不用被动语态的N种情况
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不用被动语态的 N 种情况
1. 不及物动词不能用于被动语态。例如:
The sun is rising. 太阳冉冉升起。
When did the thing occur? 那件事情是什么时候发生的?
2. 表示状态特征的系动词。如: look, sound, feel, smell, taste, appear, seem, go, prove,
turn, become, fall, get, grow, keep 等的主动形式表示被动意义。例如:
It sounds very good. 听起来很好。
3. 表示开始、结束、运动的动词不用于被动语态。这类动词有 begin, start, finish, open,
close, stop, end, shut, run, move 等。例如:
Class begins at 8 o ’clock.
4. read, write, wash, sell, wear, lock 等动词和 well, easily, smoothly 等连用时,主动形式表示被动意义。例如:
The pen writes smoothly.
The coat washes easily.
5. 一部分动词用进行时表示被动意义。 这类动词有: print, cook, fry, hang, build, make 等。例如:
The novel is printing.
The supper is cooking.
6. need, want, require, deserve 等动词以物做主语时, 后接动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。
My watch needs/ wants/ requires repairing.
Who said the boy deserves punishing. 谁说那男孩应受到惩罚。
7. 宾语是反身代词、相互代词、同源宾语时,不用被动语态。例如:
I taught myself English.
We help each other.
They live a happy life.
8. 一部分及物动词不用于被动语态。常见的有: fit, have, wish, cost, leave, enter, reach,
suit, benefit( 受益 ), lack, own 等。例如:
He entered the room and got his book.
I have a book.
9. 一些短语动词不能用于被动语态, 如:break out, take place, lose heart( 丧失勇气 ), come
true, belong to, consist of (有 组成), add up to, agree with, arrive at/ in, shake hands with,
succeed in, walk into (走进) , suffer from (忍受 ,遭受), happen to , take part in
等.例如:
The group, consisting of 5 people, has achieved its goals.
五人小组实现了他们的目标。
10. 不定式 to blame (责备) , to seek, to let 等用主动形式表示被动意义。例如:
The house is to let. 此房出租。
Who is to blame for? 那件事情谁应该受责备?
11. 不定式作定语与所修饰的名词构成动宾关系时,不定式用主动形式。例如:
I have lots of work to do.
He is a pleasant person to get along with. 他是一个很好相处的人。
12. 一部分形容词后接不定式做状语时,不定式用主动形式。常见的形容词有: easy, hard,
difficult, nice, kind, pleasant 等。例如:
He is easy to deal with. 他容易相处。
The ground is hard to dig. 这块地难挖。