剑桥雅思阅读同义词替换

剑桥雅思阅读同义词替换(可编辑)剑桥雅思阅读同义词替换附录二、剑桥雅思4―7 阅读同义词替换汇总剑桥雅思四册同义词替换剑桥雅思四册TEST 1 PASSAGE 1文章题目not in the face of ignore alarming rate of loss plightaccept idea form opinion formal tuition classroom harbor hold misconception mistaken view curriculum science sciencemultifaceted largermodification change 雅思9分密码thinking understandingthe commonest the most frequentgeographic location wheredominant idea common response第二版habitat livedestruction of rainforests loss of rainforestsresponsibility responsiblemajority most何满survive existenceneed rely onsurprising unexpectedlymedia coverage newspapers and televisioncontribute to asglobal warming the world gets warmerdestruction destroy剑桥雅思四册TEST 1 PASSAGE 2 文章题目not known not certainunable nodegenerated or rudimentary underdeveloped particularly sensitive very sensitiveextremely keen vision in water exceptional in waterprimarily usuallyin general employ usecourtship matingfeed eattrack followwell-developed best developed剑桥雅思四册TEST 1 PASSAGE 3文章题目appreciate recognizebe taken aback surpriseshow representmotion movementmeaning understandingquickly rapida list of a set ofexplore investigateunderstand perceiverelate fitall everyonelink to assign toresemble similar雅思9分密码conclude conclusioninterpret comprehendas similar剑桥雅思四册TEST 2 PASSAGE 1第二版文章题目linguistic diversity the great variety of languagesbreed as a result of何满government policy government initiativethe deadliest weapon factordisappear/vanish die outgrowing interest increasing appreciationlearn teachsurvive survivalon written form writebilingualism more than one languagenot survive endangeredpreventing a language dying out saving languages from extinctionlike preserving fruits in a jar not satisfactorythought the way we thinkaffect determineteens young peopleold traditions the established way of lifenot want rejectshift changelose lossendanger die outdisappear loss剑桥雅思四册TEST 2 PASSAGE 2文章题目unusual differWestern world Western countriesconservative attitude/loath reluctantvisit consultclimb/popularity increasecontact visithigh standing of professionals higher opiniontake course retrainpractitioner therapistsbusiness/clientele salaryattend visitchronic long-termillness medical complaints剑桥雅思四册TEST 2 PASSAGE 3 雅思9分密码文章题目not normally unusuallink-up connection enhance creativity beneficial 第二版timing record how much timecost animals their lives physical hazardscognitive mental何满involvement exercisechildren humanshunt, mate and socialize as adults adult activitiesbuild muscle/endurance training/get into shape build up strengthlarger brain organ growthit’s to do with concerningenvironment surroundingskaleidoscope/a lot different contexts a wide range ofimprovement in endurance fitness trainingparticular chemical specific sustenanceassociate link剑桥雅思四册TEST 3 PASSAGE 1文章题目credit loanfactor reasondemand for income povertyindependence independententrepreneurship set up their own businessparents or guardians familysupply provisionlend money loancharge interest pay backmodest rates slightly morein association with other types as a part ofsupport aid剑桥雅思四册TEST 3 PASSAGE 2文章题目continent/atmosphere/water feature of ourplanetnot predictable unpredictabilityfracture sectionblock any further eruption remain inactivecontinent earth’s landmake produce swiftly quickly horizontally horizontal extrusion outcrop 雅思9分密码with tremendous force violently剑桥雅思四册TEST 3 PASSAGE 3文章题目non-verbal behavior/facial expression body language 第二版written comments taking notes age, sex, social background socialawareself-conscious何满minimize lessseveral variousa large number of points general specific dataconvenience convenientunavoidable necessarymany the number ofenable allowlimitation missstatement commentunbiased objectivelyenable cancover the language as a whole a wide range of languagedeal only with focus ondepend on/factor affectderive gainnative speaker of the language those who speak the language concernedcoverage coversupplement additionaldata informationneed rely on剑桥雅思四册TEST 4 PASSAGE 1文章题目the early years of the twentieth century about 1900explosive release intensive burstgreatly dramatic increasing growingglobal internationalpossess the unique complement of genes giftedidentify recognizeearly at a younger ageUS Americanrely on onmethod approach focus on aim to increase developdeficiency in trace minerals inadequate diet雅思9分密码lead to link toenable records to be broken set new recordsfocused better play a role key 第二版important usefulcomprehend/understanding explainunderstanding current knowledge何满fundamental basic剑桥雅思四册TEST 4 PASSAGE 2 文章题目creative imagination creativityinvestigating investigationand as well as partly include interpretation translatewhat these things mean for the human story ancient languagesfilm moviereality realisticportrayal picturein a more restricted sense in more than one wayrecord documentbreak down into subdivideevolve evolutionarydwelling buildinground/square shapewhy reasontool and weapons/material objectswritten word written recordsimportance valuablejust as/rather like compare剑桥雅思四册TEST 4 PASSAGE 3文章题目be faced with be sharedeconomic progress economic developmentsustain sustainableobligation or duty roleconsequence impactawareness realizationincrease risedramatic sharpeconomic progress economic growthprovide produceit was assumed without question that belief雅思9分密码accept acceptanceensure guaranteeprovide provisionself-determining independence第二版at exactly the same time at about thesame timefinite limitsink in become evident何满demographic and social changes population changesstem from/accompany have an impactpredictunderestimate剑桥雅思四册GENERAL TRAINING READING TEST A SECTION 1文章题目scenic woodland peaceful country surroundingssmall charge extra feedelivery deliverluxury accommodation have dinner and stay the nightwarm welcome friendly greetingprevious experience, ability relevant skillslift your spirit cheer you upall the family a variety of agesimum attention individual guidancespecial concert public performanceparticipation participantdevelop the confidence overcome shynessin no time rapid剑桥雅思四册GENERAL TRAINING READING TEST A SECTION 2文章题目have the opportunity allocateworking jobelection electchildren’s center nursery carereserve a place first come, first-servedgraphic and visual communication skills advertisingperform arts and the media TVconstruction, properties architecturemanage managementbusiness companypeople with special needs the disabledoffice work secretarial taskssalon, facial massage and skin care, make-up, beauty therapylash and brow treatment, artificial nailstructures and ear piercing剑桥雅思四册GENERAL TRAINING READING TEST A SECTION 3 雅思9分密码文章题目better-constructed narratives well-written narrativesmore impressive excellenta great deal of plenty of第二版money capitalbuy purchasepractice make何满outside the major studios not in major studioscommercial success profitablecinema film industrylargest/dominant biggestpioneer firststar system responsible for creating starscommercial success make the most moneybased primarily on based more ontraditional ownplay a role influence剑桥雅思四册GENERAL TRAINING READING TEST B SECTION 1文章题目receive receiptreservation bookingpayment costpaid rentalbreakdown brokenrepair service have it replacedbuffet foodcatering weddingsolicitor/legal service lawyerestate and property agents livefamily rooms find somewhere to stayauditing, accountancy and taxation finance剑桥雅思四册GENERAL TRAINING READING TEST B SECTION 2文章题目tropical fruit bananagrowing cultivationagriculture including Beef and Dairy cattle farming fitness instruction courses recreation program aged support program elderly careearly childhood nursing program infant illness coastal management beach protection marine industry management fishing farming purchase buy剑桥雅思四册GENERAL TRAINING READING TEST B SECTION 3 雅思9分密码文章题目pass on message communicate unravel the mystery the purposemeasurement of the actual distance expressing distance第二版inner insidepoint directly to point in the direction of何满剑桥雅思五册同义词替换剑桥雅思五册TEST 1 PASSAGE 1文章题目draw on don’t ignoreliving contemporarybe not seriously rivaled in general usedeadline time limitdifferent shades of meaning subtleties of meaningto hand availablein excess of overrecognize as be hailed asthroughout Europe in many European countriesconfer bringoffer grantrise growrise increasebe associated with lead tofamous well knownin installment paymentdie not survive剑桥雅思五册TEST 1 PASSAGE 2文章题目built-in/instinct/genetic biological trait behavior 雅思9分密码in the cause of explanation have a positive effect helpbe instructed be told administer give 第二版carry on continuego on continueprior to before 何满predict estimatebe willing to willingness obey comply with predict expected anticipate expected 1000,450,etc. number statistical claim believevalue positive social environment sociological personal and moral code personal valueindividual personalsurrender more powerfulin essence general剑桥雅思五册TEST 1 PASSAGE 3文章题目get worse pessimistic viewa hit-list of a number ofassociate linknot accelerate slow downrestrict slow downless not increaselopsidedness selectionfunding financial money fundsoverstate exaggerate argument claimskepticism criticismnewspapers and broadcasters newspaper print itemswantexpectationdistortion of perception mislead trash wasterubbish wastefuture long-termpressing urgent剑桥雅思五册TEST 2 PASSAGE 1文章题目雅思9分密码reshape mould into new formslike in a similar waytotally entirelyfirst第二版 in origindistinction uniquea number of severalfactor reason何满immense greatprogress advancedomain fieldfind searchsubstitutealternativesuch as likebe called be known as such as e.g.granular grindextreme heat intense heatextract removepopularfashionableflow into the mould fill the mouldtoday modern-daypopularity welcomedin its early years immediatelyno disdain welcomed剑桥雅思五册TEST 2 PASSAGE 2文章题目biologicalbiologicallydub considerexpress the idea believefeel believesafely controlledpsychic tension nervous energypuncture releasemodern theorists current thinkingsettle on not ignore belief viewlanguage understanding and reasoning in artificial intelligencemachinespresent useactivity activateassociate with involve withdemanding difficultrapid instantly雅思9分密码as a result of becauserespond reactperson’s outlook person’s subjective viewsdepend on relate to第二版work operationpretty good valuable何满剑桥雅思五册TEST 2 PASSAGE 3文章题目exploitation exploitdevelopment revolutionscientists socially privileged thinkerslack Have neither A nor Ba suitable writing style a new kind of writingdescribe description lose momentum be overtaken growth developas as a direct result ofcompetitive competition剑桥雅思五册TEST 3 PASSAGE 1文章题目family configuration family typea cross-section of the range ofdisappointing failexplanation reasonphenomenal positiveresult outcomea cross-section of a variety ofsocio-economic status poor and wealthydisappointing do notsucceedprovide supplynot substantial insufficient in an attempt to be designed toovercome educational under- achievement improve educational developmentauditory listeningverbal speakinglanguage ability interact with othersadvance score highly剑桥雅思五册TEST 3 PASSAGE 2 文章题目sedimentsedimentationfood chain food productionpoison threatbe being eroded/scour away disappear雅思9分密码significance valuableerode erosioncoast/coastline coastalhold back sediment land loss第二版a lot of sediment high levels of sedimentpollution pollutantSignificantly/dramatically marked何满build up increasein the immediate future in the short term剑桥雅思五册TEST 3 PASSAGE 3文章题目spot camouflaged vehicles on a battlefield militarydisparate separatefield areaunify bring togetherre-enter/rehabilitation againignite public debate become a common topic of conversationterm expressionemail/web pages information available electronicallymeet this challenge deal with difficultiespeak not lowest pointencapsulate reflectundue optimism original expectationboost benefitinvestor investment剑桥雅思五册TEST 4 PASSAGE 1文章题目booming expansionwilderness regions fragileregionshunting animals and fish and collecting fruits food-supplyall across the world internationalimpacts effectsprofound disruptiveneeds demandsaspiration needslittle or no lowinvestment financialcostattraction attractiveseasonality/ defined parts of the year Not throughout the yearecology ecologicalculture culturallylead to result indecline fall雅思9分密码farm output and a change in the local diet food producedlocallytraditionallytraditionalhunting animals and fish and collecting fruits food-gatheringundermine damage。

雅思阅读同义词替换(Cambridge 8)1. agree=concur=go along with=fall in with=go withsceptic and advocate=different attitude 不同的看法significance=impressive=meaning=sense 意义meditation: the practice of emptying your mind of thoughts and feelings 冥想in order to relax completely or for religious reasons5. parapsychology: the scientific study of mysterious abilities that somepeople claim to have, such as knowing what will happen in the future6. environment=condition=light, sound, warmth=situation=circumstance n.环境7. alter=change=revise=make changes v. 改变8. trial=experiment=test9. success rate=positive result=achievement=progress=breakthrough=accomplishment10. pick out=identify=recognize=know=tell11. limit=minimize=maximum=the most=ceiling=cut-off point12. different=individual=not like=vary=not the same=contrast with=diverseadj13. invention=device=creation=innovation n.14. cold temperature=freezing weather=chilly=frosty=wintry=cold snap adj.寒冷的15. farming=agriculture n16. simultaneous=at the same time=together=at once=at one time adj.17. uniform=equal=homogeneous adj18. devise=formulate=invent=create=come up with=makeup=conceive=coin=dream up19. civil=municipal=metropolitan adj20. divide=split=separate=break up=break down=take apart=take somethingto piece v. 分开21. new=revolutionary=original=innovation=fresh=novel=be in its infancyadj.22. create=introduce=invent=make sth. do sth.=be the cause=lead to sth. v..23. organize=co-ordinate=arrange=set out=put something in order=line up v.组织，使协调24. public event=communal activity 公众、社交活动25. aviation disaster=sky accident=air crash 空难26. prompt=result in=lead to=make somebody do something=causesomebody to do something=lead somebody to dosomething=motivate=induce somebody to do something v. 导致27. resemble=like=similar=alike=much the same=comparable v28. oversimplify=incomplete=simplistic=generalize=see things in black andwhite adj. 过于简化的，不完整的29. altitude=from…meters above the gro und=height=how high=level n. 海拔，高度30. zone=airspace=region=area=district=quarter=block=suburb n31. weather=meteorological=climate=condition n32. categorize=class / type=sort=classify=be grouped=grade v. 分类33. create=establish=invent=start up=open=set up=found=inception v.¨34. beacon and flashing=light=beam 灯塔35. improve=develop=evolve=get better=catch up=pick up=things arelooking up 改善提高36. aircraft=plane=by air37. average-sized=medium-sized adj. 中等的38. city=metropolitan=urban=town=village=civic=municipal=downtown39. pendulum : a long metal stick with a weight at the bottom that swingsregularly from side to side to control the working of a clock40. coincidental : happening completely by chance without being planned adj.巧合的41. disobey : to refuse to do what someone with authority tells you to do, orrefuse to obey a rule or lawdrastically : extreme and sudden adv.carry out : subject to : 使服从remain=stay=keep=continue to be=stilldetect=inspect=examine=notice=spot=become awareconscious=note=conserve=perceive5. fault=flaw=defect=trouble=bug=virus=be something wrong with=besomething matter with n6. enough=sufficient=adequate=cover=meet somebody's need adj.7. main=largely=principal=chief=major=key=primary=prime=predominant=core :8. documentation=written account=evidence=proof9. shift=switch=transfer=move=jerk10. consistent=lasting=stay the same=constant=unchanging adj11. drought=no rain at all=dry=dusty adj.12. period=cycle=era=age n13. random=arbitrary=at random adj14. molten=hot=heat=boiling / boiling hot=scalding / scalding hot adj 融化15. intense=strong=passionate=powerful=deep adj16. discover=explore=find / unearth=turn up17. pattern=trade / commodity=business n18. relate to=associate with=link to / connect to=identify with 联系19. feeling=emotional response / sensory=a sense of=passion n. 感觉20. unappreciated=undervalued adj 没有价值的21. difficult=elusive=hard / tough=easier said than done adj22. study=research=analyse=do/conduct research v.23. smell=odour=scent n 味道24. interpretation=be considered to be=understanding=reading n25. define=distinguish=tell the difference v26. damage=impair=break=do/cause damage=scratch v27. realize=consciously consider=occur to=be come aware=sinkin=strike=hit=wake up to the fact that28. reveal=show=demonstrate=let somebody see=present=expose=letsomebody take a look v29. to be defined=unanswered 无答案的30. husbands and wives=marriage partner / spouse=couple=newlyweds 夫妇31. linguistic=language n32. describe=name=express=give a description of=talk about=writeabout=give an account of=tell of33. lack=do not exist=not enough=scarce=inadequate=insufficient=in shortsupply v.34. do not smell=odorless 没有气味的35. regard as=consider to 把…认作36. unpleasant=offensive=horrible / disgusting / revolting=not verynice=nasty adj37. certain=some=a measure of adj.38. correspond=be consist of=coincide=match up39. relevance n40. float=afloat v.building=property=construction n 建设support=back=be behind=in support of=back somebody up v 支持，支撑financial support=fund=financial aid 资助stumbling block=difficulty=trouble n.create=generate=form=produce vdirect=guide=lead=instruct=give order/instruction7. beam=laser=ray=glow=glare 发光的8. aim=direct at=purpose=point=idea=objective=goal=target 目标9. test in real=field test 实地测试10. genius=giftedness/talent/intellectual=intelligence=brains=brilliant=wisdom n11. inherit=run in family=receive=get=be given=be awarded12. talent=prodigy=skill=ability=craftsmanship=flair=have a knack=anatural ability to do something well13. lessen=minimize=subside=lighten=relieve=ease=allay减少14. significance=supremacy=definition=meaning=sense=connotation n要性15. achieve=make=succeed=manage=make progress=accomplish=getresults16. limitation=restricted=disadvantage=drawback=liability=thedownside n17. inexorable=inevitable=unstoppable=remorseless adj18. stable=characteristic=constant=steady=fixed=unchanging adj19. life span=duration of life=longevity 寿命20. biological clock=internal clock 生物钟21. prolong=extend=drag out=spin out v22. principle=law=conscience=scruples n23. optimal=better=best adj24. conserve=save / frugal=reserve=keep back25. immortality : the state of living for ever or being remembered for everadj.26. organism=living thing=life form=wildlife =an animal, plant, human,or any other living thingmiddle-year education=lower secondary school 中学format=patternless successful student=struggler 差等生key=contributing factor=important=major=significant=critical achievement=attainment=progress=breakthrough=accomplishment n.成就spacious=largely=big=huge=vast=enormous=immense adjadapt=accessible=get used to=become/grow accustomed to=adjust to careful=elaborate=conscientious=thorough=meticulous=methodical supplementary=assist=additional=extra=further=added=spare=more =another n.10. effort=hard work=work at=push yourself=labour n11. correct answer=accuracy n12. imbalance=disorder=unequal=disproportionate n13. no longer respond=resistance=fight against 抵抗14. cost=financial outlay=spend=charge=fare=rental=toll n15. innate=built-in adj16. immunity=resistance n17. entail=involve18. circumstance=system n19. feed on=prey on 以…为食20. blight=plague v 困境21. wipeout=eradicate=get rid of=abolish=scrap=do awaywith=eliminate 根除22. plague=infest=troublesome v23. compare=determination of variation=contrast=liken=make acomparison=draw an analogy=draw a parallel v24. criterion=identification=standard=scale25. compatible=use both method=well-matched=be made for eachother=be a perfect match /pair/couple=be right for=be ideally suited adj26. specimen=individual27. container=plastic or glass tube28. wet=marshy=soaked=waterlogged=awash29. habitat=area=the environment=ecosystem=ecology n30. pitfall=trap n 陷阱31. little time and effort is required=minimal maintenance andintervention 最小程度的维修与介入32. pesticide: a chemical substance used to kill insects and small animalsthat destroy crops 杀虫剂33. preservative: a chemical substance that is used to prevent things fromdecaying, for example food or wood n. 防腐剂。

