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非谓语动词非谓语动词。
在英语中，不能作句子谓语，而是担任其它语法功能的动词叫做非谓语动词。
非谓语动词的时态和语态的不同形式动词不定式动名词分词主动to do doing doing（同时，主动）被动to be done being done done（被动，完成）进行主动to be doing进行被动being done进行，被动主动完成to havedone having done having done（主动，完成一般作状语)被动完成to havebeen done having beendonehaving beendone(被动，完成一般作状语）非谓语动词在句中的作用主语宾语表语补语定语状语不定式√√√√√√动名词√√√√分词√√√√一：分词(现在分词和过去分词，分别表示：主动，行进&被动，完成)1)作定语The girl standing by the window is my sister.=The girl who is standing by the window is my sister.This is a book written by a famous Chinese writer.= This is a book which was written by a famous Chinese writer.2) 作状语（一般表示时间，原因，条件，伴随）有时可将从句中when/while /unless/if 等保留(While/When)Walking in the street ,I saw her.=While/When I was walking in the street ,I saw her.（表示时间）Seen from the hill,our school looks more beautiful.=When our school is seen from the hill,it looks more beautiful.从小山上看，我们学校更美了。
非谓语动词的三种形式及用法区别一、非谓语动词的三种形式：1. 动词-ing形式：动词-ing形式具有动名词的功能，一般用来表示一个正在进行或发生的动作，以及被动含义，等。
比如：He was observed walking along the street. 他被观察到沿着街道走。
2. 动词不定式形式：动词不定式具有名词、形容词和动词的功能，常用来表示目的、动机、结果、条件、时间、让步等。
比如：To face the danger bravely is his duty. 勇敢的去面对危险是他的责任。
3. 动词的过去分词形式：动词的过去分词常用来表示完成或发生过的动作或状态，以及主句的谓语动词的被动的形式，常用结构有：Be + done/past participle (被动），Have/Get + done（完成）.比如：The machine is now ready to be used. 这台机器现在准备好被使用了。
二、非谓语动词的用法区别：1. 动词-ing形式：(1) 用作定语：形容词性短语作定语修饰名词或代词，如：He was aman working hard. 他是个努力工作的人。
(2) 用作表语：Ing 形式的短语作表语，表示一个正在进行的动作或状态，如：His job is repairing the machine. 他的工作是修理机器。
2. 动词不定式形式：(1) 作宾补：动词不定式作宾补表示“目的”，“动机”，“结果”，“条件”，“时间”，“让步”等。
如：He came here to do something for us. 他来这里为我们做一些事情。
(2) 作状语：动词不定式作状语，表示“目的”，“动机”，“条件”，“时间”，“让步”等。
如：She always goes out for a walk to relax herself. 她总是出去散步来放松自己。
非谓语动词非谓语动词包括不定式(to do)、动名词(－ing)、现在分词(－ing)与过去分词(－ed)。
它们不受主语人称和数的限制，在句子中不能充当谓语，但可以充当句子的其他成分，并且有时态和语态的变化。
动词-ing形式的要点1．-ing的形式2.-ing形式的基本用法(1)作主语：Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。
(2)作表语：Her job is washing and cooking.(3)作宾语：①作及物动词的宾语。
She likes drawing very much.②作某些短语动词的宾语。
Mary is thinking of going back to New York.③ do＋限定词(my, some, any, the等)＋v.-ing，表示“做…事”之如do some cleaning打扫卫生do some shopping购物④作介词的宾语：Her sister is good at learning physics.⑤作形容词worth, busy等的宾语：This book is well worth reading.只接动词-ing形式而不接不定式作宾语的动词有：admit 承认appreciate 感激avoid 避免put off推迟keep 保持consider 考虑delay/ postpone耽搁dislike 嫌恶resist 抵制mention 提及enjoy 喜欢escape 避免excuse 原谅practice 练习mind介意fancy想不到feel like 意欲finish 完成risk 冒险include 包括forgive 原谅give up 放弃suggest 建议miss 逃过imagine 想象can’t help 情不自禁involve 需要can’t stand无法忍受understand 理解常见的带介词to的短语：be used to 习惯be related to 与……有关get down to 着手做contribute to 贡献put one’s mind to全神贯注于give rise to 引起be equal to 胜任devote oneself to 献身于lead to 导致be opposed to 反对look forward to 盼望object to 反对stick to 坚持pay attention to 注意(4)作定语：The sleeping child is only five years old.(5)作宾语补足语：We can see steam rising from the wet clothes.可以带有这种复合宾语的动词有see, watch, hear, observe, feel, find, have, keep等。
“作定语的非谓语动词”面面观非谓语动词主要包括-ing形式、过去分词和不定式。
它们不能在句子中作谓语,而是担任其它语法功能。
它们不受句子中主语的人称和数的影响。
非谓语动词具有动词特征(有时态和语态的变化形式),又具有名词、形容词或副词的特征(在句中作主语、定语或状语等)。
下面就其作定语的常见考点进行分类和归纳。
一、-ing形式作定语-ing 形式在句中做定语时有两种情况。
1. -ing 形式和所修饰的名词在逻辑上有主谓关系,表示这个名词(人或物)的动作或状态,相当于一个定语从句。
如:These dancing girls (= these girls who are dancing) are from my class.正在跳舞的这些女孩是我班上的。
We should show respect for the working people (= the people who work).我们应该尊重劳动人民。
At 11 o’clock，please find the waiting bus (the bus which is waiting) at the entrance.十一点钟时,请在入口处找等候的公共汽车。
注意:①表示现在(或当时)的状态,变为定语从句时常用一般时态。
The temple standing (=which/that stands) on the top of the hill was built in the Ming Dynasty.坐落在山顶上的那个寺庙建于明朝。
②表示正在进行的动作,变为定语从句时要用进行时态。
Do you see the woman talking to (=who/that is talking to) the secretary？你看见那位和秘书谈话的妇女了吗?The song being broadcast (=which/that is being broadcast) is very popular with the young students.正在播放的那首歌深受青年学生的欢迎。
Nonfinitive verbs 非谓语动词（一）I.非谓语动词种类及句法功能在英语中，不作句子谓语，而具有除谓语外其他语法功能的动词，叫做非谓语动词。
非谓语动词有动词不定式（the Infinitive）；-ing分词；过去分词（the Past Participle）。
