ADVANCED CONCEPTS FOR FUTURE MULTIUSER WIRELESS NETWORKS

a-level进阶纯数学英文版教材a-level further pure mathematicsTitle: ALevel Further Pure Mathematics TextbookAs an esteemed university professor specializing in English language and adept at composing various types of essays, I have taken on the task of crafting a comprehensive essay based on the given title: "ALevel Further Pure Mathematics Textbook."Introduction:The realm of mathematical understanding knows no bounds, and the pursuit of knowledge in the purest form is a quest that requires dedication, precision, and a keen analytical mind. This essay delves into the development and significance of the ALevel Further Pure Mathematics textbook, exploring its contents, structure, and the value it offers to students and educators alike.Content:The ALevel Further Pure Mathematics textbook is a seminal resource designed to amplify the understanding and application of advanced mathematical concepts for students at the ALevel stage. It navigates through a plethora of topics, including complex numbers, matrices, proof by induction, and further calculus, among others. Each chapter delves into the intricacies of mathematical theory, providing detailed explanations, examples, and exercises to bolster comprehension and problemsolving skills.One of the key strengths of this textbook lies in its comprehensive coverage of topics that are essential for students aspiring to delve deeper into the realms of theoretical mathematics. From algebraic structures to rigorous proofs, the textbook serves as a gateway to unlocking the mysteries of pure mathematics, equipping learners with the tools needed to tackle challenging problems with confidence and precision.Furthermore, the ALevel Further Pure Mathematics textbook adopts a holistic approach to learning, fostering critical thinking, logical reasoning, and creativity in its readers. By encouraging students to engage in problemsolving methodologies and explore diverse mathematical techniques, the textbook nurtures a deeprooted appreciation for the elegance and beauty of pure mathematics.Conclusion:In conclusion, the ALevel Further Pure Mathematics textbook stands as a beacon of excellence in the realm of advanced mathematical education. Its comprehensive coverage, pedagogical approach, and emphasis on deepening mathematical understanding make it an indispensable companion for students embarking on the journey of furthering their knowledge in pure mathematics. As educators, it is our responsibility to instill in our students a love formathematical inquiry and equip them with the necessary tools to excel in the realm of higher mathematics. The ALevel Further Pure Mathematics textbook serves as a guiding light in this endeavor, paving the way for future mathematicians to explore, discover, and innovate in the endlessly fascinating world of pure mathematics.。

你对未来汽车有什么想法英语作文What Will Cars Be Like in the Future?Cars are so cool! I love watching them zoom down the street. My favorite cars are the really fast sports cars that look like spaceships. I can't wait until I'm old enough to drive one myself. But what will cars actually be like in the future when I'm an adult? I've been thinking about this a lot, and I have some ideas!First of all, I think cars in the future will drive themselves without any humans controlling them. We already haveself-driving cars today that can steer, brake, and accelerate all on their own using sensors and computers. Future self-driving cars will be even smarter and safer. Maybe they will communicate with each other and with traffic lights to avoid crashes and traffic jams. That would be awesome because then no one would have to sit in traffic anymore!The outside of future cars will probably look really futuristic and aerodynamic, kind of like Batman's vehicles. They might even be able to fly for short distances using propellers or jet engines! How cool would it be to have a flying car that can drive on roads but also take off when there's a lot of traffic? The bodies could be made of super light but strong materials likecarbon fiber so the cars don't need as much fuel or battery power.Speaking of power, I'm pretty sure future cars won't run on gasoline anymore since that creates pollution and we're running out of oil. They will most likely be electric, powered by big battery packs that you can recharge by plugging them in. Or maybe they will run on hydrogen fuel cells that just need a tank of hydrogen gas and make electricity through a chemical reaction. Fuel cell cars would be great because their only exhaust is water vapor!The interiors of future cars will be wild. There might not even be a steering wheel or pedals since the car drives itself. Instead of rows of front-facing seats, the seats could move around or even transform into a couch or bed so you can relax, work, or even nap during your trip. Big panoramic windows and video screens could give you amazing views or let you watch movies. Probably there will be computers and voice controls so you can surf the internet, listen to music, play games, or get work donehands-free.I also imagine future cars will be able to go into aself-parking mode when you get near your destination. They will use sensors to find an open parking space, even a really tiny one,and automatically back in or parallel park perfectly. No more driving around for ages trying to park! When it's time to leave, you could just call for your car using an app and it would drive itself over to pick you up. Easy peasy.Of course, safety will be the top priority for car makers in the future. The self-driving systems will have multiple backup layers to protect against failures. Crashworthiness will be improved way beyond current cars thanks to new materials and designs. There might even be cloud-based networks where all self-driving cars can share data to prevent accidents before they happen.I can't wait to see what cool new car technologies get invented by companies like Tesla, Toyota, Ford and others in the next 10 or 20 years. Sometimes I like to design my own concepts for future cars and draw them in my notebook. A few of my ideas are a car that can split into two separate sections so you don't need as much space to park, or a car with armor and big tires that can handle any terrain.No matter what future cars turn out to be like, I'm sure they will be even more advanced and awesome than today's cars. Maybe they will have capabilities we can't even imagine yet! The possibilities are endless when you combine powerful computers with creative engineering. I just hope I can afford to buy one ofthese high-tech future cars when I'm an adult. If not, I'll have to settle for my third choice after a flying car or amphibiousoff-road car: a car that runs on nothing but my imagination and childlike sense of wonder!。

写未来出现高科技产品的英语作文The Future is Now: Embracing the Era of High-Tech MarvelsAs we stand on the precipice of a technological revolution, the future has never looked brighter. The rapid advancements in science and engineering have paved the way for the emergence of high-tech products that will forever change the way we live, work, and interact with the world around us. From autonomous vehicles to cutting-edge medical devices, the future is brimming with innovative solutions that promise to make our lives easier, more efficient, and more connected than ever before.One of the most exciting developments in the realm of high-tech products is the rise of autonomous vehicles. Imagine a world where cars can navigate the roads without the need for human intervention. This revolutionary technology has the potential to transform the way we commute, reducing the risk of accidents, easing traffic congestion, and freeing up valuable time for other pursuits. With self-driving cars, the daily commute could become a productive or relaxing experience, as passengers can use the travel time to work, read, orsimply enjoy the ride.Beyond transportation, high-tech products are also poised to revolutionize the healthcare industry. Advancements in medical technology have given rise to innovative devices that can monitor our health, detect diseases at earlier stages, and provide personalized treatment options. Imagine a future where a simple wearable device can continuously track our vital signs, alerting us and our healthcare providers of any anomalies before they become serious health concerns. This level of proactive healthcare could lead to earlier interventions, improved patient outcomes, and a more efficient healthcare system.Another area where high-tech products are making a significant impact is in the realm of renewable energy. As the world grapples with the pressing issue of climate change, the development of advanced solar panels, wind turbines, and energy storage solutions has become increasingly crucial. These high-tech products are not only more efficient and cost-effective than their traditional counterparts, but they also hold the promise of a more sustainable future, where our reliance on fossil fuels is greatly reduced, and clean, renewable energy becomes the norm.The rise of the Internet of Things (IoT) is another exciting development in the world of high-tech products. Imagine a futurewhere our homes, workplaces, and even cities are seamlessly connected, allowing for unprecedented levels of automation, efficiency, and convenience. Smart home devices can adjust the temperature, lighting, and security based on our preferences and habits, while smart city infrastructure can optimize traffic flow, waste management, and energy consumption. The IoT promises to create a more efficient, sustainable, and connected world, where technology works in harmony with our daily lives.In the realm of entertainment and communication, high-tech products are also making significant strides. Imagine a future where holographic displays and virtual reality experiences transport us to entirely new worlds, blurring the lines between reality and fantasy. Advancements in 5G and future-generation networks will enable lightning-fast data speeds and low-latency communications, revolutionizing the way we stream content, play games, and collaborate with others across the globe.As we look to the future, the potential of high-tech products is truly limitless. From advancements in artificial intelligence and robotics to breakthroughs in biotechnology and nanotechnology, the innovations on the horizon promise to transform every aspect of our lives. These high-tech marvels will not only make our lives more convenient and efficient but also address some of the most pressing challenges facing humanity, such as climate change, disease, andresource scarcity.However, with the rapid pace of technological change, it is crucial that we approach the future with a balanced and responsible mindset. While the benefits of high-tech products are undeniable, we must also consider the potential social, ethical, and environmental implications of these advancements. Ensuring that these technologies are developed and deployed in a way that prioritizes human wellbeing, privacy, and sustainability will be a key challenge for policymakers, innovators, and the public alike.As we stand on the cusp of this technological revolution, the future has never looked more exciting. The emergence of high-tech products will not only transform our daily lives but also pave the way for a more prosperous, sustainable, and connected world. By embracing these innovations and addressing the challenges they present, we can shape a future that is truly worthy of the human spirit – one that is filled with wonder, progress, and a deep respect for the incredible potential of the human mind.。