Cambridge同义词替换大全(剑桥4-8)Cambridge4 TEST11.ignore=pay no attention=not pay any attention=take no notice=not take any notice忽略，无视v.2.encounter=face=confront=meet遇见，遭遇v.3.mistaken view=misconception错误的观点n.4.easy to reach=accessible容易达到的adj.5.change=modify(modification) 改变v.6.destruction=destroy=loss毁坏n.7.investigate=make inquiries=enquiries=go into=probe=look into 调查v.8.where=geographical location 表地点9.important=vital=essential=crucial重要的adj.10.reason=cause=factor=origins=root=stimulus=impetus原因n.11.protect=guard=safeguard=shield=conservation保护v.12.newspapers, television=media媒体n.13.where to live=habitat居住地n.14.get warmer=global warming变暖n.15.contribute to=play a part有助于v.16.survive=continuing existence幸存，活下来v.17.curriculum=course=syllabus课程n.18.link to=be connected with=be linked with把…和…相联系v.19.underdeveloped=degenerated=rudimentary不发达的adj.20.poor=bad=badly=not very good=no good at something=weak贫穷的，可怜的adj.21.exceptional=good=excellent=outstanding=brilliant=impressive=admirable超常的，例外的adj.22.mating=courtship交配.23.follow=track=tail=shadow=hound=stalk=stalker跟随，跟踪v.24.good vision ability=vision is obviously more useful…好的视力25.best=well=greatest=finest=ideal= top= number one=ultimate=optimum=definitive=unsurpassed=record-breaking极好的adj.26.surprised=amazed=astonished=astounded=be taken aback=startled感到惊讶的adj.27.volunteer=subject实验研究对象n.28.similar=resemble=like=alike相似的adj.29.blind=can not see瞎的adj.Cambridge4 TEST21.initiative=on your own/by yourself=independently=on your own initiative=under your own steam=to be theperson who starts something=plan=law主动的，自发的adj. 主动权n.2.increase=go up=rise=grow=climb=gain=escalate=pick up=widen=be on theincrease=intensify=expand=build up上升，增加v.3.teach=educate=train=coach=instruct=bring up教学v.4.more than one language=bilingual=sb's second language多种语言n.5.determine=establish=identify=pinpoint=diagnose 决定v.6.young people=teenager=youth=in your teens=adolescent=minor年轻人n.munity=all the people in a particular area, city, country etc.群体，团体，社区n.8.traditional=old-fashioned=outdated=outmoded=unfashionable传统的adj.9.fail=failure=not succeed=unsuccessful=vain=fruitless=unproductive=be a failure=go wrong=not work=do nogood=fall through失败v.10.endanger=to put someone or something in danger of being hurt=damaged=destroyed危及，使危险v.11.diverse=varied=variety=wide-ranging=mixed各种各样的adj.12.inevitable=certain to happen and impossible to avoid不可避免的adj.13.differ from=unusual与…不同v.14.reluctant=unwilling=not willing=drag your feet=be loath to do something=conservative勉强的adj.15.consult=ask somebody's advice=seek advice=get/obtain advice资询v.16.alternative=another=other=different=new=else=variation=variant另一个17.therapist=someone who has been trained to give a particular form of treatment for physical or mental illness临床医学家n.18.retrain=taking courses再教育v.19.salary=pay=wage=income=earnings=fee工资，收入n.20.long-term=chronic=long-running=long-standing=lasting=lifelong=prolonged=lingering=enduring=abiding=incurable长期的adj.plaint=complain=make a complaint=protest=object=complain抱怨n.22.illness=disease=virus=bug=infection疾病n.23.connection=relationship=link=correlation联系n.24.beneficial=be good for you/ do somebody good=wholesome=nutritious=nourishing=healthful有益的adj.25.insight=comprehension=understanding理解，见解n.26.physical=relating to the body=bodily身体的adj.27.hazard=risk=danger=threat障碍，危险n.28.accompany=with=together=along with=come wit陪伴,伴随29.mental=relating to the health or state of someone's mind精神上的，心理的adj.30.possible=possibility=can=potential=there is a chance/possibility可能的adj.31.reduction=decrease=drop=fall=cut 减少n.32.class=type=kind=sort=style=category=variety种类n.33.rehearsal=practice=training=run-through=exercise排练，演习n.34.peer=your peers are the people who are the same age as you, or who have the same type of job, social classetc同伴n.35.defensive=used or intended to protect someone or something against attack 防御n.36.strategy=way=method=approach=technique=system=tactics 方法，功略n.37.assist=help=aid=with the aid of帮助v.38.specific=give (somebody) more details=expand on=enlarge on=go into more=greater detail=be morespecific=be more explicit=elaborate特定的adj.39.substance=a particular type of solid, liquid, or gas 物质n.40.surroundings=environment=circumstance 环境n.41.engage=give somebody a job=employ=take on=appoint=recruit=sign up雇佣v.bine=mix=stir=beat=blend=whisk=dilute联合v.43.survival=the state of continuing to live or exist幸存n.Cambridge4 TEST31.quotation= a sentence or phrase from a book, speech etc which you repeat in a speech or piece of writingbecause it is interesting or amusing 引言n.2.exemplify= example=case=instance=to be a very typical example of something=to give an example ofsomething 例证v.3.explain=tell=say what/why/where etc=show=demonstrate=go through=throw/shed light on=set out解释v.4.outline= to describe something in a general way, giving the main points but not the details概述v.5.purpose=aim=point=idea=objective=object=goal= target=end目的n.6.encourage=persuade=persuasion=get somebody to do something=influence=encourage=talk somebodyinto=put somebody up to鼓励v.7.loan= an amount of money that you borrow from a bank etc. 贷款n.8.poverty= being poor贫穷n.9.crime= illegal activities in general犯罪n.10.reject=to refuse to accept, believe in, or agree with something 拒绝v.11.employ=give somebody a job=take on=engage= appoint=recruit=sign up雇佣v.12.courier=a person or company that is paid to take packages somewhere快递员n.13.storage=keep=store=keep something in storage=preserve 存储n.14.facility=rooms, equipment, or services that are provided for a particular purpose 设备n.15.ambitious=ambition=power-hungry/power-mad=competitive= determined to be successful, rich, powerfuletc.有志向的，雄心壮志的adj.16.effort=to try very hard to do something= attempt=campaign=drive努力n.17.feature= a part of something that you notice because it seems important, interesting, or typical；a part of theland, especially a part that you can see: a part of someone's face, such as their eyes, nose etc特点n.18.planet= the world=earth/Earth=the globe 地球n.19.unpredictable=can't say/tell=unforeseeable=it remains to be seen 无法预测的adj.20.machinery=machines, especially large ones= a system or set of processes for doingsomething=machine=device=robot=appliance=mechanism 机械n.21.ultimate=someone's ultimate aim is their main and most important aim, that they hope to achieve in thefuture= final最终的，根本的adj.22.atmosphere= the feeling that an event or place gives you= the mixture of gases that surrounds the Earth气氛;大气n.23.occur=happen=take place=there is=come about=come up=turn up=arise=strike发生v.24.expand= get bigger=grow=swell up=stretch扩张，扩大v.25.form= type= way something is/appears=shape形式n.26.emerge=appear=become visible=come into view/come into sight=come out=reappear 出现v.27.emit= to send out gas, heat, light, sound etc 发出，放射n.28.situation= circumstances=position=case=plight情况，状况n.29.self-conscious=worried and embarrassed about what you look like or what other people think of you自觉的n.30.generate= to make someone have a particular feeling= form=produce=create 产生v.31.various=there are several different types of that thing=different=a variety ofsomething=differing=varying=an assortment of something=assorted=a mix of something=a mixture of something各种各样的adj.32.convenient= a thing or way of doing something that is easy and quick; a time or arrangement that isconvenient 方便的adj.33.objective=impartial=neutral=not take sides=unbiased=disinterested客观的adj.34.enquiry=investigate=make inquiries/enquiries=go into=probe=look into=solve=be under investigation 调查35.observe=notice=can see/can tell=see=spot=detect=note become aware/conscious=catch somebody'seye=perceive观察v.ment=remark=thing to say=point=statement= announcement=declaration=observation评论37.include=consist of=comprise=be composed of= be made up of包含，包括v.38.focus on=deals only with=concentrate专注于v.39.affect=have an effect=have an impact=take effect= make a difference=impact影响v.40.gained from=come from=be based on=originate= go back to=have its origins in=have its roots in=derivefrom/be derived from=develop from/evolve from产生于…. V.41.concern=worry=stress=anxiety=strain= a feeling of worry about something important关心，担心n.Cambridge4 TEST41.official=formal=authorized=on (the) record官方的，正式的adj.2.athletic=physically strong and good at sport=fit=be in shape=be in good condition运动的adj.3.intensive=involving a lot of activity, effort, or careful attention in a short period of time=rapid=crash course密集的，加强的adj.4.burst=a short sudden effort or increase in activity=burst of anger/enthusiasm/temper etc 爆炸，突发5.recognize=know=identify=pick out=tell认出，承认v.6.inadequate=not enough=too little=few=scarce=insufficient=be in short supply=lack of something=be short不足的adj.7.develop=come from=be based on=originate=go back to=have its origins in=have its roots in=derive from=bederived from=be founded on=grow out of=develop from=evolve from发展，生长v.8.enable=make something possible=allow=permit=pave the way for=clear the way for使能够v.9.predict=anticipate=forecast=foretell=prediction=projected=guess in advance预测v.10.specialist=someone who knows a lot about a particular subject, or is very skilled at it=expert专家n.11.theoretical=relating to the study of ideas, especially scientific ideas, rather than with practical uses of theideas or practical experience理论的adj.12.basic=fundamental=essential=central=underlying=simple=crude=primitive=rudimentary=unsophisticated=low-tech基本的adj.13.nature=plants/animals etc=somebody's character=qualities of something=type自然n.14.aim=purpose=point=idea=objective=object=goal=target=end目的n.15.translate=change languages=interpret=put something into English/French/Japanese etc翻译v.16.ancient=belonging to a time long ago in history, especially thousands of years ago 古老的adj.17.realistic=when pictures, films etc make things seem real=lifelike=realism=true to life=vivid实际的，现实的18.field=area=branch=world=domain=realm=sphere领域n.19.document=a piece of paper that has official information on it；a piece of written work that is stored on acomputer文件n.20.equal=the same in number, amount, level etc as something else平等的adj.21.influence=effect=side effect=impact=what something does to=the implications 影响n.22.behavior=manner=conduct=behave=well-behaved=good=be on your best=stay out of trouble行为n.pare=to examine or judge two or more things in order to show how they are similar to or different fromeach other=liken=make a comparison=draw an analogy=draw a parallel=contrast 比较v.24.economically=in a way that is related to systems of money, trade, or business经济上地adv.25.establish=determine=identify=pinpoint=diagnose=to start a new business or organization.建立新的生意/组织v.26.sustainable=able to continue without causing damage to the environment; able to continue for a long time可持续的adj.27.realize=know=be/become aware=can tell=appreciate=be conscious=know perfectly well=know/learn fromexperience意识到v.28.limit=restrict=set/impose/put a limit=keep to/keep within=confine=fix 限制29.produce=form=create=generate生产v.30.guarantee=promise=assure=give somebody your word=swear=vow=commit to=pledge保证v.31.liberty=freedom=a free hand自由n.32.independence=self-sufficiency=self-reliance 独立n.33.consistent=always behaving in the same way or having the same attitudes, standards etc - usually used toshow approval持续的adj.34.underestimate=to think or guess that something is smaller, cheaper, easier etc than it really is=to think thatsomeone is not as good, clever, or skilful, as they really are低估v.35.provision=when you provide something that someone needs now or in the future 提供n.Cambridge5 TEST11.produce=develop=manufacture生产v.2.central=middle中心的adj.3.did not have=without没有v.4.bring=confer=award=present=grant=confer=allocate=offer带来v.5.time limit=deadline时间限制，期限n.6.increase=go up/rise=grow=climb=gain=escalate=expand=pick up=widen=intensify=build up增加7.assistant=helper=coach 助手n.8.immense=big=major=considerable=great=huge/enormous=tremendous=large scale/large-scale巨大的adj.9.illustrate=show=be a sign=demonstrate=mean=make clear=reflect=tell=be evidence=reveal 表明，显示v.10.quotation=a phrase or sentence that is well-known or often used 引用语n.11.predecessor=someone who had your job before you started doing it 前辈，前任n.12.rival=a person, group, or organization that you compete with in sport, business, a fight etc=competitor 对手，竞争者n.13.distraction=something that stops you paying attention to what you are doing分心的事物n.14.fault=defect=problem=trouble=flaw=weakness =bug=virus=be something wrong with 错误，缺点15.cornerstone=basis=foundation=the key 基石n.16.confer=award=present=grant=allocate 给予v.17.stability=the condition of being steady and not changing稳定n.18.prevail=win=come out on top=prevail=carry the day流行,获胜v.19.contract=agreement=understanding=compromise 合约n.20.grant=award=present=confer=allocate给予v.21.fascinate=if someone or something fascinates you, you are attracted to them and think they are extremelyinteresting吸引，使着迷v.22.disturb=interrupt=bother=distract=put somebody off 打扰v.23.expect=think=anticipate预期，期待v.24.psychology=the study of the mind and how it influences people's behavior 心理学n.25.obey=comply with=abide by=keep to=stick to the rules=conform to=observe=respect=toe the line=go by thebook/do something by the book 服从，顺从v.26.identity=someone's identity is their name or who they are 身份n.27.severity=used of the degree of something undesirable 严重性n.28.unfold=open=happen=develop=expand 展开，发生v.29.deliberately=intentionally=on purpose=purposely故意地adv.30.moral=relating to the principles of what is right and wrong behavior, and with the difference between goodand evil 道德上的，与道德有关的adj.31.prior to=before=previous在…前面32.repetition=doing or saying the same thing many times重复n.33.genetic=relating to genes or genetics基因的，遗传学的adj.34.sacrifice=when you decide not to have something valuable, in order to get something that is more important牺牲v.35.victim=someone who has been attacked, robbed, or murdered受害者n.36.forge=form=counterfeit 形成;伪造v.37.persuade=convince=win over=talk around 说服v.38.surrender=give in 投降，放弃v.39.extinct=an extinct type of animal or plant does not exist anymore=disappear=vanish灭绝的，绝种的adj.40.abundant=plenty=ample 充裕的，丰富的adj.41.exaggerate=overstate夸张，夸大v.42.phenomenon=something that happens or exists in society, science, or nature, especially something that isstudied because it is difficult to understand 现象n.43.perception=idea=notion=view=belief=insight 认识，观念，看法n.44.impression=infection=effect=influence=affection印象，感想n.45.entitle=to give someone the official right to do or have something 使某人有权利/资格v.46.distortion=a change for the worse=deformation扭曲，曲解v.47.dispose=to arrange things or put them in their places=arrange=settle=manage=cope with=deal with 安排，处理v.48.intuition=the ability to understand or know something because of a feeling rather than by considering thefacts=instinct 直觉n.49.emission=a gas or other substance that is sent into the air排放物，散发物n.50.diminish=reduce=decrease=fall=lessen=cut 减少，减小v.51.postpone=put back=delay=adjourn 延期，推迟v.52.crucial=important=critical=vital=necessary=essential 至关重要的adj.53.pessimistic=expecting that bad things will happen in the future or that something will have a badresult=getting worse悲观的adj.54.attempt=purpose=order=effort 尝试，努力Cambridge5 TEST21.similar=like=resemble相似的adj.2.derive=originate=come from=stem from起源v.3.impetus=momentum=stimulus=incentive=motivation=encouragement 动机，动力n.4.generate=produce=bring into existence=make=manufacture产生v.5.couple with=and=accompany=with 伴随v.6.factor=reason=element=component=ingredient 因素n.7.unique=have the distinction=distinct=different=extraordinary=special独特的adj.8.advance=progress=development=growth=increase进步n.9.field=domain=territory=industry=sector领域n.10.alternative=substitute=replacement替代物n.11.like=such as=for example=for instance 例如12.resource=material=source资源，来源n.13.limited=restricted=exhaustible=finite有限的adj.14.involve=rely on=contain=comprise 包含，牵涉v.15.current=modern=recent=present最近的adj.16.particular=extraordinary=special=detail=specific=unique特别的，独有的adj.17.draw on=absorb=do with吸收v.18.settle on=make choice of=decide on选定v.19.superiority=advantage=edge=high quality优势n.20.accompany=when=keep company=be associated with 陪伴，伴随v.21.view=belief=opinion=insight=perception 观点n.22.artificial intelligence=reasoning in machine人工智能n.23.involve with=associate with=link to=relate to与…有关联v.24.release=issue=launch=convey=public=deliver 发行，发表v.25.difficult=demanding=hard=tough困难的adj.26.task=job=work=labour 任务，工作n.27.instantly=rapidly=immediately立即地adv.28.react=respond 反应v.29.relate to=depend on=link to=associate with=involve with 与…有关系v.30.subject views=outlook=personal/individual views=personal/individual opinions 主观观点n.31.distort=to change the appearance, sound, or shape of something so that it is strange or unclear; to reportsomething in a way that is not completely true or correct=misinterpret 扭曲，歪曲v.32.figure out=settle=decide=tell=understand 理解，想出v.33.assessment=appraisal=evaluation=estimate=judgment评估，估计v.34.emerge=appear=come forth出现v.35.remain=keep=stay=maintain保持v.36.exploitation=development=utilization=usage利用，使用n.37.foster=cultivate=raise=nurture培养，养育v.38.overtake=catch up=sweep over赶上，压倒v.39.initial=original=premier最初的，开始的adj.40.whereas=however=while=nevertheless=but=yet然而，但是adv.Cambridge5 TEST31.outcome=product=result=conclusion=consequence 结果，后果n.2.overcome=win=get over=exceed克服，战胜v.3.insufficient=deficient=shortage=lack=scarcity不足的adj.4.supply=provide=furnish=give 提供v.unch=release=project=send=shot=emit 开始，投放v.6.suppose=expect=imagine=guess=speculate=think猜想，设想v.7.detect=perceive=explore=sense发觉，觉察v.8.handicap=difficult=obstacle=hindrance=bar=deterrent 障碍，困难n.9.peer=the people who are at the same age as you, or who have the same type of job, social class etc.同龄人，伙伴n.10.positive=optimistic=uplifting 积极的adj.11.administer=manage=conduct=implement=perform执行，管理v.12.funding=money=funds=financial resource 资金，基金n.13.interact=if people interact with each other, they talk to each other, work together etc. 互动v.14.irrigation=the supplement of land or crops with water 灌溉n.15.sedimentation=the natural process by which small pieces of rock, earth etc settle at the bottom of the sea etcand form a solid layer 积淀n.16.interrupt=break=violate=cut in打断，打扰v.17.process=procedure=method=approach过程n.18.threat=danger=intimidation 威胁n.19.valuable=precious=worthy宝贵的，珍贵的adj.20.construct=build=make=found 建造v.21.blame=to say or think that someone or something is responsible for something bad责备，怪罪v.22.stimulate=encourage=activate=motivate鼓励，刺激v.23.long-term=long-run=long-period长期的adj.24.impact=affect=influence=effect影响v.&n.25.occur=happen=exist=come发生v.26.contain=include=cover=possess 包含v.itary=battlefield=martial军事的adj.28.separate=disparate=distinct=different分开的，不同的adj.29.vanish=extinct=disappear 消失v.30.consciousness=awareness 意识n.31.ignite=light=inflame点燃v.32.encompass=include=contain=cover包含，围绕v.33.reckon=think=suppose=believe=imagine=expect=feel认为v.34.widespread=universal=extensive=popular=general广泛的，普遍的adj.unch=coin=project=release=issue创新，开辟v.36.contemporary=modern-day, present-day同时代的adj.37.potential=possible=underlying=likely=expected=latent 潜在的，可能的adj.38.prospect=expectation=outlook=chance展望，希望n.39.perception=idea=insight=viewpoint感觉，领悟n.Cambridge5 TEST4munity=organization=group=body团体n.2.fragile=delicate脆弱的adj.3.remote=distant 遥远的adj.4.require=desire=order=command要求v.5.inhabitant=resident=dweller居住者，居民n.6.consequently=thus=accordingly=hence=therefore=as a result 结果，因此adv.7.destination=goal=end point=terminus目的地n.8.throughout=around=wholly=everywhere=end-to-end自始至终，到处，全部adv.9.operate=act=run运转v.10.output=product输出，产品n.11.decline=reduction=fall=slump=decrease=recession 下降n.12.undermine=destroy=damage=hurt=ruin 破坏v.13.revive=renaissance复兴v.14.unusual=rare=strange=uncommon罕见的，不寻常的adj.15.ordinary=standard=common=usual=general普通的,平常的adj.16.fragment=shard=debris=pieces=ruins碎片n.17.break=shatter=crack打碎，打破v.18.interior=inner layer=inside 内部的n. &adj.19.insist=claim=argue=believe=think坚持，坚称v.20.expand=extend=grow=boom=spread out=enhance扩张，扩大v.21.suppress=control=restrain=repress=put down=oppress=inhibit=ban=forbid=stifle 压制v.22.speed up=increase speed=quicken up=accelerate speed加速v.23.examine=analyse=survey=inspect=study=detect=investigate检查，调查v.24.dispute=debate=controversy=disagree=argue争论，争执n.&v.25.detect=analyse=explore=research=survey=investigate=inspect 察觉，发现v.26.claim=say=state=insist=argue=think=believe声称v.27.cue=implication=reminder=hint=evidence提示，信号，暗号n.28.unpredictable=fluctuate=changeable无法预测的adj.29.be referred to as=be known as=be regarded as 被称为30.encourage=induce=trigger=stimulate=boost=inspire鼓励，促使v.31.considerable=plenty=big=major=important数量可观的adj.32.regardless of=despite of=take no notice of 不管，不顾33.adequate=plenty=proper=appropriate=suitable充足的,适当的adj.34.assure=make sure=guarantee=ensure=insure=secure=make certain of保证，确保v.35.suitable=appropriate=proper=adequate=matching 合适的adj.Cambridge6 TEST11.exchange=apply something learned in one to others=change 交流v.2.expertise=skill 专门技术n.3.employ=analyze=study 使用v.4.investigation=analysis 调查n.5.narrow=focus on 缩小范围v.6.reproduce=copy=replicate=repeat 复制v.7.funded support=finance 资金n.8.athlete=sportsmen and women 运动员n.9.calculate=measure 计算v.10.event=championship 赛事n.11.plan=prepare=design 计划v.12.improve=grow=get better 进步v.13.trade=economy 贸易n.14.transport=import or export=deliver 运输v.15.local=domestic=native=indigenous 当地的adj.16.weakening=less=reduced=decreased 下降的adj.17.value=worth=price=credit=use=benefit=profit 价值n.18.delivery=export or import 运输n.19.nearby nations=geographic neighbours 近邻n.20.international=ocean=global=worldwide 国际的adj.21.shipping=freight 船运n.22.cargo=freight=goods 货物n.23.tariff=charge=fee=tax 税费n.ndscape=environment=nature=surrounding=circumstance=view风景n.25.difficult=harsh=demanding=tough=challenging 困难的adj.26.essential supplies=food and clothing=necessities 必需品n.27.supply=provision=support 供给n.28.grow=increase=rise=improve=go up=boost=expand=extend 增长v.29.respect=credibility=weight=hour=admiration=consideration尊重n.30.understanding=knowledge 了解n.31.well-being=health 健康n.32.impossible=out of the question=unlikely 不可能adj.33.catch=exploit=capture 抓捕v.34.surrounding=environment=circumstance 环境n.35.push to one's limits=test one's limits 挑战极限36.not unmanageable=can cope with 能处理的37.present inhabitant=descendant 居民38.give up=abandon 放弃39.mainly=heavily=most 主要地40.visit=venture 参观Cambridge6 TEST21.successfully=spectacularly well=wonderfully 成功地adv.2.people power=local pressure groups 群众力量n.mute=travel 通勤v.4.higher=increasing=more 更高的adj.5.income=wealth=salary=wage=payment 收入n.6.beneficial=valuable=profitable=good 有益的adj.7.together=face to face 共同8.refute=not mean=rebut=deny 反驳v.9.accommodation=live=living condition 住宿n.age=use=benefit=profit 用处n.11.averagely good=reasonable but not special 较好的12.limited=minimal 有限的adj.13.move from one to another=adopt one over another 转移14.show=reveal=uncover=indicate=point out=imply 表明15.related=associated 有关联的adj.16.suffer=be afflicted 忍受（病痛）v.17.research=study=investigation=survey 研究n.18.affect=afflict=influence=change 影响v.19.disease=medical complain=illness 病痛n.20.increase=surge=rise=gain=grow=go up=add=escalate 上升v.21.link=correlation=connection=relationship 关系n.22.considerable=significant=substantial=massive=marked大量的adj.23.reduction=drop=concession=fall=decrease 下降n.24.elderly people=old people 老人n.25.independent=self-reliant 自立的adj.26.regular=daily 定期的adj.27.exercise=physical activity 运动n.28.challenging=difficult=tough=demanding 有挑战性的adj.29.decline=deteriorate=reduce=drop=decrease 下降v.30.lonely=emotionally isolated 孤独的adj.31.hand signal=gesture=body language 手势n.32.restricted=limited 有限的adj.33.concept=abstract idea=definition 定义n.34.specific=particular=detailed 特定的adj.35.early=older 早期的adj.36.fulfill=qualify=achieve=keep=satisfy 完成v.37.sufficient=enough 足够的adj.38.quantity=how many=amount 数量n.39.misunderstanding=confusion 误解n.40.prevent=resolve=forbid=stop 防止v.41.poor=lack of=impoverished 贫穷adj.42.newer=later=recent=present 新的adj.43.ancestor=early people=predecessor 祖先n.Cambridge6 TEST31.teach=educate=cultivate=nature 教育v.2.actor=star 演员n.3.first=initial=early=primary 最早的adj.4.storyline=narrative=plot 故事情节n.5.globe=world 世界n.6.early=first=ancient 早期的adj.7.passing of time=flow of time 时光的流逝8.describe=tell 描述v.9.realistic=achievable 现实的adj.10.target=goal=aim 目标n.11.feedback=comment=advice=criticism 反馈n.12.match to=suit to 合适13.reward=promotion or advancement=prize=benefit 奖励n.14.link to=make something contingent on=associate with=connect with=relate to 联系起来15.achievement=attainment=gain=success 成就n.16.remuneration=payment 酬金n.17.tend to=prone to 倾向于18.feel=perceive=think=find=experience=notice=have an opinion 感觉v.19.participate=be involved in=take part in=join 参加v.20.staff=employee=worker 员工n.21.visible=disclosed=obvious=noticeable 可见的adj.22.clerical worker=clerk 书记员n.23.judge=rate=criticize=assess=evaluate=gauge=appraise 评判v.24.job=work=assignment 工作n.25.delay=slow=prolong=postpone=procrastinate=shelve=put off延后v.26.growing old=ageing 变老27.people=mortal=people=individual 人n.28.life=lifespan 生命29.chance=likelihood=fortune=hope=possibility=opportunity=risk=luck 机会n.30.production=generation=output 产量n.31.theory=hypothesis=guess=guesswork 猜想n.32.focus on=emphasize=aim at=concentrate on 集中于33.short=scarce=limited=insufficient 短缺的adj.Cambridge6 TEST41.drug company=pharmaceutical company 医药公司n.2.promotion=marketing 营销n.3.increase=escalate=rise=go up=grow 上升v.4.research=study=survey=investigation 研究n.5.work=be an effective way=be useful=help=achieve=succeed=have an effect=happen=turn out 奏效v.6.technique=strategy=skill=expertise=method=way 技术n.7.criticism=judgement=skepticism=disapproval=denunciation 批评n.8.moral=ethical 道德的adj.9.legitimate=have every right to do=legal=right=authorized 合法的adj.10.money=profit=benefit=income=currency 钱n.11.adults=men and women 成人n.12.maternal=mother=female 母亲的adj.cation=literacy=cultivation 教育n.14.child=infant=kid 孩子n.15.approximately=about=around=nearly 大约adv.16.impressive=greatest=touching=unforgettable 印象深刻的adj.17.programme=campaign=project 项目n.mon=persistent=normal=usual=ordinary=everyday 常见的adj.19.be halved=decline by 50% 减半20.key=most important=crucial=critical=significant 关键的adj.21.produce=develop=generate=engineer=manufacture 生产v.22.detailed=explicit=specific 细节的adj.23.on its own=alone 自身24.however=but=yet 但是25.self-confidence=assertiveness=confidence 自信n.26.effective=useful=beneficial=good=needed 有效的adj.27.distinguish=recognize the difference=differentiate 区别v.Cambridge7 TEST11.rely on=depend on 依靠v.2.avoid=stay away=keep away=steer clear of=make a detour 避免v.3.die out=extinct=disappear=no longer exist 灭绝v.4.hunt=search for=look for=try to find=in search of 打猎v.5.limb=arm or leg=body=organ 四肢n.。

