金翅戏说英语阅读理解,完型,
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小升初英语寓言故事完形填空题40题1Once upon a time, there was a clever fox. The fox was known for its _1___ tricks. One day, the fox saw a bunch of grapes hanging from a vine. The grapes looked _2___ and juicy. The fox wanted to eat them very much. But the grapes were too high for the fox to reach. The fox tried _3___ ways to get the grapes. It jumped and jumped, but still couldn't reach them. Finally, the fox gave up and said, "Those grapes must be sour."1. A. amazing B. boring C. silly D. dangerous答案:A。
解析:根据上文“there was a clever fox”可知狐狸以令人惊奇的技巧而闻名,amazing 符合语境;boring 无聊的;silly 愚蠢的;dangerous 危险的,都不符合狐狸聪明的形象。
2. A. big B. small C. bad D. ugly答案:A。
解析:juicy 多汁的,通常和big 搭配形容葡萄又大又多汁;small 小的;bad 坏的;ugly 丑的,都与juicy 不搭。
3. A. many B. few C. one D. two答案:A。
解析:狐狸很想得到葡萄,所以会尝试很多方法,many 符合;few 很少;one 一个;two 两个,都不符合狐狸努力尝试的状态。
戏说英语阅读理解--黄沙百战,誓破楼兰先说点题外话。
之前有很多同学站内信或者回帖跟我说,让我写一个阅读方面的东西,可是我一直迟迟没有动笔。
首先,阅读不是一个帖子能说清楚的一件事情,阅读理解是英语底蕴与英语思维的积淀,关于考研阅读的书籍都很厚的一大本。
如果要是寄希望能在一个帖子里能说清楚,那必定是顾此失彼。
其次,关于阅读理解的做题方法,每个人都有每个人的模式了。
还有20天的时间,如果突然改变习惯的模式去适应新的方法,其结果很可能是邯郸学步。
最后,我觉得也是我一直没写的一个重要原因就是,得阅读者得英语,阅读所占分值之大,占比重之高是任何一个题型都没法比的。
如果为了凑成一个完整的系列,而随便应付一个帖子,那么遭天谴是小,误了各位的前程那罪过可就大了。
基于此,金翅看了很多经验贴、理论贴和技术贴,慎重的写下了这个帖子,希望对大家能有帮助。
如果有同学想知道,看不懂文章,单词一大片不认识的,单从看选项就能做对题的技巧,那么我先说您看错帖子了,赶紧ctrl+w一下,别浪费您宝贵的时间。
本帖不会介绍任何此类的技巧,因为金翅就是这类技巧的牺牲品,白白丢了很多分。
而金翅的一个同学因为这些所谓的阅读技巧,英语差一分,结果调剂到另一个学校了,与母校失之交臂。
不絮叨了,下边进入正文。
阅读概述在我们经历的各种英语考试中,阅读理解一直是拿分的大户、也是失分的大户。
阅读理解也是一直让我们说不清道不明的一个题型。
得阅读者得英语,有这样的说法,考研的成败很大一部分取决于考研英语,而考研英语的成败很大程度上取决于英语阅读的发挥。
这样我们就要把阅读提到一个不得不重视的位置。
本文摒弃传统的阅读讲解模式,力图用另一种思路、另一个角度对考研阅读理解有一个新的了解。
通过定量化的视角来对阅读理解进行解析,让同学们了解阅读理解究竟要考我们什么,我们又该如何应对这个陷阱。
我慢慢写,大家慢慢看。
很多辅导书把阅读题型分成十几种,这样太麻烦,我们也记不住。
九年级下册英语英语完形填空汇编技巧阅读训练策略及练习题(含答案)及解析一、中考英语完形填空汇编1.阅读短文,掌握其大意,然后从每小题所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。
A Chinese student went to England to study by 1 . His name was Sun. It is spelt S-U-N just as the word "sun" is spelt.England is a country with 2 weather. It is often cloudy and rainy, so the people there don't get 3 sunlight in the year. When the Chinese student arrived at 4 Airport, atall policeman opened his passport (护照) to 5 the visa (签证). The policeman was6 to find the Chinese name "Sun" in the passport. He thought it was pronounced just7 the English word "sun". So he said to the student, "I see your name is Sun. You are wanted here!"The Chinese student felt surprised. So he 8 the policeman, "Is there anything wrong with my passport 9 visa? Do I have to 10 to my country?" "What?" shouted the policeman, "No, we'll 11 let you go away."The Chinese student was worried by now. He thought he was going to be arrested (逮捕).He was sure that he had been 12 . But he wondered 13 he had broken the British law. So he asked the policeman again, "What happened? What have I done?"Then the policeman began to answer his question with a 14 on his face. He said, "Welcome to England! You don't know what you have done, Mr. Sun? You 15 sunlight to England already! So we don't want you to go away."1. A. bus B. plane C. subway D. car2. A. bad B. nice C. hot D. dry3. A. a lot B. many C. much D. lots4. A. London