An Automatic Searching and Publishing System on Internet for Geo-Spatial Information

英语期刊发表格式English Journal Publishing Format。

In the academic world, publishing in English journals is an important way for scholars to disseminate their research findings and contribute to the advancement of knowledge in their respective fields. However, for non-native English speakers, understanding the format and requirements for publishing in English journals can be a daunting task. In this document, we will discuss the key elements of the English journal publishing format and provide guidance for authors seeking to publish their work in English-language journals.Title and Abstract。

The title of the research paper should be concise, informative, and accurately reflect the content of the paper. The abstract, typically limited to 250 words, should provide a brief summary of the research objectives, methods, results, and conclusions. It is important to ensure that the abstract is written in clear and concise language, as it serves as a preview of the paper for potential readers.Keywords。

分层跟踪检测(二)DiscoveringUsefulStructures&ListeningandTalkingA级必备知识基础练Ⅰ.单词拼写1.A new machine has many separate parts,each performing a differentf .2.It has been (确认) that the conference will take place after the Spring Festival.3.Seeing no one around,the policewoman p a bell for service by herself.4.These shoes are sold at a (折扣) because some sizes are not available.5.They withdrew 100 dollars from a bank a after checking out of their hotel.6.It is reported that his battery lasts twice as long as other (电池).Ⅱ.单句语法填空1.Over the past few years,thousands of films(produce) all over the world.2.Shakespeare’s play Hamlet(make) into at least ten different films over the past years.3.So far,about five thousand trees(plant) in these ten neighbourhoods.4.The diamond mine (discover) accidentally by a little boy when he was playing hide-and-seek.5.All the Chinese people felt extremely proud that great changes (take) place in the past 40 years.6.Although both sides have been making efforts,no conclusion (conclude) up to now.7.That book (translate) into at least 20 foreign languages during the last 10 years.8.It’s the first time that the two old motorbikes(check) since I bought them.9.Do you know anyone that (put) into space rockets and sent to eoon and Mars since last century?10.We are glad to be told that over ten students in our school (admit) to Tsinghua University for their top scores in the Maths Contest.Ⅲ.单句写作1.我希望你能够把我的建议考虑在内,我确信你会做出正确的决定。

