rule, to have it retold in identically the same words, but this should not lead parents to treat printed fairy stories as sacred texts. It is always much better to tell a story than to read it out of a book and, if a parent can produce an improvement on the printed text, so much the better.A charge made against fairy tales is that they harm the child by frightening him or arousing his sadistic impulses. To prove the latter, one would have to show in a controlled experiment that children who have read fairy stories were more often guilty of cruelty than those who had not. On the whole, their symbolic verbaldischarge seems to be rather a safety valve than an incitement to overt action. As to fears, there are, I think,well-authenticated cases of children being dangerously terrified by some fairy story. Often, however, this arises from the child having been told the story on only one occasion. Familiarity with the story by repetition turns the pain of fear into the pleasure of a fear faced and mastered.There are also people who object to fairy stories on the grounds that they are not objectively true, that giants, witches, two-headed dragons,magic carpets, etc. do not exist; and that, instead of indulging his fantasies in fairy tales, the child should be taught how to adapt to reality by studying history and mechanics. I find suchpeople, I must confess, so unsympathetic and peculiar that I do not know how to argue with them. If their case were sound, the world should be full of madmen attempting to fly from New York to Philadelphia on a broomstick or covering a telephone with kisses in the belief that it was their enchanted girlfriend. No fairy story ever claimed to be a description of the external world and no sane child has ever believed that it was.21. The author considers that a fairy story is more effective when it is ________.A. repeated without variationB. treated with reverenceC. adapted by the parentD. set in the past22. The word “overt” (paragraph 2) means ________.A. acuteB. authenticC. apparentD. artificial23. According to the passage, great fear can be stimulated in a child when a story is ____.A. filled with excitementB. heard only onceC. repeated too oftenD. read out of a book24. According to the passage, the advantage claimed for repeating fairy stories to young children is that it_______.A. makes them come to terms with their fearsB. develops their power of memoryC. convinces them there is something to be afraid ofD. encourages them not to have ridiculous beliefs25. The author‟s mention of broomsticks and telephones is meant to suggest that ______.A. fairy stories are still being vividly made upB. children do not easily accept fairy tales as they areC. people try their best to modernize old fairy storiesD. there is more concern for children's fears nowadaysPassage 2Psychologists have found that privately made confidential resolutions are rarely followed, whereas a public commitment to achieve some goal, such as losing weight or giving up smoking is likely to be much more effective. This is because the approval of others for doing something desirable is valued. In contrast,disapproval for failure can lead to feelings of shame.Advertising agencies have designed studies bearing out the truth of this observation. In this research, a group of strangers was bombarded with information about the qualities of a particular product. They were thenasked to either announce out loud or write down privately whether they intended to buy the product. It was laterdiscovered that those who publicly declared their intention to buy were considerably more likely to do so than those who affirmed their intentions in private.In another study, an experimenter claiming to represent a local utility company interviewed house owners telling them he was investigating ways in which energy consumption could be reduced. Half the subjects,randomly selected, were told that if they agreed to conserve energy their names would be mentioned in an article published in the local newspaper; the remaining half were told their names would not be used. All those interviewed agreed to cooperate and signed a form either giving consent for their names to be used or stating that their names would not be used. Later in the year, the amount of gas consumed in each house was recorded.The owners who had agreed to their names being published had used significantly less gas than those who remained anonymous.26. It can be inferred that all of the following help motivate a person to achieve a goal EXCEPT_________.A. a desire for approvalB. a fear of disapprovalC. a fear of failureD. a sense of non-commitment27. Why were advertising agencies interested in conducting their study?A. They wanted to introduce a new way of promoting products.B. They wanted to demonstrate the quality of their products.C. They wanted to know if people intended to purchase their products.D. They wanted to find the best way to get people to buy their products.28. According to the passage, the anonymous subjects in the energy-consumption experimentA. didn‟t cooperateB. didn‟t sign a formC. didn‟t want their names publishedD. didn‟t use significantly less gas29. How did the experimenter find out the amount of gas the subjects used?A. By recording the amount of gas usedB. By stating the amount of gas in the contractC. By publishing the amount of gas consumed in each houseD. By giving people a limited amount of gas to use30. This passage supports which of the following conclusions?A. Commitments made in private are more likely to fail.B. Disapproval for failure makes people less willing to make public commitments.C. Intentions affirmed in private are more effective than those published in newspapers.D. Well-informed people are more likely to publicly declare their intentions.Passage 3The danger