国际贸易实务名词翻译

1、FOBFOB-是Free On Board(…named port of shipment)的简写，即船上交货（…指定装运港），习惯称为装运港船上交货。

按此术语成交，由买方负责派船接运货物，卖方应在合同规定的装运港和规定的期限内，将货物装上买方指派的船只，并及时通知买方，货物在装船时完成交货，风险即由卖方转移至买方。

FOB 是国际贸易中最常用的贸易术语之一。

2、CIFCIF，英文全称为Cost ,Insurance and Freight (….named port of des tination)，即成本加保险费、运费（….指定目的港），指卖方须将货物按照合同规定装上船并负责运输和保险及其费用；与FOB术语一样，CIF 亦是只适用于水上运输,也是国际贸易中最常用的贸易术语之一。

3、贸易术语又称价格术语，它是在国际贸易中用以表示商品的价格构成，以及买卖双方在商品交接过程中有关风险责任和费用划分问题的以文字或缩写字母组成的专门用语。

国际商会在《2000年国际贸易术语解释通则》（以下简称《通则》）中规定了13种贸易术语。

其中最常用的装运港船上交货的贸易术语有3种：FOB、CIF、CFR，向承运人交货的常用贸易术语也有3种：FCA、CPT、CIP。

4、共同海损是指载货的船舶在海上遇到灾害事故，威胁到船货等各方的共同安全，为了解除这种威胁，维护船货安全，或者使航行得以继续，由船方有意识地合理地采取措施，造成某些特殊损失或付出某些额外特殊费用；这些损失和费用叫共同海损。

这种共同海损应由船、货等各有关获得好处的方面，按各方最后获救价值的比例分摊，称之为共同海损分摊。

5、定牌即定牌中性包装，又称定牌生产，指卖方按买方要求在其出售的商品包装上标明买方指定的商标或牌号。

这是为了适应世界上许多国家的超级市场、大百货公司和专业商店对其经常出售的商品，都要标有本商店使用的商标或牌号（商号）的销售方式所需而产生的一种包装方式。

1．International Settlement 国际结算2．International Customs 国际惯例3．booklet of authorized signatures 签字样本4．test key 密押5．Correspondent Bank代理行6．SWIFT 环球银行金融电讯协会1．bill of exchange 汇票2．b anker’s draft 银行汇票3．commercial bill 商业汇票4．banker’s acceptance bill 银行承兑汇票5．trader’s acceptance bill 商业承兑汇票6．documentary bill 跟单汇票7．clean bill 光票8．sight draft，demand draft 即期汇票9．time bill，usance bill 远期汇票10．drawer，payee，drawee 出票人，收款人，付款人；11．endorsement 背书12．acceptance 承兑13．without recourse 免于追索14．notice of dishonour 拒付通知15．protest 拒绝证书16．promissory note 本票17．cheque / check 支票18．cash cheque 现金支票19．cheque for transfer 转帐支票20．crossed check 划线支票1．T/T：Telegraphic Transfer，电汇2．M/T：Mail Transfer，信汇3．D/D：Banker's Demand Draft，票汇4．O/A：Open Account，赊销交易5．CAD：Cash against documents，交单付现6．B/O：By order of，汇款人1．Remittance：汇款2．payment order：汇款委托书3．M/T advice：信汇委托书4．telegraphic transfer：电汇5．banker's demand draft：票汇6．mail transfer：信汇1．Financial Documents金融单据2．Commercial Documents 商业单据3．Collection 托收4．Principal 委托人5．Remitting Bank 托收行6．Collecting Bank 代收行7．Clean Collection光票托收8．Documentary C ollection 跟单托收9．Documents against Payment 付款交单10．Documents against Acceptance 承兑交单11．Trust Receipt 信托收据12．Outward Bills 出口押汇13．Uniform Rules for Collection 托收统一规则14．Documentary Bill for Collection 跟单托收1．Documentary Credit 跟单信用证2．Cover Letter或Bill of Purchase 寄单面函3．Credit Opened by Mail 信开本信用证4．Credit Opened by Teletransmission 电开本信用证5．Operative Instrument 有效文本6．Expiry Date and Plac e 有效日期和地点7．Nominated Bank 指定银行8．Partial Shipment 分批装运9．Special Condition 特别条款10．Discrepancy 不符点11．Issuing Bank 开证行12．Applicant 申请人13．Advising Bank 通知行14．Beneficiary 受益人15．Negotiating Bank 议付行16．Confirming Bank 保兑行17．Reimbursing Bank 偿付行18．Sight Payment Credit 即期付款信用证19．Deferred Payment Credit 迟期付款信用证20．Acceptance Credit 承兑信用证21．Confirmed Credit 保兑信用证22．Usance Credit Payable at Sight 假远期信用证23．Anticipatory Credit 预支信用证24．Transferable Credit 可转让信用证25．Back to Back Credit 背对背信用证26．Reciprocal Credit 对开信用证27．Revolving Credit 循环信用证28．Strict Compliance 严格相符29．Substantial Compliance 实质相符30．Fraud Exception Principle 欺诈例外原则五、将下列英文译成中文1．Independent guarantee：独立性保函2．Accessory Guarantee：从属性保函3．reissuing bank：转开行4．counter-guarantor：反担保人5．Standby letter of credit：备用信用证六、将下列英文译成中文1．International Factoring 国际保理2．Credit Control 信用销售控制3．Collection of Receivables 带收账款4．Financed Factoring 融资保理5．Non-Financed Factoring非融资保理6．Maturity Factoring 到期保理7．Non-Recoursed Factoring无追索权保理8．Recoursed Factoring 有追索权保理9．Disclosed Factoring公开型保理10．Undisclosed Factoring 隐蔽型保理11．Two Factor System双保理商保理型式12．Single Factor System 单保理商保理型式13．Maintenance of Sales Ledger 销售账务管理14．Protection for buyer's Credit 信用担保15．Export Trade Finance 贸易融资16．Application for a Credit Approval 信用额度申请表1．Commercial Invoice 商业发票2．Transport Documents 运输单据3．Insurance Documents 保险单据4．Receipt Invoice 收妥发票5．Shipping Mark 唛头6．Ocean Bill of Lading 海运提单7．Shipped B/L 已装船提单8．Received for Shipment B/L 备运提单9．Transshipment B/L 转船提单10．Through B/L 联运提单11．Direct B/L 直达提单12．Order B/L 指示提单13．Anti-dated B/L 倒签提单14．Non-negotiable Sea Waybill 不可转让海运单15．Air Waybill 空运运单16．Master Air Waybill 主运单17．Cargo Receipt，C/R 承运货物收据18．Parcel Post Receipt 邮包收据19．Insurance Policy 正式保险单20．Multimodal Transport Document 多式运输单据21．Insurance Certificate 保险凭证22．Open Policy 预约保险单23．Insurance Declaration 保险声明24．Cover Note, Binder 暂保单25．Certificate of Origin 原产地证明书26．Inspection Certificate 检验证明书。

