Criminal Law-刑法

汉谟拉比法典名词解释汉谟拉比法典是古巴比伦王国国王汉谟拉比于公元前18世纪中期编成的一部法律 codex 。

它是现存最早的完整法典，内容涵盖刑法、商法、财产法、婚姻法等各个方面。

下面是对一些重要名词在汉谟拉比法典中的解释：1. 法典 (Codex)：一种系统有序的书写风格，通常是法律文书的总称。

汉谟拉比法典是古代巴比伦时期的一部法律 codex。

2. 法律 (Law)：法律是一种由政府颁布并根据公众遵守的规则和准则。

汉谟拉比法律是古代巴比伦时期的法律文书。

3. 刑法(Criminal Law)：刑法是一种规范社会行为的法律领域，包括罪行和惩罚的定义和规定。

汉谟拉比法典包含了对各种犯罪行为以及相应刑罚的规定。

4. 商法 (Commercial Law)：商法是一种规范商业和商业交易的法律领域，包括合同法、商标法、专利法等。

汉谟拉比法典中涉及了各种商业交易的规定。

5. 财产法 (Property Law)：财产法是一种规范财产权和财产交易的法律领域，包括土地所有权、租赁、担保等。

汉谟拉比法典中规定了财产权和财产交易的相关规则。

6. 婚姻法 (Marriage Law)：婚姻法是一种规范婚姻关系和家庭关系的法律领域，包括离婚、婚姻财产、子女抚养等。

汉谟拉比法律对婚姻关系和家庭关系做出了一些规定和限制。

7. 罪行 (Crime)：罪行是违反法律规定的行为，需要承担相应法律责任。

汉谟拉比法典列举了许多罪行和相应的刑罚。

8. 刑罚 (Punishment)：刑罚是对犯罪行为的惩罚和制裁措施。

汉谟拉比法律规定了不同罪行所对应的刑罚，包括罚款、流放、鞭打等。

9. 合同法 (Contract Law)：合同法是一种规范合同订立、履行和违约的法律领域，包括合同的有效性、约定内容等。

汉谟拉比法典中涉及了合同订立和履行的一些规定。

10. 离婚 (Divorce)：离婚是夫妻解除婚姻关系的法律行为。

汉谟拉比法典中规定了一些离婚的条件和程序。

常见英语法律词汇汇总英语法律词汇的掌握对于专业律师、法律翻译和涉及法律领域的相关行业从业人员来说是非常重要的。

下面将详细介绍一些常见的英语法律词汇，以便大家更好地理解和运用。

1. Law - 法律Law refers to a system of rules and regulations that are created and enforced by a particular country or community.2. Legal - 法律的Legal pertains to anything related to the law or its requirements.3. Legislation - 立法Legislation refers to the process of creating new laws or modifying existing laws.4. Statute - 法规A statute is a written law that has been formally passed by a legislative body.5. Regulation - 规定A regulation is a rule or directive that is issued by an executive branch of government in order to implement a law.6. Act - 法案An act is a formal written record of a decision made by a legislative body. Acts can be used to create new laws or modify existing ones.7. Legal system - 法律体系A legal system is a framework of rules, institutions, and procedures within which disputes are resolved and laws are made and enforced.8. Court - 法院A court is a governmental body with authority to resolve legal disputes.Courts apply the law to make decisions and judgments.9. Judge - 法官A judge is a public official who presides over court proceedings and makes decisions based on the law.10. Jury - 陪审团A jury is a group of citizens who are chosen to hear evidence and decide the outcome of a trial.11. Defendant - 被告A defendant is a person or entity that is accused of committing a crime or is being sued in a civil case.12. Plaintiff - 原告A plaintiff is a person or entity that brings a lawsuit against another party in a civil case.13. Prosecutor - 检察官A prosecutor is a lawyer who represents the government in criminal cases and is responsible for presenting the case against the defendant.14. Attorney - 律师An attorney is a person who is qualified and licensed to practice law, and is responsible for providing legal advice and representation to clients.15. Evidence - 证据Evidence is any information or material that is presented in court to prove or disprove a fact or issue in a case.16. Testimony - 证词Testimony is the oral or written statement given by a witness under oath in a court proceeding.17. Contract - 合同A contract is a legally binding agreement between two or more parties that creates rights and obligations.18. Tort - 侵权行为A tort is a civil wrong that causes harm or loss to another person, and can result in a legal liability.19. Liability - 责任Liability refers to legal responsibility for one's actions or omissions that cause harm to others.20. Damages - 损害赔偿Damages are monetary compensation awarded by a court to a party who hassuffered harm or loss as a result of another's actions.21. Intellectual property - 知识产权Intellectual property refers to creations of the mind such as inventions, literary and artistic works, symbols, names, and designs that are protected by law.22. Copyright - 版权Copyright is a legal protection that gives the creator of an original work the exclusive right to reproduce, distribute, and display the work.23. Trademark - 商标A trademark is a distinctive sign or symbol that is used to identify and distinguish goods or services of one party from those of others.24. Patent - 专利A patent is a government grant that gives inventors the exclusive right to make, use, and sell their inventions for a limited period of time.25. Constitutional law - 宪法法律Constitutional law refers to the body of law that deals with theinterpretation and application of a country's constitution.26. Civil law - 民法Civil law refers to the body of law that governs private disputes between individuals or organizations.27. Criminal law - 刑法Criminal law refers to the body of law that deals with crimes and the punishment of those who commit them.28. International law - 国际法International law refers to the body of rules and principles that govern the relations between states and international organizations.29. Human rights - 人权Human rights are fundamental rights and freedoms that every individual is entitled to, regardless of their nationality, race, gender, or other characteristics.30. Constitutional rights - 宪法权利Constitutional rights are the rights and freedoms guaranteed to individuals by a country's constitution, which serve as the foundation for the legal protection of citizens.31. Due process - 正当程序Due process refers to the fair and impartial treatment of individuals within the legal system, ensuring that their rights are protected and upheld throughout legal proceedings.32. Legal precedent - 法律先例Legal precedent refers to a previously decided case that serves as a guiding principle or authority in subsequent similar cases, providing a basis forlegal interpretation and decision-making.33. Rule of law - 法治The rule of law is the principle that all individuals, including government officials, are subject to and equal before the law, ensuring accountability, fairness, and justice in society.34. Judicial review - 司法审查Judicial review is the power of a court to review and evaluate the constitutionality and legality of laws, regulations, and governmental actions.35. Legal counsel - 法律顾问Legal counsel refers to the advice and representation provided by a lawyer or legal professional to individuals, businesses, or organizations in legal matters.36. Legal ethics - 法律道德Legal ethics are the professional standards and principles that govern the conduct and behavior of lawyers, ensuring integrity, confidentiality, and loyalty to clients.37. Mediation - 调解Mediation is a form of alternative dispute resolution in which a neutral third party facilitates communication and negotiation between conflicting parties to help them reach a mutually acceptable agreement.38. Arbitration - 仲裁Arbitration is a method of resolving disputes outside of court, where aneutral third party, called an arbitrator, reviews the evidence and makes a binding decision.39. Legal research - 法律研究Legal research involves the systematic investigation and analysis of legal principles, statutes, regulations, and cases to support legal arguments and provide accurate legal advice.40. Legal writing - 法律写作Legal writing refers to the clear and concise communication of legal information, including legal opinions, contracts, briefs, and other legal documents, in a manner that is easily understood by the intended audience.41. Legal interpretation - 法律解释Legal interpretation is the process of analyzing and understanding the meaning and intention behind laws, statutes, and legal texts, in order to apply them accurately to specific cases or situations.42. Legal advocacy - 法律倡导Legal advocacy involves representing and defending the interests, rights, and positions of clients in legal proceedings, using persuasive arguments and evidence to support their case.43. Legal education - 法律教育Legal education encompasses the academic study and professional training of individuals aspiring to become lawyers or legal professionals, providing them with the necessary knowledge and skills to practice law.44. Legal system reform - 法律体系改革Legal system reform refers to efforts to improve and update a country's legal system, including its laws, institutions, and procedures, in order to enhance access to justice, efficiency, and fairness.45. Intellectual Property Rights - 知识产权Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) refer to the legal rights granted to individuals or organizations for their creative and innovative works, such as inventions, literary and artistic works, trademarks, and designs. These rights enable creators and innovators to have exclusive control over their creations and prevent others from unauthorized use or exploitation.46. Trade Secret - 商业秘密A trade secret is confidential business information that provides a competitive advantage to its owner. It can include formulas, processes, customer lists, and other valuable information that is not generally known or easily discoverable. Trade secrets are protected by law, and unauthorized acquisition, use, or disclosure of trade secrets can result in legal action.47. Infringement - 侵权Infringement refers to the unauthorized or unlawful use, reproduction, distribution, or display of copyrighted works, trademarks, or otherintellectual property without the permission of the rights holder. Infringement can result in legal consequences, including injunctions, damages, and penalties.48. Fair Use - 合理使用Fair use is a legal doctrine that allows limited use of copyrighted works without the permission of the rights holder, for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, or research. The determination of fair use depends on several factors, including the purpose