of misinterpretation is greatest, of course, among speakers who actually speak different native tongues, or come from different cultural backgrounds, because cultural difference necessarily implies different assumptions about natural and obvious ways to be polite.Anthropologist Thomas Kochman gives the example of a white office worker who appeared with a bandaged arm and felt rejected because her black fellow worker didn‟t mention it. The doubly wounded worker assumed that her silent colleague didn‟t notice or didn‟t care. But the co-worker was purposely not calling attention to something her colleague might not want to talk about. She let her decide whether or not to mentionit, being considerate by not imposing. Kochman says, based on his research, that these differences reflect recognizable black and white styles.An American woman visiting England was repeatedly offended — even, on bad days, enraged — when the British ignored her in setting in which she thought they should pay attention. For example, she was sitting at a booth in a railway-station cafeteria. A couple began to settle into the opposite seat in the same booth. They unloaded their luggage; they laid their coats on the seat; he asked what she would like to eat and went off to get it; she slid into the booth facing the American. And throughout all this, they showed no sign of having noticed that someone was already sitting in the booth.When the British woman lit up a cigarette, the American had a concrete object for her anger. She began ostentatiously looking around for another table to move to. Of course there was none; that‟s why the British couple had sat in her booth in the first place. The smokerimmediately crushed out her cigarette and apologized.This showed that she had noticed that someone else was sitting in the booth, and that she was not inclined to disturb her. But then she went back to pretending the American wasn‟t there, a ruse in which her husband collaborated when he returned with their food and they ate it. To the American, politeness requires talk between strangers forced to share a booth in a cafeteria, if only a fleeting “Do you mind if I sit down?” or a conventional, “Is anyone sitting here?” even if it‟s obvious no one is.The omission of such talk seemed to her like dreadful rudeness. The American couldn‟t see that another systemof politeness was at work. By not acknowledging her presence, the British couple freed her from the obligation to acknowledge theirs. The American expected a show of involvement; they were being polite by not imposing.An American man who had lived for years in Japan explained a similar politeness ethic. He lived, as many Japanese do, in extremely close quarters — a tiny room separated from neighboring rooms by paper-thin walls.In this case the walls were literally made of paper. In order to preserve privacy in this most un-private situation,his Japanese neighbor with the door open, they steadfastly glued their gaze ahead as if they were alone in a desert. The American confessed to feeling what I believe most American would feel if a next-door neighborpassed within a few feet without acknowledging their presence — snubbed. But he realized that the intention was not rudeness by omitting to show involvement, but politeness by not imposing.The fate of the earth depends on cross-cultural communication. Nations must reach agreements, and agreements are made by individual representatives of nations sitting down and talking to each other — public analogues of private conversation. The processes are the same, and so are the pitfalls. Only the possible consequences are more extreme.31. In Thomas Kochman‟s example, when the white office worker appeared with a bandaged arm, why did her colleague keep silent?A. Because she didn‟t care about her white colleague at all.B. Because she was considerate by imposing on her.C. Because she didn‟t want to embarrass her white colleague.D. Because she was aware of their different cultural backgrounds.32. What is the best definition for the word “imposing” in paragraph 2?A. Unreasonably expecting someone to do something.B. Using your authority to make sure a rule is kept.C. Acting in a grand, impressive way.D. Causing troubles to oneself.33. Which of the following can be concluded from the passage?A. The British would like to avoid talking to strangers in public.B. The American would like to be imposed in different settings.C. The British expect a small talk between strangers who are forced to share a booth in a cafeteria.D. The American enjoy being ignored in unfamiliar settings.34. What seems to be …Japanese‟behavior in order to preserve privacy in close quarters?A. They would separate their rooms by paper-thin walls.B. They act as if they have never known someone living next to them.C. They are very friendly and considerate to their neighbors.D. They pull their face long and glue steadfastly their gaze ahead.35. Which of the following can serve as the best title for the passage?A. An American Woman‟s Overseas ExperienceB. The Cultural WaveC. Mixed Meta-message across CulturesD. Pitfalls and Possible ConsequencesIII. English -Chinese Translation (15 points)Directions: Translate the following passages into Chinese.At its worst, it means shorter attention spans, shallower memories, fragmented, unsustained argument, the undermining of intellectual property rights and a tendency to mistake anecdote for fact. At its best, the Internet represents an intellectual revolution, fostering free collaboration as never before, with dramatically improved access to boundless information, the great store of the world‟s knowledge just afew keystrokes and clicks away.VI. Chinese-English Translation (15 points)Directions: Translate the following passage into English.我们已快要临到这人世悲惨之境地，在这世界上，稍有人格的民族，都无法忍受的。