How does your reading proceed? Clearly, you try to comprehend, in the sense of identifying meanings for individual words and working out relationships between them, drawing on your implicit knowledge of English grammar.(41)________________. You begin to infer a context for the text, for instance, by making decisions about what kind of speech event is evolved. Who is making the utterance, to whom, when and where?The ways of reading indicated here are without doubt kinds of comprehension but they show comprehension to consist not just of passive assimilation but of active engagement in inference and problem-solving. You infer information you feel the writer has invited you to grasp by presenting you with specific evidence and clues. (42) ________________ Conceived in this way, comprehension will not follow exactly the same track for each reader. What is in question is not the retrieval of an absolute, fixed or ―true‖ meaning that can be read off and checked for accuracy, or some timeless relationship of the text to the world. (43) _____________Such background material inevitably reflects who we are. (44) _____________. This does not, however, make interpretation merely relative or even pointless. Precisely because readers from different historical periods, places and social experiences produce different but overlapping readings of the same words on the page---including for texts that engage with fundamental human concerns--- debates about texts can play an important role in social discussion of belief and values.How we read a given text also depends to some extent on our particular interest in reading it. (45) _____________. Such dimensions of reading suggest---as others introduced later in the book will also do--that we bring an implicit (often unacknowledged) agenda to any act of reading. It does not then necessarily follow that one kind of reading is fuller, more advanced or more worthwhile than another. Ideally, different minds of reading inform each other, and act as useful reference points for and counterbalances to one another. Together, they make up the reading component of your overall literacy, or relationship to your surrounding textual environment.[A] Are we studying that text and trying to respond in a way that fulfills the requirement of a given course? Reading it simply for pleasure? Skimming it for information? Ways of reading on a train or in bed are likely to differ considerably from reading in a seminar room.[B] Factors such as the place and period in which we are reading, our gender ethnicity, age and social class will encourage us towards certain interpretations but at the same time obscure or even close off others.[C] If you are unfamiliar with words or idioms, you guess at their meaning, using clues presented in the context. On the assumption that they will become relevant later, you make a mental note of discourse entities as well as possible links between them.[D]In effect, you try to reconstruct the likely meanings or effects that any given sentence, image or reference might have had: These might be the ones the author intended.[E] You make further inferences, for instance, about how the text may be significant to you, or about its validity—inferences that form the basis of a personal response for which the author will inevitably be far less responsible.[F] In plays, novels and narrative poems, characters speak as constructs created by the author, not necessarily as m outhpieces for the author’s own thoughts.[G]Rather, we ascribe meanings to texts on the basis of interaction between what we might call textual and contextual material: between kinds of organizations or patterning we perceive in a text’s formal structur es (so especially its language structures) and various kinds of background, social knowledge, belief and attitude that we bring to the text.[A] Some archaeological sites have always been easily observable—for example, the Parthenon in Athens, Greece; the pyramids of Giza in Egypt; and the megaliths of Stonehenge in southern England. But these sites are exceptions to the norm .Most archaeological sites have been located by means of careful searching, while many others have been discovered by accident. Olduvai Gorge, fell into its deep valley in 1911.Thousands of Aztec artifacts came to light during the digging of the Mexico City subway in the 1970s.[B] In another case, American archaeologists Rene million and George Cowgill spent years systematically mapping the entire city of Teotihuacan in the valley of Mexico near what is now Mexico City .at its peak around AD 600, this city was one of the largest human settlements in the word. The researchers mapped not only the city’s vast and ornate ceremo nial areas, but also hundreds of simpler apartment complexes where common people lived.[C] How do archaeologists know where to find what they are looking for when there is nothing visible on the surface of the ground? Typically, they survey and sample (make test excavations on) large areas of terrain to determine where excavation will yield useful information. Surveys and test samples have also become important for understanding the larger landscapes that contain archaeological sites.[D] Surveys can cover a single large settlement or entire landscapes. In one case, many researchers working around the ancient Maya city of Copán, Honduras, have located hundreds of small rural village and individual dwellings by using aerial photographs and by making surveys on foot. The resulting settlement maps show how the distribution and density of the rural population around the city changed dramatically between AD500 and 850, when Copán collapsed.[E] To find their sites, archaeologists today rely heavily on systematic survey methods and a variety of high-technology tools and techniques. Airborne technologies, such as different types of radar and photographic equipment carried by airplanes or spacecraft, allow archaeologists to learn about what lies beneath the ground without digging. Aerial surveys locate general areas of interest or larger buried features, such as ancient buildings or fields.[F] Most archaeological sites, however, are discovered by archaeologists who have set out to look for them. Such searches can take years. British archaeologist Howard Carter knew that the tomb of the Egyptian pharaoh Tutankhamen existed from information found in other sites. Carter sifted through rubble in the Valley of the King for seven years before he located the tomb in 1922. In the late 1800s British archaeologist Sir Arthur Eyan combed antique dealers’ stores in Athens, Greece. He was searching for thing engraved seals attributed to the ancient Mycenaean culture that dominated Greece from the 1400s to 1200s BC. Evas’s inter pretations of those engravings eventually led them to find the Minoan palace at Knossos on the island of Crete, in 1900.[G] Ground surveys allow archaeologists to pinpoint the places where digs will be successful. Most ground surveys involve a lot of walking, looking for surface clues such as small fragments of pottery. They often include a certain amounts of digging to test for buried materials at selected points across a landscape. Archaeologists also may locate buried remains by using such technologies as ground radar, magnetic-field recording, and metal detector. Archaeologists commonly use computers to map sites and the landscapes around sites. Two and three-dimensional maps are helpful tools in planning excavations, illustrating how sites look, and presenting the results of archaeological research.41 --- A --- 42. --- E ---43 --- 44 --- 45The social sciences are flourishing.As of 2005,there were almost half a million professional social scientists from all fields in the world, working both inside and outside academia. According to the World Social Science Report 2010,the number of social-science students worldwide has swollen by about 11% every year since 2000.Yet this enormous resource in not contributing enough to today’s globa l challenges including climate change, security,sustainable development and health.