八年级下册Unit1 When was he born-单元练习

鲁教版五四制新八年级下册《Unit 1 When was he born》单元测试卷一、填空1．（3分）Susan became an（dingnatoust）writer when she was thirty﹣two years old．2．（3分）Leona broke the world（rdrcoe）three times during 1987﹣1989．3．（3分）Where（erwe）you born，Cathy？4．（3分）Jackie Chan is a great action（veimo）star．5．（3分）When you（sneeze），you'd better use a handkerchief （手帕）．B）用方框内所给词的适当形式填空．6．（3分）learn，have，write，start，call6．I to ride a bike when I was four years old．7．Students usually learning English in primary schools．8．They a big party to celebrate （庆祝）the harvest last October．9．Professor Li stopped after he had a heart disease．10．I Lucy last night，but she was not at home．根据句意，在每个句子的空白处填入一个适当的词，使句子意思完整，语法正确．7．（3分）Amy began ice skating the age of four．8．（3分）Liu Xiang was in 1983in Shanghai．9．（3分）Yesterday I did some morning exercises and a little breakfast．10．（3分）I stayed at home and TV yesterday．11．（3分）The boy Li Ming is my friend．II. 单项选择．（10分）12．（3分）﹣________ you born？﹣In a town near Tianjin．（）A．When were B．Where did C．Where were D．Where was13．（3分）When ________ you ________ to Shanghai？（）A．do，come B．did，come C．did，came D．were，come14．（3分）She ________ the national table tennis team in 1988．（）A．joins B．joined C．took part in D．took part15．（3分）Every year a lot of babies ________ born．（）A．is B．are C．was D．were16．（3分）He is always ________ late．（）A．works B．working C．work D．worked17．（3分）Tom was born ________ June 3rd，1997．（）A．in B．of C．on D．at18．（3分）﹣________ is Li Yundi？﹣A famous Chinese pianist．（）A．How B．What C．Which D．Who19．（3分）He ________ morning exercises yesterday．（）A．wasn't do B．didn't C．didn't do D．doesn't do20．（3分）﹣______ did he become a football player？﹣He became a football player in 1990．（）A．How long B．What time C．How D．When21．（3分）Deng Yaping went to Tsinghua University and ________ English and management．（）A．majored in B．major in C．majored for D．major forIII. 将下列句子译为英语．（10分）22．（3分）他太小了，不能去上学．23．（3分）她是一个杰出的网球选手．24．（3分）昨天，李明在演讲比赛（speech competition）中取得了第一名．25．（3分）你什么时候开始学英语的？26．（3分）他是一位富有创造力的人．IV. 句型转换．（15分）27．（3分）My father stayed there for two months．（对划线部分提问）did your father there？28．（3分）He went to school at the age of seven．（改为同义句）He went to school he seven years．29．（3分）This bike is new．（改为复数句子）bikes new．30．（3分）We played basketball yesterday afternoon．（对划线部分提问）you yesterday afternoon？31．（3分）He is too short．He can't reach the banana．（改为一句话）He is short the banana．V. 阅读理解．（15分）32．George Stephenson was born in 1781in a poor family．He had to start work when he was only eight．When George was fourteen，he became his father's helper．He spent a lot of time learning about engines（发动机）．And on holidays he often make one engine to pieces and studied each piece carefully．Soon he became a very good worker though he could not read or write．He began to learn English letters when he was seventeen years old．Every day after he did twelve hours of hard work，he walked a long way to have lessons from a young school teacher．On his eighteenth birthday，he wrote his own name for the first time in his life．George invented（发明）many things in his life．The train was the greatestone among them．Today when we take trains from one place to another，we'll think of this great man﹣George Stephenson．36．In which year did George Stephenson start to help his father？．A．In 1781B．In 1789C．In 1795D．In 179837．He learned about the engine．A．through reading and writingB．by making it to pieces and studying each piece carefullyC．at lessons from a young teacherD．by asking a lot of questions38．He spent a lot of time learning about engines and soon he became．A．a great manB．a good makerC．a good workerD．a good student39．George Stephenson invented the．A．the trainB．the telephoneC．the carD．the computer40．From the passage we know George Stephenson was one of the greatest in the world．A．workersB．writersC．learnersD．inventorsVI. 书面表达．（15分）33．根据下面表格所提供的信息，写一篇短文，来介绍你的朋友Mike．词数：50﹣70词之间．鲁教版五四制新八年级下册《Unit 1 When was he born》单元测试卷参考答案与试题解析一、填空1．（3分）Susan became an outstanding（dingnatoust）writer when she was thirty﹣two years old．【考点】3A：单词填空．【分析】苏珊三十二岁时就成了一名杰出的作家．【解答】答案：outstanding．