南京航空航天大学2022年[艺术学概论]考研真题一、名词解释1、戏曲艺术2、小说3、艺术语言4、典型二、简答题1、在世界电影艺术发展史上，与现代科学技术发展密切联系的三次重大变革是什么。

2、简述艺术家和社会生活的关系。

3、如何理解表情艺术的审美特征。

三、鉴赏题请结合艺术的审美及社会功用特征，谈谈《义勇结婚进行曲》或《国际歌》的艺术风格、使用场合及社会功用，并做出评析。

（要求：观点明确、条理清楚、语言流畅，并写出自己的独特感受）四、分析题电影《白鹿原》（王全安执导）是根据陈忠实的同名小说改编而成，剧情以陕西关中被誉为“仁义村”之称的白鹿村为背景。

该村主要居住着“白”姓和“鹿”姓两大家族，两个家族长期生活在一个封闭的村庄，天长日久祖孙三代积累了许许多多恩怨纷争和家族斗争与纠葛。

影片主要以西北农村农民的朴实形象、传统思想与生活展开描述。

影片播出后，许多在西北农村生活或短期居住的人非常喜欢，堪称勾起了关中的历史、民俗和传统文化记忆，但也有较多年轻人，尤其那些对西北农村不熟悉的城市年轻人觉得影片太“土”、太“封建”。