国际贸易实务术语总结国际贸易实务术语总结1：出口1.1 出口商（Exporter）出口商是指从一个国家或地区将产品或服务销售到另一个国家或地区的企业或个人。

1.2 出口贸易（Export Trade）出口贸易是指出口商将产品或服务销售到其他国家或地区，并从中获取收入的商业活动。

1.3 货物出口（Goods Export）货物出口是指出口商将实际物品出口到其他国家或地区进行销售。

1.4 服务出口（Service Export）服务出口是指出口商将服务项目（如技术支持、咨询等）提供给其他国家或地区的客户并从中获取收入。

2：进口2.1 进口商（Importer）进口商是指从一个国家或地区购买产品或服务并引入另一个国家或地区的企业或个人。

2.2 进口贸易（Import Trade）进口贸易是指进口商购买产品或服务并引入本国或地区，为本国或地区提供商品和服务的商业活动。

2.3 货物进口（Goods Import）货物进口是指进口商购买其他国家或地区生产的实际物品，并将其引入本国或地区。

2.4 服务进口（Service Import）服务进口是指进口商购买其他国家或地区提供的服务项目，并引入本国或地区使用。

3：国际贸易条件（Incoterms）国际贸易条件是由国际商会（ICC）制定的一套国际贸易术语，规定了进口和出口交货中各方的权利和责任，包括责任的划分、货物交付的时间和地点以及相关费用的分担等。

4：海关术语4.1 海关（Customs）海关是负责管理和监督进出口商品、物品和信息的机构。

4.2 进口关税（Import Duty）进口关税是指进口商品需缴纳的税费，由进口商支付给海关。

4.3 出口关税（Export Duty）出口关税是指出口商品需缴纳的税费，由出口商支付给海关。

4.4 进口限制（Import Restrictions）进口限制是指针对某些特定产品实施的限制或禁止进口的政策措施。

4.5 出口限制（Export Restrictions）出口限制是指针对某些特定产品实施的限制或禁止出口的政策措施。

精心整理国际贸易实务英文名词解释（英to英）What’s International Trade?The international trade is the exchange of goods and services produced in one country for goods andany collecting vehicle.FASFree alongside ship means that the seller delivers when the goods are placed alongside the vessel at named port ofshipment. This means that the buyer has to bear all costs and risks of the goods from that moment.FOBFree on Board means the seller delivers when the goods pass the ship’s rail at the named port of shipment. ThisFCA, Free carrier (…Named place)It means that the seller fulfils his obligation to deliver when he has handed over the goods, cleared for export, into the custody of the carrier named by the buyer at the named place or point. If no precise point is indicated by thebuyer, the seller may choose within the place or range stipulated where the carrier shall take charge of the goods. When, according to commercial practices, the seller’s assistance is required in making the contract with the carrier, the seller may act at the buyer’s risk andIt means that the seller has the same obligations as under CPT but with the addition that the seller has to procure cargo insurance against the buyer’s risk of, loss of, or damage to the goods during the carriage.The seller contracts for insurance and pays theinsurance premium.? ???????DES, Delivered Ex Ship(…named port of destination) 船上交货（…指定目的港）It means that the seller shall make the goods available to the buyer on board the ship at the destination named inplace in the country of importation. The seller has to bear all the costs and risks involved in bringing the goods there, as well as the cost and risk of carrying out customs formalities for export. The buyer has to pay any additional costs and bear any risks caused by his failure to clear thegoods for import in time.DDP，Delivered Duty Paid(…named place of destination)完税后交货（…指定目的地）It means that the seller fulfils his obligation to deliver when the goods have been made available at the namedQuality of goodsThe quality of goods refers to the outward appearance and the essential quality of the goods, such as shape, structure, color, flavors well as chemical composition, physical and mechanical property, biological feature, etc.Ininternational trade, quality of the goods not only concerns the value in use and the price of the goods, but also concerns the sales of the goods and credit standing of the manufacturer. Sale by samples. ?The sample refers to the article which can be used tokindsSale by specification:（凭规格买卖）The specification of the goods refers to certain main indicators which indicate the quality of the goods, such as composition, content, purity, size, length, etc.Sale by grade: （凭等级买卖）The grade of the goods refers to the classifications of the commodity of the goods which is indicated by words, numbers or symbols. The classifications are usually decided by different qualities, weights, compositions,whose origins are well- known all over the world.Sale by description: 凭说明书和图样买卖The quality of some commodities, such as technological instruments, electric machines, etc. can not be simply indicated by quality indexes, instead it is quitenecessary to explain in detail the structure, material, performance as well as method of operation. If necessary, pictures, photos, etc. must also be provided. Quality Tolerance品质公差The quality tolerance is used in the trade of industrialcomponent parts of commodity production. Generally speaking, only packed commodities can enter into the circulation field, and attain the commercial value and use value of the goods. Packing can protect commodity and keep it good in quality and intact in quantity in the circulationprocess.Neutral packing and brand designated by the buyer??? 中性包装和定牌It means that there is neither a name of the origin, nor a name of the factory, nor a trade? mark, a brand, or evenShipping mark: 运输标志这种标志又称唛头，通常是由一个简单的几何图形和一些字母、数字及简单的丈字组成。

