综合教程1 Unit 3 Whatever Happened to Manners？

Key to Exercises (Unit 3)Text comprehension:I. AII.F, T, T, T, FIII. 1. Refer to Para 1 for the four examples.2. Refer to Para 4. It could not only set an example for your children and grandchildrenbut it adds priceless panache to your image.3. Refer to Para 5. The fact that the guest had included a recipe for a dish the author hadcomplimented her on at an earlier gathering made the author feel all the more appreciative.4. Refer to Para 7. It is the simple phrase "Excuse me".5. Refer to Para 9. It is because to use good manners with our own families counts themost, for those are the people we love the most.6. As good manners are infectious, she wishes that everyone would catch them so thatthey would spread..IV. 1. a gracious manner adds great splendor to your image.2. I dare say the note my guest sent me didn't take long to write.3. The simple phrase "excuse me" made most of your irritation disappear.4. Being punctual has always been considered a virtue, both in the past and at present; ithas not become outdated.VocabularyI. 1. become different from what it should be like2. displaying gratitude by waving a hand or nodding the head; move out onto the mainroad3. be of great significance4. who receives the thank-you note remark5. produce a far-reaching effect6. practice good mannersII. Punctuality, routine, infectious, bet, terrific, board, valued, count, cherishes, irritations III. D, A, B, B, C, A, D, AIV. 1 praised, compliment, praise, complimented2. appreciated, enjoyed, enjoying, appreciated3. priceless, priceless, precious, precious4. see, Notice, see, noticedV. 1. thanks (recognition)2. activeness (liveliness, briskness, eagerness)3. fashionable ( graceful, elegant)4. selfish (mean, ungenerous)5. nice (courteous, polite, friendly)6. leisurely (relaxed, idle, unoccupied, lazy)7. annoyance (displeasure, dissatisfaction)8.promptness ( timekeeping, reliability)VI. unfriendly, boyhood, understanding, reception, disappearance, decision,differing, elevatedGrammarII. 1. older than2.more interested3. as crowded as4. As pale as5. More exciting than6. As complicated7.easier than8.nicer9. more selective10.nicer11.as unlucky as12. more difficultIII. 1. stronger2. more noisy3. more expensive4. more difficult5. happier6. younger7. more often8. further9. more exciting10. louderIV. 1. more comfortable2. the funniest3. the worst4. more serious5. the most popular6. quieter7. the most beautiful8. healthier9. the least honorable10. less challenging; least challengingV. 1. Older 2. Oldest 3. True 4. True 5. Further 6. A more 7. Better 8.true VI. e.g. But even worse was the fact that the headmaster had found out the boys' secret plan.Translation exercisesI.1. 譬如，我在纽约就看到这样的差别，与我20多年前刚搬来时大不相同了：人们蜂拥走进电梯，却没有让电梯里的人先出来；别人为他们开门时，从来不说“谢谢”；需要同事给他们递东西时，从来不说“请”；当其他开车人为他们让道时，也从不挥手或点头表示谢意。

Unit-three-完整答案--新目标大学英语《综合教程》-第一册Listening and Speaking1.2. For reference● He was a German-born Jewish theoretical physicist.● He proposed the Theory of Relativity and also made majorcontributions to the development of quantum mechanics.● He was awarded the 1921 Nobel Prize for Physics.● He loved music.● He became a US citizen in 1940.● He was offered, but turned down, the Presidency of the State ofIsrael.Text AReading Comprehension1.1) b2) c3) a4) e5) f ?6) d7) j ?8) g ?9) h10) i2.4) Einstein shone in a deeply felt performance of an adagio from oneof the Beethoven sonatas before his 17th birthday.5) In addition to his prowess on the violin, he also played the pianoand, in particular, loved to improvise.C. Einstein’s gift brought out by music:1) Albert Einstein believed that he got most joy in life out ofmusic.2) Albert Einstein himself admitted that the reason he was so smartwas because he played the violin.3) One friend, G. J. Withrow, confided that the way Einstein dealtwith problems and equations was by improvising on theviolin.4) Einstein’s second wife, Elsa said that music helped him when hewas thinking about his theories.5) His son Hans said that Albert Einstein took refuge in music,which would usually resolve all his difficulties.Reading and Discussing3.For reference1) Albert Einstein himself admitted that the reason he was so smartwas because he played the violin. One friend, G. J. Withrow, confided that the way Einstein dealt with problems and equations was byimprovising on the violin. His second wife, Elsa, said music helped him when he was thinking about his theories. His son Hans AlbertEinstein too recalled his father using music as a tool to help his work.2) Music is important to most people, including me. Music can help meconcentrate on my homework. Music is a way of life. It can beinterpreted in many ways and life without it would be like life without color. It gives me a chance to express myself in ways that nothing else can.Language in Use4.1) popularity2) gorgeous3) distinctive4) rival5) is/was revealed ?6) professionals7) was resolved8) genius9) icon10) was adored5.1) gives a glimpse of2) based on3) deal with4) pass as/for5) had jotted down6) take refuge7) came to mind8) fall in love6.e) bring forwardf) bring backg) bring uph) bring in1) bring about2) brought back/brings back3) bring up4) bring forth5) bring out6) bring … down7) bring in8) bring forward7.1) hardship ?2) popularized ?3) Creative ?4) consumption5) significant ?6) admirable7) simplify ?8) musical9) performance10) professional 8.Reference translation1) 描述天才时，爱因斯坦是你能找到的最合适的例子，就连小孩都熟悉他。