考查形容词．结合语境"苏珊三十二岁时就成了一名__作家．"．及所给字母可知，应该是"杰出的"，修饰名词writer作家，用形容词outstanding．【点评】单词填空类型题要充分理解句意，再根据单词提示完成试题，注意时态，单复数，词性等变化．2．（3分）Leona broke the world record（rdrcoe）three times during 1987﹣1989．【考点】3A：单词填空．【分析】在1987年到1989年间，利昂娜三次打破世界纪录．【解答】答案：record．考查名词．结合语境"在1987年到1989年间，利昂娜三次打破世界__．"．可知，应该是"记录"，这里特指某个世界纪录，填单数名词record．【点评】单词填空类型题要充分理解句意，再根据单词提示完成试题，注意时态，单复数，词性等变化．3．（3分）Where were（erwe）you born，Cathy？【考点】3A：单词填空．【分析】你出生在哪里，凯西？【解答】答案：were．考查be动词．句意"你出生在哪里，凯西？"．be born出生．一般过去时态，主语you，用are的过去式were．【点评】单词填空类型题要充分理解句意，再根据单词提示完成试题，注意时态，单复数，词性等变化．4．（3分）Jackie Chan is a great action movie（veimo）star．【考点】3A：单词填空．【分析】成龙是一个动作片巨星．【解答】答案：movie．根据"Jackie Chan is a great action_______ （veimo）star．"因此可知这句话的意思是"成龙是一个动作片巨星．"故填movie．【点评】首先要掌握这个句子的意思，然后结合具体的题目，就可以确定正确答案．5．（3分）When you sneeze（sneeze），you'd better use a handkerchief （手帕）．【考点】3A：单词填空．【分析】当你打喷嚏的时候，你最好用一个手帕．【解答】答案：sneeze．根据" you'd better use a handkerchief （手帕）．"结合给出的英语提示，因此可知这句话的意思是"当你打喷嚏的时候，你最好用一个手帕．"打喷嚏的时候用手帕捂嘴这是一个经常性的，常识性的动作，所以要用一般现在时来填空，主语是你，故填sneeze．【点评】首先要掌握这个句子的意思，然后结合具体的题目，就可以确定正确答案．B）用方框内所给词的适当形式填空．6．（3分）learn，have，write，start，call6．I learned to ride a bike when I was four years old．7．Students usually start learning English in primary schools．8．They had a big party to celebrate （庆祝）the harvest last October．9．Professor Li stopped writing after he had a heart disease．10．I called Lucy last night，but she was not at home．【考点】R5：选词完成句子．【分析】6 当我四岁的时候，我学会了骑自行车．7 小学生通常在小学开始学习英语．8 他们去年十月举行了盛大的宴会庆祝丰收．9 李教授患了心脏病后停止了写作．10 我昨晚打电话给露西，但她不在家．【解答】6．learned 考查动词：分析句子，结合选词，推测意思是当我四岁的时候，我学会了骑自行车．动作发生在过去，用一般过去时，故答案是learned．7．start 考查动词：分析句子，结合选词，推测意思是小学生通常在小学开始学习英语．这里表示经常发生的动作，用一般现在时，主语是复数，故答案是start．8．had 考查动词：分析句子，结合选词，推测意思是他们去年十月举行了盛大的宴会庆祝丰收．动作发生在过去，用一般过去时，故答案是had．9．writing 考查动词：分析句子，结合选词，推测意思是李教授患了心脏病后停止了写作．这里表示停止做某事，用stop doing，故答案是writing．10．called 考查动词：分析句子，结合选词，推测意思是我昨晚打电话给露西，但她不在家．动作发生在过去，用一般过去时，故答案是called．【点评】解答这类试题时，务必充分理解上下文的语境和前后文的逻辑关系，找到解题的依据，同时考虑单词的适当形式，准确作答．根据句意，在每个句子的空白处填入一个适当的词，使句子意思完整，语法正确．7．（3分）Amy began ice skating at the age of four．【考点】R2：完成句子．【分析】艾米四岁时开始滑冰．【解答】答案：at．根据Amy began ice skating﹣﹣the age of four．可知艾米四岁时开始滑冰．这里at the age of four表示四岁时．故填at．【点评】做这类题型，首先根据所给信息明确句意，推断句子所要考查的单词的拼写，再结合相关语法知识对单词做出形式上的变化．8．（3分）Liu Xiang was born in 1983in Shanghai．【考点】R2：完成句子．【分析】刘翔1983年出生于上海．【解答】答案：born．根据Liu Xiang was﹣﹣in 1983 in Shanghai，可知刘翔1983出生于上海．be born 表示出生．故填born．【点评】做这类题型，首先根据所给信息明确句意，推断句子所要考查的单词的拼写，再结合相关语法知识对单词做出形式上的变化．9．（3分）Yesterday I did some morning exercises and had a little breakfast．【考点】R2：完成句子．【分析】昨天我做了早操，吃了一点早餐．【解答】答案：had．根据Yesterday I did some morning exercises and﹣﹣ a little breakfast，可知昨天我做了早操，吃了一点早餐．从did判断时态用一般过去时，have breakfast表示吃早饭．故填had．【点评】做这类题型，首先根据所给信息明确句意，推断句子所要考查的单词的拼写，再结合相关语法知识对单词做出形式上的变化．10．（3分）I stayed at home and watched TV yesterday．【考点】R2：完成句子．【分析】昨天我呆在家里看电视．【解答】答案：watched．根据I stayed at home and﹣﹣TV yesterday，可知这里yesterday用于一般过去时，watch TV表示看电视．故填watched．【点评】做这类题型，首先根据所给信息明确句意，推断句子所要考查的单词的拼写，再结合相关语法知识对单词做出形式上的变化．11．（3分）The boy named Li Ming is my friend．【考点】R2：完成句子．【分析】那个叫李明的男孩是我的朋友．【解答】答案：named．根据The boy﹣﹣Li Ming is my friend，可知那个叫李明的男孩是我的朋友．这里用过去分词短语作定语，named，命名，名叫．故填named．【点评】做这类题型，首先根据所给信息明确句意，推断句子所要考查的单词的拼写，再结合相关语法知识对单词做出形式上的变化．II. 单项选择．（10分）12．（3分）﹣________ you born？﹣In a town near Tianjin．（）A．When were B．Where did C．Where were D．Where was【考点】J2：特殊疑问句．【分析】﹣﹣你出生在哪里？﹣﹣在天津附近的一个小镇上．【解答】答案：C．根据In a town near Tianjin，可知由答语判断，问句应提问地点，"出生"是be born，与you相对应的be的过去式是were．故选C．【点评】考查特殊疑问句，特殊疑问句由疑问词+一般疑问句构成，注意一般疑问句的变法，时态和人称的变化等．13．（3分）When ________ you ________ to Shanghai？（）A．do，come B．did，come C．did，came D．were，come【考点】F1：一般过去时．【分析】你什么时候来上海的？【解答】答案：B．根据句意"你什么时候来上海的？"可知询问过去发生的事情，故此句应用一般过去时，助动词应用did，后面的come用原形．故选B．【点评】首先要掌握这个句子的意思，然后结合具体的题目，就可以确定正确答案．14．（3分）She ________ the national table tennis team in 1988．（）A．joins B．joined C．took part in D．took part【考点】F1：一般过去时；35：同义词、近义词的辨析．【分析】她于1988年加入国家乒乓球队．【解答】答案：B．根据选项可知join意为"加入某一组织，并成为其中一员"，take part in指参加会议或群众性的活动．结合空格后的the national table tennis team 可知加入国家乒乓球队，成为一名国家队员，故填入谓语动词join的正确形式，故排除C、D，结合句中的时间状语为in 1998，故确定该句的时态为一般过去时态，故填入join 的过去式，故选B．【点评】首先要掌握这个句子的意思，然后结合具体的题目，就可以确定正确答案．15．