非谓语动词可以有名词作用（如动词不定式和-ing分词），在句中做主语、宾语、表语；可以有形容词作用，在句中做定语、表语或宾语补足语；非谓语动词可以有副词作用，在句中作状语。
II. -ing分词& 过去分词1. 形式：（以do为例）-ing：doing/ being done/ having dong/having been done 否定式：not + doing-ed：done 否定式：not + done2．句法功能：（1）作主语：Reading aloud is very helpful. It's no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收。
It is no use/no good/ fun/ a waste of time/ useless/ good/ worthwhile doing sth（2）作宾语：(做及物动词和介词的宾语)We have to prevent the air from being polluted.We found it no good making fun of others. 我们发现取笑他人不好。
要记住如下动词及短语只跟动名词作宾语：enjoy, finish, escape, suggest, avoid（避免）, excuse ,delay(耽搁), imagine, keep, miss, consider, admit（承认），deny（否认）, mind, permit, forbid, practise, risk（冒险）, appreciate（感激）, pardon(原谅), propose(提议), be busy, be worth, feel like, can't stand, can't help（情不自禁地）, be used to(习惯于), look forward to, object to(反对), pay attention to, insist on.（3）作表语：In the ant city, the queen's job is laying eggs.The film being shown in the cinema is exciting.They are excited about the great film.常用v-ing形式或过去分词做表语的动词有：interest, move, discourage, encourage, amuse, astonish, surprise, shock, frighten, excite, inspire, please, satisfy, tire, bore, disappoint, invite.v-ing通常表示主动或进行，过去分词表示被动或完成。
七、非谓语动词非谓语动词的语法功能注：现在分词、不定式、过去分词都可以作独立成分generally speaking一般说来；frankly speaking坦白地说；judging from/by...根据……来判断；considering.../taking...into consideration考虑到……；to tell you the truth说实话；seeing...考虑到……；supposing假设，如果；providing如果；given考虑到，鉴于；provided that如果非谓语动词的形式变化在解非谓语习题时同学们遇到最大的困难有两个：一是如何判别是谓语动词还是非谓语动词；二是如何选用哪一种非谓语动词及其恰当的形式。
一、谓语与非谓语的比较非谓语动词是汉语中没有的语言现象。
汉语中几个谓语动词连用而动词不用作任何形式的变化。
如：他明天来拜访你。
翻译成英语不是He will come visit you，而是He will come to visit you.这里就用了不定式to visit。
因此同学们要特别注意弄清句子的结构。
例：Tom sat under a tree and seeing his friend, up in no time.A. to standB. standingC. stoodD. would stand分析：stood是与sat并列的谓语。
非谓语语法功能的比较做宾语的非谓语动词比较非谓语动词做宾语补足语的区别IV. 非谓语动词做定语的区别注意：the bridge to be built 将建造的桥, the bridge being built 正在建造的桥,the bridge built已经建好的桥。
Nonfinitive verbs 非谓语动词（一）I.非谓语动词种类及句法功能在英语中，不作句子谓语，而具有除谓语外其他语法功能的动词，叫做非谓语动词。
非谓语动词有动词不定式（the Infinitive）；-ing分词；过去分词（the Past Participle）。
非谓语动词可以有名词作用（如动词不定式和-ing分词），在句中做主语、宾语、表语；可以有形容词作用，在句中做定语、表语或宾语补足语；非谓语动词可以有副词作用，在句中作状语。
II. -ing分词& 过去分词1. 形式：（以do为例）-ing：doing/ being done/ having dong/having been done 否定式：not + doing-ed：done 否定式：not + done2．句法功能：（1）作主语：Reading aloud is very helpful. It's no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收。
It is no use/no good/ fun/ a waste of time/ useless/ good/ worthwhile doing sth（2）作宾语：(做及物动词和介词的宾语)We have to prevent the air from being polluted.We found it no good making fun of others. 我们发现取笑他人不好。
要记住如下动词及短语只跟动名词作宾语：enjoy, finish, escape, suggest, avoid（避免）, excuse ,delay(耽搁), imagine, keep, miss, consider, admit（承认），deny（否认）, mind, permit, forbid, practise, risk（冒险）, appreciate（感激）, pardon(原谅), propose(提议), be busy, be worth, feel like, can't stand, can't help（情不自禁地）, be used to(习惯于), look forward to, object to(反对), pay attention to, insist on.（3）作表语：In the ant city, the queen's job is laying eggs.The film being shown in the cinema is exciting.They are excited about the great film.常用v-ing形式或过去分词做表语的动词有：interest, move, discourage, encourage, amuse, astonish, surprise, shock, frighten, excite, inspire, please, satisfy, tire, bore, disappoint, invite.v-ing通常表示主动或进行，过去分词表示被动或完成。
（4）作定语：He can't walk without a walking-stick. Our class went on an organized trip last Monday.The problem being discussed is very important. 正在被讨论的问题很重要。
The man speaking to the teacher is our monitor's father.Those elected as committee members will attend the meeting.I know the people building the house there.The house built over there is a shop. The house being built over there is a shop.boiled water_______________ boiling water__________________fallen leaves_______________ falling leaves __________________the risen sun________________ the rising sun__________________（5）作状语：表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式、伴随状况等, 分词的逻辑主语是隐含的，应该与句子的主语一致。