B. Beijing C. Tokyo D. New York5. A. buy B. write C. check D. draw6. A. excited B. worried C. scared D. bored7. A. by B. with C. like D. on8. A. trained B. asked C. agreed D. refused9. A. or B. for C. so D. but10. A. go over B. go on C. go back D. go out11. A. always B. sometimes C. never D. usually12. A. in silence B. in trouble C. in surprise D. in excitement13. A. where B. whether C. what D. who14. A. smile B. shout C. sadness D. shyness15. A. would bring B. were bringing C. have brought D. were brought【答案】(1)B;(2)A;(3)C;(4)A;(5)C;(6)A;(7)C;(8)B;(9)A;(10)C;(11)C;(12)B;(13)B;(14)A;(15)C;【解析】【分析】主要讲了一名名叫Sun的中国学生坐飞机去英格兰,在到达飞机场时警察检查他的护照时发生的有趣的事情。
2020-2021年中考英语完形填空和阅读理解20(附带答案解析)经典一、完形填空1.完形填空The story of how the teddy bear was invented is an interesting one. In 1902, American president(总统), Theodore(Teddy)Roosevelt was hunting (打猎)in the forest1 several of his friends. Almost everyone had successfully shot an animal, but the president2 not. Nobody wanted to make the president look3 , so they tied an American blackbear to a 4 They wanted the president to shoot 5 .The president was very surprised to see the bear tied to a tree. He felt it was 6 to shootthe bear, because it couldn't run away. He 7 to shoot it, and the story of his decision wentall over the country. 8 was moved by the president's beliefs(信念). There was 9 a cartoon showing the president refusing to shoot a cute bear.It was this cartoon and the story behind the president's hunting trip that gave Morris an idea tomake a new 10 . He made a small, soft bear and 11 it in his shop window. Next tothe bear he made a sign that read, "Teddy's Bear". The new toy was a big success and it 12 Morris with the money to create a toy company.Teddy bears have been 13 since they were first made. A teddy bear would be the firstchoice 14 people think about children's toys. Theodore Roosevelt's famous 15 ona hunting trip in 1902 brought millions of soft, stuffed bears. They are being loved by people across the world.1. A. for B. with C. by D. without2. A. did B. should C. would D. was3. A. sad B. happy C. friendly D. fine4. A. wall B. chair C. rock D. tree5. A. it B. him C. them D. her6. A. difficult B. unfair C. dangerousD. exciting7. A. wanted B. decided C. refused D. went8. A. Everybody B. Nobody C. Both D. Neither9. A. only B. hardly C. even D. still10. A. company B. toy C. shop D. present11. A. collected B. showed C. found D. hid12. A. gave B. filled C. met D. provided13. A. colorful B. expensive C. popular D. boring14. A. since B. when C. until D. unless15. A. decision B. speech C. sign D. skill【答案】(1)B;(2)A;(3)A;(4)D;(5)A;(6)B;(7)C;(8)A;(9)C;(10)B;(11)B;(12)D;(13)C;(14)B;(15)A;【解析】【分析】短文大意:本文讲述Teddy bear玩具的由来的故事。
2024年中考英语三轮复习专题解析(冲刺篇)—完形填空之人物故事类综观各地往年中考真题,记叙文居多,而且近年中考中记叙文所占比例超过50%,预测2024年中考完形填空也会以记叙文为主,侧重考查实词和对上下文语境、逻辑的理解。
一、解题步骤二、解题方法1.根据词语的习惯搭配来确定正确答案。
2.通过语法分析来选择正确答案。
若选项是名词,应根据上下文确定该名词的单复数以及是否用所有格等;若选项是动词,应考虑其时态、语态、搭配及非谓语形式等。
3.根据上下文的具体语境,利用所学知识和平时积累的生活常识等,选出最符合情景的选项。
4.有时对于一些难选的空,可以试着将各个选项逐一代入空白处,然后进行综合比较,从而选出最恰当的答案。
三、满分技巧1.了解记叙文的。
记叙文,无论是记人还是叙事,都会交代清楚、、、、和,即记叙文的""。
弄清了这六个要素,基本上就理解了整篇文章。
2.明确作者的。
就事论事一般来说不是作者记叙的目的,作者往往通过叙述阐明一个道理。