(41)______Humanity has the necessary agro-technological tools to eradicate hunger , from genetically engineered crops to arificial fertilizers . Here , too, the problems are social: the organization and distribution of food, wealth and prosperity.(42)____This is a shame—the community should be grasping the opportunity to raise its influence in the real world. To paraphrase the great social scientist Joseph Schumpeter:there is no radical innovation without creative destruction .Today ,the social sciences are largely focused on disciplinary problems and internal scholarly debates,rather than on topics with external impact.Analyses reveal that the number of papers including th e keywords ―environmental changed‖ or ―climate change‖ have increased rapidly since 2004,(43)____When social scientists do tackle practical issues ,their scope is often local:Belgium is interested mainly in the effects of poverty on Belgium for example .A nd whether the community’s work contributes much to an overall accumulation of knowledge is doubtful.The problem is not necessarily the amount of available funding (44)____this is an adequate amount so long as it is aimed in the right direction. Social sc ientists who complain about a lack of funding should not expect more in today’s economic climate.The trick is to direct these funds better.The European Union Framework funding programs have long had a category specifically targeted at social scientists.This year,it was proposed that system be changed:Horizon 2020,a new program to be enacted in 2014,would not have such a category ,This has resulted in protests from social scientists.But the intention is not to neglect social science ; rather ,the complete opposite.(45)____That should create more collaborative endeavors and help to develop projects aimed directly at solving global problems.[A] It could be that we are evolving two communities of social scientists:one that is discipline-oriented and publishing in highly specialized journals,and one that is problem-oriented and publishing elsewhere,such as policy briefs.[B] However,the numbers are still small:in 2010,about 1,600 of the 100,000 social-sciences papers published globally included one of these Keywords.[C] the idea is to force social to integrate their work with other categories, including health and demographic change food security, marine research and the bio-economy, clear, efficient energy; and inclusive, innovative and secure societies.[D] the solution is to change the mindset of the academic community, and what it considers to be its main goal. Global challenges and social innovation ought to receive much more attention from scientists, especially the young ones.[E] These issues all have root causes in human behavior . all require behavioral change and social innovations , as well as technological development . Stemming climate change , for example , is as much about changing consumption patterns and promoting tax acceptance as it is about developing clean energy.[F] Despite these factors , many social scientists seem reluctant to tackle such problems . And in Europe , some are up in arms over a proposal to drop a specific funding category for social-science research and to integrate it within cross-cutting topics of sustainable development .[G] During the late 1990s , national spending on social sciences and the humanities as a percentage of all research and development funds-including government, higher education, non-profit and corporate -varied from around 4% to 25%; inThink of those fleeting moments when you look out of an aeroplane window and realise that you are flying, higher than a bird. Now think of your laptop, thinner than a brown-paper envelope, or your cellphone in the palm of your hand. Take a moment or two to wonder at those marvels. You are the lucky inheritor of a dream come true.The second half of the 20th century saw a collection of geniuses, warriors, entrepreneurs and visionaries labour to create a fabulous machine that could function as a typewriter and printing press, studio and theatre, paintbrush and gallery, piano and radio, the mail as well as the mail carrier. (41)The networked computer is an amazing device, the first media machine that serves as the mode of production, means of distribution, site of reception, and place of praise and critique. The computer is the 21st century's culture machine.But for all the reasons there are to celebrate the computer, we must also tread with caution. (42)I call it a secret war for two reasons. First, most people do not realise that there are strong commercial agendas at work to keep them in passive consumption mode. Second, the majority of people who use networked computers to upload are not even aware of the significance of what they are doing.All animals download, but only a few upload. Beavers build dams and birds make nests. Yet for the most part, the animal kingdom moves through the world downloading. Humans are unique in their capacity to not only make tools but then turn around and use them to create superfluous material goods - paintings, sculpture and architecture - and superfluous experiences - music, literature, religion and philosophy. (43)For all the possibilities of our new culture machines, most people are still stuck in download mode. Even after the advent of widespread social media, a pyramid of production remains, with a small number of people uploading material, a slightly larger group commenting on or modifying that content, and a huge percentage remaining content to just consume.(44)Television is a one-way tap flowing into our homes. The hardest task that television asks of anyone is to turn the power off after he has turned it on.(45)What counts as meaningful uploading? My definition revolves around the concept of "stickiness" - creations and experiences to which others adhere.[A] Of course, it is precisely these superfluous things that define human culture and ultimately what it is to be human. Downloading and consuming culture requires great skills, but failing to move beyond downloading is to strip oneself of a defining constituent of humanity.[B] Applications like , which allow users to combine pictures, words and other media in creative ways and then share them, have the potential to add stickiness by amusing, entertaining and enlightening others.[C] Not only did they develop such a device but by the turn of the millennium they had also managed to embed it in a worldwide system accessed by billions of people every day.[D] This is because the networked computer has sparked a secret war between downloading and uploading - between passive consumption and active creation - whose outcome will shape our collective future in ways we can only begin to imagine.[E] The challenge the computer mounts to television thus bears little similarity to one format being replaced by another in the manner of record players being replaced by CD players.[F] One reason for the persistence of this pyramid of production is that for the past half-century, much of the world's media culture has been defined by a single medium - television - and television is defined by downloading.