国际贸易实务英文名词解释英to英国际贸易实务英文名词解释英to英1. 货物品质：货物本质性的质量和外观形态。

2. 凭样品买卖：买卖双方约定以样品作为交货品质依据的买卖方式。

3. 品质条款的基本内容：货物品名、规格、等级、标准或商标、牌名或产地等。

4. 溢短装条款：在买卖合同中的数量条款中明确可以增减的百分比，但增减幅度以不超过数量的百分比为限。

5%（国际贸易规定）5. 约量：在交货数量前加“约”字的规定机动幅度方式。

6. 中性包装：指在商品包装上和商品本身，不注明生产国别和原产地的商品包装。

7. 定牌：指按买方要求在出口商品和包装上使用买方指定的商标或牌名的做法。

8. 国际贸易术语：是指用一个简短的概念或简短的外文缩写字母表明货物价格的构成和买卖双方各自承担的责任、费用和保险，交货方式和地点。

9. FOB：卖方在合同规定的日期或期间内，在指定的装运港将货物装到买方派来的船上，并负责办理出口清关手续。

10. CIF：卖方在合同规定的时间内租船订舱支付运费并负责支付保险费，在指定装运港运至指定目的港。

11. 背书：即签字，标志着货物所有权转移及保险权利的转移。

12. CFR：卖方在合同规定的期限内负责租船订舱支付运费，买方负责办理货物运输保险，卖方在合同规定的装运港，将货物装船运至指定目的港。

13. FCA：指卖方在合同规定的交货期间内将货物交给买方指定的承运人接管，卖方负责出口清关手续，风险转移以货物在起运地交给承运人接管为止。

14. CPT：指卖方在合同规定的交货期间内，同承运人签订运输合同并在指定的交货地点，将货物交给承运人接管，卖方负责办理出口、进口手续。

15. CIP：是指卖方在合同规定的期间内同承运人签订运输合同，并将货物交给承运人接管，卖方负责办理货物运输保险。

16. 佣金（C）：中间商因介绍买卖而取得的报酬。

17. 折扣（R）：卖方按原价格给买方一定比例的减让。

一方给另一方单方面的价格。

国际贸易实务术语总结国际贸易实务术语总结一：贸易术语1. 出口（Export）: 指将商品、服务或资本从一个国家出售到另一个国家。

2. 进口（Import）: 指从一个国家购买并引入商品、服务或资本。

3.贸易逆差（Trade deficit）: 当一个国家的进口超过其出口时，经济上出现贸易逆差。

4.贸易顺差（Trade surplus）: 当一个国家的出口大于进口时，经济上出现贸易顺差。

5.关税（Tariff）: 是对进出口商品征收的税费，可以用来控制进口、保护本国产业或增加收入。

6.关税配额（Tariff quota）: 是限制特定商品进口数量的措施，通常在达到配额后需支付更高的关税。

7.非关税壁垒（Non-tariff barrier）: 是指非关税形式的贸易限制，包括配额、进口许可、技术标准等。

8.自由贸易区（Free Trade Area）: 是指一组国家通过降低或取消关税和非关税壁垒来促进自由贸易的区域。

9.关税同盟（Customs Union）: 是自由贸易区的一种更深度的一体化形式，成员国在对外贸易时实行统一的关税政策。

10.最惠国待遇（Most Favoured Nation treatment）: 是指一个国家给予其他国家的最优惠贸易条件，不能对某个国家给予更好的贸易待遇。

二：国际支付术语1.信用证（Letter of Credit）: 是银行以买方为指示人，在购买商品后为卖方提供保付款项的文件。

2.跟单信用证（Documentary Letter of Credit）: 除了支付任务，还要求卖方提供与货物相关的文件，如提单、装箱单等。

3.保函（Bank Guarantee）: 是银行为了保证某人或企业履行合同、支付款项等义务而出具的书面保证。

4.电汇（Telegraphic Transfer）: 是一种通过银行电子转账方式进行的国际支付。

5.托收（Collection）: 是一种付款方式，出口商通过银行要求进口商支付，银行收取费用并帮助卖方收款。

国际贸易实务常用词汇英汉对照②Ιyαω国际贸易实务常用词汇(英汉对照) ②20XX年05月19日Ffailure to deliver risk 交货不到险fair average quality (F.A.Q) 良好平均品质false bill of lading (false B/L) 伪造提单finance lease 融资租赁financial documents 资金单据fire risk extension clause-for storage of cargo at destination HongKong ,including Kowloon, or Macao(F.R.E.C) 货物出口到香港(包括九龙)或澳门寸仓火险责任扩展条款first beneficiary 第一收益人fixed price 固定价fixed scale rogalty 固定提成率flexible container 柔性集装袋FOB liner term FOB班轮条件FOB stowed(FOBS) FOB包括理舱FOB stowed and trimmed(F.O B.S.T) FOB包括平舱和理舱FOB trimmed(FOBT) FOB包括平舱FOB under tackle FOB钓钩下交货FOB vessel(---named port of shipment)指定运港船上交货Food and Drug Administration(FDA) 美国食品及药品管理局for reference only 仅供参考force majeure 不可抗力force majeure clause 不可抗力条款fortuitous accidents 意外事故forward price 期货价格forward cargo receipt(FCR) 运输代理人的承运货物收据forwarding agents 发货代理或货运代理foul bill of lading(foul B/l) 不清单提单franchise 相对免赔率free all average(F-A-A) 不计一切海损free alongside ship(---named port of shipment)(FAS) 船边交货(---指定装运港)free carrier(---named place)(FCA) 货交承运人(---指定地点)free from particular average (F-P-A) 平安险free in(F-I) 船方官卸不管装free in and out(F-I-O) 船房不管装和卸free in and out, stowed and trimmed(F-I-O-S-T) 船方不管装卸,理舱和平舱free on board(---named port of shipment) 装运港船上交货(---指定装运港)free out 船方管装不管卸free perimeter 自由边境区free port 自由港free trade zone 自由贸易区freight agent 货运代理人freight bill 运费帐单freight manifest 运费舱单freight prepaid 运费已付freight to collect 运费到付freight ton 运费吨fresh water and /or rain damage(F-W-R-D) 