作者总是为了某个目的,在情节选择和细节描写上作出合理的安排。
读者明晰了写作目的,就能抓住文章的主题。
3.读懂作者的或。
解题时要认真分析全文,看作者是否一直采用某种态度叙事或描述人。
为了增加试题难度,命题人往往采用变化的形式,考生只有在语境的指导下,对文章进行准确地逻辑推断,才能推测出文字之下的深层信息。
4.弄清作者叙述的。
弄清文章是以第几人称的视角展开记叙的。
通常英语记叙文展开记叙的视角有两个:和。
用第一人称就是从"参与者"的角度进行记叙,读者可从字里行间感受到作者的态度和感情。
用第三人称就是以"观察者"的身份展开叙述,作者的语气客观,与读者保持一定距离,读者的注意力更多地集中在故事本身上。
了解作者的写作角度有助于我们抓住作者的思维,深入理解文章的意义,把握好语境。
(2023·浙江丽水·统考中考真题)阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,然后从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
九年级英语阅读理解词义猜测题完形填空题40题(带答案)1In our school, there are many activities that students can take part in. We have a rich and colorful campus life. The sports meet is one of the most exciting events. Students from different classes compete with each other. They show their skills and spirit.The art festival is also very popular. Students can display their talents in painting, singing and dancing. It provides a platform for students to express themselves.In the classroom, teachers encourage us to think independently and work in groups. We learn not only knowledge but also cooperation.1. The sports meet is an ___ event.A. interestingB. boringC. unimportantD. difficult答案:A。
解析:根据上文“The sports meet is one of the most exciting events.”可知运动会是令人兴奋的,interesting 表示有趣的,符合语境;boring 表示无聊的,unimportant 表示不重要的,difficult 表示困难的,均不符合语境。
(英语)九年级下册英语英语完形填空汇编技巧阅读训练策略及练习题(含答案)含解析一、中考英语完形填空汇编1.阅读下面短文,从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项,使短文完整、通顺。
On a hot summer morning, an old fisherman was fishing near a river. A child went by seeing him fishing. After a few minutes, the child found that the fisherman was really good 1 fishing. Because he didn't spend long 2 a full basket of fish. As the fisherman felt that the child was clever, he offered him some fish. But the child 3 his head. The fisherman asked in 4 , "Why not want the fish?"The child pointed at the fishing rod (杆) in his hands and said, "I only want that.""Why do you only want the rod?" Asked the fisherman."Eating up all the fish you gave doesn't take long. But if I have a fishing rod, I can go5 by myself and I won't be afraid of not having any more fish to eat."I think you will 6 say that the child is very cute. Wrong! I think if he doesn't know7 to fish, he can't have fish to eat, even though he has the fishing rod. So it's 8 to only have a fishing rod. Fishing skills are the 9 important, not the fishing rod.In modern society, some people think that if they have a "fishing rod" in their life, they'll 10 fear the wind and rain, just like the child who thought that if he had a fishing rod, he would have fish to eat.1. A. for B. in C. at D. with2. A. to catch B. in C. for catching D. catching3. A. lifted B. nodded C. shook D. shaked4. A. surprises B. surprise C. surprised D. surprising5. A. fished B. fishing C. fishes D. fish6. A. mainly B. finally C. exactly D. certainly7. A. how B. where C. what D. when8. A. harmless B. homeless C. useless D. careless9. A. most B. least C. less D. more10. A. not long B. not longer C. no long D. no longer【答案】(1)C;(2)D;(3)C;(4)B;(5)B;(6)D;(7)A;(8)C;(9)A;(10)D;【解析】【分析】主要讲了“授人以鱼不如授人以渔”的故事。
冀教版九年级英语完形阅读练习题含答案(二)阅读下面短文,从各题所给的四个选项中选出最佳答案。