关于飞机种类的单词100个英文全文共6篇示例，供读者参考篇1Types of AirplanesHi friends! Today we're going to learn about all the different kinds of airplanes that exist. Airplanes are super cool flying machines that can take us anywhere in the world. There are so many types that it might get a little confusing, but don't worry - I'll do my best to explain them all simply. Get ready for an awesome airplane adventure!First up, let's talk about airliners. These are the huge planes that carry hundreds of people across countries and oceans. Famous airliners include the Boeing 747 which is one of the biggest篇2The Fascinating World of AirplanesHave you ever looked up at the sky and watched a plane soaring high above? Airplanes are amazing machines that allow us to travel vast distances quickly and comfortably. But did youknow that there are many different types of airplanes? Each one is designed for a specific purpose, and they come in all shapes and sizes. Let's explore the fascinating world of airplanes together!Commercial AirlinersThese are the big planes you typically see at airports when you go on a family vacation. They can carry hundreds of passengers and their luggage across countries and even oceans. Some popular commercial airliners are the Boeing 737, the Airbus A320, and the Boeing 787 Dreamliner. These planes are built for comfort and efficiency, with spacious cabins, entertainment systems, and excellent fuel economy.Fighter JetsFighter jets are the speed demons of the sky. They are designed for military use and can reach incredible speeds, often faster than the speed of sound! Some well-known fighter jets are the F-16 Fighting Falcon, the F-22 Raptor, and the F-35 Lightning II. These planes are built for speed, agility, and combat operations, with powerful engines and advanced weapons systems.Cargo PlanesHave you ever wondered how all those packages and parcels get delivered around the world? Cargo planes are the unsung heroes that make it happen. These massive aircraft can carry tons of cargo, from electronics to vehicles and even heavy machinery. Some of the largest cargo planes are the Antonov An-225 Mriya, the Boeing 747 Freighter, and the Airbus A300-600ST Beluga.Private JetsWhile commercial airliners are for the masses, private jets cater to those who want a more exclusive and luxurious flying experience. These sleek and stylish planes can carry only a handful of passengers but offer the ultimate in comfort and privacy. Some popular private jets are the Gulfstream G650ER, the Bombardier Global 7500, and the Embraer Praetor 600.HelicoptersNot all aircraft have wings! Helicopters are unique in that they use rotating blades to generate lift and thrust, allowing them to take off and land vertically. They are incredibly versatile and can perform tasks that fixed-wing aircraft cannot, such as hovering, flying low and slow, and navigating tight spaces. Some well-known helicopters are the Bell 206 JetRanger, the Sikorsky UH-60 Black Hawk, and the Eurocopter EC135.DronesWhile drones are often associated with military applications, they have become increasingly popular for civilian use as well. These unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) can be controlled remotely or programmed to fly autonomously. They come in various sizes, from tiny quadcopters to large fixed-wing drones, and are used for tasks like photography, surveillance, and package delivery. Some popular drone models are the DJI Mavic Pro, the Parrot Anafi, and the Autel Robotics EVO II.Experimental and Futuristic DesignsThe aviation industry is constantly pushing the boundaries of what's possible, and there are many experimental and futuristic aircraft designs in the works. Some examples include the Lockheed Martin X-59 QueSST, a quiet supersonic jet, and the NASA X-57 Maxwell, an all-electric airplane designed for efficiency and sustainability. There are also concepts for flying cars, hypersonic planes, and even aircraft that can take off and land vertically like a helicopter but fly like a conventional plane.As you can see, the world of airplanes is vast and fascinating. From the massive commercial airliners that transport millions of people every day to the sleek and speedy fighter jets and the versatile helicopters, each type of aircraft serves a uniquepurpose. Who knows what the future holds for aviation? Perhaps one day, we'll all be zooming around in our own personal flying cars or taking supersonic flights to distant destinations. The sky is truly the limit!篇3Types of AirplanesAirplanes are really cool machines that can fly through the sky! There are many different kinds of airplanes used for different purposes. Some airplanes are huge and can carry hundreds of people. Other airplanes are tiny and meant for just one or two people to fly. Let me tell you about some of the most common types of airplanes!Passenger AirlinersThe airplanes that most people are familiar with are passenger airliners. These are the big planes that you take when going on a trip or vacation. Passenger airliners can range from small regional jets that seat around 50 people to giantwide-body jets that can hold over 500 passengers! Some of the most popular airliners are the Boeing 737, Boeing 777, AirbusA320, and Airbus A380 super-jumbo jet.Fighter JetsFighter jets are super fast military planes used by air forces around the world. They are built for speed and maneuverability to allow them to dogfight with enemy aircraft. Famous fighter jets include the F-16 Fighting Falcon, F-22 Raptor, F-35 Lightning II, and the Russian Su-27 Flanker. Fighter jets can fly at twice the speed of sound!Cargo AirplanesTo transport large amounts of cargo and freight, airlines and companies use dedicated cargo airplanes. These have a big front door that opens up to allow loading and unloading of containers, vehicles, and pallets of boxes. The Boeing 747 FreighterFedEx and UPS use lots of these! Some cargo planes actually had the passenger cabin removed so they can fit more stuff inside.Private JetsFor rich people and celebrities who want to fly in luxury, private jets are the way to go. These small jets typically seat less than 20 people and have amenities like leather seats, entertainment systems, and even bedrooms! Popular private jet models are the Gulfstream G650, Bombardier Global 7500, and Embraer Legacy 500.Propeller AirplanesNot all planes have jets! Many smaller aircraft use propellers to generate thrust, just like the Wright Brothers' first airplane. Propeller planes range from tiny single-engine planes used for training, to bigger turboprop airliners like the Dash 8 that can carry 70 passengers. Propeller planes are good for short flights as they are more fuel efficient than jets.Military TransportsThe military needs ways to transport troops, vehicles, supplies and equipment around the world. That's where military transport aircraft come in! These are super heavy airplanes built tough to land on rough airfields. Famous military transports are the C-17 Globemaster III, the C-5 Galaxy, and the Russian Antonov An-124 which can haul over 100 tons!Experimental AircraftSome airplanes are built just for testing out new designs and technologies. NASA and aircraft companies build experimental planes with crazy shapes, like the X-planes tested by the US Air Force and companies like Boeing and Lockheed Martin. These aircraft help come up with innovations for future passenger and military planes.As you can see, there are all sorts of airplanes made for different missions and purposes. From small trainers to gigantic cargo haulers, each type of aircraft is specially designed for its role. Isn't it amazing the different ways that engineers can design machines to conquer the skies? Aviation is a wonderful field full of awesome flying vehicles!篇4The Wonderful World of AirplanesHave you ever looked up at the sky and seen an airplane flying high above? Airplanes are incredible machines that allow us to travel huge distances across the world in a matter of hours. But did you know that there are many different types of airplanes designed for various purposes? Let me introduce you to some of the most fascinating airplanes out there!Commercial AirlinersThese are the big planes you've probably seen at airports. They're designed to carry lots of passengers and cargo over long distances. Some examples are the Boeing 747, the Airbus A380, and the Boeing 777. The 747 is one of the most recognizable planes with its iconic hump on the top. The A380 is even bigger and is the largest passenger airplane in the world! It has two fulldecks and can carry over 800 passengers. Commercial airliners are like big buses in the sky.Fighter JetsThese sleek and powerful airplanes are made for speed and agility. Fighter jets like the F-22 Raptor and the F-35 Lightning II are used by military forces for air combat and bombing missions. They're incredibly fast, with some able to fly over twice the speed of sound! Fighter jets have advanced weapons systems and can perform incredible maneuvers that civilian planes can't.Cargo PlanesAs the name suggests, these huge planes are used to transport large amounts of cargo like food, vehicles, and other goods. Some well-known cargo planes are the Boeing 747 Freighter, the Antonov An-124, and the C-5 Galaxy. The An-124 is one of the largest cargo planes and can carry over 100 tons of cargo! Cargo planes have a big front door that opens up so that containers and vehicles can be loaded and unloaded easily.Private JetsWhile not as big as commercial airliners, private jets are luxurious and designed for the comfort of a small number of passengers. Some examples are the Gulfstream G650, theBombardier Global 7500, and the Cessna Citation X+. These planes often have plush leather seats, entertainment systems, and even bedrooms and bathrooms. Many wealthy individuals and corporations own private jets for business and leisure travel.HelicoptersUnlike airplanes, helicopters can take off and land vertically without needing a runway. They have large rotors on top that spin and provide the lift needed to fly. Some popular helicopters are the Bell 206 JetRanger, the Sikorsky UH-60 Black Hawk, and the AgustaWestland AW139. Helicopters are very versatile and are used for things like transporting people and equipment, firefighting, search and rescue, and even in military operations.That's just a small taste of the incredible variety of airplanes out there! From massive cargo haulers to lightning-fast fighter jets, these amazing machines allow us to conquer the skies in ways that would have seemed impossible just a century ago. Who knows what new and exciting airplanes the future will bring? The sky's the limit!篇5Airplanes: The Amazing Flying MachinesDo you ever look up at the sky and see an airplane soaring high above? Airplanes are incredible machines that can fly through the air and take us to amazing places all over the world. There are so many different types of airplanes, each one designed for a special purpose. Let me tell you all about them!Commercial AirlinersThese are the big planes that carry lots of passengers from one city to another. Some of the most common ones are the Boeing 737 and the Airbus A320. They have two engines and can seat over 150 people. When you go on a family vacation and fly somewhere, you'll probably be on one of these airliners.Regional JetsRegional jets are smaller airplanes that fly shorter routes, like between nearby cities. They only have around 50 seats. Some examples are the Bombardier CRJ and the Embraer E-Jet. These planes are perfect for quick trips without having to use a huge airliner.TurbopropsTurboprops look a bit different because they have propellers instead of jet engines. But don't be fooled – they are still very modern airplanes! The propellers give them better fuel efficiencyfor shorter flights. Common turboprops are the Dash 8 and the ATR 72.Private JetsWhile big airliners carry hundreds of people, private jets are luxurious small planes for just a handful of passengers. They are super fancy inside with leather seats and other premium amenities. The Cessna Citation and the Gulfstream G650 are two examples of these sleek corporate jets.Cargo PlanesHave you ever wondered how all those boxes you order online get delivered so quickly? The answer is cargo planes! These are huge aircraft designed to carry heavy loads of freight and packages. Popular ones include the Boeing 747 Freighter and the Airbus A300-600ST Beluga.Fighter JetsNow these are the coolest airplanes of all – fighter jets used by the military! They are extremely fast and maneuverable. Famous fighter jets are the F-22 Raptor, the F-35 Lightning II, and the F/A-18 Super Hornet. These incredible aircraft can reach supersonic speeds and pull off amazing aerial stunts.There are so many more types like helicopters, seaplanes, gliders, and even experimental solar planes. The world of aviation is very diverse and exciting. Who knows what amazing new aircraft designs the future will bring? Maybe one day you'll even become a pilot yourself and get to fly these incredible machines!篇6Types of AirplanesHave you ever looked up at the sky and seen an airplane flying high above? Airplanes are amazing machines that can soar through the air and take us to exciting places around the world. But did you know that there are many different types of airplanes? Each one is designed for a specific purpose, and they come in all shapes and sizes. Let me tell you about some of the most common kinds of airplanes you might see.Commercial AirlinersThese are the big airplanes that carry lots of passengers from one city to another. Companies like American Airlines, United Airlines, and Delta operate these jets. They have two or four engines and can fly very far distances. Some of the mostwell-known commercial airliners include the Boeing 737, Boeing747 (also called the "Jumbo Jet"), and the Airbus A320. When you go on a family vacation and fly somewhere, you'll likely be on one of these airliners.Private JetsWhile commercial airliners carry hundreds of people, private jets are much smaller and transport just a few passengers at a time. Many wealthy individuals and celebrities own private jets to travel in luxury and privacy. Some examples are the Cessna Citation, Gulfstream G650, and Bombardier Global Express. These sleek planes have fancy interiors with comfortable seating and amenities.Fighter JetsFighter jets are super fast military airplanes used by the Air Force. Their job is to defend our country's airspace and attack enemy targets. The F-22 Raptor, F-35 Lightning, and F-16 Fighting Falcon are a few of the high-tech fighter jets flown by U.S. pilots. With their powerful engines and cool-looking designs, fighter jets can reach incredible speeds!Cargo PlanesWhen you order a toy or clothes online, those items are likely delivered to your home by truck. But how did they getacross the country so quickly? Big cargo planes carried those packages! Companies like FedEx and UPS use giant cargo planes like the Boeing 747 freighter to transport millions of parcels every day. These planes are built without passenger seats to maximize space for shipping containers full of boxes.HelicoptersUnlike airplanes that need a runway, helicopters can take off and land vertically. Their spinning rotor blades allow them to hover in the air. Police departments use helicopters to monitor the streets from above. News stations rely on helicopters to capture video footage of major events. And health care workers fly helicopters to rescue injured people in remote areas and bring them to hospitals. The most common helicopters are the Bell 206, Sikorsky UH-60 Blackhawk, and the AgustaWestland AW139.Small PlanesFor people who want to fly themselves instead of being a passenger, small planes are the way to go. These light aircraft include single-engine or twin-engine propeller planes. Popular models are the Cessna 172, Piper Cherokee, and Cirrus SR22. Many small airports have flight schools that teach people how to be pilots and let them practice flying these planes.There are so many other types of airplanes too – from crop dusters that spray fields on farms to aerobatic planes that perform stunts and tricks in the sky. Airplanes allow us to travel around the globe quickly and easily. They help ship goods, protect our country, and let people experience the wonder of flight. The next time you see an airplane overhead, watch closely and see if you can identify what kind it is! Our skies are filled with all sorts of amazing aircraft.。