（3分）Every year a lot of babies ________ born．（）A．is B．are C．was D．were【考点】D6：系动词；F7：一般现在时．【分析】每年都有许多婴儿出生．【解答】答案：B．考查系动词．句意"每年都有许多婴儿出生．"．由时间状语every year判断，应用一般现在时，因主语babies是复数，所以用are．选B．【点评】考查系动词，is是单数，are是复数，am通常与I连用，要结合语境，选择合适用法，注意人称及主语的单复数变化．16．（3分）He is always ________ late．（）A．works B．working C．work D．worked【考点】D5：实义动词的现在分词．【分析】他总是工作很晚．【解答】答案：B 分析句子，结合选项，推测意思是他总是工作很晚．这里be always doing表示主语经常性的动作，同时也表达说话人的某种感情，如赞扬、批评、厌烦等．故选B．【点评】解答这类试题时，务必充分理解上下文的语境和前后文的逻辑关系，找到解题的依据，同时正确区分选项的细微差别，准确作答．17．（3分）Tom was born ________ June 3rd，1997．（）A．in B．of C．on D．at【考点】71：时间介词．【分析】汤姆出生在1997年6月3日．【解答】答案：C．考查介词．in表示在一个具体范围．of表示所属关系．on表示在具体某一天．at在具体的几点．由"1997年6月3日"，可知，具体某一天用介词on．选C．【点评】考查介词用法，这个知识点很广泛，有一些固定用法，需要日常积累，结合语境选择正确介词完成习题．18．（3分）﹣________ is Li Yundi？﹣A famous Chinese pianist．（）A．How B．What C．Which D．Who【考点】66：疑问代词．【分析】谁是李云迪？一位出名的中国钢琴家．【解答】答案：D 分析句子，结合选项，推测意思是谁是李云迪？一位出名的中国钢琴家．由答语判断，问句应是"Li Yundi是谁？"，因此用who提问．故选D．A怎样，B什么，C哪一个．【点评】解答这类试题时，务必充分理解上下文的语境和前后文的逻辑关系，找到解题的依据，同时正确区分选项的细微差别，准确作答．19．（3分）He ________ morning exercises yesterday．（）A．wasn't do B．didn't C．didn't do D．doesn't do【考点】IE：否定句．【分析】他昨天没有做早操．【解答】答案：C．由yesterday判断，句子应用一般过去时态，其否定形式应借助于助动词did，后面跟动词原形．故选C．【点评】做单项选择填空的技巧是：排除比较法．即利用上下文的时间状语，推断出合适的时态，排除错误的答案，然后再比较剩下的选择项，从而做出正确的答案．20．（3分）﹣______ did he become a football player？﹣He became a football player in 1990．（）A．How long B．What time C．How D．When【考点】97：疑问副词．【分析】他是何时成为一个足球运动员的？在1990年．【解答】答案：D 分析句子，结合选项，推测意思是他是何时成为一个足球运动员的？在1990年．由答语可知，应提问时间，所以用when提问，A多长时间，how long用来提问一个时间段．B几点，C怎样．【点评】解答这类试题时，务必充分理解上下文的语境和前后文的逻辑关系，找到解题的依据，同时正确区分选项的细微差别，准确作答．21．（3分）Deng Yaping went to Tsinghua University and ________ English and management．（）A．majored in B．major in C．majored for D．major for【考点】E1：动词短语；F1：一般过去时．【分析】邓亚萍去清华大学主修英语和管理．【解答】答案：A 分析句子，结合选项，推测意思是邓亚萍去清华大学主修英语和管理．这里major in意为"主修"，major在时态上应与went一致，所以也应用过去式形式．故选A．【点评】解答这类试题时，务必充分理解上下文的语境和前后文的逻辑关系，找到解题的依据，同时正确区分选项的细微差别，准确作答．III. 将下列句子译为英语．（10分）22．（3分）他太小了，不能去上学．He is too young to go to school．【考点】R3：汉译英．【分析】He is too young to go to school．【解答】答案：He is too young to go to school．分析句子，这里叙述一种客观事实，用一般现在时，主语是三单He，故谓语动词用is，同时考查短语too…to…，小的是形容词young，去上学go to school，故答案是He is too young to go to school．【点评】解答翻译这类试题时，翻译既要忠实于原文，又要符合汉语和英语的语法规则和表达习惯，准确翻译．23．（3分）她是一个杰出的网球选手．She is an outstanding tennis player．【考点】R3：汉译英．【分析】She is an outstanding tennis player．【解答】答案：She is an outstanding tennis player．杰出的outstanding，形容词作定语，元音音素开头，前面用an，网球选手tennis player，根据句意"她是一个杰出的网球选手"可知，要用一般现在时，故答案为She is an outstanding tennis player．【点评】汉译英是基础题，需要学生根据句意、时态和固定搭配等，来选择合适的单词或者短语，按照适当的语序来翻译．另外，学生多积累单词和短语，也有助于解答这类题目．24．（3分）昨天，李明在演讲比赛（speech competition）中取得了第一名．Li Ming won the first prize in the speech competition yesterday．【考点】R3：汉译英．【分析】Li Ming won the first prize in the speech competition yesterday．【解答】答案：Li Ming won the first prize in the speech competition yesterday．获得win，第一名the first prize，演讲比赛speech competition，根据时间状语结合句意"昨天，李明在演讲比赛中取得了第一名．"可知，要用一般过去时，故答案为Li Ming won the first prize in the speech competition yesterday．【点评】汉译英是基础题，需要学生根据句意、时态和固定搭配等，来选择合适的单词或者短语，按照适当的语序来翻译．另外，学生多积累单词和短语，也有助于解答这类题目．25．（3分）你什么时候开始学英语的？When did you start learning English？【考点】R3：汉译英．【分析】When did you start learning English？【解答】答案：When did you start learning English？什么时候when，开始做某事start doing sth，根据句意"你什么时候开始学英语的？"可知，要用一般过去时，特殊疑问句添加助动词did，后跟动词原形．故答案为When did you start learning English？【点评】汉译英是基础题，需要学生根据句意、时态和固定搭配等，来选择合适的单词或者短语，按照适当的语序来翻译．另外，学生多积累单词和短语，也有助于解答这类题目．26．（3分）他是一位富有创造力的人．He is a creative man．【考点】R3：汉译英．【分析】He is a creative man．【解答】答案：He is a creative man．富有创造力的creative，根据句意"他是一位富有创造力的人"可知，要用一般现在时，故答案为He is a creative man．【点评】汉译英是基础题，需要学生根据句意、时态和固定搭配等，来选择合适的单词或者短语，按照适当的语序来翻译．另外，学生多积累单词和短语，也有助于解答这类题目．IV. 句型转换．（15分）27．（3分）My father stayed there for two months．（对划线部分提问）How long did your father stay there？【考点】IF：句型转换．【分析】我父亲在那里呆了两个月．你父亲在那里呆了多久？【解答】答案：How long，stay．根据My father stayed there for two months，可知这里two months表示一段时间，提问一段时间用how long提问，时态是一般过去时，助动词后接动词原形，故填How long，stay．【点评】对划线部分提问要分析划线部分在句子中的成分，即可找出恰当的特殊疑问词，特殊疑问词之后紧跟一般疑问句．28．（3分）He went to school at the age of seven．（改为同义句）He went to school when he was seven years old．