被动语态的用法

被动语态的用法

被动语态的用法

一、语态概述

英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。

主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。例如：Many people speak

English.

被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。例如：English is spoken by many people.主语English是动词speak的承受者。

二、被动语态的构成

被动语态由“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。

一般现在时：am／is／are＋done

一般过去时：was／were＋done

一般将来时：will／shall be＋done

过去将来时：would+be+done

现在实行时：am／is／are being＋done

过去实行时：was/were being +done

现在完成时：have／has been＋done

三、被动语态的用法

1 不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。例如：

1) Some new computers were stolen last night.

一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。(不知道电脑是谁偷的)

2) This book was published in 1981.这本书出版于1981年。

2 强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。例如：

1) This book was written by him.这本书是他写的。

2) Eight hours per day for sleep must be guaranteed.每天8小时睡眠必须得到保证。 记忆歌诀：谁做的动作不知道，说出谁做的没有必要；动作承受者需强调，被动语态使用到。

四、主动语态变被动语态的方法

1 把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。

2 把谓语变成被动结构(be＋过去分词)，根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式。

3 把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。例如：

1) All the people laughed at him.= He was laughed at by all

people.

2) They make the bikes in the factory.= The bikes are made

by them in the factory.

记忆歌诀：宾变主，主变宾，by短语后面跟。谓语动词变被动，be 后“过度”来使用。

五、含有情态动词的被动语态

含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由“情态动词＋be＋过去分词”构成，原来带to的情态动词变成被动语态后“to”仍要保留。

记忆歌诀：情态动词变动，情态加be加“过度”，原来带to要保留。例如：

1) We can repair this watch in two days. = This watch can be

repaired in two days.

2) You have to take it away. = It have to be taken away.

3) They should do it at once. = It should be done at once.

（used to be done, seem to be done, happen to be done, be

able to be done）

六．特殊情况：1.省略to的词组，变被动必须加to。例如：

make sb. do sth.------sb. be made to do sth.

see sb. do sth.-----sb. be seen to do sth.

hear sb. do sth.-----sb.be heard to do sth.

例如： He made me finish the work.

I was made to finish the work by me.

2．双宾语：

give sb.sth.(give sth.to sb.)-----sb.be given sth.(sth.be given

to sb.)

buy sb.sth.(buy sth.for sb.)-----sb.be bought sth.(sth. be

bought forsb.)

例如：

I gave him a new book.

He was given a new book by me.

A new book was given to him by me.

3.take place, go by, happen, come true, cost无被动。

1.Basketball _____after school twice a week.

A.is played

B.will be played

C.was played

2.A lift ______ to go up and down every day.

A.is used

B.are used

C.be used

3.Shoes ____ in the shop last year. A.was sold B.is sold C.were

sold

4.In this game their hands __________.

A.not be seen

B.be not seen

C.can't be seen

5.These mooncakes _______ already by Mary.

A.will be eaten

B.haven't been eaten

C.have been eaten 6.He ______ to the hospital in a few minutes.

A.was taken

B.is taken

C.will be taken

7.My birthday cake _________yet.

A.is made

B.has been made

C.hasn't been made

8.English _______ in this school since 1980.

A.is taught

B.has been taught

C.was taught

9.The boy ______by Ling Feng.

A.are looked after

B.can be looked after

C.were looked after

10.These treasures ______since many years ago.

A.have been kept

B.were kept

C.are kept

11.The garden _______ a week ago.

A.is tidied

B.has been tidied

C.was tidied

12.He wanted to know if the tickets ______ to him tomorrow.

A.would be sent

B.will be sent

C.are sent

13.At the crossing, a policeman _____often ________.

.seen .seen .seen 14.Sometimes they _______ play football.

A.are seen to

B.are seen

C.will be seen to

15.All the clothes in the shop _______.

A.is tried on

B.was tried on

C.can be tried on

1.The worker said that he _______ a ladder at once.

A.needs

B.needed

C.was needed

D.is needed

2.A doctor _______for by her last month.

A.sent

B.were sent

C.was sent

D.sent

3.The doctor ________ Edison's mother.

A.was saved

B.has been saved

C.saved

D.have saved

4.Big pieces of metal ______ into small pieces here every day.

A.were cut

B.are cut

C.is cut

D.cut

5.A：Where is Jim's telephone number?

B：It ______ on the blackboard already. A.writes

B.wrote

C.is written

D.has been written

6.The bag of rice _____until it was too late.

A.didn't see

B.didn't seen

C.isn't seen

D.wasn't seen

7.My English book _____. I can't lend it to you.

A.has been lost

B.was lost

C.has lost

D.lost

8.A：Have you found the ruler yet? B：Yes, it ___ in my bag

two days ago. A.has found B.found C.has been found D.was

found

9.He _______ the tree as often as possible.

A.is watering

B.water

C.must water

D.must be watered

10.A large hole _______ before we plant a tree.

A.must dig

B.should be dug

C.digs

D.are dug

11.The funny story ______ children have a good laugh.

A.makes

B.make