淡水雨淋险fresh water road line 淡水载重线frustration of contract 合同落空full cable 全电本full container load(F-C-L) 整箱货full packed 全部包装full payout 完全付清fill set bill of lading(full set B/L) 全套提单full set of clean on board bill of lading made out toorder and endorsed in blank 全套清洁已装船作成凭指示和空白背书的提单fundamental breach 根本违反合同future contract 期货合同futures market 期货市场future transaction 期货交易Ggeneral additional 一般附加险General Administration of Civil Aviation China(AAC) 中国民航总局general agency 总代理general agent 总代理人general average(G-A) 共同海损general average contribution 共同海损分摊general conditions of delivery of goods 交货共同条件general terms and conditions 一般交易条件generalized system of preference certificate of origin Form A(G-S-P Form A) 普惠制产地证格式AGeneva uniform law on cheque 日内瓦统一支票法规Good merchantable quality(G-M-Q) 上好可销品质goods quality 商品品质grade of goods 商品等级grane back 技术反馈green clause credit 绿条款信用证gross bills of lading weight 毛提单货量gross for net 以毛作净gross registered tonnage(G-R-T) 注册总吨gross terms 船方担负装卸费grounded 搁浅groundage bill of lading 成组提单guarantee letter of credit(guarantee L/C) 担保信用证,保证信用证guarantor 保证人gunny bags 麻袋HHamburg Rules 海牙规则Hard ware硬件heavy lift additional超重附加费heavy weather恶劣气候hedging 套期保植hire purchase租购式租赁hook damage 钩损险house air way bill 分运单house bill of lading 运输代理行提单IImmediate shipment 立即装运import declaration 进口申请书import duty risk 进口关税险importer 进口人indent 订单indicative marks 指示性标志industrial activity 实用性industrial property 工业产权initial payment 初付费,入门费initial price 初步价格injured party 受害方inland depot 内陆货运站inland extended cover 内陆附加险inland waterway bill of landing 内陆提单inspection and claim clause检验与索赔条款Inspection Certificate of Health 健康检验证书Inspection Certificate of Origin 产地检验证书Inspection Certificate of Quality 品质检验证书Inspection Certificate of Quantity 数量检验证书Inspection Certificate of Value 价值检验证书Inspection Certificate of Weight 重量检验证书Inspection Certificate on Cargo Weight and Measurement 货物衡量证书Inspection Certificate on damaged Cargo 验残检验证书Inspection Certificate on Tank /Hold 验舱证书Inspection of goods 货物检验Institute Cargo clauses(ICC) 协会货物险条款Institute Cargo clauses A(ICC(A)) 协会货物(A)险条款Institute Cargo clauses B(ICC(B)) 协会货物(B)险条款Institute Cargo clauses C(ICC(C)) 协会货物(C)险条款Institute strikes clauses-Cargo 协会罢工险条款(货物)Institute War clauses-Cargo 协会战争险条款(货物)Insurable interest 保险利益;可保权益Insurance certificate 保险凭证Insured amount 保险金额Insurer 承保人;保险人Intellectual property 知识产权Interim measures of protection 保全措施又称临时保护措施International Chamber of Commerce(ICC) 国际商会International code of conduct on the technology transfer 国际技术转让行动守则International competitive bidding 国际竞争性招标International combined transport国际多式联运International express mail service(EMS) 国际特快专递International multimodal transport 国际多式联运International railway through transport 国际铁路货物联运International rules for the interpretation of tradeterms(INCOTERMS) <国际贸易术语解释通则>International standard organization 国际标准化组织International trading certificate(ITC) 国际贸易证书Intrinsic quality 商品内在素质Inventive activity 创造性Invitation to make offer 邀请发盘Invitation to tender 招标Irrespective of percentage(I-O-P) 不论损失程度Irrespective letter of credit(irrevocable L/C) 不可撤消信用证Issue 出票Issuing bank 开证行Insurance policy 保险单Insurance value 保险价值JJapanese