对此问题，你是怎么看待艺术欣赏存在的层级关系，主要从欣赏者的生活经验、文化程度、个性气质、审美能力、艺术修养等方面存在的个体差异展开分析。

五、综合题阅读下面两篇影评，理解作者的核心观点，并请结合具体艺术作品，谈谈您对其中一篇文章所涉论题的认识。

要求：题目自拟，不少于1500字。

说明：可以结合《摔跤吧爸爸》或《战狼2》，亦可以结合与下两文所议类似情况的作品。

摔跤吧爸爸——影评（节选）阿米尔.汗确实是个优秀的演员，他为了演爸爸的一生，从肌肉男吃成胖大叔，然后又减回去，折腾劲儿可真不小。

每个优秀的作品后面都一定会有一个优秀的创作者的倾心付出。

例如我喜欢的另一位男神，诺兰。

影片中的女儿没有女队比赛，就找男队打。

爸爸为给女儿买个正规摔跤垫申请经费，却被体育局的官僚给阻挡……爸爸就自己用棉被给她们做。

沙坑里成长的摔跤手，棉被上摔打的摔跤手，好比对着画格子的钢琴键养成的大师一样，更加精彩。

2015江苏南京航空航天大学翻译硕士法语考研真题I: Structure grammaticale et vocabulaire (20%)01. Combien d’heures travaillez-vous _________ jour?A. chaqueB. toutC. unD. par02. Les cousines de Pascal __________ les mains avant de se mettre à table.A. se sont lavéB. se sont lavésC. se sont lavéesD. sont lavés03. Regarde ces deux dictionnaires! ____________ choisiras-tu?A. lequelB. laquelleC. quelD. quelle04. Comme la vieille dame a une mauvaise vue, elle savait que ces précautions n’étaient pas________.A. nécessariesB. importantesC. inutilesD. utiles.05. Il ne se passe pas une journée ________ il n’y ait d’accident de la route.A. sans qu’B. à moins qu’C. ou qu’D. tant qu’06. Personne ne veut rester enfermé chez _________ par un temps si beau.A. luiB. elleC. soiD. moi07. Cette jeune femme de vingt ans _________ le français depuis dix ans.A. apprendB. enseigneC. prendD. lit08. Pascal ne m’a pas reconnue, il m’a _________ pour ma cousine.A. priseB. crueC. appriseD. pris09. Si vous lui dites cela, vous _________ de le mettre en colère.A. aurez une chanceB. souffrezC. risquezD. aurez de la possibilite10. Oh là là! Que de monde dans la rue! Je me demande _______ se passe.A. qu’est-ce queB. ce quiC. ce queD. qu’est-ce qui11. Il m’a dit que sa femme ________ le joindre à Paris trois jours plus tard.A. venaitB. sera venueC. viendraD. viendrait12. De toutes les filles, c’est Isabelle qui chante __________.A. bienB. mieuxC. le mieuxD. la mieux13. Les filles étaient ________ d’être invitées à la soirée.A. toutesB. tousC. toutD. toute14. Personne ne songeait à _________ les bonnes manières.A. le faire apprendreB. lui étudierC. lui fait apprendreD. lui faire apprendre15. Vous avez du pain? Donnez- ________ un peu! J’ai vraiment faim.A. m’enB. moi-enC. moi-leD. le-moi16. Quelquefois le remède est ________ que le mal.A. pireB. meilleurC. moins bonD. aussi bon17. L’entrée de la Chine dans l’Organisation Mondiale du Commerce est aussi dans ________ desEtats-Unis.A. l’intérêtB. le projetC. le profitD. l’objectif18. L’accident est souvent ________ la distraction du conducteur.A. due àB. la cause deC. arrivéàD. dû à19. Venez vous asseoir ici, j’ai _______ drôle à vous raconteur.A. quelqu’unB. quelque choseC. quelqu’un deD. quelque chose de20. J’ai perdu mon chien et j’ai cherché partout, mais je ne l’ai vu ________ part.A. aucuneB. nulleC. touteD. autreéhension écrite. (10%)Texte 1La fuite des bêtesOurs, renards, loups, oiseaux quittent en grand nombre notre pays. Les animaux sauvages,chassés par la guerre, mais aussi par la faim, se rendent vers les zones plus paisibles du nord del’Europe. On les retrouve déjà en Suisse, en Italie et en Allemagne. Certains ont même atteint lespays plus au nord, or ces animaux ne sont pas toujours bien accueillis. Ainsi les renards, quiavaient presque tous disparu – au point qu’on les avait artificiellement réintroduits, notammentdans les Vosges – sont très mal vus dans les régions d’élevage. Récemment, les spécialists s’ensont inquiétés, lors d’une conférence en Allemagne sur l’étude des animaux, àBerlin. D’une part, ils craignent une multiplication des accidents mortels s’il y avait rencontre imprévue entrebête et homme. D’autre part, on a peur que ces animaux habitués aux vastes espaces ne modifientl’équilibre naturel des forêts europ éennes. Mais surtout ils craignent que les petits quiaccompagnent souvent les grands animaux se perdent à travers les prairies et les bois. HarmutGassow, directeur d’un institut suisse, a même réclamé la construction des parcs spéciaux pourque les animaux s’y réfugient. Les animaux seraient-ils mieux traités que les hommes?21. Pourquoi les