【考点】IF：句型转换．【分析】他七岁就上学去了．他去上学的时候他才七岁．【解答】答案：when，was，old．根据He went to school at the age of seven，可知这里at the age of seven表示七岁的时候，改成同义句可以用when引导的时间状语从句来改写．故填when，was，old．【点评】在理解原句的基础上，根据要求，以及一些语法知识对句子做出相应的转换．29．（3分）This bike is new．（改为复数句子）These bikes are new．【考点】IF：句型转换．【分析】这辆自行车是新的．这些自行车是新的．【解答】答案：These，are．根据This bike is new．这里改为复数的时候，应该把this改成these，is改成are．故填These，are．【点评】在理解原句的基础上，根据要求，以及一些语法知识对句子做出相应的转换．30．（3分）We played basketball yesterday afternoon．（对划线部分提问）What did you do yesterday afternoon？【考点】IF：句型转换．【分析】昨天下午我们打篮球了．你们昨天下午做什么了？【解答】答案：What did，do．根据We played basketball yesterday afternoon，可知这里提问踢足球，应该用what 提问，时态是一般过去时，需要加助动词did，故填What did，do．【点评】对划线部分提问要分析划线部分在句子中的成分，即可找出恰当的特殊疑问词，特殊疑问词之后紧跟一般疑问句．31．（3分）He is too short．He can't reach the banana．（改为一句话）He is too short to reach the banana．【考点】IF：句型转换．【分析】他太矮了，够不到香蕉．【解答】答案：too，to reach．根据He is too short．He can't reach the banana，可知他太矮了，够不到香蕉．这里合并一句话的时候用too…to改写，表示太…而不能．故填too，to reach．【点评】解答此类试题时，务必充分理解上下文的语境和逻辑关系，根据要求准确作答．V. 阅读理解．（15分）32．George Stephenson was born in 1781in a poor family．He had to start work when he was only eight．When George was fourteen，he became his father's helper．He spent a lot of time learning about engines（发动机）．And on holidays he often make one engine to pieces and studied each piece carefully．Soon he became a very good worker though he could not read or write．He began to learn English letters when he was seventeen years old．Every day after he did twelve hours of hard work，he walked a long way to have lessons from a young school teacher．On his eighteenth birthday，he wrote his own name for the first time in his life．George invented（发明）many things in his life．The train was the greatest one among them．Today when we take trains from one place to another，we'll think of this great man﹣George Stephenson．36．In which year did George Stephenson start to help his father？C．A．In 1781B．In 1789C．In 1795D．In 179837．He learned about the engine B．A．through reading and writingB．by making it to pieces and studying each piece carefullyC．at lessons from a young teacherD．by asking a lot of questions38．He spent a lot of time learning about engines and soon he became C．A．a great manB．a good makerC．a good workerD．a good student39．George Stephenson invented the A．A．the trainB．the telephoneC．the carD．the computer40．From the passage we know George Stephenson was one of the greatest D in the world．A．workersB．writersC．learnersD．inventors【考点】O1：人物故事类阅读．【分析】【文章大意】本文主要介绍了乔治•史蒂文森的生平事迹．他1781年出生于一个贫困家庭．8岁的时候就不得不工作了，他花了很多时间来研究发动机，很快就成为一名优秀的工人，后来又学习英语．他一生中发明了很多的东西，最大的发明是火车．【解答】36．C．细节理解题．根据" When George was fourteen，he became his father's helper．"乔治14岁的时候，就开始帮助他爸爸．故选C．37．B．细节理解题．根据"And on holidays he often make one engine to pieces and studied each piece carefully．"在假期的时候，他把发动机拆开，对每一个零部件进行仔细的研究．故选B．38．C．细节理解题．根据"And on holidays he often make one engine to pieces andstudied each piece carefully．Soon he became a very good worker"在假期的时候，他把发动机拆开，对每一个零部件进行仔细的研究，很快就成了一名优秀的工人．故选C．39．A．细节理解题．根据"George invented（发明）many things in his life．The train was the greatest one among them．"乔治一生发明了很多东西，最重要的是火车，故选A．40．D．细节理解题．根据"George invented（发明）many things in his life．The train was the greatest one among them．"乔治一生发明了很多东西，最重要的是火车，因此可知他是一个伟大的发明家，故选D．【点评】首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握大意，然后结合具体的题目，再读短文，从中找出相关信息，就可以确定正确答案．VI. 书面表达．（15分）33．根据下面表格所提供的信息，写一篇短文，来介绍你的朋友Mike．词数：50﹣70词之间．【考点】S3：图表作文．【分析】高分句型一He came to China with his parents two years ago．他两年前随父母来中国．这是一个一般过去时态的句子，came是过去式．高分句型二He and his parents like China and Chinese food very much．他和他的父母非常喜欢中国和中国食物．like……very much，非常喜欢……．【解答】My good friend MikeI have a good friend．His name is Mike．He was born in September，1988 in a small town near London．【要点一，朋友的名字，出生日期和地点】He is a middle school student 【要点二，职业】．He came to China with his parents two years ago【高分句型一，注意一般过去时的使用】．His parents are teaching English in China now．He and his parents like China and Chinese food very much【高分句型二，注意固定句型句的使用】．【要点三，家人情况】【点评】本篇写作需注意要求中所提供的要点，不可遗漏．需在平时积累相关的词汇，写作中注意语义通顺，符合逻辑关系．上下文之间可以适当使用连接词．如but，so，then等．第21页（共21页）。