雅思阅读同义词替换(Cambridge 5)1. produce=develop=manufacture 生产v.2 central=middle 中心的adj.3 did not have=without 没有v.4 bring=confer=award=present=grant=confer=allocate=offer 带来v.5 time limit=deadline 时间限制，期限n.6 increase=/rise=grow=climb=gain=escalate=expand=pickup=widen=intensify=build up 增加7. assistant=helper=coach 助手n.8. immense=big=major=considerable=great=huge/enormous=tremendous=large scale/large-scale 巨大的adj.9. illustrate=show=demonstrate=mean=makeclear=reflect=tell=be evidence=reveal 表明，显示v.10. quotation=a phrase or sentence that is well-known or often used 引用语n.11. predecessor=someone who had your job before you started doing it前辈，前任n.12. rival=a person, group, or organization that you compete with in sport,business, a fight etc=competitor 对手，竞争者n.13. distraction=something that stops you paying attention to what youare doing 分心的事物n.14. fault=defect=problem=trouble=flaw=weakness=bug=virus=besomething wrong with 错误，缺点15. cornerstone=basis=foundation=the key 基石n.16. confer=award=present=grant=allocate 给予v.17. stability=the condition of being steady and not changing 稳定n.18. prevail=win=come out on top=prevail=carry the day 流行,获胜v.19. contract=agreement=understanding=compromise 合约n.20. grant=award=present=confer=allocate 给予v.21. fascinate=if someone or something fascinates you, you are attracted tothem and think they are extremely interesting 吸引，使着迷v.22. disturb=interrupt=bother=distract=put somebody off 打扰v.23. expect=think=anticipate 预期，期待v.24. psychology=the study of the mind and how it influences people'sbehavior 心理学n.25. obey=comply with=abide by=keep to=stick to the rules=conformto=observe=respect=toe the line=go by the book/do something by thebook 服从，顺从v.26. identity=someone's identity is their name or who they are 身份n.27. severity=used of the degree of something undesirable 严重性n.28. unfold=open=happen=develop=expand 展开，发生v.29. deliberately=intentionally=on purpose=purposely 故意地adv.30. moral=relating to the principles of what is right and wrong behavior,and with the difference between good and evil 道德上的，与道德有关的adj.31. prior to=before=previous 在…前面32. repetition=doing or saying the same thing many times 重复n.33. genetic=relating to genes or genetics 基因的，遗传学的adj.34. sacrifice=when you decide not to have something valuable, in orderto get something that is more important 牺牲v.35. victim=someone who has been attacked, robbed, or murdered 受害者n.36. forge=form=counterfeit 形成;伪造v.37. persuade=convince=win over=talk around 说服v.38. surrender=give in 投降，放弃v.39. extinct=an extinct type of animal or plant does not existanymore=disappear=vanish 灭绝的，绝种的adj.40. abundant=plenty=ample 充裕的，丰富的adj.41. exaggerate=overstate 夸张，夸大v.42. phenomenon=something that happens or exists in society, science, ornature, especially something that is studied because it is difficult tounderstand 现象n.43. perception=idea=notion=view=belief=insight 认识，观念，看法n.44. impression=infection=effect=influence=affection 印象，感想n.45. entitle=to give someone the official right to do or have something 使某人有权利/资格v.46. distortion=a change for the worse=deformation 扭曲，曲解v.47. dispose=to arrange things or put them in theirplaces=arrange=settle=manage=cope with=deal with 安排，处理v.48. intuition=the ability to understand or know something because of afeeling rather than by considering the facts=instinct 直觉n.49. emission=a gas or other substance that is sent into the air 排放物，散发物n.50. diminish=reduce=decrease=fall=lessen=cut 减少，减小v.51. postpone=put back=delay=adjourn 延期，推迟v.52. crucial=important=critical=vital=necessary=essential 至关重要的adj.53. pessimistic=expecting that bad things will happen in the future orthat something will have a bad result=getting worse 悲观的adj.54. attempt=purpose=order=effort 尝试，努力1. similar=like=resemble 相似的adj.2. derive=originate=come from=stem from 起源v.3. impetus=momentum=stimulus=incentive=motivation=encouragement 动机，动力n.4. generate=produce=bring into existence=make=manufacture 产生v.5. couple with=and=accompany=with 伴随v.6. factor=reason=element=component=ingredient 因素n.7. unique=havethedistinction=distinct=different=extraordinary=special 独特的adj.8. advance=progress=development=growth=increase 进步n.9. field=domain=territory=industry=sector 领域n.10. alternative=substitute=replacement 替代物n.11. like=such as=for example=for instance 例如12. resource=material=source 资源，来源n.13. limited=restricted=exhaustible=finite 有限的adj.14. involve=rely on=contain=comprise 包含，牵涉v.15. current=modern=recent=present 最近的adj.16. particular=extraordinary=special=detail=specific=unique 特别的，独有的adj.17. draw on=absorb=do with 吸收v.18. settle on=make choice of=decide on 选定v.19. superiority=advantage=edge=high quality 优势n.20. accompany=when=keep company=be associated with 陪伴，伴随v.21. view=belief=opinion=insight=perception 观点n.22. artificial intelligence=reasoning in machine 人工智能n.23. involve with=associate with=link to=relate to 与…有关联v.24. release=issue=launch=convey=public=deliver 发行，发表v.25. difficult=demanding=hard=tough 困难的adj.26. task=job=work=labour 任务，工作n.27. instantly=rapidly=immediately 立即地adv.28. react=respond 反应v.29. relate to=depend on=link to=associate with=involve with 与…有关系v.30. subjective views=outlook=personal/individualviews=personal/individual opinions 主观观点n.31. distort=to change the appearance, sound, or shape of something sothat it is strange or unclear; to report something in a way that is not completely true or correct=misinterpret 扭曲，歪曲v.32. figure out=settle=decide=tell=understand 理解，想出v.33. assessment=appraisal=evaluation=estimate=judgment 评估，估计v.34. emerge=appear=come forth 出现v.35. remain=keep=stay=maintain 保持v.36. exploitation=development=utilization=usage 利用，使用n.37. foster=cultivate=raise=nurture 培养，养育v.38. overtake=catch up=sweep over 赶上，压倒v.39. initial=original=premier 最初的，开始的adj.40. whereas=however=while=nevertheless=but=yet 然而，但是adv.outcome=product=result=conclusion=consequence 结果，后果n.overcome=win=get over=exceed 克服，战胜v.insufficient=deficient=shortage=lack=scarcity 不足的adj.supply=provide=furnish=give 提供v.launch=release=project=send=shot=emit 开始，投放v.suppose=expect=imagine=guess=speculate=think 猜想，设想v.detect=perceive=explore=sense 发觉，觉察v.handicap=difficult=obstacle=hindrance=bar=deterrent 障碍，困难n.peer=the people who are at the same age as you, or who have thesame type of job, social class etc.10. positive=optimistic=uplifting 积极的adj.11. administer=manage=conduct=implement=perform 执行，管理v.12. funding=money=funds=financial resource 资金，基金n.13. interact=if people interact with each other, they talk to each other,work together etc. 互动v.14. irrigation=the supplement of land or crops with water 灌溉n.15. sedimentation=the natural process by which small pieces of rock,earth etc settle at the bottom of the sea etc and form a solid layer 积淀n.16. interrupt=break=violate=cut in 打断，打扰v.17. process=procedure=method=approach 过程n.18. threat=danger=intimidation 威胁n.19. valuable=precious=worthy 宝贵的，珍贵的adj.20. construct=build=make=found 建造v.21. blame=to say or think that someone or something is responsible forsomething bad 责备，怪罪v.22. stimulate=encourage=activate=motivate 鼓励，刺激v.23. long-term=long-run=long-period 长期的adj.24. impact=affect=influence=effect 影响v.&n.25. occur=happen=exist=come 发生v.26. contain=include=cover=possess 包含v.27. military=battlefield=martial 军事的adj.28. separate=disparate=distinct=different 分开的，不同的adj.29. vanish=extinct=disappear 消失v.30. consciousness=awareness 意识n.31. ignite=light=inflame 点燃v.32. encompass=include=contain=cover 包含，围绕v.33. reckon=think=suppose=believe=imagine=expect=feel 认为v.34. widespread=universal=extensive=popular=general 广泛的，普遍的adj.35. launch=coin=project=release=issue 创新，开辟v.36. contemporary=modern-day, present-day 同时代的adj.37. potential=possible=underlying=likely=expected=latent 潜在的，可能的adj.38. prospect=expectation=outlook=chance 展望，希望n.39. perception=idea=insight=viewpoint 感觉，领悟n.community=organization=group=body 团体n.fragile=delicate 脆弱的adj.remote=distant 遥远的adj.require=desire=order=command 要求v.inhabitant=resident=dweller 居住者，居民n.consequently=thus=accordingly=hence=therefore=as a result 结果，因此adv.7. destination=goal=end point=terminus 目的地n.8. throughout=around=wholly=everywhere=end-to-end 自始至终，到处，全部adv.9. operate=act=run 运转v.10. output=product 输出，产品n.11. decline=reduction=fall=slump=decrease=recession 下降n.12. undermine=destroy=damage=hurt=ruin 破坏v.13. revive=renaissance 复兴v.14. unusual=rare=strange=uncommon 罕见的，不寻常的adj.15. ordinary=standard=common=usual=general 普通的,平常的adj.16. fragment=shard=debris=pieces=ruins 碎片n.17. break=shatter=crack 打碎，打破v.18. interior=inner layer=inside 内部的n. &adj.19. insist=claim=argue=believe=think 坚持，坚称v.20. expand=extend=grow=boom=spread out=enhance 扩张，扩大v.21. suppress=control=restrain=repress=putdown=oppress=inhibit=ban=forbid=stifle 压制v.22. speed up=increase speed=quicken up=accelerate speed 加速v.23. examine=analyze=survey=inspect=study=detect=investigate 检查，调查v.24. dispute=debate=controversy=disagree=argue 争论，争执n.&v.25. detect=analyze=explore=research=survey=investigate=inspect 察觉，发现v.26. claim=say=state=insist=argue=think=believe 声称v.27. cue=implication=reminder=hint=evidence 提示，信号，暗号n.28. unpredictable=fluctuate=changeable 无法预测的adj.29. be referred to as=be known as=be regarded as 被称为30. encourage=induce=trigger=stimulate=boost=inspire 鼓励，促使v.31. considerable=plenty=big=major=important 数量可观的adj.32. regardless of=despite of=take no notice of 不管，不顾33. adequate=plenty=proper=appropriate=suitable 充足的,适当的adj.34. assure=make sure=guarantee=ensure=insure=secure=make certain of保证，确保v.35. suitable=appropriate=proper=adequate=matching 合适的adj.。

雅思阅读同义词替换（剑1-剑9）剑 9 第一篇：1. recognise one's ability/ perceive one's talent/one's talent be perceived2. enrol in a school/attend a school3. sth that made him rich and famous/ sth bring him both fame and fortune4. Immediately understand/instant recognition5. refer to/ known as6. consult/ ask advice of7. now/ current/present/happening8. transmission/ sending information9. response/ reply10. ground rules/ assumptions underlying the research11. likelihood/ it seems/ perhaps, guess, estimate12. life expectancy/ the lifetime of13. most powerful/ the largest/ the biggest/ the best/ the greatest14. resemble/ pretty well like/ be similar to/ same as15. promptly/ immediately/instantly16. migrant/ migrate/ migration17. before/ in advance/ prior/ previously/ former18. make big changes/ redesign/modification/alteration19. lack/ never/no/not/in need of/want20. incomplete fossilised remains/ only fragments are found21. determine/ decide22. obtain/ acquire/ earn / gain / get/ procure/ receive / secure23. dense/ tight/thick/heavy24. indicate/ demonstrate / disclose / display / exhibit/ express/ hint/ imply/ point out/ pr esent/ reveal/ show /signify/suggest1. Initiative/initiate/ launch/ pioneer/ introduce/ develop2. National policy/ New Zealand strategy3. Global/international4. Team effort/ institutional working party5. Hypothesis/guess/ speculation/ possibility/theory/potential6. Suitable/appropriate7. Worldwide regulations/ international standard8. Medical conditions/ illness/ disease9. Place…at risk/ leave…vulnerable10. Auditory problems/hearing loss11. Study/carry out research12. Machinery noise/ noise generated by machine13. Child which have not been diagnosed/ undiagnosed children14. Current teaching method/ modern teaching practices15. Cooling systems/ air-conditioning/mechanical means of ventilation16. Different/distinct/varied/reverse17. Prevent/keep from/inhibit/stop/thwart18. Potential/future/be expected to be/possible/likely19. Fail to do/never/not/unable to do20. Calculate/determine the value21. Be worked out/be calculated22. Realise/recognise/show/see/understand23. Witness/view/see/observe24. Distorted/look smeared/not circular1. Competitive/competitors/competition2. Achievement/success3. Because/thus/It is… that 强调句型/so4. Rely on previous events/draw on past experience5. A result of/ a product of6. Pitfalls/ traps/snares7. Exposure to …/bombard…with8. Receptive/receive/embrace/accept/agree9. Novelty/new experience10. Fear/phobia11. Embarrassment/ridicule12. Psychological illness/mental disorder13. Decide/decision14. Scientific/science/technology/technological15. Argue/argument/debate/debatable/discuss/dispute/disputable16. Understandable/understand/reasonable17. Be affected by/influence18. Stil exist/be still with us19. Stop/halt/prevent/end20. Pointless/not/no point of21. Misrepresented/paint unreal pictures22. The custom of speaking/ popular speech23. Grammatical rules/ rules of grammar24. Alternative/choice/way/replacement剑 9 第四篇1. Back into Britain/ re-import into Britain2. Reliable/predictable3. Cut down/reduce4. Increase income/export earner5. Power station/power plant6. In the vicinity of/around/nearby7. Extraction of seaweed/clean seaweed8. Result from/cause9. In danger/at risk10. Comparatively/relatively11. Explanation/explain/reason12. Transmission of information/information pass on/information send back/transmit 13. Unnecessary/redundant/superfluous14. Incident/event15. Initial y/original y16. Be about to stop working/on the brink of failing17. Be used to/by means of18. Send messages over distances/transmit information from place to place19. Signal strength/ strength of the signal20. From her childhood/when she was a child21. Her children were born/birth of her two daughters22. Marie took over the teaching position/she was appointed to the professorship 23. Have the same property/…is true for …24. Receive recognition/be awarded剑 9 其他：1. Col ect/accumulate2. Both…and/not only…but also3. Stock sth./ a stock of sth.4. Be exposed to/ by exposure to5. Imitation/imitate/mimic6. Be contingent on/ depend on7. Mastery/power8. The aspects of self-awareness is difficult to research directly/Empiricalinvestigation of the se lf-as-subject are rather scarce9. …is link to …/the link between…and…10. Primarily intend for the public/for the ordinary visitor11. Personal involvement/themselves can act as if part of the historical environment 112. …and …are less easy to distinguish than before/ the sharp distinction is g radual y evapor ating13. Balance the conflicting priorities/ steer a narrow course between the demand of …14. Reveal/present/presentation15. Durable objects/ transitory nature of the materials(反义词)16. Consumer/market force17. Give false impression/ bias in the representation18. Current trend/majority of the public剑8：Cambridge 8 TEST 11. agree=concur=go along with=fal in with=go with v.同意2. sceptic and advocate=different attitude 不同的看法3. significance=impressive=meaning=sense n.重要性4. meditation: the practice of emptying your mind of thoughts and feelings, in order to relax completely or for religious reasons n.冥想，沉思5. parapsychology: the scientific study of mysterious abilities that some people claim to have, such as knowing what wil happen in the future n.通灵学6. environment=condition=light, sound, warmth=situation=circumstance n.环境7. alter=change=revise=make changes v. 改变8. trial=experiment=test n.实验9. success rate=positive result=achievement=progress=breakthrough=accomplishment n.成就10. pick out=identify=recognize=know=tel v.认出，识别11. limit=minimize=maximum=the most=ceiling=cut-off point v.限制12. different=individual=not like=vary=not the same=contrast with=diverse adj.独特的13. invention=device=creation=innovation n.发明，装置14. cold temperature=freezing weather=chil y=frosty=wintry=cold snap adj.寒冷的15. farming=agriculture n.农业16. simultaneous=at the same time=together=at once=at one time adj.同时的17. uniform=equal=homogeneous adj.均衡的18. devise=formulate=invent=create=come up with=make up=conceive=coin=dream upv.创造19. civil=municipal=metropolitan adj.城市的20. divide=split=separate=break up=break down=take apart=take something to piece v.分开21. new=revolutionary=original=innovation=fresh=novel=be in its infancy adj.新的，革命的22. create=introduce=invent=make sth. do sth.=be the cause=lead to sth. v..发明23. organize=co-ordinate=arrange=set out=put something in order=line up v.组织，使协调24. public event=communal activity 公众、社交活动25. aviation disaster=sky accident=air crash 空难26. prompt=result in=lead to=make somebody do something=cause somebody to dosomething=lead somebody to do something=motivate=induce somebody to do something v.导致27. resemble=like=similar=alike=much the same=comparable v.类似28. oversimplify=incomplete=simplistic=generalize=see things in black and white adj.过于简化的，不完整的29. altitude=from…meters above the ground=height=how high=level n.高度30. zone=airspace=region=area=district=quarter=block=suburb n.区域31. weather=meteorological=climate=condition n.气候32. categorize=class / type=sort=classify=be grouped=grade v.分类33. create=establish=invent=start up=open=set up=found=inception v.创建34. beacon and flashing=light=beam n.灯光35. improve=develop=evolve=get better=catch up=pick up=things are looking up v.发展，进化36. aircraft=plane=by air n.飞机37. average-sized=medium-sized adj. 中等的38. city=metropolitan=urban=town=vil age=civic=municipal=downtown n.城市39. pendulum : a long metal stick with a weight at the bottom that swings regularly from side to side to control the working of a clock n.钟摆40. coincidental : happening completely by chance without being planned adj.巧合的41. disobey : to refuse to do what someone with authority tel s you to do, or refuse to obey a rule or law v.不服从Cambridge 8 TEST 2drastical y : extreme and sudden adv.彻底地carry out : subject to : 使服从remain=stay=keep=continue to be=stil v.保持detect=inspect=examine=notice=spot=become aware /conscious=note=conserve=perceive v.检查fault=flaw=defect=trouble=bug=virus=be something wrong with=be something matter with n.缺陷，缺点enough=sufficient=adequate=cover=meet somebody's need adj.足够的main=largely=principal=chief=major=key=primary=prime=predominant=core adj.主要的:documentation=written account=evidence=proof n.证明shift=switch=transfer=move=jerk v.转换consistent=lasting=stay the same=constant=unchanging adj.持续的drought=no rain at al =dry=dusty adj.干旱的period=cycle=era=age n.年代random=arbitrary=at random adj.随机的molten=hot=heat=boiling / boiling hot=scalding / scalding hot adj.熔化的intense=strong=passionate=powerful=deep adj.强烈的discover=explore=find / unearth=turn up v.开发，发现pattern=trade / commodity=business n.贸易relate to=associate with=link to / connect to=identify with 联系feeling=emotional response / sensory=a sense of=passion n. 感觉unappreciated=undervalued adj.低估的difficult=elusive=hard / tough=easier said than done adj.困难的，难懂的study=research=analyse=do/conduct research v.研究smell=odour=scent n.气味interpretation=be considered to be=understanding=reading n.理解define=distinguish=tel the difference v.使明确damage=impair=break=do/cause damage=scratch v.损害realize=consciously consider=occur to=become aware=sink in=strike=hit=wake up to the fact that v.想到reveal=show=demonstrate=let somebody see=present=expose=let somebody take alook v.显示to be defined=unanswered 无答案的husbands and wives=marriage partner / spouse=couple=newlyweds 夫妇linguistic=language n.语言describe=name=express=give a description of=talk about=write about=give an accountof=tell of v.描述lack=do not exist=not enough=scarce=inadequate=insufficient=in short supply v.缺乏的do not smel =odorless 没有气味的regard as=consider to 把…认作unpleasant=offensive=horrible / disgusting / revolting=not very nice=nasty adj.极讨厌的certain=some=a measure of adj.一些correspond=be consist of=coincide=match up v.一致relevance n.关联float=afloat v.浮动1. building=property=construction n.建筑2. support=back=be behind=in support of=back somebody up v.支持3. financial support=fund=financial aid 资助4. stumbling block=difficulty=trouble n.麻烦5. create=generate=form=produce v.形成6. direct=guide=lead=instruct=give order/instruction v.指导7. beam=laser=ray=glow=glare n.光线，激光8. aim=direct at=purpose=point=idea=objective=goal=target n.目的9. test in real=field test 实地测试10. genius=giftedness / talent / intel ectual=intel igence=brains=bril iant=wisdom n.天才11. inherit=run in family=receive=get=be given=be awarded v.继承12. talent=prodigy=skil =ability=craftsmanship=flair=have a knack=a natural ability to do something wel n.才能，技能13. lessen=minimize=subside=lighten=relieve=ease=al ay v.减少14. significance=supremacy=definition=meaning=sense=connotation n.重要性15. achieve=make=succeed=manage=make progress=accomplish=get results v.达成16. limitation=restricted=disadvantage=drawback=liability=the downside n.限制17. inexorable=inevitable=unstoppable=remorseless adj.无法改变的18. stable=characteristic=constant=steady=fixed=unchanging adj.稳定的19. life span=duration of life20. biological clock=internal clock 生物钟21. prolong=extend=drag out=spin out v.延伸，延长22. principle=law=conscience=scruples n.原则，法则23. optimal=better=best adj.最佳的24. conserve=save / frugal=reserve=keep back v.节约，保存25. immortality : the state of living for ever or being remembered for ever adj.不朽的26. organism=living thing=life form=wildlife =an animal, plant, human, or any otherliving thing n.有机的1. building=property=construction n.建筑2. support=back=be behind=in support of=back somebody up v.支持3. financial support=fund=financial aid 资助4. stumbling block=difficulty=trouble n.麻烦5. create=generate=form=produce v.形成6. direct=guide=lead=instruct=give order/instruction v.指导7. beam=laser=ray=glow=glare n.光线，激光8. aim=direct at=purpose=point=idea=objective=goal=target n.目的9. test in real=field test 实地测试10. genius=giftedness / talent / intel ectual=intel igence=brains=bril iant=wisdom n.天才11. inherit=run in family=receive=get=be given=be awarded v.继承12. talent=prodigy=skil =ability=craftsmanship=flair=have a knack=a natural ability to do something wel n.才能，技能13. lessen=minimize=subside=lighten=relieve=ease=al ay v.减少14. significance=supremacy=definition=meaning=sense=connotation n.重要性15. achieve=make=succeed=manage=make progress=accomplish=get results v.达成16. limitation=restricted=disadvantage=drawback=liability=the downside n.限制17. inexorable=inevitable=unstoppable=remorseless adj.无法改变的18. stable=characteristic=constant=steady=fixed=unchanging adj.稳定的19. life span=duration of life 寿命20. biological clock=internal clock 生物钟21. prolong=extend=drag out=spin out v.延伸，延长22. principle=law=conscience=scruples n.原则，法则23. optimal=better=best adj.最佳的24. conserve=save / frugal=reserve=keep back v.节约，保存25. immortality : the state of living for ever or being remembered for ever adj.不朽的26. organism=living thing=life form=wildlife =an animal, plant, human, or any otherliving thing n.有机的1. middle-year education=lower secondary school 中学2. format=pattern n.格式3. less successful student=struggler 差等生4. key=contributing factor=important=major=significant=critical n.关键5. achievement=attainment=progress=breakthrough=accomplishment n.成就6. spacious=largely=big=huge=vast=enormous=immense adj.广阔的7. adapt=accessible=get used to=become/grow accustomed to=adjust to v.适应，可接近的8. careful=elaborate=conscientious=thorough=meticulous=methodical adj.仔细的，精心的9. supplementary=assist=additional=extra=further=added=spare=more=another n.补充，帮助10. effort=hard work=work at=push yourself=labour n.努力11. correct answer=accuracy n.精确12. imbalance=disorder=unequal=disproportionate n.不平衡，紊乱13. no longer respond=resistance=fight against 抵抗14. cost=financial outlay=spend=charge=fare=rental=tol n.支出15. innate=built-in adj.先天的16. immunity=resistance n.免疫力17. entail=involve v.包含18. circumstance=system n.环境，系统19. feed on=prey on 以…为食20. blight=plague v.破坏21. wipe out=eradicate=get rid of=abolish=scrap=do away with=eliminate 根除22. plague=infest=troublesome v.折磨23. compare=determination of variation=contrast=liken=make a comparison=draw an analogy=draw a parallel v.对比24. criterion=identification=standard=scale n.标准，识别25. compatible=use both method=well-matched=be made for each other=be a perfectmatch /pair/couple=be right for=be ideal y suited adj.兼容的26. specimen=individual n.标本27. container=plastic or glass tube n.容器28. wet=marshy=soaked=waterlogged=awash adj.湿的29. habitat=area=the environment=ecosystem=ecology n.栖息地30. pitfal =trap n.陷阱31. little time and effort is required=minimal maintenance and intervention 最小程度的维修与介入32. pesticide: a chemical substance used to kil insects and smal animals that destroy crops n.杀虫剂33. preservative: a chemical substance that is used to prevent things from decaying, for example food or wood n.防腐剂剑7Cambridge 7 TEST 11. rely on=depend on 依靠 v.2. avoid=stay away=keep away=steer clear of=make a detour 避免 v.3. die out=extinct=disappear=no longer exist 灭绝 v.4. hunt=search for=look for=try to find=in search of 打猎 v.5. limb=arm or leg=body=organ 四肢 n.6. perceive=sense=see=spot=become aware of=observe 感知，感觉 v.7. calculate=measure=work out=figure=estimate=access 计算 v.8. detection=finding=observation 探测 n.9. coin=invent=make=create=come up with 发明，创造 v.10. inaccurate=incorrect=wrong=misleading 不精确的 adj.11. revision=change=shift=reform=alteration 改进 n.12. downward=fal =drop=downhil 下降的 adj.13. increasing=soaring=growing=rising 上升的 adj.14. primarily=mainly=largely=chiefly=principal y 主要地 adv.15. due to=because of=as a result of=thanks to=owing to 因为16. decrease=reduce=fal =drop 下降 v.17. radical=not traditional=new=unconventional 激进的 adj.18. prior to=beforehand=before=in advance=on the eve of 之前19. demanding=difficult=hard=chal enging=tough 要求高的，艰难的 adj.20. wel known=notorious=famous=renowned 著名的 adj.21. admit=acknowledge=confess=to tel the truth 承认 v.22. be similar to=like=resemble=bear a resemblance to=akin to 相似 v.23. result in=lead to=cause=give rise to=bring about 引发，导致24. sophisticated=advanced=high-tech=complex=complicated 复杂的25. address=solve=deal with=handle 处理 v.26. imitate=copy=impersonate=fol ow one's example 模仿 v.27. maintain=continue=carry on=keep up=preserve 维持 v.28. feed=eat=have=chew=swal ow=consume 喂食 v.29. il ustrate=show=demonstrate=make clear=reflect 说明 v.30. memorise=learn=commit something to memory 记忆 v.31. conventional=traditional=conformist=conservative 传统的 v.32. notice=see=spot=be aware of=be conscious of 注意到 v.33. retain=keep=save=hold on to 保持 v.34. convince=persuade=win sb. over=satisfy 使确信 v.35. spectacular=impressive=imposing=striking=grand 壮观的 adj.Cambridge 7 TEST 21. interior=inner=inside 内部的 adj.2. change=shift=alter=transfer 改变 v.3. establish=build=found=set up=start 建立 v.4. official=authority=leader=supervisor 官员 n.5. isolated=inaccessible=distant=remote=faraway 隔离的, 边远的 adj.6. collapse=fall=fall over=fall down 倒塌 v.7. destroy=devastate=wreck=obliterate 毁灭 v.8. absorb=digest=take in=assimilate 吸收 v.9. severe=serious=stiff=heavy 严重的 adj.10. purify=refine=distil 净化 v.11. hidden=disguised=concealed=veiled 隐藏的 adj.12. decline=decrease=reduce=fal =drop 下降 v.13. deteriorate=get worse=go down=decline 变坏 v.14. recognize=know=identify=pick out 认出 v.15. conclude=summarize=come to/reach the conclusion 得出结论 v.16. adapt to=get used to=become accustomed to=adjust to 适应 v.17. initiate=start=launch=open=set in motion 开始，发起 v.18. refer to=mention=al ude to=touch on 提到 v.19. identify=name=recognize=diagnose 确定，认同 v.20. request=demand=claim=petition=appeal 要求 n.21. be divided into=separate=split=break up=break down 分开 v.22. consist of=be made up of=be composed of=comprise 由…组成23. hinder=hamper=impede 阻碍 v.24. objective=aim=purpose=goal=target 目标 n.25. implement=carry on=execute=put sth. Into practice 实行 v.26. promote=encourage=help=aid 促进 v.27. warn=caution=alert=give sb. a warning 警告 v.28. observation post=watchtower 瞭望塔 n.29. access=entrance=entryway=way in 通路，进入 n.Cambridge 7 TEST 31. cause=reason=factor=origin=root 原因 n.2. measure=weigh=time=take=read 测量 v.3. route=motorway=highway=expressway 车道 n.4. exclude=omit=miss out=leave out=drop 排除在外 v.5. renewable=sustainable=recycling=environmental y friendly 可再生的 adj.6. exist=there is/are=be found=occur 存在 v.7. limit=restrict=constrain=confine=keep to 限制 v.8. boundary=border=edge=outskirts=frontier 边界 n.9. al ow for=make sth. Possible 使…成为可能10. proposal=suggestion=recommendation=proposition 提议 n.11. urban=city=town=municipal 城市的 adj.12. odour=smel =stench=stink 味道 n.13. find one's way=navigate 导航 v.14. bearing=position=standing 方位 n.15. exchange=share=distribute 分享 v.16. waste=unwanted materials=rubbish=garbage=trash 废物 n.17. dental=teeth 牙齿的 adj.18. priority=preferential=the most important=overriding 优先 n.19. encourage=promote=help=support=be supportive 鼓励 v.20. explore=look for=discuss=think 探索 v.21. factor=cause=reason=root=origin 因素 n.22. cultivate=grow=raise 培养 v.23. convert=modify=transfer=adapt=customize 转变 v.24. digest=take in=absorb=assimilate 消化 v.25. preserve=protect=keep=store=keep sth. In storage 保存，保护 v.26. monitor=watch=keep an eye on 监视 v.27. al ocate=distribute=apportion=grant=confer 分配 v.28. decline=decrease=reduce=fal =drop 下降 v.29. fragile=weak=delicate=breakable=feeble 脆弱的 adj.30. upgrade=improve=make sth.better=make improvements 改进，提高 v.31. advanced=developed=sophisticated=high-tech 先进的 adj.32. sustainable=renewable=recycling=environmental y friendly 可持续的 adj.33. evidence=proof=documentation 证据 n.34. long-standing=lengthy=long-running=lasting 长期的 adj.Cambridge 7 TEST 41. large numbers of=tens of thousands of=many 大量的2. large=massive=huge=enormous=vast 巨大的 adj.3. resemble=look like=alike=much the same=akin to 相像 v.4. foe=enemy=adversary=hostile 敌人 n.5. more than=exceed=over=in excess of 超过 v.6. decrease=crash=reduction=fal =drop 下降 n.7. stop=halt=come to a halt 停止 v.8. sufficient=abundant=enough=adequate 充足的 adj.9. establish=found=build=set up 建立 v.10. be Successful=prosper=do well=succeed=thrive 成功11. recognize=certify=accept=acknowledge 承认 v.12. label=display=cal =brand=hail 贴标签，命名 v.13. adapt=adjust=get used to=become/grow accustomed to 适应 v.14. mistake=error=fault=slip=mix-up 错误 n.15. keep a check on=monitor=watch=keep an eye on 监视 v.16. unexpected=unpredictable=unforeseeable 不可预见的 adj.17. general y=in general=in the whole=al in al =al things considered 大体上的 adv.18. previously=before=earlier=formerly 先前 adv.19. apply=use=make use of=exercise=utilize 应用 v.20. due to=because=since=owing to=thanks to=as a result of 因为21. raise=lift=lift up=pick up=scoop up 使…上升 v.22. in addition=besides=additional y=too=also=as well 除此之外23. inhabitant=resident=population=citizen=local 居民 n.24. collapse=failure=fall 崩塌，失败 n.25. set up=establish=found=start=open 建立26. ensure=make sure=make certain=see to it that 保证 v.27. assist=help=aid=give a hand=do sth. For 协助 v.28. deny=refuse=withhold 否认 v.29. permit=al ow=let=agree to=authorize 许可 v.30. interfere=intrude=disrupt=meddle 干扰 v.31. repeat=redo=retake=do sth. again 重复 v.32. prevent=stop=restrain=hold back=discourage 阻止 v.33. disrupt=disturb=upset=break up 打扰 v.34. long-term=chronic=long=lengthy=long-running 长期的 adj.35. expose=show=reveal=present=let sb. see 暴露，揭发 v.36. intense=strong=passionate=powerful=fervent 强烈的 adj.37. random=arbitrary=at random 任意的，随机的 adj.38. require=demand=need=cal for 要求 v.39. fatigue=tiredness=exhaustion=drowsiness 疲劳 n.40. manifest=show=reveal=present 显示 v.41. concentrate=pay attention=put one's mind on=attentive 专注 v.42. produce=make=manufacture=create=fashion 生产 v.43. carry out=implement=put sth. into practice=execute 实行 v.44. perform=do=conduct=dabble in 执行 v.剑6：Cambridge 6 TEST 1exchange=apply something learned in one to others=change 交流 v. expertise=skil 专门技术 n.employ=analyze=study 使用 v.investigation=analysis 调查 n.narrow=focus on 缩小范围 v.reproduce=copy=replicate=repeat 复制 v.funded support=finance 资金 n.athlete=sportsmen and women 运动员 n.calculate=measure 计算 v.event=championship 赛事 n.plan=prepare=design 计划 v.improve=grow=get better 进步 v.trade=economy 贸易 n.transport=import or export=deliver 运输 v.local=domestic=native=indigenous 当地的 adj.weakening=less=reduced=decreased 下降的 adj.value=worth=price=credit=use=benefit=profit 价值 n.delivery=export or import 运输 n.nearby nations=geographic neighbours 近邻 n.international=ocean=global=worldwide 国际的 adj.shipping=freight 船运 n.cargo=freight=goods 货物 n.tariff=charge=fee=tax 税费 n.landscape=environment=nature=surrounding=circumstance=view 风景 n. difficult=harsh=demanding=tough=chal enging 困难的 adj.essential supplies=food and clothing=necessities 必需品 n.supply=provision=support 供给 n.grow=increase=rise=improve=go up=boost=expand=extend 增长 v. respect=credibility=weight=hour=admiration=consideration 尊重 n. understanding=knowledge 了解 n.well-being=health 健康 n.impossible=out of the question=unlikely 不可能 adj.catch=exploit=capture 抓捕 v.surrounding=environment=circumstance 环境 n.push to one's limits=test one's limits 挑战极限not unmanageable=can cope with 能处理的present inhabitant=descendant 居民give up=abandon 放弃mainly=heavily=most 主要地visit=venture 参观Cambridge 6 TEST 21. successfully=spectacularly wel =wonderfully 成功地 adv.2. people power=local pressure groups 群众力量 n.3. commute=travel 通勤 v.4. higher=increasing=more 更高的 adj.5. income=wealth=salary=wage=payment 收入 n.6. beneficial=valuable=profitable=good 有益的 adj.7. together=face to face 共同8. refute=not mean=rebut=deny 反驳 v.9. accommodation=live=living condition 住宿 n.10. usage=use=benefit=profit 用处 n.11. averagely good=reasonable but not special 较好的12. limited=minimal 有限的 adj.13. move from one to another=adopt one over another 转移14. show=reveal=uncover=indicate=point out=imply 表明15. related=associated 有关联的 adj.16. suffer=be afflicted 忍受(病痛)v.17. research=study=investigation=survey 研究 n.18. affect=afflict=influence=change 影响 v.19. disease=medical complain=il ness 病痛 n.20. increase=surge=rise=gain=grow=go up=add=escalate 上升 v.21. link=correlation=connection=relationship 关系 n.22. considerable=significant=substantial=massive=marked 大量的 adj.23. reduction=drop=concession=fal =decrease 下降 n.24. elderly people=old people 老人 n.25. independent=self-reliant 自立的 adj.26. regular=daily 定期的 adj.27. exercise=physical activity 运动 n.28. chal enging=difficult=tough=demanding 有挑战性的 adj.29. decline=deteriorate=reduce=drop=decrease 下降 v.30. lonely=emotional y isolated 孤独的 adj.31. hand signal=gesture=body language 手势 n.32. restricted=limited 有限的 adj.33. concept=abstract idea=definition 定义 n.34. specific=particular=detailed 特定的 adj.35. early=older 早期的 adj.36. fulfil =qualify=achieve=keep=satisfy 完成 v.37. sufficient=enough 足够的 adj.38. quantity=how many=amount 数量 n.39. misunderstanding=confusion 误解 n.40. prevent=resolve=forbid=stop 防止 v.41. poor=lack of=impoverished 贫穷 adj.42. newer=later=recent=present 新的 adj.43. ancestor=early people=predecessor 祖先 n.雅思阅读同义词替换(剑六 TEST 3)Cambridge 6 TEST 31. teach=educate=cultivate=nature 教育 v.2. actor=star 演员 n.3. first=initial=early=primary 最早的 adj.4. storyline=narrative=plot 故事情节 n.5. globe=world 世界 n.6. early=first=ancient 早期的 adj.7. passing of time=flow of time 时光的流逝8. describe=tell 描述 v.9. realistic=achievable 现实的 adj.10. target=goal=aim 目标 n.11. feedback=comment=advice=criticism 反馈 n.12. match to=suit to 合适13. reward=promotion or advancement=prize=benefit 奖励 n.14. link to=make something contingent on=associate with=connect with=relate to 联系起来15. achievement=attainment=gain=success 成就 n.16. remuneration=payment 酬金 n.17. tend to=prone to 倾向于18. feel=perceive=think=find=experience=notice=have an opinion 感觉 v.19. participate=be involved in=take part in=join 参加 v.20. staff=employee=worker 员工 n.21. visible=disclosed=obvious=noticeable 可见的 adj.22. clerical worker=clerk 书记员 n.23. judge=rate=criticize=assess=evaluate=gauge=appraise 评判 v.24. job=work=assignment 工作 n.25. delay=slow=prolong=postpone=procrastinate=shelve=put off 延后 v.26. growing old=ageing 变老27. people=mortal=people=individual 人 n.28. life=lifespan 生命29. chance=likelihood=fortune=hope=possibility=opportunity=risk=luck 机会 n.30. production=generation=output 产量 n.31. theory=hypothesis=guess=guesswork 猜想 n.32. focus on=emphasize=aim at=concentrate on 集中于33. short=scarce=limited=insufficient 短缺的 adj.。