Industrial Standard(JIS) 日本工业标准Jettison and/or washing over board 抛掷,海水冲击险KKite mark 风筝标志Knocked-down in carloads 拆散成整车皮装货物Knocked-down shipment (货物)分运Know how 专有技术LLand bridge transport 大陆桥运输Landed terms 起货条件Landing account 卸货报告Landing quality ,weight as final 以到岸品质,重量为准Landing weight 卸货重量,到岸重量Last pay certificate 最后付款证明书Late acceptance 逾期接受Law and practice 法律惯例Lay time 装卸时间Lay days date 受载时间Leakage risk 渗漏险Lease trade 租赁贸易Licensor’s share on licensee’s profit(LSLP) 利润分成原则Legal net weight 法定净重Legal weight 法定重量Less than container load(LCL) 拼箱货Lessee 承担人Lessor 出租人Letter of credit(L/C) 信用证Letter of guarantee(L/G) 银行保证函Letter telegramme 书信电报Leverage lease 杠杆租赁Licensing 许可证贸易Licensing agreement 许可证协议Lien 扣押权Light displacement 空船排水量或清排水量Liner 班轮Liner shipping 班轮运输Liner terms 班轮条件,船方负担装卸费Liner’ s freight tariff 班轮运价表Liquidated damages 预定损害赔偿Litigation 诉讼Load line 船舶载重线Loaded displacement 满载排水量或重排水量或总排水量Loading list 装货清单Local freight agent 当地运输代理商Local vanning 当地装箱Log book 航行日志London Metal Exchange 伦敦五金交易所London Stock Exchange 伦敦证券交易所Long form bill of lading(long from B/L) 全式提单Long length additional 超长附加费Loss and/or damage caused by breakage of packing 包装破裂险Lot tolerance rate 批内允许破损率Lot tolerance defective 批内允许次品费Lowest price limit 最低售价Lump sum payment 一次总算MMail confirmation to follow 随寄证实书Mail credit 信开信用证Mail transfer(M/T) 信汇Main mark 主要标志Major causes 重大意外事故Malicious damage clauses 恶意损害险条款Manufacture’s certificate of or igin 生产商原产地证明书Manufacture’s invoice 厂商发票Marine bill of lading 海运提单Marine insurance policy 水运保险单Marker capacity 标定容量Master airway bill民航运单Master Card 万事达卡Master document 总单证Master receipt 大副收据Material breach 重大违约Mate’s receipt 大副收据Measurement and weight mark 体重和重量标志Measurement cargo 轻货Measurement list 尺码单Measurement ton(M/T) 尺码吨Memorandum 备忘录Method of dispatching documents 寄单方法’ Method of reimbursement 所汇方法Mildew proof packaging 防霉包装Mini land bridge(M-L-B) 小路桥Minimum bill of lading(minimum B/L) 起码提单Minimum freight 起码运费Minimum premium 最低保险费Minimum rate 起码费率Minimum weight 最低重量Minor breach 轻微违法Mixed agreement 混合协议Mixed policy 混合保险单Mode of shipment运输方式Money of account 计价货币Money of payment 支付货币More or less clause 溢短装条款Multimode transport documents(MTO) 多式联运单据Multimode transport operator(MTO) 多式联运经营人Multiple country declaration 多国家产地声明书NName of commodity 品名National harbors 天然港Natural calamity 自然灾害Negotiable calamity 流通证券Negotiated bidding 谈判招标Negotiating bank 议付行Negotiation 议付0Negotiation letter of credit 议付通行证Net bills of lading weight 净提单货量Net dead weight 净载重量Net net weight 净净重Net registered tonnage(NRT) 注册净吨Net weight 净重Neutral invoice 中性发票Neutral packing 中性包装New York Commodity Exchange 纽约商品交易所No commercial value(N-C-V) 无商业价值No mark(N/M) 无唛头No orders(N/O) 无指示,无定单,不指定人Non-acceptance(N/A) 拒绝承兑,拒绝接受Non-automatic revolving letter of credit Non-base port 非自动循环信用证Non-commercial technology transfer 非基本港Non-cumulative revolving letter of credit 非商业性技术转让Non-payout 非累计循环信用证Non-vessel operating carrier(NV OC) 不完全付清Non-vessel operating common carrier(NVOC C) 无船承运人Non-vessel owning common carrier(NVOCC)无船承运人Notice of abandonment 委付通知Notice of readiness 备装通知Notify party 被通知人Notifying bank 通知行Novelty 新颖性Nuded cargo 裸装货物、。

