英译汉

1.I’m no wiser than before. 我和以前一样一无所知2.My uncle remembered me on my birthday. 我叔叔/舅舅在我生日那天送了我生日礼物3.I should know this tune. 我确实听过这首曲子2.1英汉语言对比1.主语与主题●中国传统哲学主张●王力——西洋语言法制(topic prominent)，中国语言人治(subject prominent)E.g. A dialect is known by every linguist in this room. 有这么一种方言，这间屋子里的每一个语言学家都懂Practice.1.I would not believe what he said. 他说的话，我不会相信的2.I did not remember a single point discussed at the meeting. 会议上讨论的内容，我完全不记得了3.I know Mr. Wang. 王先生啊，我认识4.He is the best singer. 唱歌，他最擅长2.形合与意合●古希腊——语词系统与思维系统一致中国——重直觉，强调意识流●Hypotaxis (形合)——syntactic devices, lexical equivalenceParataxis (意合)——semantic connection●方梦之——英语句法重形合，多用连词；汉语句法重意合，多用连接词Compare.1.Even if the monk can run away,, his temple cannot run with him. 跑的了和尚，跑不了庙2.Even if I were to be beaten to death, I will not tell. 打死我也并不说3.Modesty helps one go forward, whereas conceit makes one lag behind. 谦虚使人进步，骄傲使人落后4.If winter comes, can spring be far behind? 冬天来了，春天还会远吗?5.We will not attack unless we are attacked. 人不犯我，我不犯人Practice.1.As the weather was fine, we decided to climb the mountain. 当天天气很好，于是我们决定去爬山2.My sister was expecting me, so I had to go now. 妹妹在等我，我得马上走了3.A body in motion remains in motion at a constant speed in a straight line unless acted upon by an external force. 不受外力的影响，运动中的物体能保持匀速直线运动4.We knew spring was coming as we had seen a robin. 看到知更鸟，就知道春天要来了3.树状与竹状E.g. The boy, who was crying as if his heart would break, said, when I spoke to him, that he was very hungry because he had had no days for two days. 男孩哭的心都快碎了，当我问及他时，他说饿极了，有两天没吃了Practice1.The moon is so far from the earth that even if huge trees were growing on the mountains and elephants were walking about, we could not see them through the most powerful telescope which have been invented. 月球离地球十分遥远，哪怕月球上长着参天大树，哪怕大象在上面行走，我们也无法用现有最高倍的望远镜看到他们2.Upon his death in 1826, Jefferson was buried under a stone which described him as he had wished to be remembered as the author of Declaration of Independence and the Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom and the father of the University of Virginia. Jefferson逝于1826年，遵照其遗愿，，他的墓碑上写着：《解放宣言》和《弗吉尼亚州信教自由》的作者，弗吉尼亚州大学创始人之墓4.静态与动态英语——静态语言，喜用名词和介宾汉语——动态语言，动词可在句中充当各种成分Practice.1.Admittance Free. 免票/费/券入场2.Out of Bounds. 游客止步3.No Admittance Except on Business. 闲人免进4.Danger of Death——High Voltage! 高压危险5.Party officials worked long hour on meagre food, in old caves, by dim lamps. 党员干部吃的是粗茶淡饭，住的是老旧的窑洞，点的是昏暗的油灯，仍长时间的工作6.What film will be on this evening? 今晚有什么电影上映?7.He walked around the house with a gun. 他持着枪，绕着屋子走8.A study of that letter leaves us in no doubt as to the motives behind it. 仔细研究了那封信，我们明确了它背后的动机9.The very first sight of her made him fall in love with her. 他对她一见钟情2.2英汉文化对比1.文化心理①颜色：a fair-haired girl 红人，受宠的人，金发女郎②动物：Four Asian Tigers 亚洲四小龙a lion in the way 拦路虎；a lion’s den 虎穴2.文化价值“老”：中文表尊敬，E.g.张老；英文有冒犯的意思3.风俗习惯“吃了吗？”——How are you?2.3英汉思维对比1.思维方式①时间:不到6岁(中-前后，英-above,under)②天人合一vs天人对立(中-人作主语，英-物作主语)2.正反与虚实①正反E.g. I have read your article, but I expect to meet an older man. 我读过你的文章，但没想到你这么年轻A seaman knows that sea is all-powerful and can, under certain circumstances, d estroy man and the product of his brain and hand, the ship. 水手们都知道，大海的威力是势不可挡的，在某些情况下，它能把人及人所制造的船只统统摧毁掉"Mine!Mine!"They would shout at the pretty rainbows that are down to the ear th, seeming never very far away. 他们会冲着那从天际弯弯地挂向地面的，看起来好像伸手可及的美丽的彩虹，大声呼喊"彩虹是我的!是我的!"Exception.He was not displeased with her honesty…it took a certain amount of experience in life, and courage, to want to do it quite that way. 他对于她的直率并没有感到不快…有点生活经验，又有点胆量的人才敢这么做Practice.1.Memory, as time goes on, is a selective thing. 随着时间的流逝，记忆会使人忘却一些事情2.The subversion attempts proved predictably futile. 不出所料，颠覆活动证明毫无意义3.The guerrillas would fight to death before they surrendered. 游击队员宁可战死，也不投降4.We believe that the younger generation will prove worthy our trust. 我们相信年轻一代不会辜负我们的信任5.It was beyond his power to sign such a contract. 他无权签订这种合同②虚实E.g. Wisdom prepares for the worst, but folly leaves the worst for the day it comes. 聪明人防患于未然，愚蠢者临渴方掘井Because of the circuitous and directional flow of waterways, railways often have energy advantage over barges. 由于河道迂回曲折且水流具有方向性，铁路运输相对于水运而言，常常具有节能优势Practice.6.The customer-made object, now restricted to the rich, will be within everyone’s reach. 这种定制产品如今仅限于富人享受，而将来人人都能买得起7.In the end things will mend. 车到山前必有路/船到桥头自然直8.He wanted to learn, to know and to teach. 他想要学习，掌握/增长知识，也愿意把知识教给别人9.These problems are too complicated to be explained clearly in a few words. 这些问题实在太复杂/盘根错节，三言两语说不清楚10.Rockets have found application for the exploration of the Universe. 火箭已用于探索宇宙3.褒贬与曲直①褒贬E.g. The irony is that Mrs. Gandhi presides over a nation with a highly promising long-term potential but which is saddled with equally difficult current problems.颇为耐人寻味的是，从长远的观点来看，甘地夫人掌管的国家是大有希望的，但目前却有着难以克服的困难She was vexed by the persistent ringing of the phone. 她被没完没了的电话搞得心烦意乱All the inventors have a restless mind. 所有的发明家都有一个活跃的头脑Practice.1.He was a man of integrity, but unfortunately he had a certain reputation. I believe the reputation was not deserved. 他是一个正直的人，名声却平平。