Database Systems1. Fundamental Concepts of DatabaseDatabase and database technology are having a major impact on the growing use of computers. It is fair to say that database will play a critical role in almost all areas where computers are used, including business, engineering, medicine, law, education, and library science, to name a few. The word "database" is in such common use that we must begin by defining what a database is. Our initial definition is quit general.A database is a collection of related data. By data, we mean known facts that can be recorded and that have implicit meaning. For example, consider the names, telephone numbers, and addresses of all the people you know. Y ou may have recorded this data in an indexed address book, or you may have stored it on a diskette using a personal computer and software such as DBASE III or Lotus 1-2-3. This is a collection of related data with an implic it meaning and hence is a database.The above definition of database is quite general; for example, we may consider the collection of words that make up thispage of text to be related data and hence a database. However, the common use of the term database is usually more restricted.A database has the following implicit properties:.A database is a logically coherent collection of data with some inherent meaning. A random assortment of data cannot bereferred to as a database..A database is designed, built, and populated with data for a specific purpose. It has an intended group of users and somepreconceived applications in which these users are interested..A database represents some aspect of the real world, sometimes called the mini world. Changes to the mini world are reflected in the database.In other words, a database has some source from which data are derived, some degree of interaction with events in the real world, and an audience that is actively interested in the contents of the database.A database can be of any size and of varying complexity. For example, the list of names and addresses referred to earlier may have only a couple of hundred records in it, each with asimple structure. On the other hand, the card catalog of a large library may contain half a million cards stored under different categories-by primary author’s last name, by subject, by book title, and the like-with each category organized in alphabetic order. A database of even greater size and complexity may be that maintained by the Internal Revenue Service to keep track of the tax forms filed by taxpayers of the United States. If we assume that there are 100million taxpayers and each taxpayer files an average of five forms with approximately 200 characters of information per form, we would get a database of 100*(106)*200*5 characters(bytes) of information. Assuming the IRS keeps the past three returns for each taxpayer in addition to the current return, we would get a database of 4*(1011) bytes. This huge amount of information must somehow be organized and managed so that users can search for, retrieve, and update the data as needed.A database may be generated and maintained manually or by machine. Of course, in this we are mainly interested in computerized database. The library card catalog is an example of a database that may be manually created and maintained. A computerized database may be created and maintained either by a group of application programs written specifically for that task or by a database management system.A data base management system (DBMS) is a collection of programs that enables users to create and maintain a database. The DBMS is hence a general-purpose software system that facilitates the processes of defining, constructing, and manipulating databases for various applications. Defining a database involves specifying the types of data to be stored in the database, along with a detailed description of each type of data. Constructing the database is the process of storing the data itself on some storage medium that is controlled by the DBMS. Manipulating a database includes such functions as querying the database to retrieve specific data, updating the database to reflect changes in the mini world, and generating reports from the data.Note that it is not necessary to use general-purpose DBMS software for implementing a computerized database. We could write our own set of programs to create and maintain the database, in effect creating our own special-purpose DBMS software. In either case-whether we use a general-purpose DBMS or not-we usually have a considerable amount of software to manipulate the database in addition to the database itself. The database and software are together called a database system.2. Data ModelsOne of the fundamental characteristics of the database approach is that it provides some level of data abstraction by hiding details of data storage that are not needed by most database users. A data model is the main tool for providing this abstraction. A data is a set of concepts that can beused to describe the structure of a database. By structure of a database, we mean the data types, relationships, and constraints that should hold on the data. Most data models also include a set of operations for specifying retrievals and updates on the database.Categories of Data ModelsMany data models have been proposed. We can categorize data models based on the types of concepts they provide to describe the database structure. High-level or conceptual data models provide concepts that are close to the way many users perceive data, whereas low-level or physical data models provide concepts that describe the details of how data is stored in the computer. Concepts provided by low-level data models are generally meant for computer specialists, not for typical end users. Between these two extremes is a class of implementation data models, which provide concepts that may be understood by end users but that are not too far removed from the way data is organized within the computer. Implementation data models hide some details of data storage but can be implemented on a computer system in a direct way.High-level data models use concepts such as entities, attributes, and relationships. An entity is an object that is represented in the database. An attribute is a property that describes some aspect of an object. Relationships among objects are easily represented in high-level data models, which are sometimes called object-based models because they mainly describe objects and their interrelationships.Implementation data models are the ones used most frequently in current commerc ial DBMSs and include the three most widely used data models-relational, network, and hierarchical. They represent data using record structures and hence are sometimes called record-based data modes.Physical data models describe how data is stored in the computer by representing information such as record formats, record orderings, and access paths. An access path is a structure that makes the search for particular database records much faster.3. Classification of Database Management SystemsThe main criterion used to classify DBMSs is the data model on which the DBMS is based. The data models used most often in current commercial DBMSs are the relational, network, and hierarchical models. Some recent DBMSs are based on conceptual or object-oriented models. We will categorize DBMSs as relational, hierarchical, and others.Another criterion used to classify DBMSs is the number of users supported by the DBMS. Single-user systems support only one user at a time and are mostly used with personal computer. Multiuser systems include the majority of DBMSs and support many users concurrently.A third criterion is the number of sites over which the database is distributed. Most DBMSs are centralized, meaning that their data is stored at a single computer site. A centralized DBMS can support multiple users, but the DBMS and database themselves reside totally at a single computer site. A distributed DBMS (DDBMS) can have the actual database and DBMS software distributed over many sites connected by a computer network. Homogeneous DDBMSs use the same DBMS software at multiple sites. A recent trend is to develop software to access several autonomous preexisting database stored under heterogeneous DBMSs. This leads to a federated DBMS (or multidatabase system),, where the participating DBMSs are loosely coupled and have a degree of local autonomy.We can also classify a DBMS on the basis of the types of access paty options available for storing files. One well-known family of DBMSs is based on inverted file structures. Finally, a DBMS can be general purpose of special purpose. When performance is a prime consideration, a special-purpose DBMS can be designed and built for a specific application and cannot be used for other applications, Many airline reservations and telephone directory systems are special-purpose DBMSs.Let us briefly discuss the main criterion for classifying DBMSs: the data mode. The relational data model represents a database as a collection of tables, which look like files. Mos t relational databases have high-level query languages and support a limited form of user views.The network model represents data as record types and also represents a limited type of 1:N relationship, called a set type. The network model, also known as the CODASYL DBTG model, has an associated record-at-a-time language that must be embedded in a host programming language.The hierarchical model represents data as hierarchical tree structures. Each hierarchy represents a number of related records. There is no standard language for the hierarchical model, although most hierarchical DBMSs have record-at-a-time languages.4. Client-Server ArchitectureMany varieties of modern software use a client-server architecture, in which requests by one process (the client) are sent to another process (the server) for execution. Database systems are no exception. In the simplest client/server architecture, the entire DBMS is a server, except for the query interfaces that interact with the user and send queries or other commands across to the server. For example, relational systems generally use the SQL language for representing requests from the client to the server. The database server then sends the answer, in the form of a table or relation, back to the client. The relationship between client and server can get more work in theclient, since the server will e a bottleneck if there are many simultaneous database users.。