国际贸易实务英文名词解释(英to英）What's International Trade?The international trade is the exchange of goods and services produced in one country for goods and services producedin another country.EXPORTINGExporting is the process of earning money by providing the right product at the right price at the right time in the right place beyond your home boundary. The ultimate goal is to make sure that the exporter is to be paid for the goods he sells.EXWEXW means the seller delivers when he places the goods at the disposal of the buyer at the seller’s premises (法定地址）or another named place。

The seller doesn’t not declare the goods for export and he needn't load goods on any collecting vehicle.FASFree alongside ship means that the seller delivers when the goods are placed alongside the vessel at named port of shipment. This means that the buyer has to bear all costs and risks of the goods from that moment。

国际贸易实务英文名词解释（英to英）国际贸易实务英文名词解释（英to英）What’s International Trade?The international trade is the exchange of goods and services produced in one country for goods and services produced in another country.EXPORTINGExporting is the process of earning money by providing the right product at the right price at the right time in the right place beyond your home boundary. The ultimate goal is to make sure that the exporter is to be paid for the goods he sells.EXWEXW means the seller delivers when he places the goods at the disposal of the buyer at the seller’s premises (法定地址) or another named place. The seller doesn’t not declare the goods for export and he needn’t load goods on any collect ing vehicle.FASFree alongside ship means that the seller delivers when the goods are placed alongside the vessel at named port of shipment. This means that the buyer has to bear all costs and risks of the goods from that moment.FOBFree on Board means the seller de livers when the goods pass the ship’s rail at the named port of shipment. This means that the buyer has to bear all the costs and risks from that point. The FOB terms require the seller to clear the goods for export.CFRCost and freight means that the seller delivers when the goods pass ship’s rail at the named port of shipmentCIFCIF means that the seller bears the same obligations as under CFR. In additional that he has to procure marine insurance against the buyer’s risk of loss or damage to the goods during the carriage. The seller contracts for insurance and pay the insurance premium.FCA, Free carrier (…Named place)It means that the seller fulfils his obligation to deliver when he has handed over the goods, cleared for export, into the custody of the carrier named by the buyer at the named place or point. If no precise point is indicated by the buyer, the seller may choose within the place or range stipulated where the carrier shall take charge of the goods. When, according to commercial practices, the seller’s assistance is required in making the contract with the carrie r, the seller may act at the buyer’s risk and expenses.CPT, Carriage paid to (…named place of destination) 运费付至（…指定目的地）It means that the seller pays the freight for the carriage of the goods to the named destination, the risk of, loss of, or damage to the goods, as well as any additional costs due to events occurring after the time the goods have been delivered to the carrier, is transferred from the seller to the buyer when the goods have been delivered into the custody of the carrier.CIP, Carriage and insurance paid to (…named place of destination) 运费保险费付至（…指定目的地）It means that the seller has the same obligations as under CPT but with the addition that the seller has to procure cargo insurance against the buyer’s risk of, loss of, or damage to the goods during the carriage. The seller contracts for insurance andpays the insurance premium.DES, Delivered Ex Ship(…named port of destination) 船上交货（…指定目的港）It means that the seller shall make the goods available to the buyer on board the ship at the destination named in the sales contract. The seller has to bear the full cost and risks involved in bringing the goods there.DEQ, Delivered ex Quay(…names port of destination) 码头交货（…指定目的港）It means that the seller makes the goods available to the buyer on the quay at the destination named in the sales contract. The seller has to bear the full cost and risks involved on bringing the goods there.DDU, Delivered Duty Unpaid (…named pl ace of destination) 未完税交货（…指定目的地）It means that the seller fulfils his obligation to deliver when the goods have been made available at the named place in the country of importation. The seller has to bear all the costs and risks involved in bringing the goods there, as well as the cost and risk of carrying out customs formalities for export. The buyer has to pay any additional costs and bear any risks caused by his failure to clear the goods for import in time.DDP，Delivered Duty Paid(…named place of destin ation)完税后交货（…指定目的地）It means that the seller fulfils his obligation to deliver when the goods have been made available at the named place in the country of importation. The seller has to bear all the risks and costs including duties, taxes and other charges for delivering the goods, clearing for importation. It represents the maximum obligation borne by the seller.DAF, Delivered At Frontier (…named place) 边境交货（…指定地点）It means that the seller fulfils his obligation to deliver whenthe goods have been made available, cleared for export, at the named point of place at the frontier, but before the customs border of the country named in the sales contract.Quality of goodsThe quality of goods refers to the outward appearance and the essential quality of the goods, such as shape, structure, color, flavors well as chemical composition, physical and mechanical property, biological feature, etc.In international trade, quality of the goods not only concerns the value in use and the price of the goods, but also concerns the sales of the goods and credit standing of the manufacturer.Sale by samples.The sample refers to the article which can be used to represent the quality of the whole lot. Sale by sample includes tree cases, i.e., sale by the seller’s sample and sale, sale by the buyer’s sample and sale by counter sampleSale by actual quality:（以实际品质交货）In this case, the buyer or his agent examines the goods at seller’s place at first. After they conclude a deal, the seller shall deliver the goods according to the goods examined.Sale by description:（以说明表示）In international business, most commodities are suitable to sale by description which can be subdivided into 7 kinds Sale by specification:（凭规格买卖）The specification of the goods refers to certain main indicators which indicate the quality of the goods, such as composition, content, purity, size, length, etc.Sale by grade: （凭等级买卖）The grade of the goods refers to the classifications of the commodity of the goods which is indicated by words, numbersor symbols. The classifications are usually decided by different qualities, weights, compositions, appearances, properties, etc.Sale by standard: （凭标准买卖）The standard refers to the specifications or grades which are stipulated and announced by the government or the chambers of commerce, etc.F.A.Q.: （良好平均品质）In the international agricultural and by-product market, there is a commonly adopted standard, i.e., fair average quality. F.A.Q. refers to the average level of the export commodity within a certain period of time.Sale by brand name or trademark: 凭商标品牌买卖As to the goods whose quality is stable, reputation is sound and with which the customers are quite familiar, we may sell it by brand name or trade mark.(奔驰汽车)Sale by name of origin: 凭产地名称买卖There are some agricultural products and by-products whose origins are well- known all over the world.Sale by description: 凭说明书和图样买卖The quality of some commodities, such as technological instruments, electric machines, etc. can not be simply indicated by quality indexes, instead it is quite necessary to explain in detail the structure, material, performance as well as method of operation. If necessary, pictures, photos, etc. must also be provided.Quality T olerance品质公差The quality tolerance is used in the trade of industrial products, which means that the quality of the goods delivered by the seller is allowed to have certain differences within a certain range since such differences are usually unavoidable andcommonly accepted as the usage of the same special trade. Quality tolerance is mainly used for industrial products Quality latitude 品质机动幅度The quality latitude means that the quality indexes of the goods delivered by the seller may be controlled flexibly within a certain latitude.The packing of goodsIn international trade packing is one of the essential component parts of commodity production. Generally speaking, only packed commodities can enter into the circulation field, and attain the commercial value and use value of the goods. Packing can protect commodity and keep it good in quality and intact in quantity in the circulation process.Neutral packing and brand designated by the buyer 中性包装和定牌It means that there is neither a name of the origin, nor a name of the factory, nor a trade mark, a brand, or even any words on the packing of the commodity and the commodity itself. It includes two kinds: packing with trade mark designated by the buyer but without the mark of the manufacturers and origins packing and without trade mark and origins as well as the mark of the manufacturersBrand designated by the buyer:It means that the seller addresses the trade mark or brand on the package of the commodity or the commodity itself as buyer’s request.定牌是指卖方按买方要求在其出售的商品或包装上标明买方指定的商标或品牌，这种做法叫定牌生产。