Unit 3 Whatever Happened to Manners?Pre-reading ActivitiesI. Pre-reading Questions1.When do you think a “thank you” is necessary?2.What do you think a good manner really is?3.In many people’s opinions, good manners is fundamental to good social relations. Do youthink it is always so? Please give some examples to support your viewpoints.II.Cultural information1. QuoteJohann Wolfgang von Goethe:A man's manners are a mirror in which he shows his portrait.2. MannersGood manners are very important in the communication of daily life. Everyone likes a person with good manners. But what are good manners? How does one know what should do and what should not do when trying to be a good-mannered person?Here are some common examples. A person with good manners never laughs at a people in trouble. Instead, he (she) always tries to consult or offer help to the person. When he (she) takes a bus and sees an old man or a sick man, he (she) always gives his (her) seat to him. He doesn't interrupt other people when they are talking.Ideas of what are good manners vary in different regions. For example, people in Western countries usually kiss each other to show their greetings, whereas in China, kissing in public is something unusual and sometimes be regarded as impolite to somebody else. So it is important to know the polite and impolite behaviour before you go to a region. But it is always right to be kind and helpful to others.Global ReadingI. Text analysisWhat is this essay concerned with?This essay is concerned with the necessity and significance of good manners.II. Structural analysis1. How is the essay organized?Detailed ReadingText IParagraph 1Questions:1. Which sentences in the first paragraph imply that in a general sense, people now are less gentle, less friendly or less polite than people in the past?2. What examples does the writer give to show that many people in New York City are notfriendly or polite with one another?Paragraphs 2-4Questions:1. According to the writer, how do good manners build up your image? (Paragraph 4)2. How do you understand the sentence “we can’t be truly stylish without good manners”? (Paragraph 2)Paragraphs 5-10Questions:1. What good manners does the writer suggest that we should display?2. Do you agree with the writer that good manners with our families count the most? Justify your reply. (Paragraph 9)Paragraph 11Questions:1. Do you believe that good manners are infectious? Exemplify your answer.2. Is it possible for everyone to show good manners?Further EnhancementText IILead-in questions1. Share one of your stories about your most respected teacher with the class and tell the reasons for your admiration for him/her.2. In addition to transmitting knowledge, what do your think are the teacher’s other responsibilities?Notes1. sound-bites (Paragraph 1): short sentences or phrases that are easy to remember, often included in a speech made by a politician and repeated in newspapers and on television and radio2. for me to push from my consciousness thoughts about the danger (Paragraph 1): for me to stop thinking about the danger3. adolescents (Paragraph 2): A very young child is a baby or more formally an infant. A child who has just learned to walk is a toddler. People aged 13 to 19 are teenagers and a younger teenager may also be called an adolescent. An adult is a fully-grown person over an age stated by law, usually 18 or 21.4. profanity (Paragraph 2): "Profanity" shows a lack of respect for a god or a religion, especially through language. Here it refers to offensive language used by some students.5. peers (Paragraph 2): persons of the same age, class, position, etc., as oneselfe.g.The opinions of his peers are more important to him than his parentsPeer pressure is a great influence on the way people behave.6. ethical bystanders (Paragraph 3): people who watch sth. that is happening, but do not want to say whether they think it is right or wrong in human behaviour7. the innate worth of every human being (Paragraph 