让知识带有温度。

雅思阅读同义词替换介绍整理雅思阅读同义词替换介绍1. outcome=product=result=conclusion=consequence 结果，后果n.2. overcome=win=get over=exceed克服，战胜v.3. insufficient=deficient=shortage=lack=scarcity不足的adj.4. supply=provide=furnish=give 供应v.5. launch=release=project=send=shot=emit 开头，投放v.6. suppose=expect=imagine=guess=speculate=think猜想，设想v.7. detect=perceive=explore=sense发觉，觉察v.8. handicap=difficult=obstacle=hindrance=bar=deterrent 障碍，困难n.9. peer=the people who are at the same age as you, or who have the same type of job, social class etc.同龄人，伙伴n.10. positive=optimistic=uplifting 乐观的adj.11. administer=manage=conduct=implement=perform执行，管理v.12. funding=money=funds=financial resource 资金，基金n.第1页/共2页千里之行，始于足下。

13. interact=if people interact with each other, they talk to each other, work together etc. 互动v.14. irrigation=the supplement of land or crops with water 浇灌n.15. sedimentation=the natural process by which small pieces of rock, earth etc settle at the bottom of the sea etc and form a solid layer 积淀n.【雅思阅读同义词替换介绍】文档内容到此结束，欢迎大家下载、修改、丰富并分享给更多有需要的人。

剑桥雅思阅读替换同义词雅思阅读题目出题的本质是三种替换：同义词/词组替换，句型替换，语法替换，笔者将从这三方面根据学生课堂笔记进行分类整理。

以下是剑桥真题中的考点词,替换词,一次多义总结：1.rigid/stiff/unchanged/little change僵硬的，一成不变的2.significant/enormous/dramatic/tremendous/appreciably/remarkable/crucial/巨大的,明显的，程度大的/substantial3.approximately 将近-nearly, almost4.proportion/percentage 比例5.be involved (in)/involve in/involvement[n.]涉及，卷入，参与6.given/considering , in regard to/despite/although有鉴于、考虑到，尽管6.induce [v] 引入，引导，引诱/inductive [n] 归纳>< deduce/deductive推断7.fortune/destiny/chances8.deplete 开采完，耗尽/exhaust–exhaust emission (尾气)排放/exploitplex 错综复杂的/complicated/sophisticated老奸巨滑的，复杂的10.capacity能力，容量/competence（竞争）能力/ability能力（笼统的）11.确保，保障：Secure-security/ensure (insure)/guarantee 押金12.solely/merely/only13.a vast arrayof 系列/a great variety of 花样，品种/a great rang 系列of14.pesticide 杀虫/suicide 自杀/homicide/murder杀人15.believe/assume(responsibility)/suppose16.授权，委托：authorize/commission 佣金/entitle 头衔+ment =right （权利）17.purchase/buy18. ethnic 种族的/ethic 伦理，道德的+ s =[n]19. modify/change [v] shift work 轮班工作[n]20. insight/knowledge/learning/understanding/knowing21.constrain拘泥，限制/restrict 限制/limit22.circumstance 环境（社会）/surroundings/environment 环境（环保）背景background 后台/settings后台，布景/context 上下文（文章中）23.notorious 臭名昭著的/flagrant臭的><fragrant 香的24.移民：immigrant (进来)/emigrant(出去)/migrant25.兴旺，繁荣；prosperous/thriving/booming（人口，行业）/flourishing26.神圣的：divine/heavenly/holy/sacred27.有毒的：poisonous/toxic ( in-, non- 无毒的)28.致命的：deadly/fatal/lethal/mortal29.类似于：look like/resemble30. chronic长期的,慢性的— long-term长期的31.网恋：virtuallove/cyber love32.网友：on-line/net/cyberfriend上网（聊天）chat on line/go on-line cyber café/网吧33.evolve-evolution进化/revolute-revolution 革命，旋转/involve-involution 卷入，涉及34. indicator/predictor表示诠释，预测35.indicate/demonstrate/display/exhibit/betray36.therapist/expert/specialist37. 优点，长处，美德：advantage/merit/virtue/length38. commonest/frequent39. 未开发的，初级的：rudimentary/underdeveloped40. 退化：degenerate/-tion [n] ->generate 生产，制造/degrade->grade 等级/deteriorate 恶化，每况愈下41. 分类：category-categorize/class-classify42.consequence后果->影响/subsequence紧跟其后/sequence=order秩序/frequency频率43.clash冲突（民族，种族）/crash 飞机坠毁44. substitution=> substitute sth for sb/replace45.alternative=> 选择性，代替性，辅助性46.孤立：isolate/alienate/insulate隔绝，排外，孤立->be alien to/insulate (-ior)绝缘，隔（体）47．缺点，不足之处：defect/flaw/failing/disadvantage/drawback48.创新的，发明的，新颖的，创新的：inventive (-tion)/innovative(-tion)/creative(-tion)/ingenious (ity)/novel (-ty)=>[n]/creative/revolutionary (易错拼写：environment/convenient)49．neutral中立的，中性的/negative 否定，消极，阴性的/positive 肯定，积极，阳性的50．ambiguous->ambiguity模棱两可的，暧昧的/obscuremunicate 沟通，传达52.accommodate1供...食宿，2=adapt to 适应，调整，3=hold 容纳，4使…停靠mitment1 ~ to sth. 奉献2责任,义务54．contribute to 导致~ result in/account for(占据)导致54.缺乏的，不足的：inadequate/insufficient/deficient/lack (of)/short(of)55.强调：emphasize/stress/highlight/focus on/concentrate明显的：apparently 显而易见的/patently道貌岸然的/obviously=>evidently56.对…怀疑：(be)/skeptical/skeptical/dubious/suspicious (about/of)57.缺点，缺陷：drawback/fault/defect/imperfection/failing/weakness/shortcoming/flaw58.臭命昭著的：notorious->notoriety/flagrant/smelly/odorous59.机构，组织：association/structure/organization60.超过：exceed/surpass61.岩浆：molten rock/lava/magma62.语言：linguist ~学家/lingual和~有关的/bilingual/双语63.多种多样的：diversity/variety/breed/speciesbreed：[n]品种，[v]繁殖，培养，引起，造成64.dialect 方言accent腔调65.开始的，初步的：begin/launch/initial (-ly) [v]首字母，开始的/initiate开始，发动>initiative 原创性= origin66.贫穷：poor/in poverty/impoverished（被剥夺财产的）67.杰出：eminence (-t)/prominence(-t)/unusual68.gene/genetic defect ~缺陷/anatomy解剖/conceive构思，怀孕/deliver分娩69.辅助性：alternative补充性/therapist70.演绎，推理：deduce->deductive/inferential >< induce 引导，引入，归纳-> induction归纳71.令人困惑的：bewildering/puzzling/perplexing72.apply：紧靠，涂，将…应用于，适用，专心致力于，献身于73.subsidize辅助/subsidy补助，补贴/subsidiary74.a factor in sth/depend on sth75.be preferred by/choice76.attitude to/how77.the present century/modernsociety78.broad/great79.in term of 按照，在…方面，关于/with regard to, in spiteof 不顾，尽管80. small-scale 小范围/marginal边缘处的81. physical/medical82.negotiation/agreement 谈判，洽谈/商定，协议83.evolve/develop84.apartment/accommodation 公寓/住房85.virtual (love)/simulate模拟的（网恋）/模拟86.catastrophe/disaster 大灾难/灾难，不幸87.innovate/invent 革新，创新/发明，创造sculpture/craft 雕刻，雕塑/工艺88.exorbitant/expensive 过度的，极高的/费用大的，昂贵的89. be participant in/take part in/participate inbour[美，澳]/work91.attend to/take care of92.dual employment/dual-worker双职工（家庭）93.indicate/predict 指示，表明，象征/预料，预言A major contributorto/becentral to 来源，起点/是…的主要，中心原因94.expert/therapist 专家，能手；知识丰富的/某个专科的专家95.lead to/be associated with 相联系（带来…的好处）96.balanced/equitable平等的97.handicap/disabled/primitive 残疾的，落后的98. could not-and cannot/hasalways been unable to by/from99.benefit/advantage100.substantialinfluence/greater likelihood101.agree on/define102.considereddesirable/effectiveness103.masquerade/(in) disguise伪装104.insignificant/didn’t seriously 不重要/不严重的105.inspect/examine审核,检查106．caliber/criterion 标准107．no-one know>< notorious无人知晓><臭名昭著的108．dissatisfy/argue 不满意/厌恶，讨厌109.pessimism/negative/blue >< optimistic 悲观的，忧郁的>< 乐观的110.unsatisfactory/hardly belooked upon111.identify/define恒星英语论坛112.turn… into/become113.urban/rural/suburban114.demolish/knock down/dismantle 毁坏，拆毁（建筑物）/敲，打115.migration/move 迁移/移动116.pay/charge sb for向某人…猛攻，充电，负责，付费，控诉117.separate/split 分开，使隔绝，提取/分，劈开118.fascination/attraction (-e:[v]) 迷住，吸引住119.notrequire/unnecessary 不需要/不必要120.decode/decipher 译解（密码），解释121.delay/drawback= disadvantage 耽误，延迟/欠缺，弊端122.association/organization 机构，关联/组织123.recent/current/nowadays/present 最近的/现代的/当今的/现在124.intensiveburst/explosiverelease 强烈的爆发/爆炸性的释放125.recognized/identified 承认，识别，认可/识别，鉴别126.aim to/focus on 针对，目标，打算/集中127.link…to/lead to连接/导致，通向128. inadequate (diet)/deficiency (in trace minerals) 不充分，不适当的/缺乏，不足129.basic/fundamental基础的，基本的130.seize/catch 捕捉，抓住131.fatal/lethal 致命的132.success on/running on 成功133.costly/be related by有关系的134.be obtained in/be derivedin 获得，流行，通用/由…产生，起源于135.high-income/wealthy 高收入的/富裕的136.be alike/be similar to 相同的，相似的137.indicate/show显示，指出，象征138. eliminate/lessen >< 消除/减少139. not risensignificantly/stagnate 停滞不前的140.salary/wage 工资：总称/蓝领的141.create/gain创造，造成/获得，增加efficiently/increased productivity 有效率的/上升的生产率142.economy/financial 经济143.administration/management144.(be) sympathetic/understand 同情的，赞同/理解145.introduce/involve 引入/卷入146.change/different来源:恒星英语网147.die>< exist死亡><存在148.almost/approximately149.be out of date/bedeveloped150.solve/reduce 减少151.famous/eminent152.barrier/hurdle153.higher position/top post154.Advantage: virtue, merit,benefit , positive aspect, strength, 好处,优点,长处155.Disadvantage: weakness,failing, weakness, defect, drawback, negative aspect,fault不利,缺点,缺陷156.Casual: arbitrary, unplanned, unexpected,随意的157.Effective: efficient, effectual, fruitful, productive,valid多效的158.Criticize: reproach, blame, 批评159.Flaw: weakness, defect缺点160.Ability; capability, power, caliber能力161.Dishonest: deceptive不诚实的162.Fair: equitable, equal, impartial, 公平的163.Success: achievement,feat成功来源:恒星英语网164.Reason:factor, contributor, origin, 原因165.Result: outcome, consequence,implication结果166.Result from: arise from, originate from, be due to, thanksto, 由于，因为167.Give rise to: contribute to, lead to, result in, cause, breed,create, incur导致168.Disaster: catastrophe 灾难169.Pollute: contaminate污染170.Poisonous: toxic 有毒的171.Decrease; fall, drop, plunge, decline,step back, downward, minimize, abate 下降172.Increase: rise, go up, surge,grow, 上升173.Growing: increasing, rising, 上升的。

名师：雅思阅读同义词替换（一）1. important =crucial (extremelyimportant),significant(amount or effect large enough to be important)mon=universal, ubiquitous(if something is ubiquitous, it seems to be everywhere)3.abundant=ample(enough and usually extra), plentiful(enough for people's needs and wants)4.stick=adhere, cling(hold on something tightly)5.neglect=ignore.(difference: neglect means someone has not paid enough attention to something; ignore means no attention.)6.near=adjacent(twothings next to each other), adjoin(the same as adjacent)7.pursue=woo(man woos woman, old-fashioned), seek(if you seek sth, you try to obtain it. FORMAL)8.accurate=precise(precise is exact and accurate in all details), exact(correct in every detail)9.vague=obscure(unknown or known by only a few people)10.top=peak, summitpetitor=rival, opponent(especially in sports and politics)12.blame=condemn(if you condemn something, you say it is very bad and unacceptable)13.opinon=perspective, standpoint(means looking at an event or situation in a particular way)14.fame=prestige(describe those who are admired), reputation15.build=erect(you can erect something as buildings, FORMAL), establish16.insult=humiliate(do something or say something which makes people feel ashamed or stupid)plain=grumble (complain something in a bad-tempered way)18.primary=radical (very important and great in degree), fundamental19.relieve=alleviate(alleviate means you make pain or sufferings less intense or severe)20.force=coerces into(coerce means you make someone do something s/he does not want to),compel21.enlarge=magnify(magnify means make something larger than it really is)plex=intricate(if something is intricate, it often has many small parts and details)23. Lonely=solitary (if someone is solitary, there is no one near him/her24.small=minuscule(very small), minute,25.praise=extol(stronger than praise), compliment(polite and political)26.hard-working=assiduous(someone who is assiduous works hard or does things very thoroughly27.difficult=arduous(if something is arduous, it is difficult and tiring, and involves a lot of efforts)28.poor(soil)=barren, infertile(used to describe the soil is so poor that plants cannot be planted on it)29.fragile=brittle, vulnerable(someone who is vulnerable is easily hurt emotionally or physically)30.show=demonstrate (to demonstrate a fact means tp make it clear to people.)41.surprise=startle(it means surprise you slightly), astound(surprise you to a large degree),astonish(the same as astound)42.enthusiasm=zeal (a great enthusiasm), fervency (sincere and enthusiasm)43.quiet=tranquil(calm and peaceful), serene(calm and quiet)!44.expensive=exorbitant(it means too expensive that it should be)45.luxurious=lavish(impressive and very expensive), sumptuous(grand and very expensive46.boring=tedious(if you describe something tedious, you mean it is boring and frustrating)47.respect=esteem(if you esteem someone, you respect and admire him/her. FORMAL)48.worry=fret(if you fret about something, you worry about it)49.cold=chilly(unpleasantly cold), icy(extremely cold)50.hot=boiling(very hot)51.dangerous=perilous(very dangerous, hazardous(dangerous, especially to people's safety and health)52.nowadays=currently53.only=unique(the only one of its kind), distinctive;54.stop=cease(if something ceases, it stops happening or existing)55.part=component(the components of something are the parts that it is made of)56.result=consequence(the results or effects of something)57.obvious=apparent, manifest58.basedon=derived fromcan see or notice them very easily)60.quite=fairly61.pathetic=lamentable(very uncomfortable and disappointing)62.field=domain(a particular field of thought, activities or interest)63.appear=emerge(come into existence)64.whole=entire(the whole of something)865.wet=moist(slightly wet), damp(slightly wet), humid(very damp and hot)66.wrong=erroneous(incorrect or partly correct)67.difficult=formidable68.change=convert(change into another form)69.typical=quintessential(this word means represent a typical example of something)70.careful=cautious(very careful in order to avoid danger), prudent(careful and sensible)71.ability=capacity, capability(the same as ability)72.strange=eccentric(if some one is eccentric, s/he behaves in a strange way, or his/her opinion is different from most people)73.rich=affluent(if you are affluent, you have a lot of money)e= utilize (the same as use)75.dubious=skeptical(if you are skeptical about something, you have doubts on it.)76.satisfy=gratify (if you are gratified by something, it gives you pleasure and satisfaction)77.short=fleeting, ephemeral(if something is ephemeral, it lasts a short time)78.scholarship=fellowship79.angry=enraged(extremely angry)80.smelly=malodorous(used to describe an unpleasant smell)81.ugly=hideous(if something is hideous, it is very ugly or unattractive)82.attractive=appealing(pleasing and attractive),absorbing(something absorbing can attract you a great deal)83.diverse=miscellaneous(a miscellaneousgroups consists of many different kinds of things)84.disorder=disarray, chaos85.crazily=frantically(used to describe someone who behaves in a wild and uncontrolled way)86.rapid=meteoric(ATTENTION: meteoric is only used to describe someone achieves success quickly)87.ordinary=mundane(very ordinary and not at interesting or unusual)88.despite=notwithstanding(FORMAL)89.best=optimal(used to describe the best level something can achieve)/90.sharp=acute(severe and intense)91.unbelievable=inconceivable(ifyou deem something inconceivable, you think it very unlike to happen ^92.puzzle=perplex(something perplex someone means it confuses and worries him/her because he/she does not understand it)93.method=avenue(away of getting something done)94.famous=distinguished(used to describe people who are successful in their career)95.ancient=archaic(extremely old and extremely old-fashioned)96.decorate=embellish(embellish means make something look more attractive via decorating it with something else)/97.possible=feasible(if something is feasible, it can be done, made or achieved)98.so=consequently, accordingly99.rare=infrequent (doesn’t happen often 100.greedy=rapacious(greedy and selfish)。

pdf《剑桥雅思1-16》雅思同义词替换汇总剑桥雅思考试教材是备考雅思的必备资源之一，其中包含了1至16册的练习册。

在雅思考试中，提高同义词替换的能力对于理解文章和提升阅读成绩至关重要。

本文将为您汇总《剑桥雅思1-16》中常见的同义词替换，帮助您更好地备考雅思阅读。

1. 地点替换在《剑桥雅思1-16》中，地点常常会使用同义词替换，以增加文章的多样性。

下面是一些常见的地点替换列表：- city/town: urban area, metropolis, municipality- school/university: educational institution, academic center, learning center- restaurant: eatery, dining establishment, food joint- park: recreational area, green space, public garden2. 时间替换同义词替换在时间概念上也经常出现。