设计一个未来产品英语作文Designing a Future Product: A Personalized Health Monitor。

As technology continues to advance, it is becoming increasingly important to prioritize our health and well-being. With this in mind, I have designed a future product that I believe will revolutionize the way we monitor and track our health: a personalized health monitor.This health monitor would be a small device that could be worn on the wrist or attached to clothing, similar to a fitness tracker. However, it would go beyond simplytracking steps and heart rate. Instead, it would be equipped with advanced sensors and artificial intelligence technology to provide a comprehensive overview of theuser's health.One of the key features of this health monitor would be its ability to analyze the user's blood. Through a smallpinprick on the finger, the device would be able to measure blood glucose levels, cholesterol levels, and even detect early signs of infection or disease. This information would be sent to the user's healthcare provider in real-time, allowing for early intervention and preventative care.Another feature of the personalized health monitor would be its ability to track the user's sleep patterns. Using advanced sensors, the device would be able to detect the quality of sleep, including the amount of deep sleep and REM sleep the user is getting. This information could be used to help the user improve their sleep habits, leading to better overall health.In addition to these features, the health monitor would also be able to track the user's physical activity, heart rate, and stress levels. This information could be used to create personalized health plans, tailored to the user's specific needs and goals.To make the personalized health monitor even more effective, it would be equipped with artificialintelligence technology. This would allow the device tolearn from the user's habits and patterns, providing even more personalized recommendations and insights. For example, if the user consistently has high stress levels in the afternoon, the device could suggest taking a short break or practicing mindfulness exercises.Overall, the personalized health monitor would be a game-changer in the world of healthcare. By providing real-time data and personalized recommendations, it could help users take control of their health and prevent serioushealth issues before they arise. With this innovative technology, the future of healthcare looks bright.。