3): the value that every human being is born with8. … I should be busy with more important things rather than finding fault with … (Paragraph 4): Note the use of the -ing form after rather than, which joins two -ing forms.e.g. He likes starting early rather than staying late.However, when two infinitive structures are joined by rather than, the second infinitive is usually without "to".e.g.Rather than wait any more, I decided to go home by taxi.9. prerogatives (Paragraph 5): rights or privileges exclusive to an individual or classe.g. Our company exercises our prerogative to employ people according to their ability, but notaccording to the number of certificates they have.10. notwithstanding (Paragraph 5): in spite of the fact or thing mentioned. It is a preposition usedeither before or after its object. It is usually used in formal language.e.g.They are determined to go ahead with the plan, widespread public oppositionnotwithstanding.The plane landed on time, notwithstanding the terrible weather conditions.Questions for discussion1. What worries does the author express at the beginning of the article?2. What evidence does the author provide to prove that basic human values are declining?3. Do parents and school educators agree with each other concerning the responsibility for the moral education of the children? If not, how do they disagree?4. Apart from lack of responsibility, do you think that the author is also criticizing some parents’attitude towards the teacher? Cite an example to prove this.5. What values does the author think should be taught to students?6. What is the author’s conception of a successful educator?7. Wh at are your ideas of an educator’s moral responsibility?Key to Questions for discussion1. He worries about the negative effects of violent crime, the ravages of inhumanity, cruelty and intolerance, etc. on our children.2. Parents and teachers must contend often with disturbing levels of adolescent aggression, profanity, and disrespect.3. Some parents think they are solely responsible for the moral education of their own children, and they do not want any outside interference. But educators, with the author as a representative, think teachers and school administrators should never become ethical bystanders.4. Yes. For instance, a student’s parent told the author that the words his/her child had used did not hurt anybody and that the author was too fuss y about the child’s vocabulary.5. The author thinks that students should be taught common values of courtesy, mutual respect, persistence, responsibility, and self-reliance.6. An educator can be considered successful only when his students graduated not only as successful learners but also as well-behaved citizens.7. (This is an open question.)Memorable QuotesCompare the following quotes with the ones given by the textbook and analyze what do they have in common."A man's own manner and character is what most becomes him." – Marcus T. Ciccro "Consideration for others is the basic of a good life, a good society." – ConfuciusGuidance: Good manners show respect, care, and consideration. If you practice good manners, you are showing those around you that you are considerate of their feelings. You are also setting standards for others' behavior and encouraging them to treat you with similar respect.1.Manners must adorn knowledge and smooth its way through the world.— Philip Dormer StanhopeParaphrase: Knowledge can not do without manners and can spread through the world in a easier way with the help of manners.smooth one’s way: to make it easier for sb./sth. to develop or make progresse.g. Some parents believe that a diploma from the prestige university would smooth the way to better job and higher salary.2. Civility costs nothing and buys everything. — Mary Wortley MontaguParaphrase: Having good manners to others cost you nothing but can help you get everything. civility: (fml) polite behavior, courtesye.g. Family education plays a pivotal role in fostering civility.。