Unit 1 When was he born?一、语法专练________________________________________________________ ______练习题一: 用when或how long填空1.--________have you been married? --For twenty year.2.--________will the fog and haze last?--I’ve no idea.There is no sign of an end.3.--________did you visit the science museum?--Three months ago.4._________you eat at a restaurant, please order just enough food.5.--_________was Deng Yaping born? --In1973.6.That musician started writing music________ he was four years old.7.--_________have you lived in Lanzhou?-- Since my parents found jobs here.8.--__________did she skate on the ice? --For five minutes.9.--Sir, could you please tell me_________ will you live here?--I will live here for two days.10.--___________does Kate spend on the Internet?--About one hour every day句型转换1.I went to school at7:00 yesterday。

Unit1 When was he born?Section A 1a-1c一、根据句意及首字母或汉语提示完成句中单词1．Sun Yang is one of the most famous s in China. 2．She is good at playing tennis . She can h the ball very fast. 3．Kobe is a great basketball player. He can play basketball w . 4．Ye Shiwen s_ really fast.5．Messi was b in Rosario(巴萨里奥), Santa Fe, Argentina.二、汉译英1. 你是什么时候出生的？2. 他足球踢得很好。

3. 那是谁？4. 罗纳尔多(Ronaldo) 是一位来自巴西的著名足球运动员。

5. 肖战出生于1991 年10 月10 日。

6. 他妹妹什么时候出生的？7. 李娜是一个很棒的网球运动员。

三、Make a surveyEg. My father was born in 1981.My father was born on December 21st,1981.请同学们仿照以上例句，描述家人或朋友的生日：四、Make new conversations (仿写听力对话)Name : Yao MingDate of birth: 1980A basketball playerName : RonaldoDate of birth: 1985A football playerUnit1 When was he born?Section A 2a-2d一、根据句意及首字母或汉语提示完成句中单词1. It’s very hot today, let’s have some i cream.2. I really a these people with a lot of knowledge. Some doctors help people with their medical knowledge.3. That young g can sing some pop songs and play the guitar well.4. I think the color blue makes people feel calm, so I want to (刷漆)the wall blue.5. Where is the tallest _(塔)in China?二、用所给动词的适当形式填空.1. He (be) not with me at that time.2. She _(be) born in 1997.3. They (go) to the park last Sunday.4. Bob was so tired that he (sleep) earlier than usual.5. My mother (give) me a present last Christmas.6. Mrs. Li (live) here many years ago.7. I (have) a good time last vacation.8. She was in a hurry, so she (not have) time to cook for you.三、根据课本内容, 完成下面的短文I admire this guy with great . He is a street artist. He pictures on the ground or on buildings. The pictures he paints look so and 3D! Although the picturesare _,they look like they’re 3D. He started these pictures when he was about20 years old. He was still a student. He sometimes for painting the buildings at school!四、用When was, How long 或When did 填空。

Unit—1 When was he born?Section A根据汉语意思以及首字母填空。

1、Ye Shiwen is a great ________（游泳运动员)。

2、Mo Yan won the 2012 Nobel Prize in _________（文学）。

3、Have you read Mo Yan’s ___________（作品)？4、Zhang Yimou is a famous ___________（导演）.5、Ronaldo played for the ____________(国家的)team when he was 17 years old、6、His grandfather’s ____________(die）made him very sad、7、We hope your children grow happily and _________(health）、8、Luckily, nobody _________（injure）in this accident yesterday、9、You are never too young __________（do）things、10、Do you know the __________（high）of the mountain、?11、He’s a street artist、He _________(绘画）pictures on the ground or on buildings、12、When he was still a college student，he sometimes ______ ______ ________（遇到麻烦）for painting the buildings at school、13、When he heard the news，Mo Yan said he never expected to win the prize，______（因为)there were so many good writers all over the world、14、When he was 12，he ______ ______ ______ _______（辍学）and started to work, first in his village and later in a factory、15、Little Moye enjoyed _________（read)、But at that time，there were only a few books _______(可利用的）in his village、He had to _______ ______ _______(想方设法）to find books to read、With no more books ______ ______（接近的；不远的），he started reading a Chinese dictionary、16、His first short story was ________(publish）in 1981、He became famous in 1987 when his ______（小说) Red Sorghum was made into a film by the famous _________(导演)17、You never too young to start ________（do) things、Section B1、He spends all his free time with his _________(孙子）。

Unit 1 When was he born Section A 习题一、英汉互译1.钦佩_______________2.主管_______________3.溜冰_______________4.辍学_______________5.开始做某事_________二、单项选择（）1. Liu Xiang was born _____ the 13th of July, 1983.A. inB. atC. onD. for（）2. —_____ has the man worked in the club?—For 10 years.A. How longB. How muchC. How manyD. How often（）3. Where __________ you born?A. didB. hadC. wasD. were（）4. When Jim was a child , they __________ to France.A. livedB. workedC. reachedD. moved（）5. I was feeling better, so I wanted to start ________.A. taking lessonB. to take lessonC. taking lessonsD. to taking lessons三、翻译句子1. When were you born?2. He started playing basketball when he was seven years old?3.你什么时候开始学英语的？4.你踢足球多久了？四、句型转换1. She was born in 1996. (对划线部分提问)________ ________ she born?2.My father stayed there for two months. (对划线部分提问)________ ________ did your father ______ there?3. We played basketball yesterday afternoon. (对划线部分提问)________ ________ you ________ yesterday afternoon?4.He went to school at the age of seven. (改为同义句)He went to school ________ he ________ seven years ________.5. He is too short. He can't reach the banana. (改为一句话)He is ________ short ________ ________ the banana.参考答案：一、1. admire2. director3. skating4. drop out of school5. start doing something 二、1. C 3. A 3. D 4. D 5. C三、1.你是什么时候出生的？2.他七岁的时候开始打篮球。

