2018年高考化学(课标版)仿真模拟卷(三)含答案

12018高考仿真卷·英语(四)第一部分　听力(共两节,满分30分)(略)第二部分　阅读理解(共两节,满分40分)第一节(共15小题; 每小题2分,满分30分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。ADon’t have plenty of time for reading?If you are interested in non-fiction books,here are good choices for you.A Room of One’s OwnThis essay by English writer Virginia Woolf is based on her several lectures given to two women’s colleges at Cambridge University in 1928.In it,Woolf describes that it’s circumstance not talent alone that allows men to be more successful at writing.Women,in other words,spend so much time cooking,cleaning,and tending to their children that they have no time left for art.To write well,therefore,a woman must have “a room of her own”.While on its surface,this essay appears to be only about writing,it is actually about wealth and class,freedom and imprisonment,and the power struggle between sexes.The Art of War2Written by ancient Chinese military strategist Sun Zi,The Art of War is widely considered to be one of the best books about military strategy in human history.Consisting of 13 chapters,each dealing with a separate aspect about how to fight a war,the book has been translated into many languages and has thousands of editions.For centuries,it has been used to train military leaders for its detailed study of military strategy and effective leadership.Letter to My DaughterThis book of essays and poems by Maya Angelou,a respectable American poet,is written for “the daughter she never had” — the millions of women,both young and old,who she considers to be her “family”.From the viewpoint of a caring,older relative,this book contains lessons selected from her own life experiences,including the birth of her only child,a son,as well as the development and loss of friendship.A Brief History of TimeIf you’re short on time,then why not read about,well,the creation of time?This book,first published in 1998 from brilliant scientist and mathematician Stephen Hawking,explores mind-bending questions about the creation of the universe,including if and when it will end,and if so,how.Despite its heavy subject matter,Hawking addresses these questions in a way that’s easy to understand,even for those who know little about physics.21.What can we learn about the four books? A.A Brief History of Time mainly focuses on the matter of the earth.3B.Letter to My Daughter is actually a common family letter.C.The Art of War gives definition of philosophy.D.A Room of One’s Own is more than about writing.22.What can be inferred from the passage?A.As a physicist,Hawking is equally famous for writing.B.Maya devotes herself to fighting for women’s rights.C.The book by Sun Zi is helpful in policy-making.D.Woolf looks down upon men in writing.23.What is the purpose of the passage?A.To make comparisons between the four books.B.To recommend the four books to readers.C.To make comments on the four books.D.To promote sales of the four books.B4Enjoying a musical performance no longer requires a costly ticket or a trip to a theater.These days,musicians are performing in private homes,at haircutting shops,at airports...even on ferry boats.Musicians like house concerts.At music clubs,they often have to perform over loud conversation or deal with people who have had too much alcohol.People at house concerts are more focused on listening to the music.Just a few hours before the Bombadils started singing at the O’ Hair Salon,Lindsay was cutting hair and Tamera was doing facials.Then,they moved chairs and microphones to create a small performance space.The Bombadils made music in the front part of the hair salon,near the hairdryers and make-up tables.“This is our first show at a hair salon,” Sarah Frank of the Bombadils told concertgoers at last week’s performance.Frank said she and band members,Luke Fraser and Kaitlyn Raitz had a great time “interacting” with the audience.Concerts in people’s homes,or small businesses such as O’ Hair’s,are becoming more popular,musicians say.“There is a more relaxed atmosphere,” said Domenic Cicala,a musician who opened up his O’ Hair Salon to concerts.“People really get to know the artists.”At house concerts,people get time before and after concerts to meet the performers.Often,the hosts or guests will provide food and drink.5“People really like listening to music in the living room of a friend,” said Matt Hart,with Aubrey Zoli making up the Local Strangers,a folk-rock group based in Seattle.At many such concerts,the musicians do not need microphones.Yet,every word of their songs can be heard.24.Why do musicians like house concerts?A.Because private homes are easier to get to.B.Because people pay more attention to their music.C.Because they can do other things while performing.D.Because they don’t have to bring their microphones.25.What impressed Sarah Frank most at her last week’s performance?A.The small performance space.B.Her first show at a hair salon.C.Their interaction with the audience.D.The more relaxed atmosphere.26.How many music groups are mentioned in the text?A.One.B.Two.C.Three.D.Four.27.What may be the best title for the text?A.Musicians Struggle to Make a Living

2018高考仿真卷·思想政治(二)

(考试时间:50分钟 试卷满分:100分)

一、选择题(本题共12小题,每小题4分,共48分。在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的)

12.

