学案6：Grammar
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【语法点拨】
[语法精析]
情态动词的用法（I）
1. may/might
1）表示许可或请求对方许可，常译成“可以”。请求对方许可时，might比may语气更委婉一些。例如：
What award did you get for the sports competition? May I have a look?
这次运动会你获了什么奖？我可以看看吗？
You may watch TV now.
现在，你可以看电视。
Might I join in the discussion?
我可以参加这个讨论吗？
2）表示推测，常译成“可能”。might比may语气更不肯定。例如：
Our football team didn’t play very well today, but we might do better tomorrow.
我们的足球队今天表现不佳，但是明天可能会有出色表现。
He might be doing his lessons now.
他也许正在做功课。
He may/might have known the news.
他可能知道这个消息了。
2. can/could
①表示能力，常译成“能，会”。例如：
Jim is not very good at maths or science, but he can speak English well.
吉姆不擅长数学和科学，但他英语讲得不错。
Our history test was so long last week that no one could finish it.
上周的历史考试题量太大，以至于没人能完成。
She could play the piano when she was three years old.
她三岁就会弹琴。
②表示允许或请求。例如：
It was the last day of school, but the teacher said that we could not leave early.
快要放学了，但是老师不让我们早退。
Could you please show me the way to the Beihai Park?
您能告诉我去北海公园怎么走吗？
You can say that again.你说得太对了。
---Could I use your computer?
--- Yes, you can.
--我能用一下你的计算机吗？--可以。
③表推测。例如：
The hunters have been lost for days. They could starve.
猎人们迷路好几天了。他们可能会饿死。
This cannot be done by him.
这不可能是他干的。
What can he mean? 他是什么意思？
3. will/would
①表示意志、决心和愿望。例如：
During the Spring Festival time the whole family will come for dinner.
春节期间全家人聚在一起吃饭。
I will never do that again.
我永远不再干那样的事了。
They asked us if we would do that again.
他们问我们是否还愿意干。
②表示习惯性动作。例如：
Fish will die out of water.
鱼儿离不开水。
She would sit like that for hours.
她常常会那样一坐就是几个小时。
③表示请求。例如：
Are you free this Saturday? Would you like to join my family for dinner?
周六你有空吗？能来我们家一起吃饭吗？
Will you please pass me the salt?
请把盐递给我好吗？
4. shall/should
① shall用于陈述句第二、三人称, 表示说话者的意图、警告、命令、决心、威胁等, 主语的行动受讲话者支配，译为“必须, 应, 可”。例如：
You shall have an answer by tomorrow.
到明天你可以得到答复。
He shall have a bicycle for his birthday.
他可以得到一辆自行车作为生日礼物。
She shall not enter my house again.
她不得再进我家。
②shall用于第一、三人称的疑问句中, 征询对方对于主语行动的意见(提供帮助, 提出建议、要求给予指示和征求意见), 译为“好吗? 要不要...?” 例如：
Shall I carry your bag?
我帮你拿手提包, 好吗?
Shall he come to see you?
要不要他来看你?
③should 表示语气较强的假设，译为“万一，竟然”。例如： If the car should break down
on the way, you would have to walk back. 万一汽车中途抛锚,你就得走回来。
④should表示可能性、推测、推论或期待，译为“可能，该”。例如：
She should be here any minute. 她该马上就到。
Dinner should be ready by now. 此刻晚饭应该做好了。
⑤表示义务、责任，译为“应该，应当”。
You should do as she says. 你应当照她说的去做。
He should work harder. 他应该更加努力工作。
5.must/can
①must可表推测，意为“一定，肯定”，只用于肯定句中。
例如：
Wang Fei has won the English competition three times. He must be very smart.
王峰三次获得英语竞赛奖。他一定很聪明。
He must be an American.
他肯定是个美国人。
②can表推测，一般用于疑问句和否定句中。例如：
A man landed on Mars? You must be joking. That can’t be true.
有人登上了火星？你一定是在开玩笑吧，那不可能是真的。
I saw him just now. He cannot have gone to Beijing.
刚才我还见过他，他不可能去北京了。