Having been told many times, the naughty boy made the same mistake. _________________ Having done his homework, he played basket-ball.__________________________________ Being a League member, he is always helping others. _______________________________ Playing all day, you will waste your valuable time. _________________________________ He dropped the glass, breaking it into pieces. ______________________________________ The teacher came into the lab, followed by some students. ___________________________ Praised by the neighbours, he became the pride of his parents. ________________________ Once seen, it can never be forgotten. ____________________________________________ Given more time, I'll be able to do it better. _______________________________________ （6）作宾语补足语：如下动词后可跟分词作宾语补足语：感官动词see, watch, hear, feel, notice, observe, listen to, look at, catch，使役动词find, keep, leave, have, get, make，另外还有with+宾语+分词结构。
在这些结构中，-ing分词做宾补说明宾语是动作的发出者，形成逻辑上的主谓关系，-ed分词做宾补，表示宾语是动作的承受者，形成逻辑上的动宾关系。
Can you hear her singing the song in the next room?I heard the song sung several times last week.They kept me waiting at the gate.She has us working day after day. They two had a wedding picture taken yesterday.I will have/get my bike repaired tomorrow.With the work done, they went out to play. 工作做完了，他们出去玩去了。
The boy lay on the grass, with his eyes looking at stars in the sky.III. Translate the phrases and rewrite the sentences with v-ing or the past participle.1. 一颗破碎的心a broken heart2. 鲁迅写的小说luxun ’s novel3. 吸毒成瘾的人_____________________4. 激动人心的消息an existing news5. 发展中国家________________________6. 发达国家_________________________7. The lecture was given by Professor Zhang. It is about the environment protection._____________________________________________________________________________8. The bike was stolen. It belongs to Jack._____________________________________________________________________________ 9. A woman is standing by the door. Who is she?_____________________________________________________________________________ 10. The room faces south. It is our room._____________________________________________________________________________ 11. When the stadium is seen from the top, it looks like a bird’s nest._____________________________________________________________________________ 12. Because she was interested in medicine, she decided to become a doctor._____________________________________________________________________________ 13. When ice is taken into a warm room, it soon changes into water._____________________________________________________________________________ 14. Although he was left alone at home, Sam didn’t feel afraid at all._____________________________________________________________________________ 15. Since I had worked hard all day, I was ready for bed by eight o’clock._____________________________________________________________________________ 16. As she felt sick, the woman sat down quickly._____________________________________________________________________________ 17. When I was walking in the street, I happened to meet my old friend._____________________________________________________________________________ 18. When he was asked what had happened, he told us about it._____________________________________________________________________________ IV. Multiple choice:1. The secretary worked late into the night, _________ a long speech for the president.A. preparedB. preparingC. to prepareD. was preparing2. The computer center, _________ last year, is very popular among the students in this school.A. openB. openingC. openedD. to be opened3. The s peaker raised his voice but couldn’t make himself _____.A. hearB. to hearC. hearingD. heard4. She’s upstairs, ____________ letters.A. writesB. writeC. writingD. to write5. _____ to the notice, Mary said, “ Can’t you read?”A. PointedB. PointingC. To pointD. Having pointed6. The visiting minister expressed his satisfaction with his talks, ________ that he enjoyed hisstay here.A. Having addedB. to addC. addingD. added7.