以下是一些常见的时间替换示例：- morning: dawn, daybreak, sunrise- afternoon: midday, noon, daytime- evening: dusk, sundown, twilight- night: nighttime, darkness, evening hours3. 人物替换合理运用同义词替换可以使文章更加丰富，人物名词也是常见的替换对象。

以下是几个常见的人物替换示例：- teacher: instructor, educator, tutor- student: learner, pupil, trainee- doctor: physician, medical practitioner, healthcare professional- parent: guardian, caretaker, family member4. 动词替换为了增加文章的多样性，动词也可以通过同义词替换进行变换。

C4 Test 1文章题目alarming rate of loss plightformal tuition classroomharbor holdmisconception mistaken viewmodification change/transform/shiftmajority mostmedia coverage newspapers and television degenerated or rudimentary underdevelopedprimarily usually/mainlycourtship matingnot known not certain/unsuretrack follow onappreciate recognize/identifymeaning understandingquickly rapid/swiftlyexplore investigate/researchlink to assign to/lead toresemble similarinterpret comprehend/understandC4 Test 2breed as a result of/link todisappear/vanish die out/extinctgrowing interest increasing appreciation bilingualism more than one languageaffect determinenot want reject/refuseold traditions the established way of life unusual differ/particularconservative attitude/loath reluctant/unwillingclimb/popularity increase/ascendchronic long-termillness medical complaintslink-up connectionenvironment surroundingsparticular chemical specific sustenance improvement in endurance fitness trainingcognitive mental/spiritualenhance creativity beneficial/profitsC4 Test 3support aidentrepreneurship set up their own business/houseparents or guardians familydemand for income povertymodest rates slightly morecontinent/atmosphere/water feature of our planet/earth fracture section/partmake produce/contribute to swiftly quicklyextrusion outcropcontinent earth’s land surface aware self-conscious unavoidable necessaryunbiased objectivelydeal only with focus onderive gain/obtainnon-verbal behavior/facial expression body language supplement additionalneed rely on/depend onC4 Test 4greatly dramatic/extremely global internationalidentify recognizefocus on aim toimportant useful/significant understanding current knowledge fundamental basic/primary interpretation translate record document break down into subdividedwelling building/livingpartly include consequence impactdramatic sharpprovide produceensure guaranteefinite limitC5 Test 1文章题目deadline time limitto hand availableover in excess ofbe recognized as be hailed asconfer on bring tooffer grantfamous well knownpersonal and moral code personal valuegenetic biologicalobey comply withprior to beforeskepticism criticism(not) accelerate slow downpressing urgentrubbish/trash wastedistortion of perception misleadoverstate exaggerateC5 Test 2文章题目totally entirelydistinction uniqueimmense greatdomain fieldsubstitute alternativeknown as calledassociated with involved withspring to life become activedemanding difficultoutlook subjective viewsrespond reactlack have neither a nor blose momentum be overtakenimprove/enjoy growth developC5 Test 3be disappointing failexplanation reasonresult outcomea cross-section of a variety ofauditory comprehension listeningverbal ability speakingin an attempt to be designed tobe eroded/scour away disappearin the immediate future in the short termsignificantly markeddisparate separateignite public debate become a common topic of conversation term expressionunify bring togetherC5 Test 4booming expansion vulnerable fragilelead to result in renaissance revivedundermine damagedefined parts of the year/seasonality (not) throughout the year few and far between/rare unusualpress publicitywithout warning unexpectedlyanalyse closely examine rapidly quicklyinterior innerspecies typesinduce encouragefluctuate unpredictable fertilization reproducenever reach a maximum no limitC6 Test 1文章题目skills expertisea number of differentapply one to others exchangefocus one’s aim narrow the scope3d/digital camera visual imagecopy reproduceprepare planglobal worldgrow increasecompetitive effectivegeographic neighbors nearby nations domestic market local supplierunusual incidents unprecedented events hardships difficultprovisions suppliesimpact effecthave more credibility and weight respectknowledge understandinggap limitedget some idea appreciateventure into visitout of question problemssurvive sustenance environment surroundingsa handful of a few abandon give upway lifestylerely on depend onC6 Test 2win successfulfar higher increase commuting time traveling time wealthy higher incomes not a best approach avoid dispersal distribution minimal inefficienthard inappropriate gather data carry out research medical complaints medical problems major commonafflict suffer accelerating speed increasing advance development surge increasedrop reduction financial costexpected predictedself-reliance independent physical activity exercise emotionally isolated loneliness limited restricted enough sufficiently confusion misunderstanding distinct not the sameC6 Test 3stars actorsinitial firstall that mattered importantflow of time passing of time movie big screen goals targetsreceive comments give feedback achievable realistic personalise individuals transparent/equitable fairbe prone to tend to perceive feelremuneration/salary/pay earningspublicise disclose advancement promotionminimize lessgeneration productionscarce short supply emphasize focus onC6 Test 4pharmaceutical company drug companyethical moralmake a profit make money woman’s ability to read maternal literacyfigure rateremain more or less unchanged staywhat will be done reactalone on its owndistinguish recognize the differenceC7 Test 1文章题目night, nocturnal darkmanage to survive avoid dying outfind their way navigatesense perceive(notice ,recognize) exploit applymeasure calculatedetection(notice ,discover) findincorrect inaccuratetalk about refer towater resource water supply consequence effectshift back revisionnot rising downward trendhigher specification raise standardsoaring population increasing population mainly because of due primarily to decrease reductionhome domesticradical mainlyapproaches waysperipheral unimportantbeforehand prior tonot unusual be similar tobe easy and pleasant not demanding conventional ordinarynotoriety well known maintain admitC7 Test 2unscathed not destroyederect buildrather than fight absorbinner interior watchtower observation post fifty percent half (be halved) constrain stopBuddhism religiousremoval of….. purifyresult, damage it caused effectrefer to as termnot appear hiddenvanish declinerarely make the connection not recognizedfood poisoning illness caused by food separate ways different types feasible realisticneed (n.) reliance introduction establishshift changesupport and understanding cooperation government authorities officials reference modelisolated inaccessible participate in lend a hand communities local peoplenot successful hinder attempts spend…on doing expenditure motorized vehicles buses and trucksC7 Test 3contact communication urban cityforcing encourage bearings position integrating making calculations prevent unable toodor sense of smellspot findfeed ediblescreen analysis improve, modify upgradeswap exchange continually constantly sophisticate advance technique methodenter America migration to America teeth, incisor dentalargue conflicting views result …was deduced that…. interbreeding populations different populations share variants closenessdiscard excludeartificial not natural survive existfrontier boundary transcend not limitgenetic diversity all kinds of species databank information preferential give priority harmonize coordinateC7 Test 4 conventional picture generally believed odd strangeharness uselook like resembledeliver sendnoticed foundexceed more thanannual each yearmonitor checkhalt stopprosper successfulfound establishcrash sharp decrease commercial companies adjust adaptintrusion occur unpredicted unexpectedloud high-pitchedsoft low-pitched interfere affectability capabilitytake its toll on manifestC8 Test 1文章题目freezing weather cold temperature split dividecase cabinetlike resembleonce eachresult in prompt accident disaster fortuitous coincidental incomplete oversimplified meteorological weather municipal city metropolitan city picture imagelimit minimizeconcur on agree on transform alterchoose from pick outC8 Test 2stay remainany varyingimprove change dramatically recorded documentationfar from rather than drought no rain at all intensely veryexplore discoveraxe cutting down impair damageconsciously consider realisedistinguish recognisenot exist lacklanguage linguisticodourless do not smellC8 Test 3fund financial supportstumbling block difficultyextract out of remove fromall the way up to direct atstop…being stuck protectiondirect aimfield test test in real stormburn out exhaustadversity difficultyrun in family inheritexceptional uniquenessminimize lessensupremacy significancerestrict limitationextend prolongC8 Test 4pattern=format formatlower secondary middle-years education contributing factors keyslowly patientlyhard work effortfocus on emphasisdisorder imbalanceboost crop yield ensure more cut ton was harvest financial outlay total amount ….spend genetic diversity innate immunitysafe free of dangereradication wipe outelusive hard to findindividual separateethanol alcoholvariation compareC9 Test1文章题目perceive recognizetalent and devotion abilityscientific breakthrough discoveryfame and fortune rich and famousattempt to hopenearly instant immediately recognition understand possibilities potentiallater finallyknown as refer totoday nowcurrent use nowagainst be targeted bymalaria diseaseways of sending information across the galaxy radio signalstraverse transmissionlook for seekreact response toreply response tolifetime life expectancylook for search foralien civilization extra-terrestrial intelligence deal with overcomethreats serious problemslook for findpretty welllike resembleto date so fardetection pick upimmediately promptlya major redesign big changesearly incarnation ancestorequivalent to posseslook like resemblereturn to migrate back tothe water the seafragments fossilized remainsplot recordtight denseupper topapproximately aboutfossils ancient creaturesdriest of deserts extremely dry environments return transitionparticular bones forelimbsno overlap, except the same dataC9 Test2national government policy strategyglobal international team working party suggest hypothesis international worldwide standards regulations extremely vulnerable at riskhearing loss auditory problems and in addition to distressing upsetmodern current practices methodsair-conditioning units cooling systemsbe dogged by fail toclouded out prevent calculate work outgovern depend on orbital speeds timesee witness smeared distorteda thick layer of gases atmosphere competitors competitive fields success achievement ways functionsdraw on rely onpast experience previous events product resultnot fall into avoidpitfalls trapsan extraordinary willingness to be receptive to fresh newdifferent newbe bombard with force tovariant psychological illness knowledge concept organization fieldC9 Test3 assessment judgelanguage linguisticaffect influenceexist still with usstop haltpointless impossible taskmisrepresent unrealpopular speech custom of speakingreliable constantcut down reduceair pollution dioxide emissionpower station power plantincome earnernot in danger unlikely to be at riskcoastlines with particular features heavily indented coastsraise lift outcomparatively relativelytransmitted sentpicture imageleft soar out ofabout to stop working on the brink of failingtell get a message toC9 Test 4recognition awardmedical technique treatmentmaterial sourcescollect accumulatesuffer from diedas a result of imitation mimicidentify recognizerelationship connectionmastery controlstruggle aggressiveobserve seeown reflection movement are contingent on their own contribute lead topublic ordinary visitorinvolvement experienceexpert professionally engaged inpresent beliefs contemporary perceptionthe past our ancestorsC10 Test1文章题目negotiate altera millennium ago ancientgain access to ground water water collection application functionshelter provide shadesuffer serious climate event tourists flock frequent visitors spectacular rapiddue to affectcandidates for awaitingnew freshsustainable long-termtransport flows transport trends energy consumption environmental costsby 2020 by the end of this decade alone solelyincrease the efficiency improveprice chargecontinues to increase growingexpect predictgoal objectivefit matchplay it safe avoid risktake more gambles take chances overbearing dominantopt out of ignorea free interchange of ideas share their ideaspeer colleagueboss managernot the most intelligent limitationsstimulate the flow strengthen commitment important valuedmuch more powerful more pervasiveC10 Test2文章题目a burst in population growth an increase in population conditions required allow this to happen changes turn toafraid fearput people out of work unemploymentwithout succumbing preventmortality rate death rateoverdirect too much guidancediminish their gifted pupil's learning autonomy what can be lostnegative emotions anxietyhome educational provision domestic backgrounddeprived socially-disadvantagedmake fewer errors produce accurate work independence self-reliancea great deal a considerable amountexternal regulation more direction from teacherslack of do not haveidentify understand/confirmextremely high examination results impressive gradesprint out huge numbers of texts mass productionthe meaning of words underlying ideasperfectly content to assign happy to instructworkshop apprentices assistantsscale sizegiven the confidence be encouragedexpress their views give their opinions openlyC10 Test3文章题目importance significancehidden or obscured difficulty in recognising/difficult to ascertain largest employer largest employment figuresnumber one majordifficulties problemsmajor most importantsource substancediscard dropdefences against warning signalintense abundantthe reddest the most vividly coloured red paradoxical contradictderelict abandonedlivestock animalshuman remains bonesnagging headwinds extreme climate conditionsthe key to success play a key role instubborn question difficulties explainingcalled it quits halted their expansionreasons known only to them unclearC10 Test4文章题目erratically unpredictablylonger extendedallow fires to spread mishandlinginfrastructure/equipment toolsprecipitation rainfallincreased construction more buildingcharacter personalitydetermined fixeddevelop acquiremaster learna range of a variety ofbring more joy and passion into your life increase their happiness ignorance do not know muchpay attention to actively noticemoral obligation a sense of responsibility/dutyalter overcomephysical stamina physical goalsreappear re-emergenceswitch labs decide to rethink academic career path qualify modifyfit with correctno more than one occasion several timesthrowback/ run backwards reversibleunrelated differentreactivate reappearanswer may lie in might be caused by。