综合教程第一册课文Unit 1 Never Say Goodbye永远不要说“再见”Pre-reading questions1. Have your family ever moved from one place to another? If you have, how did you feel when you were going to be away from the old house for good?2. Have you ever attended a funeral of someone you knew very well? If you have, what were you thinking when you saw him for the last time?When I was ten I was suddenly confronted with the anguish of moving from the only home I had ever known. My whole life, brief as it was, had been spent in that big old house, gracefully touched with the laughter and tears of four generations.十岁时，我突然面临着搬家的痛苦，要搬离我自小认识的、唯一的家。

到那个时候为止，我简短的人生都是在那个古老的大房子里度过的。

在那里，我们四世同堂，有过欢声笑语，也有过悲伤的印记。

When the final day came, I ran to the haven of the small back porch and sat alone, shuddering, as tears welled up from my heart. Suddenly I felt a hand rest on my shou lder. I looked up to see my grandfather. "It isn’t easy, is it, Billy?" he said softly, sitting down on the steps beside me.那天终于到来的时侯，我跑到屋子后面的小门廊下——这里是我的避难所——独自一人坐在那里颤抖着，泪水从内心深处涌出。

Unit 3 Whatever Happened to Manners?Key to the ExercisesText comprehensionI. Decide which of the following best states the author’s purpose of writing.AII. Judge, according to the text, whether the following statements are true or false.1. F2. T3. T4. T5. FIV. Explain in your own words the following sentences.1. A gracious manner adds great splendour to your image.2.I dare say the note my guest sent me didn't take long to write.3.The simple phrase "Excuse me" made most of your irritation disappear.4.Being punctual has always been considered a virtue, both in the past and at present; it has notbecome outdated.5.You shouldn't accept the other person's presence without thinking of how much it means toyou.6.Good manners can be communicated from one person to another.VocabularyI. Explain the underlined part in each sentence in your own words.1.become different from what it should be like2.displaying gratitude by waving a hand or nodding the head; move out onto the main road3.be of great significance4.who receives the thank-you remark5.produce a far-reaching effect6.practice good mannersII. Fill in the blank in each sentence with a word or phrase taken from the box in its appropriate form.1.Punctuality2.routine3.infectious4.bet5.terrific6.board7.valued8.count9.cherishes10.irritationsIII. Choose a word or phrase that best completes each of the following sentences.1-4 D A B B 5-8 C A D AIV. Fill in each blank with one of the two words from each pair in its appropriate form and note the difference in meaning between them.1. a. praised b. compliment c. praise d. complimented2. a. appreciated b. enjoyed c. enjoying d. appreciate3. a. priceless b. priceless c. precious d. precious4. a. see b. Notice c. see d. noticedV. Give a synonym or an antonym of the word underlined in each sentence in the sense it is used.1.thanks (recognition)2.activeness (liveliness, briskness, eagerness)3.fashionable (graceful, elegant)4.selfish (mean, ungenerous)5.nice (courteous, polite, friendly)6.leisurely (relaxed, idle, unoccupied, lazy)7.annoyance (vexation, displeasure, dissatisfaction)8.promptness (timekeeping, reliability)VI. Fill in the blank in each sentence with an appropriate form of the given capitalized word in brackets.1.unfriendly2.boyhood3.understanding4.reception5.disappearance6.decision7.differing8.elevatedGrammarII. Complete the sentences using the "as…as" construction or the comparatives of the adjectives given.1.older than2.more interested3.as crowded as4.as pale as5.more exciting than6.as complicated7.easier than8.as expensive as9.more selective10.nicer11.as unlucky as12.more difficultIII. Complete the sentences using a comparative form.1.stronger2.more noisy3.more expensive4.more difficult5.happier6.younger7.more often8.further9.more exciting10.louderIV. Use superlatives or comparatives of the adjectives given to complete the sentences.1.more comfortable2.the funniest3.the worst4.more serious5.the most popular6.quieter7.the most beautiful8.healthier9.the least honorable10.less…challenging…least challengingV. Correct the errors, where found, in the following sentences.1.older2.oldest3.√4.√5.further6. a more7.better8.√TranslationI. Translate the following sentences into Chinese.1. 譬如，我在纽约就看到这样的差别, 与我20多年前刚搬来时大不相同了：人们蜂拥走进电梯，却没有让电梯里面的人先出来；别人为他们开门时，从来不说“谢谢”；需要同事给他们递东西时，从来不说“请”；当其他开车人为他们让道时，也从不挥手或点头表示谢意。

Unit 3 Whatever Happened to Manners？Do you remember a time when people were a little nicer，a little softer, a little gentler with each other? I certainly do，and I feel that much of the world has somehow gotten away from that。

I see such a difference in New York City，for example，from when I first moved here more than20 years ago: people rushing into elevators without giving those inside a chance to get off first, never saying ”Thank you。

” when others hold a door open for them, or "Please.” when th ey want a coworker to hand them something, never giving a wave or nod of appreciation when another motorist lets them pull out into traffic.We get lazy，and in our laziness we think that something like a simple ”Thank you.” doesn't really matter. But it can matter very much. The fact is that no matter how nicely we dress, how beautifully we decorate our homes，or how lovely our dinner parties are, we can’t be truly stylish without good manners。