International TradeDefinition of important terms:1. Trade bloc 贸易集团▪ An intergovernmental association of a large free trade area formed by one or more tax, tariff, and trade agreements, which manages and promotes trade activities for ▪specific region of the world.▪ Freely, or cheaply for members ▪ Barriers against non-members2. Non-tariff barrier 非关税壁垒A non-tariff barrier to import is any policy used by the government to reduce imports, other than a simple tariff on imports.3. CommodityCommodity is the article of commerce of any kind that is for sale – goods, merchandise or product.4. CIF/CFR/FOB 到岸价/ 成本+运费/ 离岸价CIF: Cost Insurance and Freight (named port of destination)CFR: Cost and Freight (named port of destination)FOB: Free On Board (named port of shipment)5. L/C见176. F.A.Q. 平均良好品质(Fair Average Quality) not particular quality specification but average quality of the current group, recent shipment.7. General average共同海损Loss or damage to a ship or its cargo that is shared among the shipowner and all the cargo owners.8. Constructive total loss（推定全损）may occur if the cargo is NOT actually lost, but is so seriously damaged as to make the goods no longer useful for the purpose for which they were originally intended.9. Neutral packing 中性包装Do not mention the name of the country producing the goods and the name of the manufacturer on the commodity and on the outer and inner packages.10. Liner 班轮The liners run fixed schedules, follow fixed routes and charge standard rates called conference rates.11. Break-even Point 收支平衡点(BEP) is the point where revenues from sales equal all costs.12. Dumping 倾销Dumping is the practice of selling products in foreign country at lower prices than those charged in the producing country13. Bill of Exchange (Draft) 汇票a written order to pay a sum of money to a particular person on a particular date. Drafts are negotiable and may be sold.14. Remittance 汇付Transfer of funds from one party to another among different countries through banks.15. D/P 付款交单Documents Against PaymentUnder D/P, the buyer can receive the shipping documents only after he has duly made the payment of the goods.16. D/A 承兑交单Documents Against AcceptanceUnder D/A, the buyer can receive the shipping documents from the collecting bank after he has duly accepted the draft.17. Letter of Credita letter from a bank that allows you to get a particular amount of money from another bank18. Collection 托收Presentation for payment of an obligation and the payment thereof19. Force Majeure 不可抗力unexpected circumstances, such as war, that can be used as an excuse when they prevent sb from doing sth that is written in a contract20. Arbitration 仲裁Arbitration is the judging of a dispute between people or groups by someone who is not involved.21. Counter-offer 还盘A counter-offer is an offer that someone makes, for example, for a house or business, in response to an offer by another person or group.22. Pro forma Invoice 形式发票A document provided prior to or with a shipment of goods (as for export) that describes the items and terms of sale but dose not have the function of a real invoice.23. Forwarder (Shipping agency) 货代A person or organization that dispatches or delivers goodsOne that forwards; especially an agent who performs services (as receiving, transshipping, or delivering) designed to move goods to their destination.Chapter5 选择A. 单选1. The term CIF should be followed by .a. point of originb. port of shipmentc. port of destinationd. port of exportation2. The term FOB should be followed by .a. point of originb. port of importationc. port of discharged. port of exportation3. The term EXW should be followed by .a. point of originb. port of shipmentc. port of importationd. port of exportation4. The term DAT should be followed by .a. point of originb. port of loadingc. port of destinationd. port of shipment5. The term FAS should be followed by .a. point of originb. port of destinationc. port of shipmentd. port of exportation6. The term CFR should be followed by .a. point of originb. port of shipmentc. port of destinationd. port of exportation7. The term DDP should be followed by .a. point of originb. port of shipmentc. port of premised. place of destination8. The term DAP should be followed by .a. point of originb. place of importationc. port of exportationd. port of shipment9. The term FCA should be followed by .a. seller's railway stationb. point of originc. seller's place of shipmentd. buyer's railway stationB. 