Once a man and his wife worked for an old man. There was a big box in the man’s living room. The old man pointed to the box and said, “There’s only one thing you 1 do. Don’t open the box.” 2 saying this, he left his home.The woman said to her husband, “There must be 3 expensive in the box. Let’s open it, shall we?” Her husband said 4 to her. But the woman didn’t give 5 her idea. One day, she decided to find out 6 was in i t. Her husband didn’t stop her. She opened the box and looked inside. 7 her surprise, she found nothing in the box. She tried hard to close it, but she 8 .That evening the old man came home and found the box was 9 . He was very angry and asked her husband to leave his home.“But there was nothing I the box.” The woman said. “We haven’t taken anything at all.” The old man 10 them, “The box is not important, but I cannot believe you. That’s important!”( ) 1. A. dare not B. needn’t C. mustn’t D. may not( ) 2. A. After B. Before C. Form D. By( ) 3. A. nothing B. something C. anything D. everything( ) 4. A. yes B. goodbye C. hurry up D. no( ) 5.A. away B. up C. to D. back( )6.A. how B. what C. which D. that( ) 7.A. At B. In C. On D. To( )8.A. failed B. did C. refused D. succeeded( ) 9.A. broken B. empty C. open D. lost( ) 10.A. turned to B. listened to C. shouted at D. smiled at参考答案1.C考查情态动词辨析。
完形填空和阅读理解知识点总结和题型总结经典一、完形填空1.完形填空Can you imagine that we could build a beautiful city with rubbish? Maybe you will think it is 1 . However, it can be true! Nothing is a waste if we have a creative mind. Let me show you something about 2 rubbish.Sometimes we can see tons of rubbish in the streets, on the roads, near the buildings... here and there. Many large cities became so ugly 3 it. Nobody likes rubbish, but in fact, some rubbish can be used again. All of us want to solve the problem, we must do something to 4 rubbish. We should take action from now on. 5 , some good things will not be wasted.Do you often throw away things you don't need any more? Have you ever thought about how these things can actually be put to good use? For Example, when a car gets too old, it may not run any more. But we can use the metal of the car to make something else. When a bottle is empty, it 6 as waste. You don't know bottle glass can be made into sand and used to build streets. Rubbish 7 food can be changed into fertilizer to make plants grow better. It is cheap and safe. And other rubbish can also be used to make building blocks. Now, 8 machines are designed for that.9 , people will watch films in a beautiful cinema which is built out of rubbish. Besides buildings and roads, cities may be made from rubbish. But so far, building beautiful cities made from rubbish is only 10 .1. A. important B. understanding C. unbelievable D. possible2. A. returning B. reusing C. reflecting D. repeating3. A. because B. because of C. instead of D. as for4. A. make a living as B. make promises to C. make up our mind to D. make use of5. A. On the way B. By the way C. In this way D. Out of the way6. A. will be thrownB. will throw awayC. threw awayD. was thrown awayaway7. A. from B. in C. on D. to8. A. fewer and fewer B. less and less C. more and more D. more and less9. A. Some day B. The other day C. Nowadays D. In the day10. A. a symbol B. a letter C. a lesson D. a dream【答案】(1)C;(2)B;(3)B;(4)D;(5)C;(6)A;(7)A;(8)C;(9)A;(10)D;【解析】【分析】本文介绍了用垃圾建筑城市的梦想。