[G]The networked computer offers the first chance in 50 years to reverse the flow, to encourage thoughtful downloading[A] No disciplines have seized on professionalism with as much enthusiasm the humanities. You can, Mr. Menand points out, became a lawyer in three years and a medical doctor in four. But the regular time it takes to get a doctoral degree in the humanities is nine years. Not surprisingly, up to half of all doctoral students in English drop out before getting their degrees.[B] His concern is mainly with the humanities: Literature, languages, philosophy and so on. These are disciplines that are going out of sytle:22% of American college graduates now major in business compared with only 2% in history and 4% in English. However, many leading American universities want their undergraduates to have a grounding in the basic canon of ideas that every educated person should posses. But most find it difficult to agree on what a ―general education‖ should look like. At Harvard, Mr. Menand notes, ―the great books are read because they have been read‖, they form a sort of social glue.[C] Equally unsurprisingly, only about half end up with professorships for which they entered graduate school. There are simply too few posts. This is partly because universities continue to produce ever more PhDs. But fewer students want to study humanities subjects: English department awarded more bachelor’s degrees in 1970-71 than they did 20 years later. Fewer students requires fewer teachers. So, at the end of a decade of theses-writing, many humanities students leave the profession to du something for which they have not been trained.[D] One reason why it is hard to design and teach courses is that they can cut across the insistence by top American universities that liberal-arts educations and professional education should be kept separate, taught in different schools. Many students experience both varieties Although more than half of Harvard undergraduates end up in law, medicine or business, future doctors and lawyers must study a non-specialist liberal-art degree before embarking on a professional qualification.[E] Besides professionalizing the professions by this separation top American universities have professionalized the professor. The growth on public money for academic research has speeded the process: federal research grants rose fourfold between 1960 and 1990, but faculty teaching hours fell by half as research took its toll. Professionalism has turned the acquisition of a doctoral degree into a prerequisite for a successful academic career: as late as 1969 a third of American professors did not possess one. But the key idea behind professionalization, argues Mr. Menand, is that ―the knowledge and skills needed for a particular specialization are transmissible but not transferab le.‖ So disciplines acquire a monopoly not just over the production of knowledge, but also over the production of the producers of knowledge.[F] The key to reforming higher education, concludes Mr. Menand, is to alter the way in which ―the producers of k nowledge are produced.‖ Otherwise, academics will continue to think dangerously alike, increasingly detached from the societies which they study, investigate and criticize. ―Academic inquiry, at least in some fields, may need to become less exclusionary an d more holistic.‖ Yet quite how that happens, Mr. Menand dose not say.[G] The subtle and intelligent little book The marketplace of Ideas: Reform and Resistance in the American University should be read by every student thinking of applying to take a doctoral degree. They may then decide to go elsewhere. For something curious has been happening in American Universities, and Louis Menand, a professor of English at Harvard University, captured it skillfully.[A] The first and more important is the consumer's growing preference for eating out; the consumption of food and drink in places other than homes has risen from about 32 percent of total consumption in 1995 to 35 percent in 2000 and is expected to approach 38 percent by 2005. This development is boosting wholesale demand from the food service segment by 4 to 5 percent a year across Europe, compared with growth in retail demand of 1 to 2 percent. Meanwhile, as the recession is looming large, people are getting anxious. They tend to keep a tighter hold on their purse and consider eating at home a realistic alternative.[B] Retail sales of food and drink in Europe's largest markets are at a standstill, leaving European grocery retailers hungry for opportunities to grow. Most leading retailers have already tried e-commerce, with limited success, and expansion abroad. But almost all have ignored the big, profitable opportunity in their own backyard: the wholesale food and drink trade, which appears to be just the kind of market retailers need.[C] Will such variations bring about a change in the overall structure of the food and drink market? Definitely not. The functioning of the market is based on flexible trends dominated by potential buyers. In other words, it is up to the buyer, rather than the seller, to decide what to buy .At any rate, this change will ultimately be acclaimed by an ever-growing number of both domestic and international consumers, regardless of how long the current consumer pattern will take hold.[D] All in all, this clearly seems to be a market in which big retailers could profitably apply their scale, existing infrastructure and proven skills in the management of product ranges, logistics, and marketing intelligence. Retailers that master the intricacies of wholesaling in Europe may well expect to rake in substantial profits thereby. At least, that is how it looks as a whole. Closer inspection reveals important differences among the biggest national markets, especially in their customer segments and wholesale structures, as well as the competitive dynamics of individual food and drink categories. Big retailers must understand these differences before they can identify the segments of European wholesaling in which their particular abilities might unseat smaller but entrenched competitors. New skills and unfamiliar business models are needed too.[E] Despite variations in detail, wholesale markets in the countries that have been closely examined—France, Germany, Italy, and Spain—are made out of the same building blocks. Demand comes mainly from two sources: independent mom-and-pop grocery stores which, unlike large retail chains, are two small to buy straight from producers, and food service operators that cater to consumers when they don't eat at home. Such food service operators range from snack machines to large institutional catering ventures, but most of these businesses are known in the trade as "horeca": hotels, restaurants, and cafes. Overall, Europe's wholesale market for food and drink is growing at the same sluggish pace as the retail market, but the figures, when added together, mask two opposing trends.[F] For example, wholesale food and drink sales come to $268 billion in France, Germany, Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom in 2000—more than 40 percent of retail sales. Moreover, average overall margins are higher in wholesale than in retail; wholesale demand from the food service sector is growing quickly as more Europeans eat out more often; and changes in the competitive dynamics of this fragmented industry are at last making it feasible for wholesalers to consolidate.