计算机领域国际会议分类排名现在的会议非常多，在投文章前，大家可以先看看会议的权威性、前几届的录用率，这样首先对自己的文章能不能中有个大概的心理底线。

权威与否可以和同行的同学沟通、或者看录用文章的水平、或者自己平时阅读文献的时候的慢慢累及。

原来有人做过一个国际会议的排名，如下.sg/home/assourav/crank.htm其中的很多会议我们都非常熟悉的。

但是这个排名是大概2000的时候做的，后来没有更新，所以像ISWC 这个会议在其中就看不到。

但是很多悠久的会议上面都有的，如www,SIGIR,VLDB,EMLC,ICTAI这些等等。

这些东西可以作为一个参考。

现在很多学校的同学毕业都要有检索的要求了。

因此很多不在SCI，EI检索范围内的会议投了可能对毕业无用，所以投之前最好查查会议是不是被SCI，EI检索的。

当然这也不绝对，如Web领域最权威的WWW的全文就只是ISTP检索，而不是SCI，EI检索的（可能是ACM出版的原因吧？）。

罗嗦了这么多！祝愿大家能在好的会议上发PAPER，能被SCI，EI检索。

---------------附，会议排名（from .sg/home/assourav/crank.htm）Computer Science Conference RankingsSome conferences accept multiple categories of papers. The rankings below are for the mos t prestigious category of paper at a given conference. All other categories should be treat ed as "unranked".AREA: DatabasesRank 1:SIGMOD: ACM SIGMOD Conf on Management of DataPODS: ACM SIGMOD Conf on Principles of DB SystemsVLDB: Very Large Data BasesICDE: Intl Conf on Data EngineeringICDT: Intl Conf on Database TheoryRank 2:SSD: Intl Symp on Large Spatial DatabasesDEXA: Database and Expert System ApplicationsFODO: Intl Conf on Foundation on Data OrganizationEDBT: Extending DB TechnologyDOOD: Deductive and Object-Oriented DatabasesDASFAA: Database Systems for Advanced ApplicationsCIKM: Intl. Conf on Information and Knowledge ManagementSSDBM: Intl Conf on Scientific and Statistical DB MgmtCoopIS - Conference on Cooperative Information SystemsER - Intl Conf on Conceptual Modeling (ER)Rank 3:COMAD: Intl Conf on Management of DataBNCOD: British National Conference on DatabasesADC: Australasian Database ConferenceADBIS: Symposium on Advances in DB and Information SystemsDaWaK - Data Warehousing and Knowledge DiscoveryRIDE WorkshopIFIP-DS: IFIP-DS ConferenceIFIP-DBSEC - IFIP Workshop on Database SecurityNGDB: Intl Symp on Next Generation DB Systems and AppsADTI: Intl Symp on Advanced DB Technologies and Integration FEWFDB: Far East Workshop on Future DB SystemsMDM - Int. Conf. on Mobile Data Access/Management (MDA/MDM)ICDM - IEEE International Conference on Data MiningVDB - Visual Database SystemsIDEAS - International Database Engineering and Application Symposium Others:ARTDB - Active and Real-Time Database SystemsCODAS: Intl Symp on Cooperative DB Systems for Adv AppsDBPL - Workshop on Database Programming LanguagesEFIS/EFDBS - Engineering Federated Information (Database) Systems KRDB - Knowledge Representation Meets DatabasesNDB - National Database Conference (China)NLDB - Applications of Natural Language to Data BasesFQAS - Flexible Query-Answering SystemsIDC(W) - International Database Conference (HK CS)RTDB - Workshop on Real-Time DatabasesSBBD: Brazilian Symposium on DatabasesWebDB - International Workshop on the Web and DatabasesWAIM: Interational Conference on Web Age Information ManagementDASWIS - Data Semantics in Web Information SystemsDMDW - Design and Management of Data WarehousesDOLAP - International Workshop on Data Warehousing and OLAPDMKD - Workshop on Research Issues in Data Mining and Knowledge DiscoveryKDEX - Knowledge and Data Engineering Exchange WorkshopNRDM - Workshop on Network-Related Data ManagementMobiDE - Workshop on Data Engineering for Wireless and Mobile AccessMDDS - Mobility in Databases and Distributed SystemsMEWS - Mining for Enhanced Web SearchTAKMA - Theory and Applications of Knowledge MAnagementWIDM: International Workshop on Web Information and Data ManagementW2GIS - International Workshop on Web and Wireless Geographical Information Systems CDB - Constraint Databases and ApplicationsDTVE - Workshop on Database Technology for Virtual EnterprisesIWDOM - International Workshop on Distributed Object ManagementOODBS - Workshop on Object-Oriented Database SystemsPDIS: Parallel and Distributed Information SystemsAREA: Artificial Intelligence and Related SubjectsRank 1:AAAI: American Association for AI National ConferenceCVPR: IEEE Conf on Comp Vision and Pattern RecognitionIJCAI: Intl Joint Conf on AIICCV: Intl Conf on Computer VisionICML: Intl Conf on Machine LearningKDD: Knowledge Discovery and Data MiningKR: Intl Conf on Principles of KR & ReasoningNIPS: Neural Information Processing SystemsUAI: Conference on Uncertainty in AIAAMAS: Intl Conf on Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems (past: ICAA)ACL: Annual Meeting of the ACL (Association of Computational Linguistics)Rank 2:NAACL: North American Chapter of the ACLAID: Intl Conf on AI in DesignAI-ED: World Conference on AI in EducationCAIP: Inttl Conf on Comp. Analysis of Images and PatternsCSSAC: Cognitive Science Society Annual ConferenceECCV: European Conference on Computer VisionEAI: European Conf on AIEML: European Conf on Machine LearningGECCO: Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference (used to be GP)IAAI: Innovative Applications in AIICIP: Intl Conf on Image ProcessingICNN/IJCNN: Intl (Joint) Conference on Neural NetworksICPR: Intl Conf on Pattern RecognitionICDAR: International Conference on Document Analysis and RecognitionICTAI: IEEE conference on Tools with AIAMAI: Artificial Intelligence and MathsDAS: International Workshop on Document Analysis SystemsWACV: IEEE Workshop on Apps of Computer VisionCOLING: International Conference on Computational LiguisticsEMNLP: Empirical Methods in Natural Language ProcessingEACL: Annual Meeting of European Association Computational LingusticsCoNLL: Conference on Natural Language LearningDocEng: ACM Symposium on Document EngineeringIEEE/WIC International Joint Conf on Web Intelligence and Intelligent Agent Technology Rank 3:PRICAI: Pacific Rim Intl Conf on AIAAI: Australian National Conf on AIACCV: Asian Conference on Computer VisionAI*IA: Congress of the Italian Assoc for AIANNIE: Artificial Neural Networks in EngineeringANZIIS: Australian/NZ Conf on Intelligent Inf. SystemsCAIA: Conf on AI for ApplicationsCAAI: Canadian Artificial Intelligence ConferenceASADM: Chicago ASA Data Mining Conf: A Hard Look at DMEPIA: Portuguese Conference on Artificial IntelligenceFCKAML: French Conf on Know. Acquisition & Machine LearningICANN: International Conf on Artificial Neural NetworksICCB: International Conference on Case-Based ReasoningICGA: International Conference on Genetic AlgorithmsICONIP: Intl Conf on Neural Information ProcessingIEA/AIE: Intl Conf on Ind. & Eng. Apps of AI & Expert SysICMS: International Conference on Multiagent SystemsICPS: International conference on Planning SystemsIWANN: Intl Work-Conf on Art & Natural Neural NetworksPACES: Pacific Asian Conference on Expert SystemsSCAI: Scandinavian Conference on Artifical IntelligenceSPICIS: Singapore Intl Conf on Intelligent SystemPAKDD: Pacific-Asia Conf on Know. Discovery & Data MiningSMC: IEEE Intl Conf on Systems, Man and CyberneticsPAKDDM: Practical App of Knowledge Discovery & Data MiningWCNN: The World Congress on Neural NetworksWCES: World Congress on Expert SystemsASC: Intl Conf on AI and Soft ComputingPACLIC: Pacific Asia Conference on Language, Information and ComputationICCC: International Conference on Chinese ComputingICADL: International Conference on Asian Digital LibrariesRANLP: Recent Advances in Natural Language ProcessingNLPRS: Natural Language Pacific Rim SymposiumMeta-Heuristics International ConferenceRank 3:ICRA: IEEE Intl Conf on Robotics and AutomationNNSP: Neural Networks for Signal ProcessingICASSP: IEEE Intl Conf on Acoustics, Speech and SPGCCCE: Global Chinese Conference on Computers in EducationICAI: Intl Conf on Artificial IntelligenceAEN: IASTED Intl Conf on AI, Exp Sys & Neural NetworksWMSCI: World Multiconfs on Sys, Cybernetics & InformaticsLREC: Language Resources and Evaluation ConferenceAIMSA: Artificial Intelligence: Methodology, Systems, ApplicationsAISC: Artificial Intelligence and Symbolic ComputationCIA: Cooperative Information AgentsInternational Conference on Computational Intelligence for Modelling, Control and Automation Pattern MatchingECAL: European Conference on Artificial LifeEKAW: Knowledge Acquisition, Modeling and ManagementEMMCVPR: Energy Minimization Methods in Computer Vision and Pattern RecognitionEuroGP: European Conference on Genetic ProgrammingFoIKS: Foundations of Information and Knowledge SystemsIAWTIC: International Conference on Intelligent Agents, Web Technologies and Internet Commer ceICAIL: International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and LawSMIS: International Syposium on Methodologies for Intelligent SystemsIS&N: Intelligence and Services in NetworksJELIA: Logics in Artificial IntelligenceKI: German Conference on Artificial IntelligenceKRDB: Knowledge Representation Meets DatabasesMAAMAW: Modelling Autonomous Agents in a Multi-Agent WorldNC: ICSC Symposium on Neural ComputationPKDD: Principles of Data Mining and Knowledge DiscoverySBIA: Brazilian Symposium on Artificial IntelligenceScale-Space: Scale-Space Theories in Computer VisionXPS: Knowledge-Based SystemsI2CS: Innovative Internet Computing SystemsTARK: Theoretical Aspects of Rationality and Knowledge MeetingMKM: International Workshop on Mathematical Knowledge ManagementACIVS: International Conference on Advanced Concepts For Intelligent Vision Systems ATAL: Agent Theories, Architectures, and LanguagesLACL: International Conference on Logical Aspects of Computational LinguisticsAREA: Hardware and ArchitectureRank 1:ASPLOS: Architectural Support for Prog Lang and OSISCA: ACM/IEEE Symp on Computer ArchitectureICCAD: Intl Conf on Computer-Aided DesignDAC: Design Automation ConfMICRO: Intl Symp on MicroarchitectureHPCA: IEEE Symp on High-Perf Comp ArchitectureRank 2:FCCM: IEEE Symposium on Field Programmable Custom Computing MachinesSUPER: ACM/IEEE Supercomputing ConferenceICS: Intl Conf on SupercomputingISSCC: IEEE Intl Solid-State Circuits ConfHCS: Hot Chips SympVLSI: IEEE Symp VLSI CircuitsCODES+ISSS: Intl Conf on Hardware/Software Codesign & System SynthesisDATE: IEEE/ACM Design, Automation & Test in Europe ConferenceFPL: Field-Programmable Logic and ApplicationsCASES: International Conference on Compilers, Architecture, and Synthesis for Embedded Syste msRank 3:ICA3PP: Algs and Archs for Parall ProcEuroMICRO: New Frontiers of Information TechnologyACS: Australian Supercomputing ConfISC: Information Security ConferenceUnranked:Advanced Research in VLSIInternational Symposium on System SynthesisInternational Symposium on Computer DesignInternational Symposium on Circuits and SystemsAsia Pacific Design Automation ConferenceInternational Symposium on Physical DesignInternational Conference on VLSI DesignCANPC: Communication, Architecture, and Applications for Network-Based Parallel Computing CHARME: Conference on Correct Hardware Design and Verification MethodsCHES: Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded SystemsNDSS: Network and Distributed System Security SymposiumNOSA: Nordic Symposium on Software ArchitectureACAC: Australasian Computer Architecture ConferenceCSCC: WSES/IEEE world multiconference on Circuits, Systems, Communications & Computers ICN: IEEE International Conference on Networking Topology in Computer Science ConferenceAREA: Applications and MediaRank 1:I3DG: ACM-SIGRAPH Interactive 3D GraphicsSIGGRAPH: ACM SIGGRAPH ConferenceACM-MM: ACM Multimedia ConferenceDCC: Data Compression ConfSIGMETRICS: ACM Conf on Meas. & Modelling of Comp SysSIGIR: ACM SIGIR Conf on Information RetrievalPECCS: IFIP Intl Conf on Perf Eval of Comp \& Comm Sys WWW: World-Wide Web ConferenceRank 2:IEEE VisualizationEUROGRAPH: European Graphics ConferenceCGI: Computer Graphics InternationalCANIM: Computer AnimationPG: Pacific GraphicsICME: Intl Conf on MMedia & ExpoNOSSDAV: Network and OS Support for Digital A/VPADS: ACM/IEEE/SCS Workshop on Parallel \& Dist Simulation WSC: Winter Simulation ConferenceASS: IEEE Annual Simulation SymposiumMASCOTS: Symp Model Analysis \& Sim of Comp \& Telecom Sys PT: Perf Tools - Intl Conf on Model Tech \& Tools for CPE NetStore: Network Storage SymposiumMMCN: ACM/SPIE Multimedia Computing and NetworkingJCDL: Joint Conference on Digital LibrariesRank 3:ACM-HPC: ACM Hypertext ConfMMM: Multimedia ModellingDSS: Distributed Simulation SymposiumSCSC: Summer Computer Simulation ConferenceWCSS: World Congress on Systems SimulationESS: European Simulation SymposiumESM: European Simulation MulticonferenceHPCN: High-Performance Computing and NetworkingGeometry Modeling and ProcessingWISEDS-RT: Distributed Simulation and Real-time Applications IEEE Intl Wshop on Dist Int Simul and Real-Time Applications ECIR: European Colloquium on Information RetrievalEd-MediaIMSA: Intl Conf on Internet and MMedia SysUn-ranked:DVAT: IS\&T/SPIE Conf on Dig Video Compression Alg \& TechMME: IEEE Intl Conf. on Multimedia in EducationICMSO: Intl Conf on Modelling, Simulation and OptimisationICMS: IASTED Intl Conf on Modelling and SimulationCOTIM: Conference on Telecommunications and Information MarketsDOA: International Symposium on Distributed Objects and ApplicationsECMAST: European Conference on Multimedia Applications, Services and TechniquesGIS: Workshop on Advances in Geographic Information SystemsIDA: Intelligent Data AnalysisIDMS: Interactive Distributed Multimedia Systems and Telecommunication ServicesIUI: Intelligent User InterfacesMIS: Workshop on Multimedia Information SystemsWECWIS: Workshop on Advanced Issues of E-Commerce