多选Which of the following are included in the quoted price?1. The quoted price for 3 red zoom roadsters is US $ 6,000 Ex-works, Beijing.a. 3 red zoom roadstersb. freight to dockc. loading chargesd. ocean freightere. marine insurancef. unloading2. The quoted price for 12 “Butterfly” sewing machines is US $ 700 FAS, Dalian.a. 12 “Butterfly” sewing machinesb. freight to dockc. loading chargesd. ocean freighte. marine insurancef. unloading3. The quoted price for 1,000 “Panda” radios is US $10,000 CFR, Tianjin.a.1,000 “Panda” radiosb. freight to dockc. loading chargesd. ocean freighte. marine insurancef. unloading4. The quoted price for 100 pairs of shoes is US $3,000 FOB, Shanghai.a.100 pairs of shoesb. freight to dockc. loadingd. unloadinge. import duties5. The quoted price for 1 tractor is $ 5,000 CIF, Hong Kong.a.1 tractorb. transportation to dockc. loadingd. export chargese. ocean freightf. marine insuranceg. unloadingh. import dutiesChapter 6（B）mineral ore A. sample（C）ordinary garments B. manual（D）fish C. F.A.Q（E）Haier washing machines D. G.M.Q（G）medical apparatus E. famous brand（A）wheat F. specification（H）calligraphic works G. inspection（F）power plant generator H. drawing or diagramChapter 7 判断1. Under FOB, the seller must give the buyer prompt shipping advice as the goods are shipped on board the vessel.2. Demurrage is the extra charges a shipper pays for detaining a freight car or ship beyond time permitted for loading or unloading.3. Dispatch money is a fine imposed on the charter for the delay in the loading and unloading of the goods.4. Unclean B/L can be negotiated and accepted by the buyer and bank.5. A bill of lading is both a receipt for merchandise and a contract to deliver it as freight.6. Order B/L can be transferred with or without endorsement.Chapter 8判断1. In ocean marine insurance, the assured can recover more than actual loss provided that he can provide evidence of further losses contingent on the actual loss.2. In ocean marine insurance, general average is to be borne by the carrier, who may, upon presentation of evidence of the loss,' recover the loss from the insurance underwriter.3. Partial loss or damage is never recoverable with FPA.4. Special additional coverages such as war risk, strikes and so on must be taken out together with FPA and WPA.5. In essence, open policy is the same as the insurance certificate.6. Ocean marine insurance covers ships and their cargo only on the high seas and not on inland waterways.7. Without insurance, international trade is simply impossible to take place.8. Three types of risks are covered by ocean marine insurance, namely the perils of sea, the extraneous risks and the force majeure.9. Ocean marine insurance covers two types of losses, partial loss and total loss.Chapter 10Suppose a contract for the amount of US $ 845, 000 was approved for buyer' s credit up to 80% of the said amount. After disbursement, Bank of China, Head Office, Beijing would issue apromissory note on July 2, 2003 specifying that it is payable at 3 years after the above stated date to the order of Bank of Oslo, Oslo, Norway the sum of 80% of US $ 845, 000 (refundment of loan). Please make a promissory note by filling in the blanks of the following form.Promissory NoteIssued in Beijing the 2nd day of July, 2003On the 2nd day of July, 2006 fixed.We promise to pay against this Promissory Note to the order of Bank of Oslo，Norway the sum of USD 676000 (say Six Hundred and Seventy Six Thousand only). Payable in Oslo,Norway.For Bank of ChinaSignatureChapter 11ExampleEnquiry: 询盘Oct. 08th, 2015 (Enquiry)Dear Sir/Madam, we're interested in TV set model XXX. Please send us a firm offer at a favarable price.Offer: 发盘Oct 10th, 2015 (Firm Offer)Thanks for your inquiry dated Oct. 8th. We offer subject to your reply reaching us by Oct. 20th as follows: TV set model XXX, 1000 sets, packed in export cartons of one set each, shipped in 1X20' container, USD150 per set CFR Karachi, shipment before Dec. 31, 2015, Payment by Irrevocable Sight Credit.Counter-offer: 还盘Oct 13th, 2015 (Counter-offer)Referring to your e-mail of Oct. 10th, we regret to note that the price you offered is too high. We counter-offer USD130 per set CFR Karachi.Oct 16th, 2015 (Counter-offer of counter-offer)Your e-mail of 13th to hand. The best we can do is USD140 subject to your reply to us Oct. 22nd.Acceptance:Oct 16th, 2015 (Counter-offer of counter-offer)Your e-mail of 13th to hand. The best we can do is USD140 subject to your reply to us Oct. 22nd.。