Unit 3 Whatever Happened to Manners?Do you remember a time when people were a little nicer, a little softer, a little gentler with each other? I certainly do, and I feel that much of the world has somehow gotten away from that. I see such a difference in New York City, for example, from when I first moved here more than 20 years ago: people rushing into elevators without giving those inside a chance to get off first, never saying "Thank you." when others hold a door open for them, or "Please." when they want a coworker to hand them something, never giving a wave or nod of appreciation when another motorist lets them pull out into traffic.We get lazy, and in our laziness we think that something like a simple "Thank you." doesn't really matter. But it can matter very much. The fact is that no matter how nicely we dress, how beautifully we decorate our homes, or how lovely our dinner parties are, we can't be truly stylish without good manners.In fact, I think of good manners as a sort of hidden beauty secret. Haven't you noticed that the kindest, most generous people seem to keep getting prettier? They become Cary Grant or Lauren Bacall right before our eyes. It's funny how that happens, but it does.Take the long-lost art of saying "Thank you." Like wearing a little lipstick or making sure your hair is neat, getting into the habit of saying "Thank you." can make you feel better about yourself, and then you look better to everyone around you. A gracious manner not only sets an excellent example for your children and grandchildren but it adds priceless panache to your image.Positive ThankingOf course, saying "Thank you." does wonders for the person on the receiving end too. I recently got a thank-you note from a guest who attended a 40th birthday party that Frank and I hosted for Frank's daughter-in-law. The note was lovely enough, but even lovelier was the fact that the guest had also included a recipe for a dish I'd complimented her on at an earlier gathering. It was a sweet gesture that made me feel terrific and put me in a great mood. What a gift!Many of us know we should write thank-you notes, but we think we don't have the time or energy. Now, I know we all have busy lives, but I bet the note my guest sent me didn't take long to write. If you feel like a feel because you've put off sending a card, write a note that says, " I should have done this two weeks ago, but I didn't want to let another day go by without telling you how much I enjoyed your party." It's much better than not writing at all.Magic WordsJust as powerful as a thank-you note is the simple phrase "Excuse me." Don't you just hate it when someone knocks an enormous carry-on bag into your head when he's barreling down the aisle to board an airplane—and then doesn't bother to say he's sorry? But when someone does stop and turn around and genuinely apologizes, doesn't it melt away most—if not all—of the irritation you felt?Same for holding the door open for others when you see their hands are full. I'll even do this for a hotel bellman carrying my luggage. Just because his job is to carry my bags doesn't mean he doesn't appreciate a little gesture that makes his life a wee bit easier. And punctuality is not a thingof the past, either. Being on time for lunch dates, for example, shows the person we're meeting that we value his or her precious time as much as we do our own.Bringing Manners HomeAnd for heaven's sake, we shouldn't forget to use good manners with our own families. That's where it counts the most because those are the people we love the most. How lovely it would be to put a card on your spouse's pillow at night to say "Thank you." for some dear thing he or she did for you or even just to say "I love you."Similarly, bringing home the most insignificant little presents for people you cherish will go a long way. It shows they're in your thoughts and you want to make them happy. If you're a husband, how long has it been since you walked in the door with a rose for your wife? Or maybe her favorite candy—even if it's just a Snickers bar? You'd sure get my attention if you brought me a Snickers! I firmly believe spouses should be gracious about the routine things they expect each other to do. Show that you don't take the other person for granted. He or she is much more likely to treat you the same way.Good manners are infectious. Now, if we could just get everyone to catch them!礼貌怎么了？你是否还记得有一个时期人们相互更友好、更温柔、更绅士呢？我确实记得，并且我感觉现在这个世界不知怎么在远离那个时代。