and Web/based Information Systems WIDM: Web Information and Data ManagementWOWMOM: Workshop on Wireless Mobile MultimediaWSCG: International Conference in Central Europe on Computer Graphics and Visualization LDTA: Workshop on Language Descriptions, Tools and ApplicationsIPDPSWPIM: International Workshop on Parallel and Distributed Computing Issues in Wireless N etworks and Mobile ComputingIWST: International Workshop on Scheduling and TelecommunicationsAPDCM: Workshop on Advances in Parallel and Distributed Computational ModelsCIMA: International ICSC Congress on Computational Intelligence: Methods and Applications FLA: Fuzzy Logic and Applications MeetingICACSD: International Conference on Application of Concurrency to System DesignICATPN: International conference on application and theory of Petri netsAICCSA: ACS International Conference on Computer Systems and ApplicationsCAGD: International Symposium of Computer Aided Geometric DesignSpanish Symposium on Pattern Recognition and Image AnalysisInternational Workshop on Cluster Infrastructure for Web Server and E-Commerce Applications WSES ISA: Information Science And Applications ConferenceCHT: International Symposium on Advances in Computational Heat TransferIMACS: International Conference on Applications of Computer AlgebraVIPromCom: International Symposium on Video Processing and Multimedia Communications PDMPR: International Workshop on Parallel and Distributed Multimedia Processing & Retrieval International Symposium On Computational And Applied PdesPDCAT: International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Computing, Applications, and Tec hniquesBiennial Computational Techniques and Applications ConferenceSymposium on Advanced Computing in Financial MarketsWCCE: World Conference on Computers in EducationITCOM: SPIE's International Symposium on The Convergence of Information Technologies and Com municationsConference on Commercial Applications for High-Performance ComputingMSA: Metacomputing Systems and Applications WorkshopWPMC : International Symposium on Wireless Personal Multimedia Communications WSC: Online World Conference on Soft Computing in Industrial Applications HERCMA: Hellenic European Research on Computer Mathematics and its Applications PARA: Workshop on Applied Parallel ComputingInternational Computer Science Conference: Active Media TechnologyIW-MMDBMS - Int. Workshop on Multi-Media Data Base Management SystemsAREA: System TechnologyRank 1:SIGCOMM: ACM Conf on Comm Architectures, Protocols & AppsINFOCOM: Annual Joint Conf IEEE Comp & Comm SocSPAA: Symp on Parallel Algms and ArchitecturePODC: ACM Symp on Principles of Distributed ComputingPPoPP: Principles and Practice of Parallel ProgrammingRTSS: Real Time Systems SympSOSP: ACM SIGOPS Symp on OS PrinciplesSOSDI: Usenix Symp on OS Design and ImplementationCCS: ACM Conf on Comp and Communications SecurityIEEE Symposium on Security and PrivacyMOBICOM: ACM Intl Conf on Mobile Computing and NetworkingUSENIX Conf on Internet Tech and SysICNP: Intl Conf on Network ProtocolsPACT: Intl Conf on Parallel Arch and Compil TechRTAS: IEEE Real-Time and Embedded Technology and Applications Symposium ICDCS: IEEE Intl Conf on Distributed Comp SystemsRank 2:CC: Compiler ConstructionIPDPS: Intl Parallel and Dist Processing SympIC3N: Intl Conf on Comp Comm and NetworksICPP: Intl Conf on Parallel ProcessingSRDS: Symp on Reliable Distributed SystemsMPPOI: Massively Par Proc Using Opt InterconnsASAP: Intl Conf on Apps for Specific Array ProcessorsEuro-Par: European Conf. on Parallel ComputingFast Software EncryptionUsenix Security SymposiumEuropean Symposium on Research in Computer SecurityWCW: Web Caching WorkshopLCN: IEEE Annual Conference on Local Computer NetworksIPCCC: IEEE Intl Phoenix Conf on Comp & CommunicationsCCC: Cluster Computing ConferenceICC: Intl Conf on CommWCNC: IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking ConferenceCSFW: IEEE Computer Security Foundations WorkshopRank 3:MPCS: Intl. Conf. on Massively Parallel Computing SystemsGLOBECOM: Global CommICCC: Intl Conf on Comp CommunicationNOMS: IEEE Network Operations and Management SympCONPAR: Intl Conf on Vector and Parallel ProcessingVAPP: Vector and Parallel ProcessingICPADS: Intl Conf. on Parallel and Distributed SystemsPublic Key CryptosystemsAnnual Workshop on Selected Areas in CryptographyAustralasia Conference on Information Security and PrivacyInt. Conf on Inofrm and Comm. SecurityFinancial CryptographyWorkshop on Information HidingSmart Card Research and Advanced Application ConferenceICON: Intl Conf on NetworksNCC: Nat Conf CommIN: IEEE Intell Network WorkshopSoftcomm: Conf on Software in Tcomms and Comp NetworksINET: Internet Society ConfWorkshop on Security and Privacy in E-commerceUn-ranked:PARCO: Parallel ComputingSE: Intl Conf on Systems Engineering (**)PDSECA: workshop on Parallel and Distributed Scientific and Engineering Computing with Appli cationsCACS: Computer Audit, Control and Security ConferenceSREIS: Symposium on Requirements Engineering for Information SecuritySAFECOMP: International Conference on Computer Safety, Reliability and SecurityIREJVM: Workshop on Intermediate Representation Engineering for the Java Virtual Machine EC: ACM Conference on Electronic CommerceEWSPT: European Workshop on Software Process TechnologyHotOS: Workshop on Hot Topics in Operating SystemsHPTS: High Performance Transaction SystemsHybrid SystemsICEIS: International Conference on Enterprise Information SystemsIOPADS: I/O in Parallel and Distributed SystemsIRREGULAR: Workshop on Parallel Algorithms for Irregularly Structured ProblemsKiVS: Kommunikation in Verteilten SystemenLCR: Languages, Compilers, and Run-Time Systems for Scalable ComputersMCS: Multiple Classifier SystemsMSS: Symposium on Mass Storage SystemsNGITS: Next Generation Information Technologies and SystemsOOIS: Object Oriented Information SystemsSCM: System Configuration ManagementSecurity Protocols WorkshopSIGOPS European WorkshopSPDP: Symposium on Parallel and Distributed ProcessingTreDS: Trends in Distributed SystemsUSENIX Technical ConferenceVISUAL: Visual Information and Information SystemsFoDS: Foundations of Distributed Systems: Design and Verification of Protocols conference RV: Post-CAV Workshop on Runtime VerificationICAIS: International ICSC-NAISO Congress on Autonomous Intelligent SystemsITiCSE: Conference on Integrating Technology into Computer Science EducationCSCS: CyberSystems and Computer Science ConferenceAUIC: Australasian User Interface ConferenceITI: Meeting of Researchers in Computer Science, Information Systems Research & Statistics European Conference on Parallel ProcessingRODLICS: Wses International Conference on Robotics, Distance Learning & Intelligent Communic ation SystemsInternational Conference On Multimedia, Internet & Video TechnologiesPaCT: Parallel Computing Technologies workshopPPAM: International Conference on Parallel Processing and Applied MathematicsInternational Conference On Information Networks, Systems And TechnologiesAmiRE: Conference on Autonomous Minirobots for Research and EdutainmentDSN: The International Conference on Dependable Systems and NetworksIHW: Information Hiding WorkshopGTVMT: International Workshop on Graph Transformation and Visual Modeling Techniques AREA: Programming Languages and Software EngineeringRank 1:POPL: ACM-SIGACT Symp on Principles of Prog LangsPLDI: ACM-SIGPLAN Symp on Prog Lang Design & ImplOOPSLA: OO Prog Systems, Langs and ApplicationsICFP: Intl Conf on Function ProgrammingJICSLP/ICLP/ILPS: (Joint) Intl Conf/Symp on Logic ProgICSE: Intl Conf on Software EngineeringFSE: ACM Conf on the Foundations of Software Engineering (inc: ESEC-FSE) FM/FME: Formal Methods, World Congress/EuropeCAV: Computer Aided VerificationRank 2:CP: Intl Conf on Principles & Practice of Constraint ProgTACAS: Tools and Algos for the Const and An of SystemsESOP: European Conf on ProgrammingICCL: IEEE Intl Conf on Computer LanguagesPEPM: Symp on Partial Evalutation and Prog ManipulationSAS: Static Analysis SymposiumRTA: Rewriting Techniques and ApplicationsIWSSD: Intl Workshop on S/W Spec & DesignCAiSE: Intl Conf on Advanced Info System EngineeringSSR: ACM SIGSOFT Working Conf on Software ReusabilitySEKE: Intl Conf on S/E and Knowledge EngineeringICSR: IEEE Intl Conf on Software ReuseASE: Automated Software Engineering ConferencePADL: Practical Aspects of Declarative LanguagesISRE: Requirements EngineeringICECCS: IEEE Intl Conf on Eng. of Complex Computer SystemsIEEE Intl Conf on Formal Engineering MethodsIntl Conf on Integrated Formal MethodsFOSSACS: Foundations of Software Science and Comp StructAPLAS: Asian Symposium on Programming Languages and SystemsMPC: Mathematics of Program ConstructionECOOP: European Conference on Object-Oriented ProgrammingICSM: Intl. Conf on Software MaintenanceHASKELL - Haskell WorkshopRank 3:FASE: Fund Appr to Soft EngAPSEC: Asia-Pacific S/E ConfPAP/PACT: Practical Aspects of PROLOG/Constraint TechALP: Intl Conf on Algebraic and Logic ProgrammingPLILP: Prog, Lang Implentation & Logic ProgrammingLOPSTR: Intl Workshop on Logic Prog Synthesis & TransfICCC: Intl Conf on Compiler ConstructionCOMPSAC: Intl. Computer S/W and Applications ConfTAPSOFT: Intl Joint Conf on Theory & Pract of S/W DevWCRE: SIGSOFT Working Conf on Reverse EngineeringAQSDT: Symp on Assessment of Quality S/W Dev ToolsIFIP Intl Conf on Open Distributed ProcessingIntl Conf of Z UsersIFIP Joint Int'l Conference on Formal Description Techniques and Protocol Specification, Tes ting, And VerificationPSI (Ershov conference)UML: International Conference on the Unified Modeling LanguageUn-ranked:Australian Software Engineering ConferenceIEEE Int. W'shop on Object-oriented Real-time Dependable Sys. (WORDS)IEEE International Symposium on High Assurance Systems EngineeringThe Northern Formal Methods WorkshopsFormal Methods PacificInt. Workshop on Formal Methods for Industrial Critical SystemsJFPLC - International French Speaking Conference on Logic and Constraint ProgrammingL&L - Workshop on Logic and LearningSFP - Scottish Functional Programming WorkshopLCCS - International Workshop on Logic and Complexity in Computer ScienceVLFM - Visual Languages and Formal MethodsNASA LaRC Formal Methods WorkshopPASTE: Workshop on Program Analysis For Software Tools and EngineeringTLCA: Typed Lambda Calculus and ApplicationsFATES - A Satellite workshop on Formal Approaches to Testing of SoftwareWorkshop On Java For High-Performance ComputingDSLSE - Domain-Specific Languages for Software EngineeringFTJP - Workshop on Formal Techniques for Java ProgramsWFLP - International Workshop on Functional and (Constraint) Logic ProgrammingFOOL - International Workshop on Foundations of Object-Oriented LanguagesSREIS - Symposium on Requirements Engineering for Information SecurityHLPP - International workshop on High-level parallel programming and applicationsINAP - International Conference on Applications of PrologMPOOL - Workshop on Multiparadigm Programming with OO LanguagesPADO - Symposium on Programs as Data ObjectsTOOLS: Int'l Conf Technology of Object-Oriented Languages and SystemsAustralasian Conference on Parallel And Real-Time SystemsPASTE: Workshop on Program Analysis For Software Tools and EngineeringAvoCS: Workshop on Automated Verification of Critical SystemsSPIN: Workshop on Model Checking of SoftwareFemSys: Workshop on Formal Design of Safety Critical Embedded SystemsAda-EuropePPDP: Principles and Practice of Declarative ProgrammingAPL ConferenceASM: Workshops on Abstract State MachinesCOORDINATION: Coordination Models and LanguagesDocEng: ACM Symposium on Document EngineeringDSV-IS: Design, Specification, and Verification of Interactive SystemsFMCAD: Formal Methods in Computer-Aided DesignFMLDO: Workshop on Foundations of Models and Languages for Data and ObjectsIFL: Implementation of Functional LanguagesILP: International Workshop on Inductive Logic ProgrammingISSTA: International Symposium on Software Testing and AnalysisITC: International Test ConferenceIWFM: Irish Workshop in Formal MethodsJava GrandeLP: Logic Programming: Japanese ConferenceLPAR: Logic Programming and Automated ReasoningLPE: Workshop on Logic Programming EnvironmentsLPNMR: Logic Programming and Non-monotonic ReasoningPJW: Workshop on Persistence and JavaRCLP: Russian Conference on Logic ProgrammingSTEP: Software Technology and Engineering PracticeTestCom: IFIP International Conference on Testing of Communicating SystemsVL: Visual LanguagesFMPPTA: Workshop on Formal Methods for Parallel Programming Theory and Applications WRS: International Workshop on Reduction Strategies in Rewriting and Programming FATES: A Satellite workshop on Formal Approaches to Testing of Software FORMALWARE: Meeting on Formalware Engineering: Formal Methods for Engineering Software DRE: conference Data Reverse EngineeringSTAREAST: Software Testing Analysis & Review ConferenceConference on Applied Mathematics and Scientific ComputingInternational Testing Computer Software ConferenceLinux Showcase & ConferenceFLOPS: International Symposum on Functional and Logic ProgrammingGCSE: International Conference on Generative and Component-Based Software Engineering JOSES: Java Optimization Strategies for Embedded Systems。