[G] However, none of these requirements should deter large retailers (and even some large good producers and existing wholesalers) from trying their hand, for those that master the intricacies of wholesaling in Europe stand to reap considerable gains.Coinciding with the groundbreaking theory of biological evolution proposed by British naturalist Charles Darwin in the 1860s, British social philosopher Herbert Spencer put forward his own theory of biological and cultural evolution. Spencer argued that all worldly phenomena, including human societies, changed over time, advancing toward perfection.41.____________.American social scientist Lewis Henry Morgan introduced another theory of cultural evolution in the late 1800s. Morgan, along with Tylor, was one of the founders of modern anthropology. In his work, he attempted to show how all aspects of culture changed together in the evolution of societies.42._____________.In the early 1900s in North America, German-born American anthropologist Franz Boas developed a new theory of culture known as historical particularism. Historical particularism, which emphasized the uniqueness of all cultures, gave new direction to anthropology. 43._____________.Boas felt that the culture of any society must be understood as the result of a unique history and not as one of many cultures belonging to a broader evolutionary stage or type of culture. 44._______________.Historical particularism became a dominant approach to the study of culture in American anthropology, largely through the influence of many students of Boas. But a number of anthropologists in the early 1900s also rejected the particularist theory of culture in favor of diffusionism. Some attributed virtually every important cultural achievement to the inventions of a few, especially gifted peoples that, according to diffusionists, then spread to other cultures. 45.________________.Also in the early 1900s, French sociologist Émile Durkheim developed a theory of culture that would greatly influence anthropology. Durkheim proposed that religious beliefs functioned to reinforce social solidarity. An interest in the relationship between the function of society and culture—known as functionalism—became a major theme in European, and especially British, anthropology.[A] Other anthropologists believed that cultural innovations, such as inventions, had a single origin and passed from society to society. This theory was known as diffusionism.[B] In order to study particular cultures as completely as possible, Boas became skilled in linguistics, the study of languages, and in physical anthropology, the study of human biology and anatomy.[C] He argued that human evolution was characterized by a struggle he called the "survival of the fittest," in which weaker races and societies must eventually be replaced by stronger, more advanced races and societies.[D] They also focused on important rituals that appeared to preserve a people's social structure, such as initiation ceremonies that formally signify children's entrance into adulthood.[E] Thus, in his view, diverse aspects of culture, such as the structure of families, forms of marriage, categories of kinship, ownership of property, forms of government, technology, and systems of food production, all changed as societies evolved.[F] Supporters of the theory viewed as a collection of integrated parts that work together to keep a society functioning.[G] For example, British anthropologists Grafton Elliot Smith and W. J. Perry incorrectly suggested, on the basis of inadequate information, that farming, pottery making, and metallurgy all originated in ancient Egypt and diffused throughout the world. In fact, all of these cultural developments occurred separately at different times in many parts of the world.The time for sharpening pencils, arranging your desk, and doing almost anything else instead of writing has ended. The first draft will appear on the page only if you stop avoiding the inevitable and sit, stand up, or lie down to write. (41) Be flexible. Your outline should smoothly conduct you from one point to the next, but do not permit it to railroad you. If a relevant and important idea occurs to you now, work it into the draft. (42) Grammar, punctuation, and spelling can wait until you revise. Concentrate on what you are saying. Good writing most often occurs when you are in hot pursuit of an idea rather than in a nervous search for errors.(43) Your pages will be easier to keep track of that way, and, if you have to clip a paragraph to place it elsewhere, you will not lose any writing on the other side.If you are working on a word processor, you can take advantage of its capacity to make additions and deletions as well as move entire paragraphs by making just a few simple keyboard commands. Some software programs can also check spelling and certain grammatical elements in your writing. (44) These printouts are also easier to read than the screen when you work on revisions.Once you have a first draft on paper, you can delete material that is unrelated to your thesis and add material necessary to illustrate your points and make your paper convincing. The student who wrote ―The A & P as a State of Mind‖ wisely dropped a paragraph that questioned whether Sammy displays chauvinistic attitudes toward women. (45) Remember that your initial draft is only that. You should go through the paper many times – and then again – working to substantiate and clarify your ideas. You may even end up with several entire versions of the paper. Rewrite. The sentences within each paragraph should be related to a single topic. Transitions should connect one paragraph to the next so that there are no abrupt or confusing shifts. Awkward or wordy phrasing or unclear sentences and paragraphs should be mercilessly poked and prodded into shape.[A] To make revising easier, leave wide margins and extra space between lines so that you can easily add words, sentences, and corrections. Write on only one side of the paper.[B] After you have clearly and adequately developed the body of your paper, pay particular attention to the introductory and concluding paragraphs. It’s probably best to write the introduction last, after you know precisely what you are introducing. Concluding paragraphs demand equal attention because they leave the reader with a final impression.[C] It’s worth remembering, however, that though a clean copy fresh off a printer may look terrific, it will read only as well as the thinking and writing that have gone into it. Many writers prudently store their data on disks and print their pages each time they finish a draft to avoid losing any material because of power failures or other problems.[D] It makes no difference how you write, just so you do. Now that you have developed a topic into a tentative thesis, you can assemble your notes and begin to flesh out whatever outline you have made.[E] Although this is an interesting issue, it has nothing to do with the thesis, which explains how the setting influences Sammy’s decision to quit his job. Instead of including that paragraph, she added one that described Lengel’s crabbed response to the girls so that she could lead up to the A & P ―policy‖ he enforces.[F] In the final paragraph about the significan ce of the setting in ―A & P,‖ the student brings together the reasons Sammy quit his job by referring to his refusal to accept Lengel’s store policies.[G] By using the first draft as a means of thinking about what you want to say, you will very likely discover more than your notes originally suggested. Plenty of good writers don’t use outlines at all but discover ordering principles as they write. Do not attempt to compose a perfectly correct draft the first time around.。