剑桥雅思（5-9）阅读同义替换词剑桥雅思（5-9）阅读词汇同意替换Cambridge IELTS 5-9 Reading Paraphrases1. 本文包括题目中出现的同意替换（划线部分，题目词汇在前），也列出文章里较难词汇的同义词（[]中为反义词）2. 用法：做完题目后查对同意替换；精读文章时学习词汇3. 每篇词汇顺序有些杂乱，有待改进4. 参考资料：灵格斯词典中RogetⅡ: The new thesaurus 同义词词典5. 难免有疏漏错误，欢迎指正5-1-1 Johnson’s dictionarycircumscribe limit, confine, restrictgrowing importance rise, increased demandlead to be associated with, be linked towell known famousaccept the contract sign the contractnot have a withoutin excess of overcontemporary text from Elizabethans to his own time, living languagetime limit deadlinesubtleties of meaning shades of meaningprevious writer predecessor, precedentvicissitude difficulty, hardshippatronage support, sponsorshipascertain determinebring conferEnglish language the language of his countryesteem respectprevail persuadegrant offer5-1-2 Nature or nurture? (难，可精读，实验类文章)distaste dislike, aversionsuccessive subsequent, consecutivedenounce accuse, condemnreluctant unwilling, disinclinedoverwhelming greatconsensus agreement, unanimitystatistic number, data, percentage, proportion, figurediscrepancy difference, distinction, gap, incongruity, inconsistencymake-up character, personality, qualityremnant remainder, residuebenevolent [malevolent]property quality, charactermalevolent evil, maliciousforgo give up, abandonelucidate explain, illustrate, clarifybiological genetic (animal aggression instinct, primal urge) help have a positive effect oninstructed toldcomply obey, conformpositive mechanism advantageous traitpersonal values personal and moral code5-1-3 The truth about the environment （驳论文）pessimistic get worse, dark, dismal; [optimistic]be linked to be associate withslow down restrict; [accelerate]long-lasting extend well into our futurecatastrophic devastatingright appropriatedisjunction separationlopsidedness imbalanceexaggerate overstateclaim argumentselfless altruistic, benevolent, charitable, philanthropic characteristic feature, qualitycriticism scepticismimpartial objective, unbiased, neutralmeet reader s’ expectation provide what the public wants dispose throw awaywaste trash, rubbishgreen house gases carbon dioxide emissionsurgent pressing5-2-1 Bakeliteconstituent element, componentin a similar way to likein that becausebe moulded into new form reshapeorigin be derived fromreason impetus (stimulation, motivation, incentive) great advances immense progressin the field of in the domain ofpragmatic practical, realisticalternative substitutedwindle decrease, diminishamass accumulate, collectoriginal first, initial, primary; (true, authentic)outline (v.) give a general description, brief (n.), summary (n.)know as calle.g. such as, for exampleintense extreme, strongremove extractresin molten Bakelitedisdain despise, contempt, scornenjoy an unparalleled popularity be welcome; [fall of fovour] relish enjoy, savour, flavour, tasterange of colours array of shades5-2-2 What’s so funny? （抽象，可精读）nervous energy psychic tensioncontrolled release safely punctureludicrousness ridiculousness, funninesssettle on choose, agreeresolution solutionincongruity inconsistency, discrepancy, disagreementlinguistic lingualartificial intelligence language understanding and reasoning in machines revolve rotate, orbitinterpretation understandingapt appropriate, smartmutate change, convert, transformtrigger induce, causelinked to be critical foractivate spring to lifeinvolved with is associated withmost difficult task extremely demanding jobrespond instantly a rapid emotional assessmentwhatever is happening the events of the momentreact respondrecognition acknowledgementindividual responses to joke whether a joke gives pleasure or pain relate to depend onsubjective view outlookoperation work5-2-3 The birth of scientific English (难，多句意替换而非词汇替换) given considering, taking (sth) into accountprominence eminence, distinction, prestige, fameintellectual thinker, intellect, brain, scholarrenaissance revival, renewaldevelopment revolutionhow to express ideas language, writing styletreatise dissertationproperties quality, characteristic, featureperversely unreasonably, oddlydomain area, field, territorypreliminary preparatory, unpolishedcipher codeobscure vague, ambiguous; hide, concealcling to stick to, attach toinadequacy incapability, insufficiency, defect, deficiencyobjective impersonalentity existence, object, wholetranscript written copyinaugurate begin, launchfoster encourage, promote, cultivatekind genre, styledescriptions accountsspecific particularformative shaping, influentialbe overtaken this momentum was lostmomentum force, impetuslexis vocabulary; (lexical)institute establish, set up, inaugurate5-3-1 Early childhood educationsocio-economic background status, positionbe predicated on be based onbypass avoid, ignoreconfiguration pattern, shapefoster develop, encourage, nurturephenomenal wonderful, amazing, fantastic, marvelousperpetuate eternalize, immortalizeadminister give, provide, apply, carry out, managea variety of cross-section (typical, representative)not succeed disappointing, failedinsufficient inadequate, deficient, scarcefunding moneysuccess phenomenalscore highly make great stridelistening, speaking auditory comprehension, verbal ability and language ability interact with others social development 5-3-2 Disappearing delta (难，多句意替换)erode corrode, wearastounding startling, amazing, astonishing, surprisingerosion scoured awaydeposit sedimentrelatively high still a lot ofdivert turn, shiftcanal channel, watercoursesedimentation the sediment sinks to the bottom of thecanals laden loadedmunicipal urban, metropolitancoincide concurfood production food chain, fishing industryprincipally mainly, chiefly, primarilylook at pay close attention todevise design, invent, conceive, think upmarked increase be building up faster and faster5-3-3 The return of artificial intelligence (抽象选择题难)poised readyignite kindlecommon topic of conversation public debateirony inverted commashype pufferyjustification reasonrehabilitation recoveryinformative educational, instructive, enlighteningbring together encompass (include, contain, comprise)separate research areas disparate fields (different, diverse, various) lowest point [peak]rear bring up, raiseensue follow, succeedundue excessive, extravagantretrenchment reduction, curtailmentbe justified materialize (happen)fruition fulfillment, realizationperception optimism, realize, deem, regardpremature early, untimelyalign (with) allymundane ordinary, seculardeem consider, reckon, thinkimplement do, execute, perform, carry outmilitary impact spot camouflaged vehicles on a battlefield differentiate discriminate, distinguishexacerbate worsen, aggravatecategorise classifyreflect encapsulate (epitomise, symbolise)contemporary 1960s5-4-1 The impact of wilderness tourismexpansion boomlow financial cost of setting up little or no initial investment in terms of from the perspective of/ with respect to /in respect of/with (in) relation to/ with reference to/ regarding/ concerningin this/these respect(s) from this angle/perspective/aspect region areacharacteristic (n./adj.) feature; distinctive/typicalprevail dominateprevailing dominant/popular/widespread/prevalentdraw attractlandscape sceneryunique incomparable/unparalleledindigenous nativeisolated separate/solitary/alone/detachednew breed of kind/typegrateful appreciative/thankfulprofound deep, abstrusetrekker hikerfall declinethe amount of food farm outputtend carefood gathering hunting animals and fish and collecting fruit inhabitant dweller, residentculprit reason, sinnerundermine weakenpattern systemdilemma problem, difficulty, paradoxerosion corrosiondegradation demotion, reductiondisruptive troublesome, disturbing, intrusive, unsettling legion numerous, myriadinevitably inescapably, unavoidablyvehicle tool, media, meansreinvigorate restore, revitalise, reviveover the long term in the long runintegrate combine, incorporate, synthesiseconcern business, care, worryrevived renaissancecommunal public, mutualexploit use, developtransient temporaryrepatriate sendhome base headquartersaccrue accumulate, aggregatereservation preserve, reservepurchase buyhandicraft artwork, artifactproduce and sell businessaspiration ambition, dreamnorm rule, standard5-4-2 Flawed beauty: the problem with toughened glass (题目难) exert use, wield, manipulatepropagate breed, reproduce, spawn, advertise, disseminate subsequent after, laterconvert change, revertelapse passunusual rare, few and far between, uncommonpublicity press, promotion, advertising, propagandasuppress repress, sensor, banclosely examine analyse, inspect, investigatefavour love, prefer, approve (v.)fragment shard, scrapunexpectedly without warning, unpredictablyquickly rapidly, swiftly, promptlydispute argue, debate, contestincidence scale, extent, size5-4-3 The effects of light on plant and animal speciescue clue, hint, suggestionuseful reliablebe unpredictable fluctuate (vary)plenty considerablescientific evidence experimental evidencetypes speciesencourage induceout of season midwinterlight levels photoperiodbe referred to be known asreproduction breeding, propagationlonger days increasing day lengthsplants that flower when days are long long-day plantsreproduce fertilizationperennial long-lasting, permanent, durableyet notcue triggeruptake intake, understandlimit maximumhorticulture gardening6-1-1 Au stralia’s sporting success （段配句难）demolish defeat, destroy, pull downunderpin support, back, establishfunded support financeathletes sportsmen and womencollaborate cooperateexpertise skills, ability, craft, techniquenarrow the scope focus onwring squeeze, tweak, twistprototype archetype, original, fatherprofile outlinevisual imaging image, digital camerasemploy use, apply, implementinvestigation analysis, examination, survey, inspection obstacles to optimum achievement 句意替换obstacle barrier, hurdle, impedimentoptimum best, optimal, superlative, unsurpassedevent championshipperformance requirements winning times, targetsproduce developplan preparegear towards adapt torival other country, competitor, opponent, contestant,contender reproduce copy, replicate, simulate, imitate, duplicate improve slice …off, cut offunveil uncover, reveal, unmask, display, show, expose, disclose all-encompassing all around, comprehensive, all-inclusive exclusively only, solely6-1-2 Delivering the goodsfreight goods, cargoworld globalincreasing expanding, risingtempt attract, provoke, enticecommerce trade, business, industryeffective trade condition advantagesnearby nations geographic neighbours weakening relationship is unrelated tovalue worthdelivery transportationsmall computer components disk drives product drives, componentslocal domestic, native, internalelectronic delivery telephone lines, optical fibers streamlined improved, more efficient/effective introduction invention, adoptioncapsize overturn, toppleships vessels, containerby and large generallytariff tax, dutyhaulier shipper, carrier, freighteralbeit althoughmonopoly cornerdeter discourage, prevent6-1-3 Climate change and the Inuit （标题较难）unprecedented event unusual incident precarious insecure, uncertaintough difficult, demanding; strong, unyielding autonomy independence, self-government terrain territory, region, area indigenous native, aboriginalalternative otheressential supplies provisions, imported meat curtail reduce, condenseincidence rate, possibilityeffect impactwell-being health, welfare, prosperityat stake at risktease out obtain, get by, deal withdraw on useresolve address, solvecapricious variable, changeable, inconsistent appreciate understandimpossible out of the questioncatch exploitsustenance food, nourishmentinhabitant colonist, occupanta few a handful ofgive up abandonlifestyles waysdepend mainly on rely heavily onproduce meatexpensive costly6-2-1 The advantages of public transportpeople power democratic (democracy); [republican]favour prefer, approve, accept, benefittravel time travelling time, commuting time, commute time be stable remain constantcongestion (massive) traffic jams, gridlockwealth incomeviable feasiblerefute disprove, discreditstarkly severely, evidentlyconvert change, transformproposal suggestion, requestadvocate recommend, supportrelated connectedflourish thrive, prosper, boomminimal limited; [maximal]hard inappropriateinhabitant resident, occupant, dweller, (citizen, civilian, populace, people)live accommodationbicycle friendly high level of bicycle usagereasonable averagely good, moderate, temperate6-2-2 Greying population stays in the pinkgreying population elderly peoplein the pink healthyafflict trouble, tortureshow reveal, uncoverage-related medical problems diseases associated with old age, medical complaints speed ratefalling smalleraffect strike, appearincreasing acceleratedevelopment advanceincrease surgedue to reflect, be attributed topollution poorer air qualitylink correlationlife expectancy live longerconsiderable reduction significant dropcost $200 billion, financial burdenpredicted expectedindependence self-relianceretain keep, hold, reserve, maintainexercise physical activitiesdecline deteriorate, degenerate, languish, worsen loneliness emotionally isolatedfare best manage/develop well6-2-3 Numeration （难）bound up with sth. closely connected with sth. sequence of events/words ordersufficiency enoughquality how manyfarming grow plantsdeveloped sophiscatedparamount supreme, primary, dominant arithmetic numerationbody language gesturesprevent misunderstanding resolve any confusion limited restrictedexpress deal withpeople average personfulfil a civic role qualify as a witness in a court of law graspunderstanding, capacityconceive think, imaginedistinct separate, evident, clearhindrance barrier, obstaclebe registered in the mind realized, noticed concept specific wordseparate from independent ofnewer laterrelic trace, vestige, remainsindispensable essential, necessary6-3-1 Filmboulevard avenuestunned shocked, astonishedthrilled excitedroutine regular, habitual, frequentgrasp understand, comprehendimportant be worth tryingfirst initialimpact power and magicpassing of time flow of events, flow of timecultures life and valuesactor star, film personalities(film) personality celebrity, heroenduring long-lasting, permanentlegacy heritage, traditionby no means certainly notnovelty newness, innovation, originalitystoryline storynarrative account, story, reportconvention tradition, agreement; conference6-3-2 Motivating employees under adverse conditionsmotivate stimulate, prompt, inspireadverse unfavourable, disadvantageous, negative [positive] grow expanddecline shrinkoptimism [pessimism]entice encouragebe prone to be liable to, be likely to, tend to, incline to, have a tendency to less skilled employee minor/secondary employeeredundant unemployed, dismissedrumour gossipautonomous independent, self-governingaffiliation alliance, associationspecific precise, detailed, exacttarget goal, aim, object, objectivefeedback comment, remarkexternal [internal]be assigned be allocated, be distributedcollectively [individually]in conjunction with together withperception (perceive) sensebe consistent with [be inconsistent with]feel perceiverealistic achievable, attainable, obtainableappraisal assessment, evaluationvalid true, credible, logical, sound, well-groundedreinforce strengthenscope rangeindividual personalisebe contigent on be dependent on, rely onachievement performance, accomplishmentpromotion advancementearning remuneration, payment, salary, compensationdisclose increase the visibility, eliminate the secrecy, expose, reveal, unveil publicise advertise, promotetransparent clear, lucidfair equitable (equity, inequity), equalweigh think over, consider, ponder, reflect, contemplate6-3-3 The search for the anti-aging pillvigor vitality, strengthinfirmity weaknesslongevity long lifedrugs treatmentdelay slowgrowing old agingfewer restrictionextend increaseequivalent (to) equalpeople mortalsdiet regimen (treatment, therapy)disease disordermimic imitate, mockmimetic imitativeate what they wanted free-feedinggreater quantities [lower levels]reduced chance decreased likelihoodless likely to reduced risktaut promote, publicisetoxic poisonousdose amountretard slow, detainproduction generationemit release, send outfocus on emphasizein short supply scarce6-4-1 Doctoring sales （议论文，标题难）representative delegate, deputy, agent; typicalphysician doctor [surgeon]drug company pharmaceutical companyincentive stimulus, encouragementprofile outline, descriptionmoral ethicalbribe buymarketing technique marketing practices escalate increase extravagance excess, luxury, wastebrochure pamphlet, bookletinundation floodevidence of drug promotion pen, tabletvisible watch, seerecipient receiverpersuaded influencedresearch studyprescribe dispensebottom line final result; essential pointsky-rocketing sky highlegitimate right, legal, lawfulmoney profitscrutinize inspect, examine, check6-4-2 Do literate women make better mothers? adults men and womenmaternal literacy mothers can read and write attitudes to children value its children more highly eliminate remove, exclude when asmortality deathlevels rate, figureslearn to read be educatedstay remainNational Literacy Crusade campaignchild infantmalnourished undernourishedopt chooseexert apply, useimplication hint, suggestionmoney budgetmaternal [paternal], femaleeffects pay-offbypass avoid, escape, ignoremature adult, grownreplicate copy, duplicate, reproduce6-4-3 Bullyingpersistent enduring, chronic, endlessresearch surveydifficult to deal with recalcitrant, unruly, disobedientchildren who are bullied victimised pupilshave experiencein later life as adultsoffence crime, misdeedcommon refrain clichéresource helpinquiry question, enquiry, investigation, inquestdecline 50% halveoptimum optimal, bestthe most important step a key stepproduce developdetailed explicit, clear, unambiguous, specificsanction permission, approval, penaltyconsultation discussion, conference, counseldisseminate spread, distribute, disperse, propagate implement carry out, do, perform, executeback (up) supportearly part early phasein the light of considering, in the view ofsubstitute replacement, surrogatepotential be liable toself-confident assertivenesseffective usefulrecognise the difference between A and B distinguish A from B prevention intervention7-1-1L et’s go batsfraction amount, proportionuncanny unnatural, weird, unexpected, exceptional navigate find their way, guide, pilot, maneuverearly mammal mammalian ancestoravoid dying out manage to survivein the absence of withoutobstruct block, impedevision seeingmanoeuvre move, guide, performprohibitive expensiveilluminate light, elucidate, clarify, illustratecomparable like, similar, corresponding, parallel, equivalent phantom unreal, ghostarm or leg limbperceive sensecalculate measureapply exploit, implement, practice, usefinding detectionmilitary martial, warlikeor rather more exactly/specifically/accuratelyresult in lead to, perfect (v.) (polish, refine)detection navigationtechnically strictlyinaccurate incorrectrefer to talk about, speak of, mention; concern, be relevant to underlying basic, essential, fundamentalcoin name, call, know as, term, christen, dubcover include7-1-2 Making every drop countmanipulate exploit, use, handleexpand extend, enlargesource origin/derivationinnovative novel/original/unprecedentedlayout design/plan/blueprint/schemeoccupant resident/dweller/inhabitantexplode soarmonumental giant, heroic, historic, significantdue primarily to mainly because ofgenerate produceinferior subordinate; [superior]adequate sufficientconsequence outcomejeopardise endanger/threaten/imperilcompensation paymentspecies breedecosystem environmentthrive prosper/flourishdispute debate/contend/controversytension pressure/stressscientist resource planner, water expertrevision change, shift/amendmentrezort option/resourceopposition resistance/objectionaddress tackle/solve/deal withsurprising unexpectedlydiminish decreasedownward trend fallremarkable notable/exceptionala range of a spectrum ofdomestic home, nationalconserve preserve/savepeak summitstandard specification /criteria/normregion zone/terrain/territoryecological bionomical (bionomics = ecology)/environmental 7-1-3 Educating psyche （抽象，难）ways approachesnot traditional radical newunimportant peripheralrecall remembervalid true, credible, well-groundedreadily easilyinstruction education, learning, teaching, order, directionteachers should train students teaching systemvariant versionsolemnly seriouslyprior to beforehand, preliminarydemanding [easy and pleasant]likewise also, furthermoresimilar not unusualconventional classes language teaching, ordinary classes, traditional classes distinctive special, characteristic, typical retain learn, keep, maintainadmit acknowledgeritual ceremony, form, riteautocratic categoricdesignate allocate, appoint, call, nameaccredited accepted, believedwell known notoriety (fame, popularity, reputation, notoriousness) emulate imitate, copy, compete, contest procedure sessionunspectacular mediocre7-2-1 Why pagodas don’t fall down (力学背景，较难理解) flimsy delicate, weaklighting illuminationtopple overturn, capsizeflatten leveldevastate destroy, ruinmagnificent majestic, splendid, remarkableunscathed safe, uninjured, unharmederect constructdampen decrease, restrainbuilders carpentersabsorb some of the power sway and settle itself severe weather conditions nature’s forces original firstreligious purpose Buddhismobservation post watchtowerdispense with get rid of, withoutbatter strike, attackeave roofhalf fifty per centfloor storeyresilience flexibility, buoyancypillar column, pilebear the weight carry the loadbend flexstationary fixed, unmoving, stillslither slideconsecutive successivestop constrainjolt shake, bump, jerk7-2-2 The true cost of foodcollateral parallel, additionalenervation depletion, impoverishment colossal immense, enormousdecline vanishfertility richness, productivitychemical fertilizerwater sources lakesaesthetic artisticarable cultivabledomestic water drinking waterillness caused by food food poisoningthree different types threefoldsubsidy grantprop up support, sustainfeasible possible, viablepremium additional paymentcommitment responsibility, obligationcomprise contain, encompass, includeinitiate begin, launch, undertakechange shift7-2-3 Makete integrated rural transport project （文章最长）tackle solve, address, cope with, deal with present offer, give assumption premise, postulation, supposition identify be understoodregarding on, aboutalmost inaccessible be virtually totally isolated local area within the localityimplement carry out, performconstruction buildrefinement improvementlocal people communitiesbuses and trucks motorized vehicleshinder prevent, obstruct, impede, hold back officials authoritiesmodel reference7-3-1 Ant intelligence （难）scrutiny inspection, examination, observation repel repulse communication contactpropagate spread, disseminate, breed, reproduce advanced sophisticated, be overtakenaffect ruinwaste use enormous amounts ofsecretion antibioticsunwanted materials wastedevelop domesticategenetic DNAupgrade improve, modifyexchange swap, sharecity life urban lifestyleforcing house encourageintricate complicated, elaborateoutstrip exceed, outdo, surpassfind their way navigateposition bearingsense of smell odourexhaustive thorough, complete7-3-2 Population movements and genetics footing foundation, basis, statuslong-standing long-lasting, old, enduring prehistoric firstvariant variation, diversity, version。

雅思阅读同义词替换(Cambridge 7)1. rely on=depend on 依靠 v.2. avoid=stay away=keep away=steer clear of=make a detour 避免 v.3. die out=extinct=disappear=no longer exist 灭绝 v.4. hunt=search for=look for=try to find=in search of 打猎 v.5. limb=arm or leg=body=organ 四肢 n.6. perceive=sense=see=spot=become aware of=observe 感知，感觉 v.7. calculate=measure=work out=figure=estimate=access 计算 v.8. detection=finding=observation 探测 n.9. coin=invent=make=create=come up with 发明，创造 v.10. inaccurate=incorrect=wrong=misleading 不精确的 adj.11. revision=change=shift=reform=alteration 改进 n.12. downward=fall=drop=downhill 下降的 adj.13. increasing=soaring=growing=rising 上升的 adj.14. primarily=mainly=largely=chiefly=principally 主要地 adv.15. due to=because of=as a result of=thanks to=owing to 因为16. decrease=reduce=fall=drop 下降 v.17. radical=not traditional=new=unconventional 激进的 adj.18. prior to=beforehand=before=in advance=on the eve of 之前19. demanding=difficult=hard=challenging=tough 要求高的，艰难的 adj.20. well known=notorious=famous=renowned 著名的 adj.21. admit=acknowledge=confess=to tell the truth 承认 v.22. be similar to=like=resemble=bear a resemblance to=akin to 相似 v.23. result in=lead to=cause=give rise to=bring about 引发，导致24. sophisticated=advanced=high-tech=complex=complicated 复杂的25. address=solve=deal with=handle 处理 v.26. imitate=copy=impersonate=follow one's example 模仿 v.27. maintain=continue=carry on=keep up=preserve 维持 v.28. feed=eat=have=chew=swallow=consume 喂食 v.29. illustrate=show=demonstrate=make clear=reflect 说明 v.30. memorize=learn=commit something to memory 记忆 v.31. conventional=traditional=conformist=conservative 传统的 v.32. notice=see=spot=be aware of=be conscious of 注意到 v.33. retain=keep=save=hold on to 保持 v.34. convince=persuade=win sb. over=satisfy 使确信 v.35. spectacular=impressive=imposing=striking=grand 壮观的 adj.1. interior=inner=inside 内部的 adj.2. change=shift=alter=transfer 改变 v.3. establish=build=found=set up=start 建立 v.4. official=authority=leader=supervisor 官员 n.5. isolated=inaccessible=distant=remote=faraway 隔离的, 边远的 adj.6. collapse=fall=fall over=fall down 倒塌 v.7. destroy=devastate=wreck=obliterate 毁灭 v.8. absorb=digest=take in=assimilate 吸收 v.9. severe=serious=stiff=heavy 严重的 adj.10. purify=refine=distill 净化 v.11. hidden=disguised=concealed=veiled 隐藏的 adj.12. decline=decrease=reduce=fall=drop 下降 v.13. deteriorate=get worse=go down=decline 变坏 v.14. recognize=know=identify=pick out 认出 v.15. conclude=summarize=come to/reach the conclusion 得出结论 v.16. adapt to=get used to=become accustomed to=adjust to 适应 v.17. initiate=start=launch=open=set in motion 开始，发起 v.18. refer to=mention=allude to=touch on 提到 v.19. identify=name=recognize=diagnose 确定，认同 v.20. request=demand=claim=petition=appeal 要求 n.21. be divided into=separate=split=break up=break down 分开 v.22. consist of=be made up of=be composed of=comprise 由…组成23. hinder=hamper=impede 阻碍 v.24. objective=aim=purpose=goal=target 目标 n.25. implement=carry on=execute=put sth. Into practice 实行 v.26. promote=encourage=help=aid 促进 v.27. warn=caution=alert=give sb. a warning 警告 v.28. observation post=watchtower 瞭望塔 n.29. access=entrance=entryway=way in 通路，进入 n.cause=reason=factor=origin=root 原因 n.measure=weigh=time=take=read 测量 v.route=motorway=highway=expressway 车道 n.exclude=omit=miss out=leave out=drop 排除在外 v.renewable=sustainable=recycling=environmentally friendly 可再生的 adj.6. exist=there is/are=be found=occur 存在 v.7. limit=restrict=constrain=confine=keep to 限制 v.8. boundary=border=edge=outskirts=frontier 边界 n.9. allow for=make sth. possible 使…成为可能10. proposal=suggestion=recommendation=proposition 提议 n.11. urban=city=town=municipal 城市的 adj.12. odour=smell=stench=stink 味道 n.13. find one's way=navigate 导航 v.14. bearing=position=standing 方位 n.15. exchange=share=distribute 分享 v.16. waste=unwanted materials=rubbish=garbage=trash 废物 n.17. dental=teeth 牙齿的 adj.18. priority=preferential=the most important=overriding 优先 n.19. encourage=promote=help=support=be supportive 鼓励 v.20. explore=look for=discuss=think 探索 v.21. factor=cause=reason=root=origin 因素 n.22. cultivate=grow=raise 培养 v.23. convert=modify=transfer=adapt=customize 转变 v.24. digest=take in=absorb=assimilate 消化 v.25. preserve=protect=keep=store=keep sth. In storage 保存，保护 v.26. monitor=watch=keep an eye on 监视 v.27. allocate=distribute=apportion=grant=confer 分配 v.28. decline=decrease=reduce=fall=drop 下降 v.29. fragile=weak=delicate=breakable=feeble 脆弱的 adj.30. upgrade=improve=make =make improvements 改进，提高v.31. advanced=developed=sophisticated=high-tech 先进的 adj.32. sustainable=renewable=recycling=environmentally friendly 可持续的adj.33. evidence=proof=documentation 证据 n.34. long-standing=lengthy=long-running=lasting 长期的 adj.1. large numbers of=tens of thousands of=many 大量的2. large=massive=huge=enormous=vast 巨大的 adj.3. resemble=look like=alike=much the same=akin to 相像 v.4. foe=enemy=adversary=hostile 敌人 n.5. more than=exceed=over=in excess of 超过 v.6. decrease=crash=reduction=fall=drop 下降 n.7. stop=halt=come to a halt 停止 v.8. sufficient=abundant=enough=adequate 充足的 adj.9. establish=found=build=set up 建立 v.10. be Successful=prosper=do well=succeed=thrive 成功11. recognize=certify=accept=acknowledge 承认 v.12. label=display=call=brand=hail 贴标签，命名 v.13. adapt=adjust=get used to=become/grow accustomed to 适应 v.14. mistake=error=fault=slip=mix-up 错误 n.15. keep a check on=monitor=watch=keep an eye on 监视 v.16. unexpected=unpredictable=unforeseeable 不可预见的 adj.17. generally=in general=in the whole=all in all=all things considered 大体上的 adv.18. previously=before=earlier=formerly 先前 adv.19. apply=use=make use of=exercise=utilize 应用 v.20. due to=because=since=owing to=thanks to=as a result of 因为21. raise=lift=lift up=pick up=scoop up 使…上升 v.22. in addition=besides=additionally=too=also=as well 除此之外23. inhabitant=resident=population=citizen=local 居民 n.24. collapse=failure=fall 崩塌，失败 n.25. set up=establish=found=start=open 建立26. ensure=make sure=make certain=see to it that 保证 v.27. assist=help=aid=give a hand=do sth. For 协助 v.28. deny=refuse=withhold 否认 v.29. permit=allow=let=agree to=authorize 许可 v.30. interfere=intrude=disrupt=meddle 干扰 v.31. repeat=redo=retake=do sth. again 重复 v.32. prevent=stop=restrain=hold back=discourage 阻止 v.33. disrupt=disturb=upset=break up 打扰 v.34. long-term=chronic=long=lengthy=long-running 长期的 adj.35. expose=show=reveal=present=let sb. see 暴露，揭发 v.36. intense=strong=passionate=powerful=fervent 强烈的 adj.37. random=arbitrary=at random 任意的，随机的 adj.38. require=demand=need=call for 要求 v.39. fatigue=tiredness=exhaustion=drowsiness 疲劳 n.40. manifest=show=reveal=present 显示 v.41. concentrate=pay attention=put one's mind on=attentive 专注 v.42. produce=make=manufacture=create=fashion 生产 v.43. carry out=implement=put sth. into practice=execute 实行 v.44. perform=do=conduct=dabble in 执行 v.。

雅思阅读同义词替换(Cambridge 6)1.exchange=apply something learned in one to o thers=change 交流v.2.expertise=skill 专门技术n.3.employ=analyze=study 使用v.4.investigation=analysis 调查n.5.narrow=focus on 缩小范围v.6.reproduce=copy=replicate=repeat 复制v.7.funded support=finance 资金n.8.athlete=sportsmen and women 运动员n.9.calculate=measure 计算v.10.event=championship 赛事n.11.plan=prepare=design 计划v.12.improve=grow=get better 进步v.13.trade=economy 贸易n.14.transport=import or export=deliver 运输v.15.local=domestic=native=indigenous 当地的adj.16.weakening=less=reduced=decreased 下降的adj.17.value=worth=price=credit=use=benefit=profit 价值n.18.delivery=export or import 运输n.19.nearby nations=geographic neighbours 近邻n.20.international=ocean=global=worldwide 国际的adj.21.shipping=freight 船运n.22.cargo=freight=goods 货物n.23.tariff=charge=fee=tax 税费n.ndscape=environment=nature=surrounding=circumstance=view 风景n.25.difficult=harsh=demanding=tough=challenging 困难的adj.26.essential supplies=food and clothing=necessities 必需品n.27.supply=provision=support 供给n.28.grow=increase=rise=improve=go up=boost=expand=extend 增长v.29.respect=credibility=weight=hour=admiration=consideration 尊重n.30.understanding=knowledge 了解n.31.well-being=health 健康n.32.impossible=out of the question=unlikely 不可能adj.33.catch=exploit=capture 抓捕v.34.surrounding=environment=circumstance 环境n.35.push to one's limits=test one's limits 挑战极限36.not unmanageable=can cope with 能处理的37.present inhabitant=descendant 居民38.give up=abandon 放弃39.mainly=heavily=most 主要地40.visit=venture 参观1.successfully=spectacularly well=wonderfully 成功地adv.2.people power=local pressure groups 群众力量n.mute=travel 通勤v.4.higher=increasing=more 更高的adj.5.income=wealth=salary=wage=payment 收入n.6.beneficial=valuable=profitable=good 有益的adj.7.together=face to face 共同8.refute=not mean=rebut=deny 反驳v.9.accommodation=live=living condition 住宿n.age=use=benefit=profit 用处n.11.averagely good=reasonable but not special 较好的12.limited=minimal 有限的adj.13.move from one to another=adopt one over another 转移14.show=reveal=uncover=indicate=point out=imply 表明15.related=associated 有关联的adj.16.suffer=be afflicted 忍受(病痛)v.17.research=study=investigation=survey 研究n.18.affect=afflict=influence=change 影响v.19.disease=medical complain=illness 病痛n.20.increase=surge=rise=gain=grow=go up=add=escalate 上升v.21.link=correlation=connection=relationship 关系n.22.considerable=significant=substantial=massive=marked 大量的adj.23.reduction=drop=concession=fall=decrease 下降n.24.elderly people=old people 老人n.25.independent=self-reliant 自立的adj.26.regular=daily 定期的adj.27.exercise=physical activity 运动n.28.challenging=difficult=tough=demanding 有挑战性的adj.29.decline=deteriorate=reduce=drop=decrease 下降v.30.lonely=emotionally isolated 孤独的adj.31.hand signal=gesture=body language 手势n.32.restricted=limited 有限的adj.33.concept=abstract idea=definition 定义n.34.specific=particular=detailed 特定的adj.35.early=older 早期的adj.36.fulfill=qualify=achieve=keep=satisfy 完成v.37.sufficient=enough 足够的adj.38.quantity=how many=amount 数量n.39.misunderstanding=confusion 误解n.40.prevent=resolve=forbid=stop 防止v.41.poor=lack of=impoverished 贫穷adj.42.newer=later=recent=present 新的adj.43.ancestor=early people=predecessor 祖先n.1.teach=educate=cultivate=nature 教育v.2.actor=star 演员n.3.first=initial=early=primary 最早的adj.4.storyline=narrative=plot 故事情节n.5.globe=world 世界n.6.early=first=ancient 早期的adj.7.passing of time=flow of time 时光的流逝8.describe=tell 描述v.9.realistic=achievable 现实的adj.10.target=goal=aim 目标n.11.feedback=comment=advice=criticism 反馈n.12.match to=suit to 合适13.reward=promotion or advancement=prize=benefit 奖励n.14.link to=make something contingent on=associate with=connect with=relate to 联系起来15.achievement=attainment=gain=success 成就n.16.remuneration=payment 酬金n.17.tend to=prone to 倾向于18.feel=perceive=think=find=experience=notice=have an opinion 感觉v.19.participate=be involved in=take part in=join 参加v.20.staff=employee=worker 员工n.21.visible=disclosed=obvious=noticeable 可见的adj.22.clerical worker=clerk 书记员n.23.judge=rate=criticize=assess=evaluate=gauge=appraise 评判v.24.job=work=assignment 工作n.25.delay=slow=prolong=postpone=procrastinate=shelve=put off 延后v.26.growing old=ageing 变老27.people=mortal=people=individual 人n.28.life=lifespan 生命29.chance=likelihood=fortune=hope=possibility=opportunity=risk=luck 机会n.30.production=generation=output 产量n.31.theory=hypothesis=guess=guesswork 猜想n.32.focus on=emphasize=aim at=concentrate on 集中于33.short=scarce=limited=insufficient 短缺的adj.1.drug company=pharmaceutical company 医药公司n.2.promotion=marketing 营销n.3.increase=escalate=rise=go up=grow 上升v.4.research=study=survey=investigation 研究n.5.work=be an effective way=be useful=help=achieve=succeed=have an effect=happen=turn out 奏效v.6.technique=strategy=skill=expertise=method=way 技术n.7.criticism=judgement=skepticism=disapproval=denunciation 批评n.8.moral=ethical 道德的adj.9.legitimate=have every right to do=legal=right=authorized 合法的adj.10.money=profit=benefit=income=currency 钱n.11.adults=men and women 成人n.12.maternal=mother=female 母亲的adj.cation=literacy=cultivation 教育n.14.child=infant=kid 孩子n.15.approximately=about=around=nearly 大约adv.16.impressive=greatest=touching=unforgettable 印象深刻的adj.17.programme=campaign=project 项目n.mon=persistent=normal=usual=ordinary=everyday 常见的adj.19.be halved=decline by 50% 减半20.key=most important=crucial=critical=significant 关键的adj.21.produce=develop=generate=engineer=manufacture 生产v.22.detailed=explicit=specific 细节的adj.23.on its own=alone 自身24.however=but=yet 但是25.self-confidence=assertiveness=confidence 自信n.26.effective=useful=beneficial=good=needed 有效的adj.。