最新人教版新目标九年级阅读理解及完形填空试题及答案Peggy Pigtails was a quiet girl. Not many words passed her lips 36 she was shy, and also she sometimes felt she had nothing interesting to say.But all changed when Peggy Pigtails and her family 2 houses.On arriving at the new place, she 3 a huge attic full of old things. She found a big chest with an old book. The book was floating in the air.Peggy Pigtails tried her best to take the book down to her room and 4 it there until night. That night, when she was sure no one would disturb her, she started reading the 5 with her dog. It was a storybook. Her dog spoke to her, “What a(n) 6 book you’ve found! It seems to have some lovely stories!” Peggy Pigtails couldn’t 7 it, but the dog continued talking, telling her all sorts of thigns, and asking a thousand questions. After some time, Peggy Pigtails asked, “So how come you’re talking?”“I don’t know,” answered the dog. “ 8 just thinking about things, now I’m saying them too. I guess it was the book that did it.”Peggy Pigtails 9 to show the book to some other animals. One after another, the animals all started talking, and, before long, Peggy Pigtails was chatting—in the most 10 manner—with animals, her friends, her classmates or other children in her school.So, from that day on, Peggy Pigtails had more friends than anyone else in the whole school. ( )1. A. because B. so C. but D. while( )2. A. destroyed B. broke C. painted D. moved( )3. A. invented B. discovered C. created D. produced( )4. A. read B. hid C. designed D. cut( )5. A. book B. magazine C. newspaper D. letter( )6. A. common B. thick C. interesting D. expensive( )7. A. hold B. receive C. imagine D. believe( )8. A. Along with B. Because of C. Instead of D. According to( )9. A. refused B. decided C. forgot D. forced( )10. A. impolite B. serious C. stupid D. friendlyADBBA CDCBDOne morning, an emperor was walking in his country when he met a beggar. The beggar came up and 1 , “Can you meet my need, your Majesty?”“Of course. What is it? Just 2 me,” asked the emperor.“Will you please fill this begging bowl with 3 ?” asked the beggar.“Of course,” the empero r said and 4 one of his servants to fill the beggar’s bowl, 5 the money was gone. He poured again, and there was still 6 in the bowl. People gathered around them. The emperor shouted angrily, “7 ? I can’t be defeated by a beggar.” He decided to pour money by 8 . He poured much money into the 9 , but the bowl still remained empty. Finally, the emperor despaired. He asked the beggar, “What is the bowl 10 of?”The beggar laughed and said, “There is no secret. It is simply made of the desire of hum an beings.”