2017年11月北京成人本科学位英语统一考试真题及答案(word版可编辑修改)编辑整理：尊敬的读者朋友们：这里是精品文档编辑中心，本文档内容是由我和我的同事精心编辑整理后发布的，发布之前我们对文中内容进行仔细校对，但是难免会有疏漏的地方，但是任然希望（2017年11月北京成人本科学位英语统一考试真题及答案(word版可编辑修改)）的内容能够给您的工作和学习带来便利。

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2017年11月北京成人学士学位英语考试真题及答案Part I Reading Comprehension (30%)Directions： There are three passages In this part Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D。

You should decide on the best choice and blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet。

Passage 1Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage:In 2014， older Americans fell 29 million times, leading to 7 million injuries，according to a report published last week. About 2.8 million cases were treated in emergency department, and approximately 800，000 seniors went on to be hospitalized. More than 27,000 falls led to death. （76） And the problem is getting more and more serious.“Older adult falls are increasing and, sadly，often indicate the end of independence," said Dr。

电脑和书本的优缺点英语作文Computers and books each have their own advantages and disadvantages. On one hand, computers provide a wealth of information and can be easily updated. They also offer convenience as they are portable and allow for quick referencing and searching. On the other hand, books hold a sense of nostalgia and provide a tactile experience that cannot be replicated by computers. They also allow for deep focus and concentration without the distractions that come with using a computer. 电脑和书本各有利弊。