animaux partent-ils de notre pays?A. Parce qu’il y a trop de chasseurs dans notre pays.B. Parce que notre pays est en guerre, personne ne leur donne à manger.C. Parce qu’il y a une guerre entre les animaux.D. A cause de la guerre, les animaux ne peuvent pas manger à leur faim.22. Les animaux qui partent de notre pays sont-ils bien accuillis à l’étranger?A. Oui, ils sont bien accueillis à l’étranger.B. Oui, ils sont bien accueillis en Suisse et en Allemagne.C. Non, ils ne sont pas toujours bien accueillis.D. Non, ils risquent d’être tués à l’étranger.23. Qu’est-ce qui est mal vu dans les régions d’élevage?A. Le renard est mal vu dans les régions d’élevage.B. Réintroduire artificiellement les renards est mal vu dans ces régions.C. Les animaux de notre pays sont mal vus dans les Vosges.D. Le déplacement des animaux est mal vu en Suisse et en Allemagne.24. De quoi les spécialistes de la chasse s’inquiètent-ils le plus?A. Ils sont inquiets surtout de la guerre de notre pays.B. Ils craignent surtout que ce déplacement ne modifie l’équilibre naturel des for êts européennes.C. Ils sont inquiets surtout d’une rencontre imprévue entre bête et homme.D. Ils craignent surtout que les jeunes animaux ne se perdent à travers les prairies.25. Qu’est-ce que M.Harmut Gassow a proposé pour protéger les animaux menacés?A. Maintenir l’équilibre naturel des forêts.B. Fixer les espaces spéciaux pour les animaux.C. Arrêter la guerre.D. Créer une “force de réaction rapide”.Texte 2La compréhension d’un texteUn individu ayant à lire un texte dans une langue qu’il connaît mal aura la réactionsuivante : « Je ne peux pas lire ce texte, je ne comprends pas certains mots.» Et en effet,l’obstacle à la compréhension est en partie dû à une faible connaissance du vocabulaire. Est-ce àdire qu’avec un dictionnaire on parviendrait à comprendre le texte en cherchant la traduction de laplupart des mots ? Certes, il y aura un résultat après de gros efforts, cependant il faut se souvenirque la compréhension d’une langue n’est pas seulement liée à la traduction d’une suite de motsmais à la perception des relations qui existent entre ces termes.Devant un mot inconnu, le lecteur dispose de plusieurs moyens pour comprendre : --- Le mot est compris selon le texte. Le lecteur utilise le sens de la phrase pour deviner lemot inconnu.--- Le mot est découpé en unité plus petite. Le lecteu r reconnaît dans le mot quelque chosequ’il a déjàlu. Il voit « courage » dans le découragement et comprend grâce àsa connaissance dela valeur de « dé- ».--- Le mot est reconnu grâce à la présence d’un élément : photo, dessin et image. --- Le mot est compris à l’aide de la connaissance du vocabulaire ou d’un dictionnaire.Il faut encourager le lecteur à compter sur le texte pour lui donner le sens d’un mot.26. Ce document est destiné ________A. seulement aux étudiants.B. seulement aux professeurs.C. à tous ceux qui veulent lire en langue étrangère.D. à tous ceux qui lisent à l’aide d’un dictionnaire.27. L’auteur du document ________A. encourage les lecteurs à lire davantage.B. encourage les lecteurs à lire correctement.C. montre comment comprendre facilement un texte.D. montre comment mieux utiliser un dictionnaire.28. Après avoir lu le texte, comment peut-on comprendre le mot « découvrir » ?A. Je vais utiliser mon dictionnaire.B. Je vais demander àun ami français.C. Je le comprends grâce à une image, une photo, ou un dessin.D. Je le comprends grâce à la connaissance du vocabulaire.29. Comment peut-on comprendre mieux un texte en langue étrangère selon l’auteur ?A. Il faut traduire le texte mot à mot et deviner le sens des mots nouveaux.B. Il faut comprendre les sens et leurs relations.C. Il faut compter sur les mots pour leur donner le sens.D. Il faut utiliser le sens du texte pour deviner le mot inconnu.30. Quel est le meilleur titre du texte ?A. Comment peut-on comprendre mieux un texte ?B. Comment peut-on mieux utiliser un dictionnaire ?C. Comment peut-on élever le niveau d’une langue étrangère ?D. Comment peut-on mieux traduire un texte ?。