When was he born一、翻译(单词短语翻译)（共7小题；共7分）1. ice-skate(v.)2.baseball(n.)3. 图表(n.)4. 打棒球5. 停止做某事6. speakEnglish7. start ice-skating二、翻译(根据中文提示完成句子)（共3小题；共3分）8. Tony Yu停止打棒球时多大年龄？was TonyYu he ?9. Helen Barth打乒乓球多久了?did Helen Barth play ping-pong?10. 你什么时候开始说英语的?did you English?三、选词填空(句子选词填空)（共7小题；共7分）11. Although the girl is young, she is good at .12. Sarah is in playing the piano.13. Jack is my best friend because he is a good .14. They are looking forward to the first prize in the comingcompetition.15. Many students are with too much homework. They need moretime for their hobbies.16. The Summer Palace mainly a hill and a lake.17. Midori is a famous .四、首字母填空(短文首字母)（共10小题；共10分）TFBoys is a singing group. The group has been p all overAsia since 2013. TFBoys stands for the Fighting Boys. The three boys werec to be singers because of their clear voices and hard work. Infact, it's the first young hero group, i Jackson, Roy and Karry.They practiced so hard that they sang w . They have had many f called Four Leaf Clover. Four Leaf Clover is a kind of grass which represents good luck. The fans are named Four Leaf Clover because the boys hope each young person will be as l as them, especially students. They have s not only in singing but also in schoolwork. So they are f of positive energy(正能量). This year Karry also a the Youth Meeting on May Day. Although they are very young, they have set an e to the young students and have influenced so many young people.五、单项选择（共5小题；共5分）28. --- When did you start ?--- I started the age of ten.A. sing; inB. sings; onC. sang; forD. singing; at29. China has been successfully the WTO.A. to enterB. in enterC. in entering30. The bad news made everyone in the family .A. worriedlyB. felt worriedC. feel worryD. worried31. --- Look! What a beautiful hill!--- Yes, and it's also famous its old trees.A. aboutB. withC. byD. for32. Wednesday morning, we often do some reading.A. InB. OnC. AtD. For六、按要求转换句型（共4小题；共8分）33. Alison bought a new bike last Sunday. (对画线部分提问)Alison a new bike?34. The old man has lived in Jinan for more than 50 years. (就画线部分提问)has the old man lived in Jinan?35. The 20th FIFA World Cup was held in Brazil on June 13, Beijing time. (对画线部分提问)the 20th FIFA World Cup held in Brazil?36. Millions of people speak English as their second language. (改为被动语态) English by millions of people as their second language.七、单项选择（共23小题；共23分）37. --- Do you know ?--- For a month.A. how long will she be awayB. how long she will be awayC. how often will she go thereD. how often she will go there38. --- have you stayed in Beijing?--- For more than five months.A. How oftenB. How longC. How far39. --- I feel very lonely. My friend, Arthur, has gone to Paris for holiday.--- Really? When he there?A. will; goB. is; goingC. has; goneD. did; go40. --- have you lived in Binzhou?--- For about ten years.A. How soonB. How oftenC. How longD. How much41. --- When did you get your first pair of skates?--- .A. For 6 yearsB. Since I was 7 years oldC. At the age of sevenD. Since 6 years ago42. --- When your parents ?--- In 1972.A. did; bornB. was; bornC. were; born43. She hurt herself badly she had to see adoctor.A. too; thatB. so; thatC. too; to44. --- did the headache start?--- About two hours ago.A. WhereB. WhoC. WhenD. How45. I expect history, while my brotherenjoys sports.A. reading; readingB. to read; readingC. to read; to readD. reading; to read46. He is very surprised that all the houses in thevillage white.A. paintB. paintedC. are paintingD. are painted47. We will have a party the evening of New Year's Day.A. inB. onC. atD. of48. Mark worked out all the questions in the test paper thelast one. lt was too difficult for him.A. byB. exceptC. withoutD. besides49. --- Why didn't you go to the party last night?--- Because I .A. wasn't invitedB. didn't inviteC. haven't invitedD. don't invite50. I enjoyed your What's Cool? article.A. writingB. watchingC. lookingD. reading51. --- have you been writing in English?--- For five years.A. How many timesB. How longC. How oftenD. How much52. Everybody except Mike and Linda there when the meetingbegan.A. isB. areC. wasD. were53. --- I'm waiting for the mail. Do you know it will arrive?--- Usually it comes by 4:00.A. howB. whereC. whenD. what54. Everyone in our class to take part in the English SpeechContest.A. is encouragedB. encouragesC. are encouragingD. are encouraged55. You have worked for several hours. You'd better a rest.A. to stop to haveB. stop to haveC. to stop havingD. stop having56. You didn't know I wanted to see you. lt's a year since Ilast saw you.A. how oftenB. how longC. how muchD. how far57. --- are you always staying up so late these days?--- To prepare for my final exam.A. HowB. WhyC. WhenD. Where58. --- I feel tired and sleepy.--- Why not stop for a while?A. restB. to restC. restingD. rested59. --- Do you think Brazil will beat Japan in the next match?--- Yes, they have better players, so I them to win.A. hopeB. exceptC. expectD. prefer八、阅读与表达(混合式)（共5小题；共10分）Pakistani girl Malala Yousafzai is the youngest ever to win the Nobel Peace Prize. She has become the voice of girls throughout the world.Born in Swat Valley in Pakistan in 1997, Malala lived a quiet life until 2009, when the Taliban(塔利班), an Islamic organization of violence(暴力) took control of her village. ①They believe educating girls is against Islam. But Malala didn't agree. She wouldn't give up her education and kept going to school. ② "What is wrong with us girl students? We want all girls to get their schools back," she wrote. Her hard work encouraged many young girls in Swat Valley.③ On Oct. 9, 2012, when Malala was taking a bus home, a Taliban man got on the bus with a gun in hand. A bullet immediately hit her in the face. Luckily, the shot didn't kill her. She was taken to a hospital in the UK.The shot didn't kill her courage, either. ④ Her courage made her famous. She has spoken at the United Nations, met world leaders and written a book , I Am Malala.On Oct. 10, 2013, the EU awarded Malala their top human rights prize. They said, "She is an icon(符号) of courage for all teenagers who dare to follow their aspirations(愿望)."任务一：把A—D四个句子填入文中空缺处，是短文内容完整。