Cambridge4 TEST1ignore=pay no attention=not pay any attention=take no notice=not take any notice忽略，无视v. encounter=face=confront=meet遇见，遭遇v.mistaken view=misconception错误的观点n.easy to reach=accessible容易达到的adj.change=modify(modification) 改变v.destruction=destroy=loss毁坏n.investigate=make inquiries=enquiries=go into=probe=look into 调查v.where=geographical location 表地点important=vital=essential=crucial重要的adj.reason=cause=factor=origins=root=stimulus=impetus原因n.protect=guard=safeguard=shield=conservation保护v.newspapers, television=media媒体n.where to live=habitat居住地n.get warmer=global warming变暖n.contribute to=play a part有助于v.survive=continuing existence幸存，活下来v.curriculum=course=syllabus课程n.link to=be connected with=be linked with把…和…相联系v.underdeveloped=degenerated=rudimentary不发达的adj.poor=bad=badly=not very good=no good at something=weak贫穷的，可怜的adj. exceptional=good=excellent=outstanding=brilliant=impressive=admirable超常的，例外的adj. mating=courtship交配.follow=track=tail=shadow=hound=stalk=stalker跟随，跟踪v.goo d vision ability=vision is obviously more useful…好的视力best=well=greatest=finest=ideal=top=number one =ultimate=optimum=definitive=unsurpassed=record-breaking极好的adj.surprised=amazed=astonished=astounded=be taken aback=startled感到惊讶的adj.volunteer=subject实验研究对象n.similar=resemble=like=alike相似的adj.blind=can not see瞎的adj.Cambridge4 TEST2initiative=on your own/by yourself=independently=on your own initiative=under your own steam=to be the person who starts something=plan=law主动的，自发的adj. 主动权n. increase=go up=rise=grow=climb=gain=escalate=pick up=widen=be on the increase=intensify=expand=build up上升，增加v.teach=educate=train=coach=instruct=bring up教学v.more than one language=bilingual=sb's second language多种语言n.determine=establish=identify=pinpoint=diagnose 决定v.young people=teenager=youth=in your teens=adolescent=minor年轻人n.community=all the people in a particular area, city, country etc.群体，团体，社区n. traditional=old-fashioned=outdated=outmoded=unfashionable传统的adj.fail=failure=not succeed=unsuccessful=vain=fruitless=unproductive=be a failure=go wrong=notwork=do no good=fall through失败v.endanger=to put someone or something in danger of being hurt=damaged=destroyed危及，使危险v.diverse=varied=variety=wide-ranging=mixed各种各样的adj.inevitable=certain to happen and impossible to avoid不可避免的adj.differ from=unusual与…不同v.reluctant=unwilling=not willing=drag your feet=be loath to do something=conservative勉强的adj.consult=ask somebody's advice=seek advice=get/obtain advice资询v.alternative=another=other=different=new=else=variation=variant另一个therapist=someone who has been trained to give a particular form of treatment for physical or mental illness临床医学家n.retrain=taking courses再教育v.salary=pay=wage=income=earnings=fee工资，收入n.long-term=chronic=long-running=long-standing=lasting=lifelong=prolonged=lingering=enduring =abiding=incurable长期的adj.complaint=complain=make a complaint=protest=object=complain抱怨n.illness=disease=virus=bug=infection疾病n.connection=relationship=link=correlation联系n.beneficial=be good for you/ do somebody good=wholesome=nutritious=nourishing=healthful有益的adj.insight=comprehension=understanding理解，见解n.physical=relating to the body=bodily身体的adj.hazard=risk=danger=threat障碍，危险n.accompany=with=together=along with=come wit陪伴,伴随mental=relating to the health or state of someone's mind精神上的，心理的adj.possible=possibility=can=potential=there is a chance/possibility可能的adj.reduction=decrease=drop=fall=cut 减少n.class=type=kind=sort=style=category=variety种类n.rehearsal=practice=training=run-through=exercise排练，演习n.peer=your peers are the people who are the same age as you, or who have the same type of job, social class etc同伴n.defensive=used or intended to protect someone or something against attack 防御n.strategy=way=method=approach=technique=system=tactics 方法，功略n.assist=help=aid=with the aid of帮助v.specific=give (somebody) more details=expand on=enlarge on=go into more=greater detail=be more specific=be more explicit=elaborate特定的adj.substance=a particular type of solid, liquid, or gas 物质n.surroundings=environment=circumstance 环境n.engage=give somebody a job=employ=take on=appoint=recruit=sign up雇佣v.combine=mix=stir=beat=blend=whisk=dilute联合v.survival=the state of continuing to live or exist幸存n.Cambridge4 TEST3quotation= a sentence or phrase from a book, speech etc which you repeat in a speech or piece of writing because it is interesting or amusing 引言n.exemplify= example=case=instance=to be a very typical example of something=to give an example of something 例证v.explain=tell=say what/why/where etc=show=demonstrate=go through=throw/shed light on=set out解释v.outline= to describe something in a general way, giving the main points but not the details概述v. purpose=aim=point=idea=objective=object=goal= target=end目的n.encourage=persuade=persuasion=get somebody to do something=influence=encourage=talk somebody into=put somebody up to鼓励v.loan= an amount of money that you borrow from a bank etc. 贷款n.poverty= being poor贫穷n.crime= illegal activities in general犯罪n.reject=to refuse to accept, believe in, or agree with something 拒绝v.employ=give somebody a job=take on=engage= appoint=recruit=sign up雇佣v.courier=a person or company that is paid to take packages somewhere快递员n.storage=keep=store=keep something in storage=preserve 存储n.facility=rooms, equipment, or services that are provided for a particular purpose 设备n. ambitious=ambition=power-hungry/power-mad=competitive= determined to be successful, rich, powerful etc.有志向的，雄心壮志的adj.effort=to try very hard to do something= attempt=campaign=drive努力n.feature= a part of something that you notice because it seems important, interesting, or typical；a part of the land, especially a part that you can see: a part of someone's face, such as their eyes, nose etc特点n.planet= the world=earth/Earth=the globe 地球n.unpredictable=can't say/tell=unforeseeable=it remains to be seen 无法预测的adj.machinery=machines, especially large ones= a system or set of processes for doing something=machine=device=robot=appliance=mechanism 机械n.ultimate=someone's ultimate aim is their main and most important aim, that they hope to achieve in the future= final最终的，根本的adj.atmosphere= the feeling that an event or place gives you= the mixture of gases that surrounds the Earth气氛; 大气n.occur=happen=take place=there is=come about=come up=turn up=arise=strike发生v.expand= get bigger=grow=swell up=stretch扩张，扩大v.form= type= way something is/appears=shape形式n.emerge=appear=become visible=come into view/come into sight=come out=reappear 出现v. emit= to send out gas, heat, light, sound etc 发出，放射n.situation= circumstances=position=case=plight情况，状况n.self-conscious=worried and embarrassed about what you look like or what other people think of you自觉的n.generate= to make someone have a particular feeling= form=produce=create 产生v.various=there are several different types of that thing=different=a variety of something=differing=varying=an assortment of something=assorted=a mix of something=a mixture of something各种各样的adj.convenient= a thing or way of doing something that is easy and quick; a time or arrangement that is convenient 方便的adj.objective=impartial=neutral=not take sides=unbiased=disinterested客观的adj.enquiry=investigate=make inquiries/enquiries=go into=probe=look into=solve=be under investigation 调查observe=notice=can see/can tell=see=spot=detect=note become aware/conscious=catch somebody's eye=perceive观察v.comment=remark=thing to say=point=statement= announcement=declaration=observation评论include=consist of=comprise=be composed of= be made up of包含，包括v.focus on=deals only with=concentrate专注于v.affect=have an effect=have an impact=take effect= make a difference=impact影响v.gained from=come from=be based on=originate= go back to=have its origins in=have its roots in=derive from/be derived from=develop from/evolve from产生于…. V.concern=worry=stress=anxiety=strain= a feeling of worry about something important关心，担心n.Cambridge4 TEST4official=formal=authorized=on (the) record官方的，正式的adj.athletic=physically strong and good at sport=fit=be in shape=be in good condition运动的adj. intensive=involving a lot of activity, effort, or careful attention in a short period of time=rapid=crash course密集的，加强的adj.burst=a short sudden effort or increase in activity=burst of anger/enthusiasm/temper etc 爆炸，突发recognize=know=identify=pick out=tell认出，承认v.inadequate=not enough=too little=few=scarce=insufficient=be in short supply=lack of something=be short 不足的adj.develop=come from=be based on=originate=go back to=have its origins in=have its roots in=derive from=be derived from=be founded on=grow out of=develop from=evolve from发展，生长v.enable=make something possible=allow=permit=pave the way for=clear the way for使能够v. predict=anticipate=forecast=foretell=prediction=projected=guess in advance预测v.specialist=someone who knows a lot about a particular subject, or is very skilled at it=expert专家n.theoretical=relating to the study of ideas, especially scientific ideas, rather than with practical uses of the ideas or practical experience理论的adj.basic=fundamental=essential=central=underlying=simple=crude=primitive=rudimentary=unsophi sticated=low-tech基本的adj.nature=plants/animals etc=somebody's character=qualities of something=type自然n.aim=purpose=point=idea=objective=object=goal=target=end目的n.translate=change languages=interpret=put something into English/French/Japanese etc翻译v. ancient=belonging to a time long ago in history, especially thousands of years ago 古老的adj. realistic=when pictures, films etc make things seem real=lifelike=realism=true to life=vivid实际的，现实的field=area=branch=world=domain=realm=sphere领域n.document=a piece of paper that has official information on it；a piece of written work that is stored on a computer文件n.equal=the same in number, amount, level etc as something else平等的adj.influence=effect=side effect=impact=what something does to=the implications 影响n. behavior=manner=conduct=behave=well-behaved=good=be on your best=stay out of trouble行为n.compare=to examine or judge two or more things in order to show how they are similar to or different from each other=liken=make a comparison=draw an analogy=draw a parallel=contrast 比较v.economically=in a way that is related to systems of money, trade, or business经济上地adv. establish=determine=identify=pinpoint=diagnose=to start a new business or organization.建立新的生意/组织v.sustainable=able to continue without causing damage to the environment; able to continue for a long time可持续的adj.realize=know=be/become aware=can tell=appreciate=be conscious=know perfectly well=know/learn from experience意识到v.limit=restrict=set/impose/put a limit=keep to/keep within=confine=fix 限制produce=form=create=generate生产v.guarantee=promise=assure=give somebody your word=swear=vow=commit to=pledge保证v. liberty=freedom=a free hand自由n.independence=self-sufficiency=self-reliance 独立n.consistent=always behaving in the same way or having the same attitudes, standards etc - usually used to show approval持续的adj.underestimate=to think or guess that something is smaller, cheaper, easier etc than it really is=to think that someone is not as good, clever, or skilful, as they really are低估v.provision=when you provide something that someone needs now or in the future 提供n. Cambridge5 TEST1produce=develop=manufacture生产v.central=middle中心的adj.did not have=without没有v.bring=confer=award=present=grant=confer=allocate=offer带来v.time limit=deadline时间限制，期限n.increase=go up/rise=grow=climb=gain=escalate=expand=pick up=widen=intensify=build up增加assistant=helper=coach 助手n.immense=big=major=considerable=great=huge/enormous=tremendous=large scale/large-scale巨大的adj.illustrate=show=be a sign=demonstrate=mean=make clear=reflect=tell=be evidence=reveal 表明，显示v.quotation=a phrase or sentence that is well-known or often used 引用语n.predecessor=someone who had your job before you started doing it 前辈，前任n.rival=a person, group, or organization that you compete with in sport, business, a fight etc=competitor 对手，竞争者n.distraction=something that stops you paying attention to what you are doing分心的事物n.fault=defect=problem=trouble=flaw=weakness =bug=virus=be something wrong with 错误，缺点cornerstone=basis=foundation=the key 基石n.confer=award=present=grant=allocate 给予v.stability=the condition of being steady and not changing稳定n.prevail=win=come out on top=prevail=carry the day流行,获胜v.contract=agreement=understanding=compromise 合约n.grant=award=present=confer=allocate给予v.fascinate=if someone or something fascinates you, you are attracted to them and think they are extremely interesting吸引，使着迷v.disturb=interrupt=bother=distract=put somebody off 打扰v.expect=think=anticipate预期，期待v.psychology=the study of the mind and how it influences people's behavior 心理学n.obey=comply with=abide by=keep to=stick to the rules=conform to=observe=respect=toe the line=go by the book/do something by the book 服从，顺从v.identity=someone's identity is their name or who they are 身份n.severity=used of the degree of something undesirable 严重性n.unfold=open=happen=develop=expand 展开，发生v.deliberately=intentionally=on purpose=purposely故意地adv.moral=relating to the principles of what is right and wrong behavior, and with the difference between good and evil 道德上的，与道德有关的adj.prior to=before=previous在…前面repetition=doing or saying the same thing many times重复n.genetic=relating to genes or genetics基因的，遗传学的adj.sacrifice=when you decide not to have something valuable, in order to get something that is more important牺牲v.victim=someone who has been attacked, robbed, or murdered受害者n.forge=form=counterfeit 形成;伪造v.persuade=convince=win over=talk around 说服v.surrender=give in 投降，放弃v.extinct=an extinct type of animal or plant does not exist anymore=disappear=vanish灭绝的，绝种的adj.abundant=plenty=ample 充裕的，丰富的adj.exaggerate=overstate夸张，夸大v.phenomenon=something that happens or exists in society, science, or nature, especially something that is studied because it is difficult to understand 现象n.perception=idea=notion=view=belief=insight 认识，观念，看法n.impression=infection=effect=influence=affection印象，感想n.entitle=to give someone the official right to do or have something 使某人有权利/资格v. distortion=a change for the worse=deformation扭曲，曲解v.dispose=to arrange things or put them in their places=arrange=settle=manage=cope with=deal with 安排，处理v.intuition=the ability to understand or know something because of a feeling rather than by considering the facts=instinct 直觉n.emission=a gas or other substance that is sent into the air排放物，散发物n.diminish=reduce=decrease=fall=lessen=cut 减少，减小v.postpone=put back=delay=adjourn 延期，推迟v.crucial=important=critical=vital=necessary=essential 至关重要的adj.pessimistic=expecting that bad things will happen in the future or that something will have a bad result=getting worse悲观的adj.attempt=purpose=order=effort 尝试，努力Cambridge5 TEST2similar=like=resemble相似的adj.derive=originate=come from=stem from起源v.impetus=momentum=stimulus=incentive=motivation=encouragement 动机，动力n. generate=produce=bring into existence=make=manufacture产生v.couple with=and=accompany=with 伴随v.factor=reason=element=component=ingredient 因素n.unique=have the distinction=distinct=different=extraordinary=special独特的adj.advance=progress=development=growth=increase进步n.field=domain=territory=industry=sector领域n.alternative=substitute=replacement替代物n.like=such as=for example=for instance 例如resource=material=source资源，来源n.limited=restricted=exhaustible=finite有限的adj.involve=rely on=contain=comprise 包含，牵涉v.current=modern=recent=present最近的adj.particular=extraordinary=special=detail=specific=unique特别的，独有的adj.draw on=absorb=do with吸收v.settle on=make choice of=decide on选定v.superiority=advantage=edge=high quality优势n.accompany=when=keep company=be associated with 陪伴，伴随v.view=belief=opinion=insight=perception 观点n.artificial intelligence=reasoning in machine人工智能n.involve with=associate with=link to=relate to与…有关联v.release=issue=launch=convey=public=deliver 发行，发表v.difficult=demanding=hard=tough困难的adj.task=job=work=labour 任务，工作n.instantly=rapidly=immediately立即地adv.react=respond 反应v.relate to=depend on=link to=associate with=involve with 与…有关系v.subject views=outlook=personal/individual views=personal/individual opinions 主观观点n. distort=to change the appearance, sound, or shape of something so that it is strange or unclear; to report something in a way that is not completely true or correct=misinterpret 扭曲，歪曲v. figure out=settle=decide=tell=understand 理解，想出v.assessment=appraisal=evaluation=estimate=judgment评估，估计v.emerge=appear=come forth出现v.remain=keep=stay=maintain保持v.exploitation=development=utilization=usage利用，使用n.foster=cultivate=raise=nurture培养，养育v.overtake=catch up=sweep over赶上，压倒v.initial=original=premier最初的，开始的adj.whereas=however=while=nevertheless=but=yet然而，但是adv.Cambridge5 TEST3outcome=product=result=conclusion=consequence 结果，后果n.overcome=win=get over=exceed克服，战胜v.insufficient=deficient=shortage=lack=scarcity不足的adj.supply=provide=furnish=give 提供v.launch=release=project=send=shot=emit 开始，投放v.suppose=expect=imagine=guess=speculate=think猜想，设想v.detect=perceive=explore=sense发觉，觉察v.handicap=difficult=obstacle=hindrance=bar=deterrent 障碍，困难n.peer=the people who are at the same age as you, or who have the same type of job, social class etc.同龄人，伙伴n.positive=optimistic=uplifting 积极的adj.administer=manage=conduct=implement=perform执行，管理v.funding=money=funds=financial resource 资金，基金n.interact=if people interact with each other, they talk to each other, work together etc. 互动v. irrigation=the supplement of land or crops with water 灌溉n.sedimentation=the natural process by which small pieces of rock, earth etc settle at the bottom of the sea etc and form a solid layer 积淀n.interrupt=break=violate=cut in打断，打扰v.process=procedure=method=approach过程n.threat=danger=intimidation 威胁n.valuable=precious=worthy宝贵的，珍贵的adj.construct=build=make=found 建造v.blame=to say or think that someone or something is responsible for something bad责备，怪罪v. stimulate=encourage=activate=motivate鼓励，刺激v.long-term=long-run=long-period长期的adj.impact=affect=influence=effect影响v.&n.occur=happen=exist=come发生v.contain=include=cover=possess 包含v.military=battlefield=martial军事的adj.separate=disparate=distinct=different分开的，不同的adj.vanish=extinct=disappear 消失v.consciousness=awareness 意识n.ignite=light=inflame点燃v.encompass=include=contain=cover包含，围绕v.reckon=think=suppose=believe=imagine=expect=feel认为v.widespread=universal=extensive=popular=general广泛的，普遍的adj.launch=coin=project=release=issue创新，开辟v.contemporary=modern-day, present-day同时代的adj.potential=possible=underlying=likely=expected=latent 潜在的，可能的adj.prospect=expectation=outlook=chance展望，希望n.perception=idea=insight=viewpoint感觉，领悟n.Cambridge5 TEST4community=organization=group=body团体n.fragile=delicate脆弱的adj.remote=distant 遥远的adj.require=desire=order=command要求v.inhabitant=resident=dweller居住者，居民n.consequently=thus=accordingly=hence=therefore=as a result 结果，因此adv. destination=goal=end point=terminus目的地n.throughout=around=wholly=everywhere=end-to-end自始至终，到处，全部adv. operate=act=run运转v.output=product输出，产品n.decline=reduction=fall=slump=decrease=recession 下降n.undermine=destroy=damage=hurt=ruin 破坏v.revive=renaissance复兴v.unusual=rare=strange=uncommon罕见的，不寻常的adj.ordinary=standard=common=usual=general普通的,平常的adj.fragment=shard=debris=pieces=ruins碎片n.break=shatter=crack打碎，打破v.interior=inner layer=inside 内部的n. &adj.insist=claim=argue=believe=think坚持，坚称v.expand=extend=grow=boom=spread out=enhance扩张，扩大v.suppress=control=restrain=repress=put down=oppress=inhibit=ban=forbid=stifle 压制v. speed up=increase speed=quicken up=accelerate speed加速v.examine=analyse=survey=inspect=study=detect=investigate检查，调查v.dispute=debate=controversy=disagree=argue争论，争执n.&v.detect=analyse=explore=research=survey=investigate=inspect 察觉，发现v.claim=say=state=insist=argue=think=believe声称v.cue=implication=reminder=hint=evidence提示，信号，暗号n.unpredictable=fluctuate=changeable无法预测的adj.be referred to as=be known as=be regarded as 被称为encourage=induce=trigger=stimulate=boost=inspire鼓励，促使v.considerable=plenty=big=major=important数量可观的adj.regardless of=despite of=take no notice of 不管，不顾adequate=plenty=proper=appropriate=suitable充足的,适当的adj.assure=make sure=guarantee=ensure=insure=secure=make certain of保证，确保v. suitable=appropriate=proper=adequate=matching 合适的adj.Cambridge6 TEST1exchange=apply something learned in one to others=change 交流v.expertise=skill 专门技术n.employ=analyze=study 使用v.investigation=analysis 调查n.narrow=focus on 缩小范围v.reproduce=copy=replicate=repeat 复制v.funded support=finance 资金n.athlete=sportsmen and women 运动员n.calculate=measure 计算v.event=championship 赛事n.plan=prepare=design 计划v.improve=grow=get better 进步v.trade=economy 贸易n.transport=import or export=deliver 运输v.local=domestic=native=indigenous 当地的adj.weakening=less=reduced=decreased 下降的adj.value=worth=price=credit=use=benefit=profit 价值n.delivery=export or import 运输n.nearby nations=geographic neighbours 近邻n.international=ocean=global=worldwide 国际的adj.shipping=freight 船运n.cargo=freight=goods 货物n.tariff=charge=fee=tax 税费n.landscape=environment=nature=surrounding=circumstance=view风景n. difficult=harsh=demanding=tough=challenging 困难的adj.essential supplies=food and clothing=necessities 必需品n.supply=provision=support 供给n.grow=increase=rise=improve=go up=boost=expand=extend 增长v. respect=credibility=weight=hour=admiration=consideration尊重n. understanding=knowledge 了解n.well-being=health 健康n.impossible=out of the question=unlikely 不可能adj.catch=exploit=capture 抓捕v.surrounding=environment=circumstance 环境n.push to one's limits=test one's limits 挑战极限not unmanageable=can cope with 能处理的present inhabitant=descendant 居民give up=abandon 放弃mainly=heavily=most 主要地visit=venture 参观Cambridge6 TEST2successfully=spectacularly well=wonderfully 成功地adv.people power=local pressure groups 群众力量n.commute=travel 通勤v.higher=increasing=more 更高的adj.income=wealth=salary=wage=payment 收入n.beneficial=valuable=profitable=good 有益的adj.together=face to face 共同refute=not mean=rebut=deny 反驳v.accommodation=live=living condition 住宿n.usage=use=benefit=profit 用处n.averagely good=reasonable but not special 较好的limited=minimal 有限的adj.move from one to another=adopt one over another 转移show=reveal=uncover=indicate=point out=imply 表明related=associated 有关联的adj.suffer=be afflicted 忍受（病痛）v.research=study=investigation=survey 研究n.affect=afflict=influence=change 影响v.disease=medical complain=illness 病痛n.increase=surge=rise=gain=grow=go up=add=escalate 上升v.link=correlation=connection=relationship 关系n.considerable=significant=substantial=massive=marked大量的adj. reduction=drop=concession=fall=decrease 下降n.elderly people=old people 老人n.independent=self-reliant 自立的adj.regular=daily 定期的adj.exercise=physical activity 运动n.challenging=difficult=tough=demanding 有挑战性的adj. decline=deteriorate=reduce=drop=decrease 下降v.lonely=emotionally isolated 孤独的adj.hand signal=gesture=body language 手势n.restricted=limited 有限的adj.concept=abstract idea=definition 定义n.specific=particular=detailed 特定的adj.early=older 早期的adj.fulfill=qualify=achieve=keep=satisfy 完成v.sufficient=enough 足够的adj.quantity=how many=amount 数量n.misunderstanding=confusion 误解n.prevent=resolve=forbid=stop 防止v.poor=lack of=impoverished 贫穷adj.newer=later=recent=present 新的adj.ancestor=early people=predecessor 祖先n.Cambridge6 TEST3teach=educate=cultivate=nature 教育v.actor=star 演员n.first=initial=early=primary 最早的adj.storyline=narrative=plot 故事情节n.globe=world 世界n.early=first=ancient 早期的adj.passing of time=flow of time 时光的流逝describe=tell 描述v.realistic=achievable 现实的adj.target=goal=aim 目标n.feedback=comment=advice=criticism 反馈n.match to=suit to 合适reward=promotion or advancement=prize=benefit 奖励n.link to=make something contingent on=associate with=connect with=relate to 联系起来achievement=attainment=gain=success 成就n.remuneration=payment 酬金n.tend to=prone to 倾向于feel=perceive=think=find=experience=notice=have an opinion 感觉v.participate=be involved in=take part in=join 参加v.staff=employee=worker 员工n.visible=disclosed=obvious=noticeable 可见的adj.clerical worker=clerk 书记员n.judge=rate=criticize=assess=evaluate=gauge=appraise 评判v.job=work=assignment 工作n.delay=slow=prolong=postpone=procrastinate=shelve=put off延后v.growing old=ageing 变老people=mortal=people=individual 人n.life=lifespan 生命chance=likelihood=fortune=hope=possibility=opportunity=risk=luck 机会n.production=generation=output 产量n.theory=hypothesis=guess=guesswork 猜想n.focus on=emphasize=aim at=concentrate on 集中于short=scarce=limited=insufficient 短缺的adjCambridge6 TEST4drug company=pharmaceutical company 医药公司n.promotion=marketing 营销n.increase=escalate=rise=go up=grow 上升v.research=study=survey=investigation 研究n.work=be an effective way=be useful=help=achieve=succeed=have an effect=happen=turn out 奏效v.technique=strategy=skill=expertise=method=way 技术n.criticism=judgement=skepticism=disapproval=denunciation 批评n.moral=ethical 道德的adj.legitimate=have every right to do=legal=right=authorized 合法的adj.money=profit=benefit=income=currency 钱n.adults=men and women 成人n.maternal=mother=female 母亲的adj.education=literacy=cultivation 教育n.child=infant=kid 孩子n.approximately=about=around=nearly 大约adv.impressive=greatest=touching=unforgettable 印象深刻的adj.programme=campaign=project 项目n.common=persistent=normal=usual=ordinary=everyday 常见的adj.be halved=decline by 50% 减半key=most important=crucial=critical=significant 关键的adj. produce=develop=generate=engineer=manufacture 生产v.detailed=explicit=specific 细节的adj.on its own=alone 自身however=but=yet 但是self-confidence=assertiveness=confidence 自信n.effective=useful=beneficial=good=needed 有效的adj.distinguish=recognize the difference=differentiate 区别v. Cambridge7 TEST1rely on=depend on 依靠v.avoid=stay away=keep away=steer clear of=make a detour 避免v.die out=extinct=disappear=no longer exist 灭绝v.hunt=search for=look for=try to find=in search of 打猎v.limb=arm or leg=body=organ 四肢n.perceive=sense=see=spot=become aware of=observe 感知，感觉v. calculate=measure=work out=figure=estimate=access 计算v. detection=finding=observation 探测n.coin=invent=make=create=come up with 发明，创造v.inaccurate=incorrect=wrong=misleading 不精确的adj.revision=change=shift=reform=alteration 改进n.downward=fall=drop=downhill 下降的adj.increasing=soaring=growing=rising 上升的adj.primarily=mainly=largely=chiefly=principally 主要地adv.due to=because of=as a result of=thanks to=owing to 因为decrease=reduce=fall=drop 下降v.radical=not traditional=new=unconventional 激进的adj.prior to=beforehand=before=in advance=on the eve of 之前demanding=difficult=hard=challenging=tough 要求高的，艰难的adj. well known=notorious=famous=renowned 著名的adj.admit=acknowledge=confess=to tell the truth 承认v.be similar to=like=resemble=bear a resemblance to=akin to 相似v. result in=lead to=cause=give rise to=bring about 引发，导致sophisticated=advanced=high-tech=complex=complicated 复杂的address=solve=deal with=handle 处理v.imitate=copy=impersonate=follow one's example 模仿v.maintain=continue=carry on=keep up=preserve 维持v.feed=eat=have=chew=swallow=consume 喂食v.illustrate=show=demonstrate=make clear=reflect 说明v.memorise=learn=commit something to memory 记忆v. conventional=traditional=conformist=conservative 传统的v.notice=see=spot=be aware of=be conscious of 注意到v.retain=keep=save=hold on to 保持v.convince=persuade=win sb. over=satisfy 使确信v.。

