学案1：Grammar
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Unit 3 Fascinating Parks
Grammar
动词-ing形式作主语
一、关于动词-ing形式的基本情况
1．动词-ing形式是动词的一种非谓语形式，包括现在分词和动名词两种。
动词-ing形式在句中的语法作用：动名词在句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语，现在分词在句中作状语、宾语补足语和定语。
2．动词-ing形式的时态和语态。
【观察例句】
Reading aloud is a good way to learn a language.
大声朗读是学习语言的一种好方法。
Having studied his lessons very hard, he passed the exam.
努力学习了功课, 他通过了考试。
The building being built now will be finished next month.
正在建设的建筑物下个月将完工。
Having been laughed at for his lameness, the boy became shy and inhibited.
那男孩因跛脚被人讥笑, 变得羞怯。
【归纳用法】
语态
时态 主动语态 被动语态
一般式 doing being done
完成式 having done having been done
二、动词-ing形式作主语
1．动词-ing形式作主语
【观察例句】
Saying is one thing, and doing is another.
说是一回事，而做是另一回事。
Having a walk every day helps to make one keep healthy.
每天散步有助于一个人保持健康。 【归纳用法】
动词-ing形式作主语，往往表示经常性、习惯性的动作，通常置于句首。
[名师点津]
动名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
Climbing mountains is really difficult for the old.
对于老人来说爬山确实困难。
2．形式主语it代替动词-ing形式作主语。
【观察例句】
It is a waste of time persuading such a person to join us.
劝说这种人加入我们是浪费时间。
It is no good/use regretting for the past.
悔恨过去是没用的。
It's useless arguing with them.
跟他们争论是徒劳无益的。
【归纳用法】
此类句式常见的有：
It's a waste of time doing sth.做某事是浪费时间
It's useless/worthwhile doing sth.做某事没用/是值得的
It's no good/use/fun doing sth.做某事没好处/没用/没意思
3．动词-ing形式和to do作主语时的区别。
【观察例句】
Playing with fire is dangerous.
玩火危险。(泛指)
Singing is my hobby, and to sing at my friend's birthday party is my dream.
唱歌是我的爱好，在朋友的生日宴会上唱歌是我的梦想。
【归纳用法】
动词-ing形式和to do都可以作主语。动词-ing形式作主语表示比较抽象的一般行为，to
do作主语往往表示具体的或一次性的动作。
[即学即练1]——单句语法填空
① I can't stand _______(work) with Jane in the same office. ② It's no use ___________ (complain) without taking action.
③(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)____________ (volunteer) just feels so good.
④_____________ (invite) to the party was a great honour to the family.
三、动词-ing的复合结构作主语
【观察例句】
His/Tom's being late made the teacher very angry.
他的/汤姆的迟到使老师很生气。
Jerry's not arriving on time made the people present angry.
杰里未能按时到达令在场的人很生气。
【归纳用法】
(1)作主语的动词-ing的复合结构的肯定形式为：形容词性物主代词/名词的所有格＋doing...。
(2)作主语的动词-ing的复合结构的否定形式为：形容词性物主代词/名词的所有格＋not
doing...。
[即学即练2]——完成句子
①他没准时到火车站使得我们大家都很担心。
______________________________ on time made all of us worried.
②你学好英语对学习法语有帮助。
__________________________ will help to learn French.
课后练习
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．_______ (talk) with your kid heart to heart is very important.
2．It is no use __________ (regret) your past mistakes.
3．_______(read) is an art.
4．Climbing mountains __(be) really fun.
5．It is no good ______(cry) over spilt milk.
6．Their ______(come) to help was a great encouragement to us.
7．His not _______(know) English brought him a lot of inconvenience.
8．_______(read) in bed is bad for your eyes.
Ⅱ.完成句子 1．对于初学者来说，学习驾驶通常是一次紧张的经历。
_________________ is usually a nervous experience for beginners.
2．总之，和你的同学处理好关系被认为是一件重要的事情。
In a word, _______________________________________ is considered an important thing.
3．在这种工作条件下工作不是一件愉快的事而是一件痛苦的事。
___________________________ is not a pleasure but a suffer.
4．躺着晒太阳是很舒服的。
It is pleasant ________________．
5．和孩子们一起玩真好。
It is fun _____________________． 【参考答案】
[即学即练1] ① working ② complaining ③ Volunteering ④Being invited
[即学即练2] ① His not getting to the station ② Your learning English well
课后练习
Ⅰ. 1．Talking 2．regretting 3．Reading 4．is 5．crying 6．coming 7．knowing 8．Reading
Ⅱ.1．Learning to drive 2．getting along well with your classmates 3．Working in these
conditions 4．lying in the sun 5．playing with children