( )1. A. argued B. played C. asked D. predicted( )2. A. show B. leave C. tell D. make( )3. A. shell B. water C. rice D. money( )4. A. told B. returned C. explained D. picked( )5. A. if B. but C. so D. or( )6. A. anything B. everything C. something D. nothing( )7. A. Why B. How C. When D. Who( )8. A. herself B. yourself C. himself D. myself( )9. A. bag B. house C. pocket D. bowl( )10. A. set B. made C. taken D. writtenA benefit concert or charity concert is a concert, or show featuring musicians, comedians, or other performers that is held for a charitable purpose, often directed at a specific and immediate humanitarian crisis. Such events raise both funds and public awareness for such crisis.Benefit concert’s typical feature is that all performers work for little or even no pay. The largest such effort in recent memory was the Live 8 concert organized in 2005 by Bob Geldof And Bono, and the Live Earth concerts were also arranged following the September 11,2001 attacks, the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and Hurricane Katrina.There are different ways by which additional income and awareness for the charitable cause is raised—over and beyond the original event. These methods have included theatrically-released concert films, live television, radio and internet broadcasts, audio recordings and home video release of performances.Benefit concerts can lead musicians to temporarily set aside disagreements that had led to estrangements. Examples of this include the one-time reunion of Roger Waters with Pink Floyd for their 2005 Live 8 performance; and the first post-break-up reunion of Simon and Garfunkel at a 1972 concert in support of presidential candidate George McGovern.There have been benefit concerts dating back to the eighteenth century, a notable example is the one held on December 28, 1791 f or the benefit of Mozart’s family after his death on the 5th of the month. Many famous musicans of the day attended and performed his works.( )1. The purpose of holding benefit concerts is to ___.A. raise money and public awareness to help solve problemsB. provide people with entertainment and pleasureC. help people remember great eventsD. help people to set aside disagreements( )2. How many benefit concerts does the writer mention in second paragraph?A. Four.B. Five.C. Six.D. Seven.( )3. The meaning of the underlined word in fourth paragraph might mean___.A. for everB. rapidlyC. for a limited time onlyD. commonly( )4. Which of the following situations is suitable to hold a benefit concert?①Typhoon Morac hit Taiwan on August 6th, 2009.②an earthquake happened in Wenchuan, Sichuan on May12th, 2008.③A sandstorm swept across northeast of China in April, 2009.④A boy from Shandong has been diagnosed with leukemia.A. ①②④B. ①③④C.②③④D. ①②③④( )5. The purpose of writing the passage is to ___.A. point out the importance of holding benefit concertsB. tell people to make contributions to charityC. tell people what benefit concerts are and the function of themD. introduce some benefit concerts to peopleABCDCThe terrible experience of your mobile phone running out of power in mid-conversation could be over, for researcher at the University of Wisconsin have invented a device that is placed in a shoe, can get the kinetic energy from walking to power a mobile phone.Scientist have been working for years on trying to use the energy produced form walking, which