右图反映了某国能源类A产品的市场供求状况。该国原先对A产品实行政府定价(P1),并对生产A产品的企业给予财政补贴。若该国现决定放开A产品价格并取消该项财政补贴,不考虑其他因素影响,下列推断合理的是( )

①生产A产品的企业利润下降 ②生产A产品的企业产能出现闲置 ③A产品供求状况会得到调整和改善 ④A产品下游企业会调整生产要素投入

A.①② B.②④ C.①③ D.③④

13.2018年我国坚持供给侧结构性改革为主线,解决经济运行面临的结构性失衡、供给结构跟不上国内中等收入群体扩大而变化了的消费结构,从而导致经济循环不畅等问题,努力实现供求关系新的动态均衡。下列有利于实现供求关系新的动态均衡的路径是( )

①鼓励创新,增强活力,提高劳动生产率和全要素生产率 ②深化行政管理体制改革,打破垄断,健全生产要素市场

③提高潜在增长率和供给质量,满足人民美好生活需求 ④深入研究市场变化,了解居民的现实需求和潜在需求

A.④→①→③→② B.①→④→②→③

C.④→②→①→③ D.①→③→④→②

14.全要素生产率是指产量与全部要素投入量之比;全要素生产率的来源包括技术进步、组织创新、专业化和生产创新等。产出增长率超出要素投入增长率的部分为全要素生产率(TFP,也称总和要素生产率)增长率。党的十九大报告指出,以供给侧结构性改革为主线,推动经济发展质量变革、效率变革、动力变革,提高全要素生产率。下列关于提高全要素生产率理解不正确的是( )

A.科学宏观调控,定向减税,提高全要素生产率

B.完善组织管理,推动效率变革,提高全要素生产率

C.提高员工素质,推动质量变革,提高全要素生产率

D.提升自主创新能力,推动动力变革,提高全要素生产率 15.2017年9月14日,国务院办公厅印发的《关于推广支持创新相关改革举措的通知》指出,准予有关区域的高校和科研院所采取年薪制、协议工资制、项目工资制等灵活多样的形式引进高层次或紧缺人才。年薪制、协议工资制、项目工资制是以年度、协议期限、项目完成期限为时间单位,根据任务目标、工作业绩确定薪酬的分配方式。这一举措( )

阶段检测卷(一)

(必修1 分子与细胞)

一、选择题

1.D 生物的生活环境属于生态系统的组成成分,也是生命系统的一部分,D错误。

2.D 细胞间的通讯不都与细胞膜表面的糖蛋白有关,如高等植物细胞可通过胞间连丝进行通讯,A项错误;细胞膜上的受体只能与特定的信号分子结合,具有特异性和选择性,B项错误;多数激素作用于靶细胞膜表面的受体,C项错误;突触前膜释放的递质是一种细胞通讯的信号分子,能与突触后膜上的受体特异性结合,引起突触后膜兴奋或抑制,D项正确。

3.B 动物中脂肪与蛋白质多,植物中糖类多。由表中元素含量可知,甲生物体内O含量多,乙生物体内C含量多,且N的含量比甲生物高,由此可推断,甲生物可能为植物,乙生物可能为动物,A错误;由于乙生物体内C、H元素含量多,O含量少,彻底氧化分解时产生水多,释放能量较多,所以等量的甲、乙两生物组织中,甲含的热量少于乙,B正确;不同生物体细胞中染色体和基因数目由生物体的复杂程度和物种特异性决定,与生物体的组成元素关系不密切,所以从表格中看不出染色体数目多少,C错误;因为表格中的数据是干重的,不能判断二者含水量的多少,D错误。