与高级护理实践相关的外文书籍以下是与高级护理实践相关的外文书籍推荐：1. Advanced Practice Nursing: An Integrative Approach (5th Edition) by Ann B. Hamric, Charlene M. Hanson, Mary Fran Tracy2. Advanced Practice Nursing: Core Concepts for Professional Role Development (5th Edition) by Michaelene P. Mirr-Jansen, Mary Angela Terhaar3. Advanced Nursing Practice by Ruth Pearce, Amanda Baverstock, Emma Hall4. The Doctor of Nursing Practice Essentials: A New Model for Advanced Practice Nursing (3rd Edition) by Mary E. Zaccagnini, Kathryn Waud White5. Advanced Practice Nursing: An Integrative Approach (6th Edition) by Ann B. Hamric, Judith A. Spross, Charlene M. Hanson6. Advanced Practice Nursing: Core Concepts for Professional Role Development (6th Edition) by Michaelene P. Mirr-Jansen, Mary Angela Terhaar7. Evidence-Based Practice in Nursing and Healthcare: A Guide to Best Practice (3rd Edition) by Bernadette Mazurek Melnyk, Ellen Fineout-Overholt8. Clinical Nurse Leader Certification Review (2nd Edition) by Cynthia R. King, Sally Gerard, Lynne Schaefer Gross9. Advanced Practice Nursing: Essentials for Role Development (3rd Edition) by Lucille A. Joel10. The Doctor of Nursing Practice: A Guidebook for Role Development and Professional Issues (2nd Edition) by Lisa Astalos Chism这些书籍涵盖了高级护理实践的各个方面，包括角色发展、专业问题、证据实践等等。