__________more attention, the tree could have grown better.A. GivenB. To giveC. GivingD. Having given8. The murderer was brought in , with his hands ______ behind his back.A. tryingB. to be tiedC. tiedD. having tied9. The _______ look on the girl’s face suggested that she _________ such bad news.A. surprising, would expectB. surprised, should expectC. surprising, shouldn’t have been expectedD. surprised, hadn’t expected10. The girl ___ forward to buying a new gold watch.A. referred to lookB. referred to lookingC. referred to looksD. referring to looks11.When I got back home I saw a message ________ to the door, _________ “Sorry to miss you,I will come later.”A. sticking; readsB. stuck; readC. pinned; readingD. pinning; reading12. She felt rather that she shouldn’t drive the car at such a speed.A. frightening, frighteningB. frightened, frightenedC. frightening, frightenedD. frightened, frightening13. Helen had to shout __________ above the sound of the music.A. making herself hearB. to make herself hearC. making herself heardD. to make herself heard14. Don’t leave the water _____________ while you brush your teeth.A. runB. runningC. being runD. to run15. I don’t mind___ to the party.A. being not invitedB. not invitingC. not being invitedD. not to be invited16. _______ a foreign language, one must have a lot of practice.A. For masteringB. MasteringC. To masterD. So as to master17. Many teachers were praised at the meeting, Mr. Zhou ____.A. including B .being included C. to include D. included18.________her mother had come, her face lit up.A. HearingB. Having heardC. When hearingD. When she heard19. The novel is said _______into many languages.A.translatedB. being translatedC. to have been translatedD. having been translated作定语：boiled water 开水boiling water 沸水fallen leaves落叶falling leaves 正在飘落的叶子the risen sun升起的太阳the rising sun冉冉上升的太阳作状语：Having been told many times, the naughty boy made the same mistake. 尽管…（让步状语）Having done his homework, he played basket-ball. 完成…后（时间状语）Being a League member, he is always helping others. 作为…（原因状语）Playing all day, you will waste your valuable time. 如果…（条件状语）He dropped the glass, breaking it into pieces. 结果状语The teacher came into the lab, followed by some students. 伴随状语Praised by the neighbours, he became the pride of his parents. 因为（原因状语）Once seen, it can never be forgotten. 一旦…（时间状语）Given more time, I'll be able to do it better. 如果…（条件状语）Translate the phrases and rewrite the sentences with v-ing or the past participle.1. 一颗破碎的心a broken heart2. 鲁迅写的小说novels written by Lu Xun3. 吸毒成瘾的人people addicted to drugs4. 激动人心的消息exciting news5. 发展中国家developing countries6. 发达国家developed countries7. The lecture was given by Professor Zhang. It is about the environment protection. The lecture given by Professor Zhang is about the environment protection.8. The bike was stolen. It belongs to Jack.The stolen bike belongs to Jack.9. A woman is standing by the door. Who is she?Who is the woman standing by the door?10. The room faces south. It is our room.The room facing south is our room.11. When the stadium is seen from the top, it looks like a bird’s nest.Seen from the top, it looks like a bird’s nest.12. Because she was interested in medicine, she decided to become a doctor. Interested in medicine, she decided to become a doctor.13. When ice is taken into a warm room, it soon changes into water.When taken into a warm room, it soon changes into water.14. Although he was left alone at home, Sam didn’t feel afraid at all.Left alone at home, Sam didn’t feel afraid at all.15. Since I had worked hard all day, I was ready for bed by eight o’clock. Having worked hard all day, I was ready for bed by eight o’clock. 16. As she felt sick, the woman sat down quickly.Feeling sick, the woman sat down quickly.17. When I was walking in the street, I happened to meet my old friend. Walking in the street, I happened to meet my old friend.18. When he was asked what had happened, he told us about it.When asked what had happened, he told us about it.keys to multiple choice:1-5 BCDCB 6-10 CACDC 11-15 CDDBC 16-19 CDDC。
