初中中考英语语法
（名词篇）
语法总述：
名词篇：
名词的种类：英语名词可分专有名词和普通名词两大类：
、专有名词是个别的人、地、物、团体、机构等的专用名称。1Jilin, Tom, China, 专有名词中实词的第一个字母要大写。如：普通名词组成，往往为并列关零冠词，如(1)Yale University,Beijing Railway Station,是由专有名词+系。普通名词组成。the Great Wall,由形容词+定冠词，如(2)the United States，)。the Greens( (3) 姓氏名如果采用复数形式,则表示该姓氏一家人(复数含义),如：格林一家人
2、普通名词是许多人或事物的共有名称。普通名词又可进一步分为四类 1) 个体名称: 表示单个的人和事物。汽车风扇picture 照片苹果room 房间 apple fun house 马car
表示一群人或一些事物的名称。集体名称: 2)
军队 government 政府 group 集团人们people family 家庭 army
3) 物质名词 :表示物质或不具备确定形状和大小的个体的物质。水空气钢fire 火 steel air water milk 牛奶
,品质或其他抽象概念。状态抽象名词4):表示动作,耐力 friendship生活 health 劳动labour 健康life 友情patience
3. 普通名词又分为可数名词和不可数名词。；如：,可数名词是可以用简单的数词进行计数的名词 box, child, orangewater, news, oil, population, 不可数名词是不可以用简单的数词进行计数的名词。如：information .
4、英语可数名词的单复数：英语可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。
1. 规则名词的复数形式：
2. 不规则名词复数：
英语里有些名词的复数形式是不规则的，现归纳如下：
5、名词所有格：
名词在句中表示所属关系的语法形式叫做名词所有格，相当于物主代词,在句中作定语、宾语或主语。所有格分三种：
一是名词词尾加's构成，
二是由介词of加名词构成。前者多表示有生命的东西，后者多表示无生命的东西。
三是双重所有格。
1. 's所有格的构成：
名词所有格所修饰的词，如果前面已经提到过，往往可以省略，以免重复。这是谁的钢笔是汤姆的。Whose pen is this It's Tom's.
Toms. The bike is not mine, but Tom'这辆自行车不是我的，是的。
所有格的用法：2. of the legs of the chair, the cover of the book, a map of the world , 用于无生命的东西：a.
the windows of the room , the title of the filmstory ， the studentsthe classrooms 用于有生命的东西，尤其是名词较长时：b. the of first-year
of a hero
s所有格和'某些 of 所有格可以互换：＝son of a poor peasanta poor peasant一个贫农的儿子s son'双重所有格3.
在意义上与潜敮漠??相似：
a/an, some, several, no, few, another, all, many 等表数量的词修饰时，表示“某 of前面的名词被整体中的一部分”，强调部分与整体的关系
名词专项练习
( ) 1. She was very happy. She ____ in the maths test.
A. makes a few mistake
B. made a few mistakes
D. makes few mistake
C. made few mistakes
( ) 2. We need some more____. Can you go and get some, please
A. potato
B. potatos
C. potatoes
D. potatoe
( ) 3. _____are used for cutting things.
C. Knife
D. Knives A. Knife B. Knives
( ) 4. What big____ the tiger has!
. toothes B. teeth C. tooths A. tooth
( ) 5. Please remember to give the horse some tree___.
D. leave
C. leaf
A. leafs
B. leaves
( ) 6 .-Can we have some ___
-Yes, please.
A. banana
B. oranges D. pear
( ) 7. On the table there are five____.
D. tomato A. tomatos B. piece of tomatoes C. tomatoes
( ) 1. They got much ___ from those new books.
A. ideas
B. photos
C. information
D. stories
( ) 2. He gave us____ on how to keep fit.
B. some advice
C. an advice A. some advices
D. a advice( ) 3. When we saw his face, we knew___ was bad.
A. some news
B. a news
C. the news
P. news( ) 4 .What___ lovely weather it is!
A. /
B. the
C. an
D. a
3.
( ) 1. -Would you like___tea
-No, thanks. I have drunk two____.
A. any, bottles of orange
B. some, bottles of orange
C. many, bottles of oranges
D. few, bottle of oranges
( ) 2 .He is hungry. Give him ___ to eat.
B. two piece of bread A. two breads
D. two pieces of breads C. two pieces of bread
( ) 3 .I would like to have___.
B. two glass of milk I A. two glasses of milk
C. two glasses of milks
D. two glass of milks
( ) 4 .Can you give me ____
B. some cup of tea
C. a cup tea
D. a cup of tea
A. a tea