【24份】初中英语鲁教版八年级下册Unit 1-8同步测试题及答案目录Unit 1 When was he born? - Section A (1)Unit 1 When was he born? - Section B (7)Unit 1 When was he born? - Self Check (11)Unit 2 It's a nice day, isn't it? - Section A (17)Unit 2 It's a nice day, isn't it? - Section B (21)Unit 2 It's a nice day,isn't it? - Self Check (25)Unit 3 Where would you like to visit? - Section A (31)Unit 3 Where would you like to visit? - Section B (36)Unit 3 Where would you like to visit? - Self Check (41)Unit 4 How can we become good learners? - Section A (47)Unit 4 How can we become good learners? - Section B (53)Unit 4 How can we become good learners? - Self Check (58)Unit 5 I think that mooncakes are delicious! - Section A (64)Unit 5 I think that mooncakes are delicious! - Section B (69)Unit 5 I think that mooncakes are delicious! - Self Check (73)Unit 6 Could you please tell me where the restrooms are? - Section A (78)Unit 6 Could you please tell me where the restrooms are? - Section B (83)Unit 6 Could you please tell me where the restrooms are? - Self Check (88)Unit 7 I used to be afraid of the dark. - Section A (94)Unit 7 I used to be afraid of the dark. - Section B (101)Unit 7 I used to be afraid of the dark. - Self Check (106)Unit 8 What are the shirts made of? - Section A (114)Unit 8 What are the shirts made of? - Section B (122)Unit 8 What are the shirts made of? - Self Check (127)Unit 1 When was he born? - Section A一、翻译(单词短语翻译)（共25小题；共25分）1. 游泳者；游泳运动员(n.)2. 出生(v.)3. ice(n.)4. tower(n.)5. 欣赏；仰慕(v.)6. 家伙；男人；小伙子(n.)7. 用颜料画；刷漆(v.) 8. as(conj.)9. means(n.) 10. novel(n.)11. 出版；发行(v.) 12. works(n.)13. 导演；部门负责人(n.) 14. 除……之外(prep.)15. 表演；演出16. Brazilian17. national(adj.) 18. 出生；出世19. 遇到麻烦20. 辍学21. try every means to do sth. 22. at hand23. all over the world 24. 对…感兴趣25. 太……而不能……二、翻译(根据中文提示完成句子)（共5小题；共5分）26. --- 你出生在什么时候？--- 我出生于1997年。

Unit1 When was he born？SectionA一、短语翻译1、足球踢的好_______________2、击球_______________3、篮球运动员__________________4、游泳很快________________5、出生于…______________6、站在冰盒子里_______________7、站在高塔上_______________8、 a show about people with great talents___________________ 9、a street artist _______________10、在地上_____________11、在建筑物上_______________12、一个大学生_______________13、遇到麻烦_______________ 14、五年前_______________ 15、瞧起来像_______________ 16、确信_______________17、获得诺贝尔文学奖______________ 18、全世界______________ 19、笔名______________ 20、辍学______________ 21、在那时______________ 22、想方设法做某事______________23、接近的______________ 24、参军______________ 25、出名______________ 23、对……感兴趣二、知识探究1、be born in/on/at 出生于……用in/on/at填空①My mother often gets up _____ 5:30 am、②Ch ildren’s Day comes _____ June 1st、③There are 28 or 29 days _____ February、2、【探究总结】stop doing sth、与stop to do sth、的用法比较（1）stop _____ sth、意为“停止做某事”，即停止正在做的事情;(2)stop _____ sth、意为“停下来去做某事”,即停下正在做的事去做另外一件事.【学以致用】①When the teacher came into the classroom，the students stopped _____ （talk）、②I met a friend of mine and I stopped _____ （talk)with him、课堂检测一、单项选择1、-When _____ Mary born? —In 1999、A、is B、was C、were D、are2、It’s a game show about people _______ great talents、A 、with B、have C、has D、at3、— _____ did you study last night？-About 2 hours、A、How longB、How soonC、How farD、How much4、Stop _____、Mr、Zhang is making a telephone call、A、talk B、talks C、talkingD、to talk5、Tina was late for class _____ Monday morning、A、on B、in C、at D、of二、句型转换1、That’s Yang Mi、（对画线部分提问) _____ _____ that?2、Michael Jordan was born in 1963 in the USA、(对画线部分提问)_____ and _____ was Michael Jordan _____?3、China joined the WTO in 2001、(对画线部分提问)_____ _____ China _____ the WTO?4、The doctor slept half an hour last night、（对画线部分提问）_____ _____ did the doctor sleep last night?5、Zhang Jike plays ping—pong very well、(改为同义句）Zhang Jike is a _____ ping-pong _____、三、完成句子1.那就是谁？-——那就是李娜。

Unit 1 When was he born? Section B 习题一、英汉互译1. talented______________2. loving_______________3. creative_____________4. outgoing_____________________二、单项选择〔〕1. --__________ didn’t she come to school last night?--Because she was ill.A. WhenB. WhyC. WhereD. How〔〕2. When did he _________ a movie star?A. becameB. becomeC. isD. was〔〕3. My best friend is a boy _______ Mike.A. callB. calledC. to call D to called〔〕4. He spends all his free time ___ his son.A. onB. inC. withD. by〔〕5. He spends much time ____ football at weekends.A. playingB. play withC. to playD. playing with〔〕6. We have worked for three hours. Now let us stop ________ a rest.A. hadB. haveC. to haveD. having三、翻译句子1. He spends all his free time with his grandson.2. She started ice skating when she was four.3. I saw her play when I was eight.4. 因为我的背疼，我不打篮球了。