剑桥雅思阅读替换同义词雅思阅读题目出题的本质是三种替换：同义词/词组替换，句型替换，语法替换，以下是剑桥真题中的考点词,替换词,一次多义总结：1.rigid/stiff/unchanged/littlechange僵硬的，一成不变的2.significant/enormous/dramatic/tremendous/appreciablR/remarkable/crucial/巨大的,明显的，程度大的/substantial3.approRimatelR将近-nearlR,almost4.proportion/percentage比例5.beinvolved(in)/involvein/involvement[n.]涉及，卷入，参与6.given/considering,inregardto/despite/although有鉴于、考虑到，尽管6.induce[v]引入，引导，引诱/inductive[n]归纳><deduce/deductive推断7.fortune/destinR/chances8.deplete开采完，耗尽/eRhaust–eRhaustemission(尾气)排放/eRploitpleR错综复杂的/complicated/sophisticated老奸巨滑的，复杂的10.capacitR能力，容量/competence（竞争）能力/abilitR能力（笼统的）11.确保，保障：Secure-securitR/ensure(insure)/guarantee押金12.solelR/merelR/onlR13.avastarraRof系列/agreatvarietRof花样，品种/agreatrang系列of14.pesticide杀虫/suicide自杀/homicide/murder杀人15.believe/assume(responsibilitR)/suppose16.授权，委托：authorize/commission佣金/entitle头衔+ment=right（权利）17.purchase/buR18.ethnic种族的/ethic伦理，道德的+s=[n]19.modifR/change[v]shiftwork轮班工作[n]20.insight/knowledge/learning/understanding/knowing21.constrain拘泥，限制/restrict限制/limit22.circumstance环境（社会）/surroundings/environment环境（环保）背景background后台/settings后台，布景/conteRt上下文（文章中）23.notorious臭名昭著的/flagrant臭的><fragrant香的24.移民：immigrant(进来)/emigrant(出去)/migrant25.兴旺，繁荣；prosperous/thriving/booming（人口，行业）/flourishing26.神圣的：divine/heavenlR/holR/sacred27.有毒的：poisonous/toRic(in-,non-无毒的)28.致命的：deadlR/fatal/lethal/mortal29.类似于：looklike/resemble30.chronic长期的,慢性的—long-term长期的31.网恋：virtuallove/cRberlove32.网友：on-line/net/cRberfriend上网（聊天）chatonline/goon-linecRbercafé/网吧33.evolve-evolution进化/revolute-revolution革命，旋转/involve-involution卷入，涉及34.indicator/predictor表示诠释，预测35.indicate/demonstrate/displaR/eRhibit/betraR36.therapist/eRpert/specialist37.优点，长处，美德：advantage/merit/virtue/lengthmonest/frequent39.未开发的，初级的：rudimentarR/underdeveloped40.退化：degenerate/-tion[n]->generate生产，制造/degrade->grade等级/deteriorate恶化，每况愈下41.分类：categorR-categorize/class-classifR42.consequence后果->影响/subsequence紧跟其后/sequence=order秩序/frequencR频率43.clash冲突（民族，种族）/crash飞机坠毁44.substitution=>substitutesthforsb/replace45.alternative=>选择性，代替性，辅助性46.孤立：isolate/alienate/insulate隔绝，排外，孤立->bealiento/insulate(-ior)绝缘，隔（体）47．缺点，不足之处：defect/flaw/failing/disadvantage/drawback48.创新的，发明的，新颖的，创新的：inventive(-tion)/innovative(-tion)/creative(-tion)/ingenious(itR)/novel(-tR)=>[n]/creat ive/revolutionarR(易错拼写：environment/convenient)49．neutral中立的，中性的/negative否定，消极，阴性的/positive肯定，积极，阳性的50．ambiguous->ambiguitR模棱两可的，暧昧的/obscuremunicate沟通，传达52.accommodate1供...食宿，2=adaptto适应，调整，3=hold容纳，4使…停靠mitment1~tosth.奉献2责任,义务54．contributeto导致~resultin/accountfor(占据)导致54.缺乏的，不足的：inadequate/insufficient/deficient/lack(of)/short(of)55.强调：emphasize/stress/highlight/focuson/concentrate明显的：apparentlR显而易见的/patentlR道貌岸然的/obviouslR=>evidentlR56.对…怀疑：(be)/skeptical/skeptical/dubious/suspicious(about/of)57.缺点，缺陷：drawback/fault/defect/imperfection/failing/weakness/shortcoming/flaw58.臭命昭著的：notorious->notorietR/flagrant/smellR/odorous59.机构，组织：association/structure/organization60.超过：eRceed/surpass61.岩浆：moltenrock/lava/magma62.语言：linguist~学家/lingual和~有关的/bilingual/双语63.多种多样的：diversitR/varietR/breed/speciesbreed：[n]品种，[v]繁殖，培养，引起，造成64.dialect方言accent腔调65.开始的，初步的：begin/launch/initial(-lR)[v]首字母，开始的/initiate开始，发动>initiative原创性=origin66.贫穷：poor/inpovertR/impoverished（被剥夺财产的）67.杰出：eminence(-t)/prominence(-t)/unusual68.gene/geneticdefect~缺陷/anatomR解剖/conceive构思，怀孕/deliver分娩69.辅助性：alternative补充性/therapist70.演绎，推理：deduce->deductive/inferential><induce引导，引入，归纳->induction归纳71.令人困惑的：bewildering/puzzling/perpleRing72.applR：紧靠，涂，将…应用于，适用，专心致力于，献身于73.subsidize辅助/subsidR补助，补贴/subsidiarR74.afactorinsth/dependonsth75.bepreferredbR/choice76.attitudeto/how77.thepresentcenturR/modernsocietR78.broad/great79.intermof按照，在…方面，关于/withregardto,inspiteof不顾，尽管80.small-scale小范围/marginal边缘处的81.phRsical/medical82.negotiation/agreement谈判，洽谈/商定，协议83.evolve/develop84.apartment/accommodation公寓/住房85.virtual(love)/simulate模拟的（网恋）/模拟86.catastrophe/disaster大灾难/灾难，不幸87.innovate/invent革新，创新/发明，创造sculpture/craft雕刻，雕塑/工艺88.eRorbitant/eRpensive过度的，极高的/费用大的，昂贵的89.beparticipantin/takepartin/participateinbour[美，澳]/work91.attendto/takecareof/lookafter照料,照看92.dualemploRment/dual-worker双职工（家庭）93.indicate/predict指示，表明，象征/预料，预言Amajorcontributorto/becentralto来源，起点/是…的主要，中心原因94.eRpert/therapist专家，能手；知识丰富的/某个专科的专家95.leadto/beassociatedwith相联系（带来…的好处）96.balanced/equitable平等的97.handicap/disabled/primitive残疾的，落后的98.couldnot-andcannot/hasalwaRsbeenunabletobR/from99.benefit/advantage100.substantialinfluence/greaterlikelihood101.agreeon/beinagreement102.considereddesirable/effectiveness103.masquerade/(in)disguise伪装104.insignificant/didn’t matterseriouslR不重要/不严重的105.inspect/eRamine审核,检查106．caliber/criterion标准107．no-oneknow><notorious无人知晓><臭名昭著的108．dissatisfR/argue不满意/厌恶，讨厌109.pessimism/negative/blue><optimistic悲观的，忧郁的><乐观的110.unsatisfactorR/hardlRbelookedupon111.identifR/define112.turn…into/become/changeinto113.urban/rural/suburban114.demolish/knockdown/dismantle/destroR毁坏，拆毁（建筑物）/敲，打115.migration/move迁移/移动116.paR/chargesbfor向某人…猛攻，充电，负责，付费，控诉117.separate/split分开，使隔绝，提取/分，劈开118.fascination/attraction(-e:[v])迷住，吸引住119.notrequire/unnecessarR不需要/不必要120.decode/decipher译解（密码），解释121.delaR/drawback=disadvantage耽误，延迟/欠缺，弊端122.association/organization机构，关联/组织123.recent/current/nowadaRs/present最近的/现代的/当今的/现在124.intensiveburst/eRplosiverelease强烈的爆发/爆炸性的释放125.recognized/identified承认，识别，认可/识别，鉴别126.aimto/focuson针对，目标，打算/集中127.link…to/lead to连接/导致，通向128.inadequate(diet)/deficiencR(intraceminerals)不充分，不适当的/缺乏，不足129.basic/fundamental基础的，基本的130.seize/catch捕捉，抓住131.fatal/lethal/deadlR致命的132.successon/runningon成功133.costlR/berelatedbR有关系的134.beobtainedin/bederivedin获得，流行，通用/由…产生，起源于135.high-income/wealthR高收入的/富裕的136.bealike/besimilarto相同的，相似的137.indicate/show显示，指出，象征138.eliminate/lessen><消除/减少139.notrisensignificantlR/stagnate停滞不前的140.salarR/wage工资：总称/蓝领的141.create/gain创造，造成/获得，增加efficientlR/increasedproductivitR有效率的/上升的生产率142.economR/financial经济143.administration/management/government144.(be)sRmpathetic/understandng同情的，赞同/理解145.introduce/involve引入/卷入146.change/different/shift147.die><demise死亡148.almost/approRimatelR149.beoutofdate/beoutmoded/beoutoffashion150.lessen/reduce减少151.famous/eminent/renowned/illustrious出名的152.barrier/hurdle/barricade153.higherposition/toppost154.Advantage:virtue,merit,benefit,positiveaspect,strength,pluspoint,upside好处,优点,长处155.Disadvantage:failing,weakness,defect,drawback,negativeaspect,fault,demerits不利,缺点,缺陷156.Casual:arbitrarR,unplanned,uneRpected,随意的157.Effective:efficient,effectual,fruitful,productive,valid多效的158.Criticize:reproach,blame,condemn批评,责怪159.Flaw:weakness,defect缺点160.AbilitR;capabilitR,power,caliber能力161.Dishonest:deceptive不诚实的162.Fair:equitable,equal,impartial,公平的163.Success:achievement,feat,skill成功164.Reason:factor,contributor,origin,原因165.Result:outcome,consequence,implication结果166.Resultfrom:arisefrom,originatefrom,bedueto,thanksto,由于，因为167.Giveriseto:contributeto,leadto,resultin,cause,breed,create,incur导致168.Disaster:catastrophe灾难169.Pollute:contaminate污染170.Poisonous:toRic有毒的171.Decrease;fall,drop,plunge,decline,stepback,downward,minimize,abate下降172.Increase:rise,goup,surge,grow,上升173.Growing:increasing,rising,上升的174.Indigenous,local,endemic本土的,当地的175.eRotic,foreign,alien,introduced引进的,外地的,外来的176.derivefrom,obtainfrom,originatefrom177.limit,restrict,circumscribe,confine限制178.legal,law,legislation,Act法律的,法律,立法,法案179.disease,maladR,illness,ailment,epidemic,infectiousdisease,contagiousdisease.疾病180.creature:animals,humankind,plants生物181.pervade,permeate弥漫182.noteasR,difficult183.dueto,leadto,thanksto,becauseof,attributeto(归因于),contributeto184.similar—standincontrastto(反义)185.different---same(反义)186.cease/stop---continue(反义)187.fact---theorR/fiction/illusion/fantasR(事实---理论/想象/幻想/想象)188.nearbR,adjacentto;border;neighbor在附近189.ineRcessof;eRceed;transcend超过超越。

剑桥雅思阅读替换同义词雅思阅读题目出题的本质是三种替换：同义词/词组替换,句型替换,语法替换,笔者将从这三方面根据学生课堂笔记进行分类整理.以下是剑桥真题中的考点词,替换词,一次多义总结：1.rigid/stiff/unchanged/little change僵硬的,一成不变的2.significant/enormous/dramatic/tremendous/appreciably/remarkable/crucial/巨大的,明显的,程度大的/substantial3.approximately 将近-nearly, almost5.be involved <in>/involve in/involvement[n.]涉及,卷入,参与6.given/considering , in regard to/despite/although有鉴于、考虑到,尽管6.induce [v] 引入,引导,引诱/inductive [n] 归纳>< deduce/deductive推断8.deplete 开采完,耗尽/exhaust–exhaust emission <尾气>排放/exploit9 plex 错综复杂的/complicated/sophisticated老奸巨滑的,复杂的10.capacity能力,容量/competence〔竞争〕能力/ability能力〔笼统的〕11.确保,保障：Secure-security/ensure <insure>/guarantee 押金13.a vast arrayof 系列/a great variety of 花样,品种/a great rang 系列of14.pesticide 杀虫/suicide 自杀/homicide/murder杀人15.believe/assume<responsibility>/suppose16.授权,委托：authorize/commission 佣金/entitle 头衔+ment =right 〔权利〕18. ethnic 种族的/ethic 伦理,道德的+ s =[n]19. modify/change [v] shift work 轮班工作[n]20. insight/knowledge/learning/understanding/knowing21.constrain拘泥,限制/restrict 限制/limit22.circumstance 环境〔社会〕/surroundings/environment 环境〔环保〕背景background 后台/settings后台,布景/context 上下文〔文章中〕23.notorious 臭名昭著的/flagrant臭的><fragrant 香的24.移民：immigrant <进来>/emigrant<出去>/migrant25.兴旺,繁荣；prosperous/thriving/booming〔人口,行业〕/flourishing26.神圣的：divine/heavenly/holy/sacred27.有毒的：poisonous/toxic < in-, non- 无毒的>28.致命的：deadly/fatal/lethal/mortal29.类似于：look like/resemble30. chronic长期的,慢性的— long-term长期的31.网恋：virtuallove/cyber love32.网友：on-line/net/cyberfriend上网〔聊天〕chat on line/go on-line cyber café/网吧33.evolve-evolution进化/revolute-revolution 革命,旋转/involve-involution 卷入,涉及34. indicator/predictor表示诠释,预测37. 优点,长处,美德：advantage/merit/virtue/length38. commonest/frequent39. 未开发的,初级的：rudimentary/underdeveloped40. 退化：degenerate/-tion [n] ->generate 生产,制造/degrade->grade 等级/deteriorate 恶化,每况愈下41. 分类：category-categorize/class-classify42.consequence后果->影响/subsequence紧跟其后/sequence=order秩序/frequency频率43.clash冲突〔民族,种族〕/crash 飞机坠毁44. substitution=> substitute sth for sb/replace45.alternative=> 选择性,代替性,辅助性46.孤立：isolate/alienate/insulate隔绝, 排外,孤立->be alien to/insulate <-ior>绝缘,隔〔体〕47．缺点,不足之处：defect/flaw/failing/disadvantage/drawback48.创新的,发明的,新颖的,创新的：inventive <-tion>/innovative<-tion>/creative<-tion>/ingenious <ity>/novel <-ty>=>[n]/creative/revolutionary <易错拼写：environment/convenient>49．neutral中立的,中性的/negative 否定,消极,阴性的/positive 肯定,积极,阳性的50．ambiguous->ambiguity模棱两可的,暧昧的/obscure51 municate 沟通,传达52.accommodate1供...食宿,2=adapt to 适应,调整,3=hold 容纳,4使…停靠53 mitment1 ~ to sth. 奉献2责任,义务54．contribute to 导致~ result in/account for<占据>导致54.缺乏的,不足的：inadequate/insufficient/deficient/lack <of>/short<of>55.强调：emphasize/stress/highlight/focus on/concentrate明显的：apparently 显而易见的/patently道貌岸然的/obviously=>evidently …怀疑：<be>/skeptical/skeptical/dubious/suspicious <about/of>57.缺点,缺陷：drawback/fault/defect/imperfection/failing/weakness/shortcoming/flaw58.臭命昭著的：notorious->notoriety/flagrant/smelly/odorous59.机构,组织：association/structure/organization60.超过：exceed/surpass61.岩浆：molten rock/lava/magma62.语言：linguist ~学家/lingual和~有关的/bilingual/双语63.多种多样的：diversity/variety/breed/speciesbreed：[n]品种,[v]繁殖,培养,引起,造成64.dialect 方言accent腔调65.开始的,初步的：begin/launch/initial <-ly> [v]首字母,开始的/initiate开始,发动>initiative 原创性= origin66.贫穷：poor/in poverty/impoverished〔被剥夺财产的〕67.杰出：eminence <-t>/prominence<-t>/unusual68.gene/genetic defect ~缺陷/anatomy解剖/conceive构思,怀孕/deliver分娩69.辅助性：alternative补充性/therapist70.演绎,推理：deduce->deductive/inferential >< induce 引导,引入,归纳-> induction归纳71.令人困惑的：bewildering/puzzling/perplexing72.apply：紧靠,涂,将…应用于,适用,专心致力于,献身于73.subsidize辅助/subsidy补助,补贴/subsidiary74.a factor in sth/depend on sth75.be preferred by/choice76.attitude to/how77.the present century/modernsociety79.in term of 按照,在…方面,关于/with regard to, in spiteof 不顾,尽管80. small-scale 小X围/marginal边缘处的81. physical/medical82.negotiation/agreement 谈判,洽谈/商定,协议85.virtual <love>/simulate模拟的〔网恋〕/模拟86.catastrophe/disaster 大灾难/灾难,不幸87.innovate/invent 革新,创新/发明,创造sculpture/craft 雕刻,雕塑/工艺88.exorbitant/expensive 过度的,极高的/费用大的,昂贵的89. be participant in/take part in/participate inbour[美,澳]/work91.attend to/take care of92.dual employment/dual-worker双职工〔家庭〕93.indicate/predict 指示,表明,象征/预料,预言A major contributorto/becentral to 来源,起点/是…的主要,中心原因94.expert/therapist 专家,能手；知识丰富的/某个专科的专家95.lead to/be associated with 相联系〔带来…的好处〕97.handicap/disabled/primitive 残疾的,落后的98. could not-and cannot/hasalways been unable to by/from101.agree on/define103.masquerade/<in> disguise伪装’t seriously 不重要/不严重的105.inspect/examine审核,检查106．caliber/criterion 标准107．no-one know>< notorious无人知晓><臭名昭著的108．dissatisfy/argue 不满意/厌恶,讨厌109.pessimism/negative/blue >< optimistic 悲观的,忧郁的>< 乐观的… into/become114.demolish/knock down/dismantle 毁坏,拆毁〔建筑物〕/敲,打…猛攻,充电,负责,付费,控诉117.separate/split 分开,使隔绝,提取/分,劈开118.fascination/attraction <-e:[v]> 迷住,吸引住120.decode/decipher 译解〔密码〕,解释121.delay/drawback= disadvantage 耽误,延迟/欠缺,弊端122.association/organization 机构,关联/组织125.recognized/identified 承认,识别,认可/识别,鉴别126.aim to/focus on 针对,目标,打算/集中…to/lead to连接/导致,通向128. inadequate <diet>/deficiency <in trace minerals> 不充分,不适当的/缺乏,不足129.basic/fundamental基础的,基本的130.seize/catch 捕捉,抓住132.success on/running on 成功134.be obtained in/be derivedin 获得,流行,通用/由…产生,起源于136.be alike/be similar to 相同的,相似的137.indicate/show显示,指出,象征138. eliminate/lessen >< 消除/减少139. not risensignificantly/stagnate 停滞不前的140.salary/wage 工资：总称/蓝领的141.create/gain创造,造成/获得,增加efficiently/increased productivity 有效率的/上升的生产率144.<be> sympathetic/understand 同情的,赞同/理解146.change/different来源:恒星英语网147.die>< exist死亡><存在149.be out of date/bedeveloped153.higher position/top post154.Advantage: virtue, merit,benefit , positive aspect, strength, 好处,优点,长处155.Disadvantage: weakness,failing, weakness, defect, drawback, negative aspect,fault不利,缺点,缺陷156.Casual: arbitrary, unplanned, unexpected,随意的157.Effective: efficient, effectual, fruitful, productive,valid多效的158.Criticize: reproach, blame, 批评159.Flaw: weakness, defect缺点160.Ability; capability, power, caliber能力161.Dishonest: deceptive不诚实的162.Fair: equitable, equal, impartial, 公平的163.Success: achievement,feat成功来源:恒星英语网164.Reason:factor, contributor, origin, 原因165.Result: outcome, consequence,implication结果166.Result from: arise from, originate from, be due to, thanksto, 由于,因为167.Give rise to: contribute to, lead to, result in, cause, breed,create, incur导致168.Disaster: catastrophe 灾难169.Pollute: contaminate污染170.Poisonous: toxic 有毒的171.Decrease; fall, drop, plunge, decline,step back, downward, minimize, abate 下降172.Increase: rise, go up, surge,grow, 上升173.Growing: increasing, rising, 上升的。

雅思阅读中的同义词替换汇总1. abandon, desert, forsake, leave, give up：这些动词或词组均含“抛弃、放弃”之意abandon:强调永远或完全放弃或抛弃人或事物等，这可能是被迫的，也可能是自愿的。

desert:着重指违背法律责任和义务，或自己的信仰与誓言的行为，多含非难的意味。

forsake:侧重断绝感情上的依恋，自愿抛弃所喜欢的人或物。

也指抛弃信仰或改掉恶习。

leave:普通用词，指舍弃某事或某一职业，或终止同一某人的关系，但不涉及动机与果。

give up:普通用语，侧重指没有希望或因外界压力而放弃。

2. ability, capacity, capability, genius, talent, competence, faculty, gift, aptitude这些名词均可表示人的“能力，才能”之意。

ability:普通用词，指人先天的或学来的各种能力。

capacity:侧重指人的潜在能力，通常不指体力，多指才智，尤指接受与领悟能力。

capability:多用于人，指胜任某项具体工作的能力，也指本身具有、尚未发挥的潜在能力。

常与of或for连用。

genius:语气最强，指天赋的高度才能与智力。

talent:着重指人某方面具有可发展和倍养的突出天赋才能，但语意比genius弱。

competence:正式用词，侧重指令人满意的业务能力与水平，达到胜任某项工作等的要求。

faculty:指特殊的才能或智力。

gift:着重个人的天赋的才能或在某方面的显著本领，常暗含不能用一般规律作解释的意味。

aptitude:多指先天或后天习得的运用自如的能力，常暗示接受能力强，能迅速掌握一种学术训练或艺术技巧。

3. able, capable, competent：这些形容词均含有“有能力的，能干的”之意able:最常用词，多用于褒义，着重指多方面的，经常性的，或潜在性的能力。