theoretically is enough to power a light bulb, smart phone or even a laptop.But until now their solutions have been too cumbersome, or have not produced enough power to be useful. Now, engineering experts Tom Krupenkin and Ashley Taylor say they have come up with a technology which can produce as much as a hefty 10 watts of power.After testing many liquids, the research chose a metal alloy called Galinstan. Used in thermometers, it is similar to mercury but not poisonous. Two small bags, placed in the bottom of a shoe, are filled with the fluid and create a current whenever they are compressed by the foot’s up and down movement.It’s hard to transfer the energy from a device in a food to a phone in the hand. Rather than plugging a cable into a shoe, the Wisconsin researchers suggest installing a wireless transmitter in the heel. This could make radio contact with mobile phone base stations.Professor Krupenkin said, “Humans are ‘very powerful energy-producing machines’ that can produce as much as a kilowatt of power while sprinting.”( ) 1. The meaning of the underlined word “a device” is ___.A. an equipmentB. a subjectC. a projectD. a program( )2. The device placed in a shoe can get the kinetic energy to power a mobile phone ___.A. from the table in the shoeB. from walkingC. from throwing the shoeD. from cleaning the shoe( )3. ___ have (has) think up a technology which can produce a hefty 10 watts of power.A. Some scientistsB. Tom Krupenkin and Ashley Taylor.C. A famous engineerD. Nobody( )4. Transferring the energy from a device in a foot to a phone in the hand is ___.A. slowB. popularC. difficultD. stupid( )5. The underlined word “this” refers to ___.A. a cableB. a shoeC. a wireless transmitterD. a hell。
金翅戏说英语阅读理解:黄沙百战,誓破楼兰先说点题外话。
之前有很多同学站内信或者回帖跟我说,让我写一个阅读方面的东西,可是我一直迟迟没有动笔。
首先,阅读不是一个帖子能说清楚的一件事情,阅读理解是英语底蕴与英语思维的积淀,关于考研阅读的书籍都很厚的一大本。
如果要是寄希望能在一个帖子里能说清楚,那必定是顾此失彼。
其次,关于阅读理解的做题方法,每个人都有每个人的模式了。
还有20天的时间,如果突然改变习惯的模式去适应新的方法,其结果很可能是邯郸学步。
最后,我觉得也是我一直没写的一个重要原因就是,得阅读者得英语,阅读所占分值之大,占比重之高是任何一个题型都没法比的。
如果为了凑成一个完整的系列,而随便应付一个帖子,那么遭天谴是小,误了各位的前程那罪过可就大了。
基于此,金翅看了很多经验贴、理论贴和技术贴,慎重的写下了这个帖子,希望对大家能有帮助。
如果有同学想知道,看不懂文章,单词一大片不认识的,单从看选项就能做对题的技巧,那么我先说您看错帖子了,赶紧ctrl+w一下,别浪费您宝贵的时间。
本帖不会介绍任何此类的技巧,因为金翅就是这类技巧的牺牲品,白白丢了很多分。
而金翅的一个同学因为这些所谓的阅读技巧,11年英语差一分,结果调剂到另一个学校了,与母校失之交臂。
不絮叨了,下边进入正文。
阅读概述在我们经历的各种英语考试中,阅读理解一直是拿分的大户、也是失分的大户。
阅读理解也是一直让我们说不清道不明的一个题型。
得阅读者得英语,有这样的说法,考研的成败很大一部分取决于考研英语,而考研英语的成败很大程度上取决于英语阅读的发挥。
这样我们就要把阅读提到一个不得不重视的位置。
本文摒弃传统的阅读讲解模式,力图用另一种思路、另一个角度对考研阅读理解有一个新的了解。
通过定量化的视角来对阅读理解进行解析,让同学们了解阅读理解究竟要考我们什么,我们又该如何应对这个陷阱。
我慢慢写,大家慢慢看。
很多辅导书把阅读题型分成十几种,这样太麻烦,我们也记不住。
这里我就把它分为两类,一种是宏观题,包括态度题、最佳标题题、主旨题。
其它的题型都是微观题。
金翅对各种辅导机构的阅读讲解持保留意见。
先贴一个辅导班的关于推断题的做题方法“立足主旨,忠于原文,只推一步”什么叫做只推一步?多大算一步?如果不能把这种虚无缥缈的法则,用定量化的标准描述出来,那永远都是纸上谈兵。
阅读的行文逻辑考研的阅读理解的文章一般都是从国外的期刊上摘抄下来的,像The Economist 《经济学家》、Newsweek 《新闻周刊》、Times《时代周刊》、Now York Times 《纽约时报》等。
这类文章大多都是议论文、说明文的文体。
这样我们非常有必要了解一下,一般议论文的行文结构,这样让我们对文章有了一个整体的把握,才能高瞻远瞩。
非常重要,建议大家认真看一下。
议论文分为两大类,立论文和驳论文。
考研阅读的议论文也逃不出这两大类。
立论文,就是作者提出一个观点,然后用他的实验和例子来论证他观点的正确性,这类文章主旨一般是在文章的开始就出现了,每一段的例子都是在为主旨所服务。
所以就算你某一段读不懂的话,尽量往主旨上边靠。
推荐大家看一下08年的第一篇《压力容易对女性健康造成消极影响》就是一篇典型的立论文。
第一段作者提出自己的观点,然后第二段作者用实验来证明这个观点,3~5段作者进一步对这个观点进行了解释说明,最后一段作者对女性朋友提出一些建议。