4.A 细胞发生癌变其新陈代谢加快,自由水含量较正常细胞的高,A项错误;同一个体在不同发育阶段,细胞中含水量有差异,例如幼儿细胞的含水量远远高于成年人的,植物幼嫩部分比老熟部分含水量高,B项正确;DNA分解为脱氧核苷酸是水解过程,需要消耗水,C项正确;自由水和结合水在一定的条件下可以相互转化,D项正确。

5.B 糖类只含有C、H、O,脂质的元素组成除C、H、O,往往还含有N、P,A正确;糖类和脂质并非都属于生物大分子,如糖类还有单糖、二糖等,B错误;与同等质量的糖类相比,脂肪所含能量多,原因是脂肪的分子组成中C、H比例高于糖类的,C正确;多糖和胆固醇都是构成细胞膜的重要成分,D正确。

6.B 核糖和脱氧核糖都属于五碳糖,普遍存在于动植物细胞内,A正确;构成蛋白质、核酸等生物大分子的单体在排列顺序上都具有多样性,构成淀粉的单体是葡萄糖,在排列顺序上没有多样性,B错误;DNA中含有脱氧核糖,RNA和ATP的化学组成中均有核糖,故它们的化学组成中均有糖类分子,C正确;一分子蔗糖由一分子葡萄糖和一分子果糖构成,一分子乳糖由一分子葡萄糖和一分子半乳糖构成,一分子麦芽糖由两分子葡萄糖构成,故它们水解产物中都有葡萄糖,性激素为固醇类,属于脂质,具有调节功能,D正确。

2018高考仿真卷·地理(六)

(时间:50分钟 满分:100分)

第Ⅰ卷 选择题(共44分)

本卷共11小题,每小题4分,共44分。在每个小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的。

当河流流出谷口时,摆脱了侧向约束,其携带的泥沙等物质在出山口处铺散沉积下来,形成扇形堆积体——冲积扇。冲积扇在平面上呈扇形,可分为扇顶、扇中、扇缘三部分,扇顶伸向谷口;在立体上大致呈半埋藏的锥形。下面左图为干旱区冲积扇平面示意图,右图为湿润区冲积扇平面示意图。据此完成第1~3题。

1.干旱区冲积扇形态较湿润区冲积扇形态显著的原因是( )

A.干旱区人类活动少、开发少 B.干旱区流水作用弱

C.湿润区河流落差小 D.湿润区冲积扇面积小

2.干旱区绿洲易出现在( )

A.冲积扇扇缘 B.冲积扇扇中 C.冲积扇扇顶 D.山谷中

3.横断山脉冲积扇易发生( )

A.渍涝 B.台风灾害 C.旱灾 D.泥石流灾害

在方言中,横切山脉使山脉中断的河谷或山谷称为“陉”,这种谷底因为走向与山脉近于垂直相交,也称为“横谷”。“陉”,历史上常被利用作为迁徙、贸易、征战的道路系统。下图为太行八陉示意图。据此完成第4~5题。

4.历史上陉的功能主要表现在( )

①交通通道 ②农业基地 ③人口集聚区 ④关隘要冲

A.①② B.②③ C.③④ D.①④

5.太行八陉中,交通意义最为重要的是( )

A.飞狐陉 B.井陉 C.白陉 D.轵关陉

第二次世界大战后,荷兰西部港口小镇罗曾堡(51.90°N,4.25°E)工业发展迅速,为此于1960年修建了一条新的入海运河——卡兰运河,分担原有南北向新沃特伟赫运河的运输压力,运河建成后,承担着繁重的运输任务,大型船只川流不息。1980年,在卡兰运河一侧河岸修建了一座高墙。该高墙长约1.75千米,由125根半圆弧形混凝土柱组成,柱高约25米,建成后有效削减75%的风力。据此完成第6~8题。