研究显示，我国是食管癌高发国家，致死率大约占全球的50%[1]。

食管癌临床表现为持续性加重的进食困难，根治性切除手术是治疗早期食管癌的主要方式。

但因其早期症状隐匿，确诊时多已处中晚期阶段，普遍存在远处或淋巴结转移现象，因此无法满足手术治疗指征[2]。

此外，晚期食管癌患者普遍身体素质低下，尤其是老年晚期食管癌患者，常合并多种基础疾病，主要脏器功能显著降低，术中无法完全将病灶切除，因此多推荐保守治疗[3]。

放疗是晚期食管癌患者保守治疗的常用方式，能够有效缓解病情，但对机体组织的毒副作用较大，导致机体正常机能受损，影响放疗效果[4]。

免疫治疗属于一种新型治疗方案，已成为治疗恶性肿瘤的主流方式，卡瑞利珠单抗属人源化的单克隆抗体，是免疫治疗方案中最常用的药物，主要通过阻断死亡受体-1来提高机体组织的抗肿瘤能力，在胃癌、肺癌等多种恶性肿瘤治疗中已获得较为理想的效果[5]。

但目前临床中关于卡瑞利珠单抗联合白蛋白紫杉醇+奈达铂/顺铂治疗晚期食管癌的相关报道少见，且疗效尚不明确。

因此，本研究旨在探讨卡瑞利珠单抗联合白蛋白紫杉醇+奈达铂/顺铂治疗老年晚期食管癌的效果及安全性，现将结果报道如下：1资料与方法1.1一般资料选择2019年1月至2022年1月新乡医学院第一附属医院收治的90例食管癌患者作为研究对象。

纳入标准：(1)符合食管癌规范化诊治指南中关于食管癌诊断标准[6]；(2)均为鳞癌，且均处于食道癌晚期(Ⅲ期或Ⅳ期)；(3)既往无放化疗史；(4)年龄> 65周岁，预计生存期>6个月；(5)病灶能够可靠测量。

排除标准：(1)患有血液系统疾病或处于急慢性感染期；(2)精神异常无法沟通交流者；(3)患有其他恶性肿瘤疾病或对本次研究药物过敏者；(4)同时进行其他药物治疗者；(5)入组前4周内有服用过其他化疗药物者；(6)合并自身免疫性疾病或者；(7)合并心、肝、肾等重要器官衰竭者。

根据随机数表法将患者分为观察组和对照组，每组45例，两组患者的基线资料比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)，具有可比性，见表1。

Turn overInstructions • Use black ink or ball-point pen.• I f pencil is used for diagrams/sketches it must be dark (HB or B). Coloured pens,pencils and highlighter pens must not be used.• Fill in the boxes at the top of this page with your name,centre number and candidate number.• Answer all questions.• A nswer the questions in the spaces provided– there may be more space than you need .Information • The total mark for this paper is 70.• T he marks for each question are shown in brackets– use this as a guide as to how much time to spend on each question.• Q uestions labelled with an asterisk (*) are ones where the quality of yourwritten communication will be assessed– y ou should take particular care on these questions with your spelling, punctuationand grammar, as well as the clarity of expression.Advice • Read each question carefully before you start to answer it.• Keep an eye on the time.• Try to answer every question.• Check your answers if you have time at the end.P43374A©2014 Pearson Education Ltd.1/1/1/1*P43374A0112*2*P43374A0212*Answer ALL questions. Write your answers in the spaces provided.1 Thermochromic pigments have many innovative applications.(a) Outline the household applications of thermochromic pigments.(4).................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... (b) Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of thermochromic pigments.(4).................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................(Total for Question 1 = 8 marks)3*P43374A0312*Turn over2 Countries are responsible for many environmental issues concerning globalsustainable development.(a) Explain the need for global sustainable development.(3)........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ (b) Outline the environmental impact caused by the widespread use of non organicpolymers in today’s “throw away” society.(5)........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................(Total for Question 2 = 8 marks)4*P43374A0412*3 The demand for energy has increased dramatically over time.(a) Discuss how industrialisation has changed the demand for energy.(3)........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ (b) Evaluate the use of water as a source of renewable energy.(5)....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................(Total for Question 3 = 8 marks)5*P43374A0512*Turn over4 Outline the advantages to the environment of recycling paper and board.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................(Total for Question 4 = 6 marks)6*P43374A0612*5 (a) Explain the difference between sequential product development and concurrentmanufacturing.(2)........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ (b) In the development stage of concurrent manufacturing, systems designers canuse quality function deployment (QFD).State two advantages of using quality function deployment (QFD).(2)1 ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................2 ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................7*P43374A0712*Turn over(c) A flexible manufacturing system (FMS) is a common production method. Describe how a flexible manufacturing system (FMS) can respond quickly tochanges during production.(4)........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................(Total for Question 5 = 8 marks)8*P43374A0812*6 Businesses using Computer Integrated Manufacturing are now incorporatingenterprise resource planning (ERP) into their systems.(a ) State two features of enterprise resource planning (ERP).(2)1 ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................2 ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... (b) Evaluate the advantages and disadvantages a business would experience byusing enterprise resource planning (ERP).(6)....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................。