一方面，电脑提供了丰富的信息，可以很容易地更新。

它们也很方便，可以随身携带，快速查阅和搜索。

另一方面，书本则拥有怀旧感，提供了一种电脑无法复制的触觉体验。

它们还可以让人全神贯注，不受使用电脑时带来的干扰。

From an academic perspective, books have long been the primary source of learning and education. They serve as the foundation of knowledge and are often the basis for academic research and study. However, with the advancement of technology, more and more academic resources are now available online, making it easier for students and researchers to access information. Additionally, electronic books are becoming increasingly popular, allowing formore convenient and portable access to academic materials. 从学术角度看，书本长期以来一直是学习和教育的主要来源。

BOOK 1 - Unit 5 - Language Focus - Vocabulary1. Fill in the gaps with words or phrases given below. Change the form where necessary.1. A [monthly] statement is a general term for a personalized financial record that regularly informs a recipient about the status of his or her account. It is generally mailed to the recipient on or near the same day each month.2. Over a hundred children came to the annual Christmas party which was a good opportunity for them to gather and renew [acquaintances].3. My parents' marriage was a [classic] of its time —those years of the so-called cultural revolution, with no wedding ceremony and no honeymoon.4. Having failed in the examination, Owen didn't dare [look] his father [in the eye].5. Britain still has a bicycle industry; frames and complete bicycles are [manufactured] here, though most of the components are imported.6. The employees of the company are treated right with handsome paychecks and stock [options].7. San Francisco is one of the largest cities in California and a leading center of culture, [finance], and industry in the United States.8. Steve announced just now that he was leaving, but the coach had already started looking around for a [replacement] weeks before.9. Shortly after he learned of the earthquake, the man hurried back to his hometown, searching high and low to find out whether his parents had [survived] the calamity (灾难).10. I was listening for Grace's voice, but it wasn't easy to [pick] it [out] among all the others.11. The survey reveals that an increasing number of young people claim they enjoy [married] life.12. Someone [grabbed at] the letter I was reading. Looking up, I was delightfully surprised to find that it was my former classmate.2. Rewrite each sentence with the word or phrase in brackets, keeping the same meaning. The first part has been written for you.1. An eight-month-old baby girl was the sole survivor of a car crash that killed both her parents. (survive)Only an eight-month-old baby girl[survived a car crash that killed both her parents].2. Sarah read my poem out to the whole class ─I almost died of embarrassment. (embarrass)I was[almost embarrassed to death when Sarah read my poem out to the whole class].3. The seriously injured pupils will be under the care of doctors and nurses of the Children's Hospital. (care for)Doctors and nurses[of the Children's Hospital will care for the seriously injured pupils].4. Several people have phoned the personnel department to inquire about the position of Chief Financial Officer. (inquiry)The personnel department has received[several phone calls making inquiries about the position of Chief Financial Officer].5. We can help you find a solution to all your financial problems if you join our club. (straighten out)We can help you[straighten out all your financial problems if you join our club].plete the following, using the words or phrases in brackets. Make additions or changes where necessary.1. On further [inquiry], we learned that the earthquake caused heavy casualties (伤亡) and material losses to the inhabitants. Many old people [died of hunger] and thirst after they were trapped for nearly a week. Fortunately most younger [people survived]. (die of, survive, inquiry)2. [Instantly] the news spread among employees of the firm that David had decided to [give up his] current position and [retire]. Thereupon everyone became curious about who would [replace him] as chief [executive] officer. (retire, executive, replace, instantly, give up)3. Brown used to live on his parents. However after [his beloved] father died he had to support himself economically. He did a lot of [odd jobs], including shining shoes, washing dishes, [and all that]. (and all that, beloved, odd)Word FormationA suffix is a letter or group of letters added to the end of a word to form a new one. Unlike prefixes, a suffix frequently alters the part of speech of the word. For example, the verb replace, by the addition of the suffix -ment, is changed into a noun replacement.Complete the following sentences by adding a suffix to the given base in brackets.1. He looked down at the floor in an attempt to hide his [embarrassment]. (embarrass)2. Rescue workers continued to search for [survivors], nearly 72 hours after the collapse of the World Trade Center. (survive)3. A tiny old lady was among a group looking at an art exhibition in a [newly] opened gallery. (new)4. The reality is that we all have [marketable] skills such as writing, consulting, or designing and selling things. (market)5. Many people are now having trouble making their [monthly] house payments (month)6. A spelling bee is a [competition] in which people try to correctly spell words. (compete)7. The total energy given off by the devastating earthquake was many times more than any [conceivable] chemical reaction could produce. (conceive)8. It shocked me to learn that the young man was released simply because he came from a [respectable] middle-class family. (respect)UsageRewrite the parts in italics with "the + adj.".1. Some Democrats believed they lost the election because poor people didn't turn out to vote. [the poor]2. Those who had died were completely innocent victims of the bomb. [The deceased / The dead]3. The governor has guaranteed health care for pregnant women, preschool children, and disabled people. [the disabled]4. Do you know why French people are skinnier than Americans? It is because French people stop when they're full, Americans stop when the plate is empty (or the TV show ends). [the French]5. The person who was accused denied stealing his student's ideas and publishing them. [The accused]6. In our city living together without getting married is not common among young people. [the young]7. People who are not employed will receive a monthly payment from the local government. [The unemployed]8. Where unemployment and crime are high, it can be assumed that crime is due to unemployment.[the latter ... the formerCloze1. Complete the following passage with words chosen from the Words and Phrases to Drill box. Change the form where necessary.I hear poor Phil has [died of] (1) a heart attack. Died [instantly] (2), I believe. Mind you, if you were looking for a heart attack victim, he was a [classic] (3) case. You need only [askaround] (4) to hear everyone say that he worked all hours, never taking a break. That sort of person all too often risks not [surviving] (5) long enough to [retire] (6) on a pension. No doubt the chief [executive] (7) is already looking around for Phil's [replacement] (8). I know you can't afford to be sentimental in business, not with [stock] (9) holders breathing down your neck all the time. Still, he must have found it difficult to look Phil's widow [in the eye] (10) at the funeral after allowing him to overwork like that.2. Read the following passage carefully until you have got its main idea, and then select one appropriate word for each gap from the box.One summer evening, shortly after I arrived at my new assignment, my boss walked by my house and saw my wife and children sitting on our front porch. He asked her where I was. My wife told him I was still at the office. When she told this to me, in the corner of my heart I secretly hoped he was [impressed] (1) by my work ethic (职业道德).The next morning, my boss called me. I expected a verbal pat on the back for my [diligence] (2) and hard work. [Instead] (3), he asked me what I was doing so late at the office and inquired if I had been doing that every night since taking over. I told him I had indeed been working late every night.[Contrary](4) to what I expected, he told me anyone could be a workaholic and achieve great things [professionally] (5). Yet he had hired me to [perform] (6) and excel (干得出色) in not one but two areas: my professional and personal life.This incident caused me to do a lot of introspection (沉思). I examined my professional, family and[personal] (7) life and found that they weren't in [balance] (8). So I made a [commitment] (9) to myself to work on achieving a better balance in these three areas. This is what my little voyage of self-discovery [revealed] (10) to me.3. Translate the following sentences into English, using the words or phrases in brackets.1. 我不太清楚哪儿你能找到个好木工（carpenter）——你最好四处打听打听。