Unit 3 Whatever Happened to Manners?Do you remember a time when people were a little nicer, a little softer, a little gentler with each other? I certainly do, and I feel that much of the world has somehow gotten away from that. I see such a difference in New York City, for example, from when I first moved here more than 20 years ago: people rushing into elevators without giving those inside a chance to get off first, never saying "Thank you." when others hold a door open for them, or "Please." when they want a coworker to hand them something, never giving a wave or nod of appreciation when another motorist lets them pull out into traffic.We get lazy, and in our laziness we think that something like a simple "Thank you." doesn't really matter. But it can matter very much. The fact is that no matter how nicely we dress, how beautifully we decorate our homes, or how lovely our dinner parties are, we can't be truly stylish without good manners.In fact, I think of good manners as a sort of hidden beauty secret. Haven't you noticed that the kindest, most generous people seem to keep getting prettier? They become Cary Grant or Lauren Bacall right before our eyes. It's funny how that happens, but it does.Take the long-lost art of saying "Thank you." Like wearing a little lipstick or making sure your hair is neat, getting into the habit of saying "Thank you." can make you feel better about yourself, and then you look better to everyone around you. A gracious manner not only sets an excellent example for your children and grandchildren but it adds priceless panache to your image.Positive ThankingOf course, saying "Thank you." does wonders for the person on the receiving end too. I recently got a thank-you note from a guest who attended a 40th birthday party that Frank and I hosted for Frank's daughter-in-law. The note was lovely enough, but even lovelier was the fact that the guest had also included a recipe for a dish I'd complimented her on at an earlier gathering. It was a sweet gesture that made me feel terrific and put me in a great mood. What a gift!Many of us know we should write thank-you notes, but we think we don't have the time or energy. Now, I know we all have busy lives, but I bet the note my guest sent me didn't take long to write. If you feel like a feel because you've put off sending a card, write a note that says, " I should have done this two weeks ago, but I didn't want to let another day go by without telling you how much I enjoyed your party." It's much better than not writing at all.Magic WordsJust as powerful as a thank-you note is the simple phrase "Excuse me." Don't you just hate it when someone knocks an enormous carry-on bag into your head when he's barreling down the aisle to board an airplane—and then doesn't bother to say he's sorry? But when someone does stop and turn around and genuinely apologizes, doesn't it melt away most—if not all—of the irritation you felt?Same for holding the door open for others when you see their hands are full. I'll even do this for a hotel bellman carrying my luggage. Just because his job is to carry my bags doesn't mean he doesn't appreciate a little gesture that makes his life a wee bit easier. And punctuality is not a thingof the past, either. Being on time for lunch dates, for example, shows the person we're meeting that we value his or her precious time as much as we do our own.Bringing Manners HomeAnd for heaven's sake, we shouldn't forget to use good manners with our own families. That's where it counts the most because those are the people we love the most. How lovely it would be to put a card on your spouse's pillow at night to say "Thank you." for some dear thing he or she did for you or even just to say "I love you."Similarly, bringing home the most insignificant little presents for people you cherish will go a long way. It shows they're in your thoughts and you want to make them happy. If you're a husband, how long has it been since you walked in the door with a rose for your wife? Or maybe her favorite candy—even if it's just a Snickers bar? You'd sure get my attention if you brought me a Snickers! I firmly believe spouses should be gracious about the routine things they expect each other to do. Show that you don't take the other person for granted. He or she is much more likely to treat you the same way.Good manners are infectious. Now, if we could just get everyone to catch them!礼貌怎么了？你是否还记得有一个时期人们相互更友好、更温柔、更绅士呢？我确实记得，并且我感觉现在这个世界不知怎么在远离那个时代。

The Answers to Unit 3Enhance Your Language AwarenessWorking with Words and Expressions1. (1) reveals (2) behaving (3) handle (4) influenced(5) satisfied (6) entertain (7) inherit (8) affect(9) confronted (10) sought (11) isolated (12) restrict(13) optimistic (14) selfish (15) sensitive2. (1) summed up (2) have an impact on (3) respond to (4) In general (5) falls into (6) at work (7) shut off from (8) in control of (9) free from (10) in good shape3. (2) combination (3) seek (4) specific (5) restrict (6) vary(7) expand (8) growth (9) company (10) dominate (11) opportunityIncreasing Your Word Power1. (1) aggressive, sarcastic, harsh, negative(2) magical, mystical(3) negative, critical(4) magical, outgoing, optimistic(5) intellectual2. (1) Evidently (2) individually (3) absolutely(4) consistently/evidently/absolutely (5) Consequently(6) mentally, physically (7) probably/absolutely (8) eagerly enthusiastically (9) easily (10) Normally(1) submissive (2) aggressive (3) possession (4) created(5) negative (6) defense (7) sensitiveGrammarTask 1: (1) all (2) many (3) a (4) much (5) some (6) every (7) an (8) anyCloze(1) indicate (2) responds (3) reflect (4) absolutely (5) preference(6) harsh (7) specific (8) traits (9) individual (10) immature(11) effort (12) persistent (13) achieve (14) inheritsTranslation1. Translate the sentences11) William likes the girl a lot so he tries very hard to impress her and is optimistic that he will win her heart.12) He is very creative and has a good vision of the future, but he likes to keep things to himself.13) They came from a poor village where people were shut off from modern civilization.14) We must work hard and make an effort to achieve the goals that we have set.15) We should learn to be content with all that we have and should not be too critical about things around us.16) They often represent our school in debating competitions; tonight we will throw a party to celebrate their success.17) Through reading, not only has he expanded his horizon, he has also learned to keep improving his character.18) Two policemen sacrificed their lives in order to save that girl from the fire.19) A stable relationship without conflicts between husband and wife benefits the children in the family.2. Translate the paragraph虽然有许多关于性格的理论，但是任何一个都没有绝对地对错之分，因为每个心理学家对性格的观点都有所不同。