大家感没感觉这个结构我们很熟悉,是不是有点像我们大作文的三段式的经典结构?描述图片,解释图片,我们该怎么办。
所以说英语是共通的,用老马的话说,要用联系发展的观点去复习英语。
驳论文,就是先提出一个前人的观点,之后对这个观点进行反驳。
在反驳的过程中阐述自己的观点。
比如07年的第二篇《智商的思考》第一段引入一个例子,说这个人的智商测验成绩很高,但是对一个普通的问题却无力回答。
第二段提出自己的观点,智商不应该只是体现在智商测验上。
第三段讨论智商测试的种类标准等等。
第四段说智商测验的一些弊端。
这个是一篇典型的驳论文,反驳的是“我们通常认为的标准化的智商测验可以评价一个人的智商”这一个观点。
并且由此一一进行反驳。
也就是我们所说的破旧立新。
这样给我们的启示就是,我们在看到一篇文章开头提出一个观点,或者举出一个例子的时候,不要想当然的认为是作者的观点和例子。
他们有可能是作者所要批判的观点或者反例。
我们在之后读文章的时候要不断体会作者的意图,确定中心思想,也就是不要主观臆断。
论点论据论证说到议论文,我们就要讲一下议论文的三要素——论点、论据、论证。
论点是什么?论点就是文章要阐述的观点。
有可能是一枝独秀型,也可能是花开两朵型。
不管有几个论点,他们都是对立统一的。
而论点的位置可以在开头,也可以在中间,一般是在文章的开头。
因为你写一个文章也会这么写,我们看到图片中有一个火锅,里边有bulabula,这个火锅表明了中西方文化的融合,多元文化的发展。
然后你再进行论证是啵?最为典型的就是06年的第一篇,开篇第一句话就是文章的论点,“美国社会是一个同化的机器”后面几段对这个论点层层的论证。
论据是什么?论据就是证明论点的依据,可以是具体的例子、统计数字,也可以是名人名言、俗语谚语。
如08年第三篇,《美国人身高停止增长》通篇举了很多例子,列举了很多调查数字,而这些例子(不论是正例还是反例)和数字都是在为文章的主旨服务。
论证是什么?论证就是我们所说的立论与驳论。
他的论证方法分为举例论证、对比论证、比喻论证等等。
大家做了那么多真题,是否还记得?《海洋生物濒临灭绝》那篇文章,通过说史前陆地动物的灭绝,来说明海洋生物存在的危险。
在大家还有20天的时间里,可以这样分析几篇文章,按论点、论据、论证方法三个方面来分析,做到对文章的宏观把握。
三种错误原因在说做题方法之前,先说一下我们的错误在哪。
我们一般的错误原因有三种:主观臆断,以偏概全,偷换概念。
1.主观臆断:这是最常犯的错误,主要表现为用自己的常识、自己的理解去解题,不依照客观依据。
咱们政治复习也有一段时间了,不知道大家还记不记的一句话。
一切以时间、地点、条件为转移,具体问题具体分析,是马克思主义活的灵魂。
2.以偏概全:表现为断章取义,只见树木不见森林。
3.偷换概念:这是一个惯用的偷换逻辑的伎俩,混淆概念的修饰语、适用范围、所指对象。
大家最容易犯的就是主观臆断,总想当然的去做题。
英语阅读,我觉得最重要的就是跟着作者的思路走。
要让你的思路去顺应作者的思路,而不是让作者的思路顺着你的思路走。
在分析错题的时候也要按照这三方面来分析,到底是因为什么错的,是主观臆断,还是以偏概全,还是偷换概念。
分析出事哪种不是我们的根本目的,重要的是我们通过分析错误原因,来发现出题人习惯在哪里设计陷阱。
让我们可以刻意的去避免这些。
英美文化思维既然我们的文章是英美人写的,那么或多或少的会反映西方人的思维方法和观点。
我觉得有意要说一下常见的几种文化,美国人的思维。
这些常见的一种思维文化,都是在考研阅读中经常出现的。
如果想了解更多的英美文化,可以看看张奎武老师的《英美概况》这本书,可以对英国和美国的思维体系有个全面的了解。
1.经济乐观:虽然经济有些下降,收入很低,but“every cloud has sliver line”我们会看到“银色线”我们有信心复苏经济。
不管他说的多么悲观,结尾会说到积极一面。
你想一个《经济学人》上的文章,一直说美国经济下降的很多,很萧条,美国经济快完蛋了,我们快自谋生路吧。
这个不可能的,消极的文章结尾一定要转化为积极的信息,给公众以信心。
2.教育平等:教育问题也是考研文章中的一个重要主题。
3.鼓励创新:美国人因为从小就开始培养独立意识,个体我是最重要的,这样也就形成美国人的个人主义,形成美国人各具不同的张扬的性格,形成不同于中国人的开放性的思维方式。
中国人实事求是;美国人拥有创新精神。
中国人有扎实的理论基础,尤其是数学能力;美国人擅长独立研究,而且想得远,做得深。
中国人有很强的编程能力,有克服困难的毅力;美国人有热情,有主动性。
中国人讲纪律,讲服从,但心里有想法不直说;美国人直接了当地沟通,甚至批评和争论。
4.美国梦:只要经过努力不懈的奋斗便能获得更好的生活,亦即人们必须通过自己的勤奋、勇气、创意和决心迈向繁荣,而非依赖于特定的社会阶级和他人的援助。
两百年来,“美国梦”一直激励着世界各地的青年人来到这片土地创造自己的价值,美国也因此成为全球成功人士的摇篮。
5.生死由命:有些文章会美国医疗技术的发展,美国人的寿命是全世界最长的,他们可以决定自己什么时候死。
这个美国人对自己的医疗技术太自信了。
但是说这些医疗技术的根本目的是要说明,我们应该把生死看开一点,生死有命富贵在天,看淡生死的一种态度。
6.婴儿潮:历史上最著名的婴儿潮就是,第二次世界大战结束之后的婴儿潮,一般通称为战后婴儿潮。
在二战结束后触发了婴儿潮,一是由于远赴战场的男人解甲返乡,二是由于战后重建,工厂招工青睐有工作经验的中年女性,而年轻女性赋闲在家,可以安心育儿没有工作压力,在世界上大多数国家均有此现象。
而二战结束是1945年9月,那时出生的人,现在大约60~70岁之间,这就必然会引起养老问题,金融问题,老龄化问题,退休问题。
你看考研中很多问题都会或多或少提到这次婴儿潮。
做题方法我这里稍微分享一下我的做题方法,还是那句话,没有最好的方法,只有最适合自己的方法。
首先,我习惯是拿到一篇文章,先去看完第一段,因为第一段作者会引入主题或者就直接点明主旨了。
就算是驳论文,也会给你一个文章的大方向,要说什么东西。
第二步是去看题目,不仅读题干而且还要读ABCD四个选项。
我有这么一个感觉,就是只读题目,读完之后你也不知道他在说什么,读一下选项会获得更好的信息。
第三步是去看文章,看文章的过程中一定要把握住文章的主旨以及作者的态度。
这个你要是抓不住,基本上5道题要错3道以上了。
读文章的过程中要体会作者的态度变化,我觉得这个是最重要的,不要让你的思路牵着作者的思路走。
很多同学都喜欢主观臆断。
读文章的时候要缕清楚逻辑关系,尤其是because,but,however这类大的逻辑关系词,要自己读之后ud的句子,这些是抓住作者思路的重要提示。
第四步就该做题了,这里有一点,不管主旨题(mian idea 或者 best title)是第一题还是第五题,我们都拿到最后做。
因为你一旦把主旨题做了,你的思路就跟着你选择的主旨去走,太限制思路。
如果不小心把主旨选错了,那这五道题悲剧的可能性就很大了。
考研的题目和文章的顺序是一致的,可以跟句关键词(专有名词、数字之类的)来定位出处的位置,这些应该各种参考书上都有说明,这里就不多介绍了。
补充文档这个文档是搜集阅读材料的时候无意中发现的,感觉它里边对阅读的解析比较全面,有点长,有时间的同学可以看一下。