When was he born一、单项选择（共15小题；共15分）1. May 12th 2015, a powerful earthquakehappened Nepal(尼泊尔). And it killed many people.A. On; inB. In; toC. At; inD. In; on2. It's known that Chongqing is one of in China.A. a hottest cityB. the hottest citiesC. the hottest cityD. the hottest cities3. The Great Wall many centuries ago. It's one of thesymbols of China.A. buildsB. builtC. is builtD. was built4. --- Have you found the poor dog yet?--- Yes. But it was when we found it. lt needed to see a vet.A. deadB. diedC. dyingD. die5. --- Hey, man. You can't cross the street now. You have towait the traffic lights turn green.--- Oh, sorry.A. whenB. afterC. untilD. while6. You the first prize in the English Speech Contest.Congratulations!A. winB. wonC. have wonD. will win7. They saw the math teacher the classroom just now.A. enterB. to enterC. to leaveD. arrive8. The girl was nervous talk with aforeigner.A. so; thatB. so; toC. too; toD. too; that9. Everyone passed the exam him. So he was sad.A. exceptB. besideC. besidesD. except that10. --- Who the tennis game yesterday?--- Jack. He all the others.A. beat; wonB. won; wonC. beat; beatD. won; beat11. My old neighbor Charles enjoys photos. He always goes outwith his camera.A. takeB. to takeC. takingD. took12. The man told us his past days before he .His made us very sad.A. dying; died; deathB. dead; dying; dieC. dead; died; dyingD. dead; dying; death13. The mobile phone has influenced people's life a lot sinceit .A. inventsB. inventedC. is inventedD. was invented14. --- Mum, I have won the photo competition.---A. Good luck!B. Not at all.C. Good idea!D. Congratulations!15. I think he will come back next month.A. sometimesB. some timeC. sometimeD. some times二、完形填空（共15小题；共22分）I still remember my kindergarten(幼儿园) teacher, Mrs. White. She lookedjust like Snow White, 16 she had the same bright eyes and short dark hair.We used to 17 a lot. And I would show what I wrote to Mrs. Whitefor correction(批改). She would look at my writing and see many mistakes in it.But she 18 made any red correction and she always gave a star. I was feeling 19 of my writing each time I got a star. But it 20 my mother. So one day, when she met Mrs. White at a parent-teacher meeting. Mum askedher why she never corrected my 21 and why she never said no to her child.Mrs. White said, "The children are just beginning to get 22 about using words. Spelling and grammar can wait. We can't 23 that interest with a red pen." As it was a long time ago, my mother could only remember the main idea of 24 Mrs. White said about my writing. However, I grew up learningto use words with loving care and 25 like that.If Mrs. White had used her red pen more often, I 26 wouldn't be telling you about this now. Whenever I look back on those encouraging 27 from Mrs. White, I feel they just look 28 real ones in the nightsky-bright, shiny, and guiding me on my way somewhere. I do believe she was such a 29 teacher, who tried to use a red pen less to keep the joy, wonder and excitement in a child's 30 .Thanks to Mrs. White, I have no fear about writing. Also, I'm not afraidof any mistake in my life!16. A. because B. though C. if D. but17. A. run B. cry C. write D. speak18. A. always B. never C. often D. sometimes19. A. lonely B. tired C. helpless D. proud20. A. protected B. worried C. pleased D. attracted21. A. spirits B. designs C. mistakes D. messages22. A. nervous B. excited C. afraid D. bored23. A. stop B. keep C. save D. show24. A. that B. when C. which D. what25. A. sadness B. fear C. confidence D. pains26. A. probably B. gently C. hardly D. luckily27. A. dreams B. stars C. gifts D. pens28. A. at B. through C. for D. like29. A. careless B. strict C. wonderful D. common30. A. mind B. hand C. arms D. eyes三、阅读理解（共10小题；共20分）AHow much do you know about Albert Einstein?Albert Einstein, born on March 14, 1879 in Germany, was a great scientist in the world. He was strange because he hated haircuts and new clothes. He believed in peace. All his life, he hated war. However, his most famous idea, E=mc², helped create the world's most dangerous weapon(武器). Many people think he was the smartest person in the world. But Einstein said that he thought like a child with many questions and unusual ideas.What did he like?Einstein liked learning sailing(帆船运动). He sailed in small boats all his life. He once joked, "Sailing is the sport that takes the least energy!"When Einstein was a child, his mother made him take violin lessons. At first, he didn't like the violin. But then he learned to love music and became a good violinist. Later, he said, "Love is the best teacher."Why is the sky blue?In 1910, Einstein asked a question which many children often ask, "Why is the sky blue?" After his careful research, he answered the question like this,"It's because light is made up of many colors including blue. When light travels to Earth, gas particles (气体微粒) spread the blue light all over the sky." His answer is true in physics.31. According to the passage, Albert Einstein haircuts and new clothes.A. forgotB. mindedC. disliked32. The underlined part actually shows Albert Einstein was a/an person.A. cleverB. imaginativeC. childlike33. Einstein learning sailing and playing the violin.A. was interested inB. looked forward toC. was known for34. From paragraph 3 we know that .A. mother teaches the bestB. without mother's push, we can't love anythingC. when we love something, we'd like to learn about it35. Einstein offered a explanation for the question why the sky is blue.A. magicB. scientificC. carefulBMy favourite sport is baseball. lt is fun to play, and it is fun to watch.I went to my first baseball game with my grandparents when I was 6. It was really wonderful. We had a good time. I was happy to be with my grandparents. My grandfather made me love the game.My dad knew I loved baseball, so he gave me a baseball on my eighth birthday.When I was 12, my friend came to me and asked me to join his team and play baseball. I agreed. From then on, I got to learn more about baseball. I practised a lot and learned how to play better.My favourite baseball player is Derrek Lee. Derrek Lee joined the Chicago Cubs in 2004. That year was a good year for him, but 2005 was his best year. One of my favourite things about Derrek Lee is that he is a very nice person. He never shouts at others. He always has a big smile on his face. He seems happy all the lime.36. The writer went to his first baseball game with .A. his grandparentsB. his fatherC. his friendD. his mother37. When he was years old, the writer began to play baseball.A. 6B. 8C. 12D. 1438. The writer after he joined his friend's team.A. played baseball very oftenB. didn't learn more about baseballC. didn't improve his playing killsD. often played baseball with Derrek Lee39. Which of the following is NOT true about Derrek Lee?A. He is very nice.B. He is not friendly.C. He always smiles.D. He always looks happy.40. What is the best title(题目) of the passage?A. Who Made Me Love Baseball?B. What Birthday Present Did I get?C. 2005—The Best Year for Derrek LeeD. Baseball—My Favourite Sport四、单词拼写(根据中文提示拼写单词)（共2小题；共2分）41. She has been a member of the (国家的) basketball team for 5 years.42. It is reported that China is building a light (塔) in Huayang Reefs(礁) now.五、单词拼写(单句首字母填空)（共3小题；共3分）43. Ma Yun is so successful that many young people a him.44. It's k of you to give us so much help.45. The writer's novel was p last month.六、阅读与表达(问答式(含翻译))（共5小题；共10分）Jeff Gaye, the young American swimmer, is becoming more and more famous. He has his own teacher, driver and even his own cook. Each time people hear him speak on television, they can't believe he's only 13. Jeff's father is an engineer but he is also his son's manager. He says, "I don't make Jeff do anything he doesn't want to do. He chooses which competition to swim in.But he works hard and wins nearly every race. I cut out all the newspaper articles about him and put them in a big box!"Jeff is very busy every day because people want to write about him or photograph(给……拍照) him for magazines. "When I'm at school," Jeff says, "I just want to be like my classmates. That's really important to me." But Jeff doesn't have a normal schoolboy's life. He often has to travel for international races and has little free time. "I go to the pool every day and swim there for at least six hours. When I'm in the pool, I love every minute."根据短文内容，完成下列小题。