Unit 3 CreativityGetting Ready名词Nouns1. creativity创造力e.g.: Creativity and originality are more important than technical skill.2. inventor发明者，发明家e.g.: In my youth my ambition had been to be an inventor.3. musician 音乐家，作曲家e.g.: This young musician has a bright future.形容词Adjectives1. creative 有创造力的e.g.: I think an artist’s work is very creative.兼类词Words with Multiple Part of Speech1. design v.设计n.设计e.g.: They draw and design things that we see every day.Lesson 7 A Famous Inventor名词Nouns1. gun枪e.g.: The gun went off by accident.2. bridge桥，桥梁e.g.: For example, one of his bridges was finally built 500 years after it was drawn and flying machines, such as helicopters, are very common now.3. helicopter直升机e.g.: He was rushed to the hospital by helicopter.4. instrument仪器；乐器e.g.: Is he learning an instrument?5. painter画家e.g.: He is considered one of the greatest painters of all time.6. engineer工程师，设计师e.g.: Not many people know he was also an engineer and an inventor.7. pioneer先锋，先驱e.g.: Da Vinci was interested in science and art, and he was a pioneer in many areas.8. code密码e.g.: Some think da Vinci wanted to keep his ideas secret as he wrote his diary in code.9. mirror镜子e.g.: He looked at himself in the mirror.动词Verbs1. cancel 取消e.g.: The picnic is cancelled because of the bad weather.形容词Adjectives1. northern 北方的；向北的e.g.: Leonardo da Vinci was born on April 15th, 1452 in a northern Italian town.2. Italian意大利的e.g.: Lots of people like Italian food.3. left-handed左撇子的e.g.: Others think it was just easier for him to write this way because he was left-handed.4. absent缺席的；缺少的e.g.: I was absent because I caught a cold.副词Adverbs1. far 非常，大大e.g.: That’s a far better idea.2. backwards倒着地e.g.: ‘Ambulance’ is written backwards so you can read it in the mirror.短语Expressions1. adding machine 计算器e.g.: They included plans for an adding machine, bridges as well as drawings of musical instruments, flying machines and machines for war, such as guns.2. as well as也e.g.: Judy likes dancing, singing as well as drawing.3. ahead of早于；在……前面e.g.: Since many of da Vinci’s inventions were far ahead of their time, they were only tested hundreds of years later.4. either way两者都一样e.g.: Either way, da Vinci’s diaries can only be read with a mirror because everything is written backwards.Lesson 8 Good or Bad?名词Nouns1. weapon武器e.g.: He was charged with carrying an offensive weapon.2. position观点；位置e.g.: I support the position that scientists need to quickly increase the number of new inventions.3. response回答，回复e.g.: I received an encouraging response to my advertisement.4. power能；能量e.g.: It was a performance of great power.5. energy能量e.g.: The system produced enough energy to heat several thousand homes.6. danger危险，风险e.g.: Children’s lives are in danger every time they cross this road.7. pollution污染e.g.: This is why we need more new inventions to deal with problems like pollution.8. owner主人；所有者e.g.: Some dogs are dangerous and they even bite their owners.动词Verbs1. disagree 不同意，持不同意见e.g.: Even friends disagree sometimes.2. provide提供e.g.: We are here to provide a service for the public.3. pollute污染e.g.: The river has been polluted with toxic waste from local factories.4. bite咬e.g.: There must be a reason why a dog bites.5. blame责怪e.g.: As dog owners, they should find out the problem instead of blaming the dogs.形容词Adjectives1. nuclear 核能的e.g.: Some inventions bring serious problems, for example, nuclear power.2. involved有关的e.g.: We’ll make our decision and contact the people involved.副词Adverbs1. moreover 此外，而且e.g.: A talented artist, he was, moreover, a writer of some note.兼类词Words with Multiple Part of Speech1. debate n.辩论v.辩论e.g.: Andrew and Jenny are having a debate in English class.短语Expressions1. cut down 减少；砍倒e.g.: I think we should cut down on the number of new inventions.2. traffic jam堵车e.g.: There are so many traffic jams.Lesson 9 Creative Minds名词Nouns1. earmuff耳罩e.g.: He then connected them with a steel headband and the first earmuffs were invented!2. Wristies手腕套e.g.: She created the first pair of Wristies as she wanted to keep her wrists warm and dry.3. popsicle冰棍，冰棒e.g.: Popsicle were invented by 11-year-old Frank Epperson in 1905.4. treat乐趣，乐事e.g.: More than a hundred years later, popsicles are still one of the best summer treats!5. thinking思考e.g.: After some thinking, Greenwood made wire into two circles and asked his grandmother to sew fur on them.6. wire金属丝e.g.: He bent the wire into the shape of a square.7. fur（动物的）皮毛；软毛e.g.: The animal is hunted for its fur.8. steel钢e.g.: There is no quick fix for the steel industry.9. headband头带，束发带e.g.: That’s her headband over there.10. tube管，管子e.g.: She found some small clear plastic tubes at home.11. mitten连指手套e.g.: While some kids just complain when snow gets in their mittens and their hands get wet, 10-year-old Kathryn Gregory decided to do something about it.12. wrist手腕e.g.: I felt her nails sink into my wrist.13. business公司；生意e.g.: She also started a business, with her parents’ help, which she still runs today.动词Verbs1. invent 发明，创造e.g.: I want to invent a pen that can write fast when I dictate.2. ice-skate滑冰e.g.: When 15-year-old Chester Greenwood was ice-skating in Farmington, Maine, in 1873, his ears were so cold that he couldn’t bear it.3. cover盖；覆盖e.g.: Although he tried covering his head in a scarf, it was not comfortable.4. sew缝，做针线活e.g.: My mother taught me how to sew.5. fit可容纳；适合e.g.: Although the tiny tubes were usually filled with water to keep flowers fresh, she found that they fit tightly around the crayons.6. run经营；跑e.g.: He has no idea how to run a business.形容词Adjectives1. broken 破损的；出了毛病的e.g.: When 11-year-old Cassidy Goldstein needed crayons for a school project, she had a hard time because there were so many small or broken ones.副词Adverbs1. tightly 紧紧地e.g.: He held on tightly to her arm.兼类词Words with Multiple Part of Speech1. stir n., v.搅动，搅拌e.g.: He forgot a drink of juice and left it with a stir stick in it outside on a cold night.短语Expressions1. crayon holder 蜡笔套e.g.: This is how she invented Crayon Holders.Communication Workshop名词Nouns1. laser激光e.g.: Since there is a big difference between Chinese and English writing systems, laser typesetting for the Chinese language was a serious problem for scientists all over the world.2. typesetting排版e.g.: In 1975, he began searching laser typesetting and electronic publishing systems for Chinese.3. developer开发者，研制者e.g.: He is believed to be the second most important developer in printing Chinese after Bi Sheng.4. publishing出版e.g.: It has been extremely helpful to the Chinese newspaper publishing industry.5. industry产业；工业e.g.: The industry today is nothing to what it once was.形容词Adjectives1. modern 当代的，现代的e.g.: He was not only a great modern scientist but also a great role model for many young people.短语Expressions1. come up with 想出，找到e.g.: For this reason, he decided to try to come up with a solution.。

一.阅读理解(50%)Section Aa.会议通知(Call for Papers) T/F 10%b.文献T/F 10%Section Bc.文献排序15%Section Cd.文献简答题15%二.翻译(30%)Section Aa.英译汉15%Section Bb.汉译英15%三.学术英语写作20%Case 1: 开幕词P139, P141Case 2: 闭幕词P143 (E1-book)Case 3: 投稿信P75 (E2-book): 附上论文的标题; 介绍研究方法(假设)(1-2句); 介绍研究结果(3-4句); 研究的意义与价值; we believe…; 日期.Case 4: 回函P86 E2-book.附录A 英译汉,汉译英题目1. P5A helpful image is to think about submitting a manuscript to an international journal as a way of participating in the international scientific community. You are, in effect, joining an international conversation. To join this conversation, you need to know what has already been said by the other people conversing. In other words, you need to understand the cutting edge of your scientific discipline: what work is being done now by the important players in the field internationally. This means:向国际学术杂志投稿有助于进入国际学术界，事实上你加入了国际间的交流。