and character of the use, the nature of the copyrighted work, the amount and substantiality used, and the effect on the potential market for the work.49. Legal Aid - 法律援助Legal aid refers to the provision of free or low-cost legal services to individuals who cannot afford to pay for legal representation. It ensures access to justice for marginalized and disadvantaged individuals and helps balance the scales of justice by providing equal opportunities for legal protection and representation.50. Pro Bono - 免费法律服务Pro bono refers to the provision of legal services voluntarily and without charge by lawyers or law firms to individuals or organizations in need. Pro bono work aims to promote equal access to justice and assist those who cannot afford legal representation.51. Legal Clinic - 法律诊所A legal clinic is a facility or program that provides legal assistance and advice to individuals, usually under the supervision of licensed attorneys or law professors. Legal clinics often serve as training grounds for law students to gain practical experience while offering free or low-cost legal services to underserved communities.52. Confidentiality - 保密Confidentiality is the ethical and legal duty to keep information shared by clients or obtained during the course of legal representation confidential. Lawyers are obligated to protect the privacy and confidentiality of their clients and can face disciplinary action if they disclose privileged or confidential information without authorization.53. Conflict of Interest - 利益冲突A conflict of interest arises when a person, such as a lawyer, has competing personal, professional, or financial interests that could compromise their objectivity, judgment, or loyalty to their client. Lawyers must avoidconflicts of interest and, if they arise, disclose them to the client and take appropriate measures to address them.54. Legal Precedent - 法律先例Legal precedent, also known as case law, refers to the past decisions of higher courts that establish binding legal principles and interpretation of the law. Lower courts are generally bound to follow the precedent set by higher courts unless there are compelling reasons to depart from it.55. Legal System Hierarchy - 法律体系层级Legal systems often have a hierarchical structure, with different levels of courts and judicial authorities. Generally, the hierarchy starts with trial courts or district courts at the lowest level, followed by appellate courts or high courts, and ultimately the highest court, such as a supreme court or constitutional court, which has the final authority to interpret and apply the law.56. Legal Dispute Resolution - 法律纠纷解决Legal dispute resolution refers to the methods and processes used to resolve conflicts and disputes between parties, including negotiation, mediation, arbitration, and litigation. Different dispute resolution mechanisms offer varying degrees of formality, cost, flexibility, and finality, allowingparties to choose the most suitable approach for their specific circumstances.57. Legal Liability - 法律责任Legal liability is the legal responsibility or obligation to compensate someone for harm or loss resulting from one's actions or omissions. It can arise from various areas of law, such as tort law, contract law, or criminallaw, and may involve civil or criminal liability depending on the nature of the offense.58. Legal Reform - 法律改革Legal reform refers to deliberate and systematic changes made to improve and update the legal system and its processes. Legal reform aims to address shortcomings, enhance access to justice, promote fairness and efficiency, and adapt the law to social, economic, and technological developments in order to better serve the needs of society.59. Legal Compliance - 法律合规Legal compliance refers to the adherence and conformity to applicable laws, regulations, and legal requirements. Individuals, businesses, and organizations must ensure that their activities and operations comply with the law to avoid legal penalties, reputational damage, and other adverse consequences.60. Legal Due Diligence - 法律尽职调查Legal due diligence involves the careful examination, investigation, and assessment of legal risks and obligations associated with a particular transaction, investment, or business activity. Legal due diligence aims to identify and mitigate potential legal issues, liabilities, or regulatory compliance problems that could impact the outcome or viability of the transaction or activity.以上是一些常见的英语法律词汇汇总，这些词汇的掌握对于从事法律领域工作的人员来说非常重要。

法硕刑法名词解释刑法是指规范国家对犯罪行为的惩治和预防的法律体系。

作为法学的重要分支，刑法涉及犯罪的定义、刑罚的种类和适用、犯罪的责任和过失、犯罪的构成要件等方面的规定。

1. 刑法（Criminal Law）：刑法是国家对犯罪行为进行管理和惩治的法律体系，包括犯罪的定义、犯罪构成要件、刑事责任、刑罚种类与量刑等内容。

2. 犯罪（Crime）：指违反刑法规定的行为，具有社会危害性，应当受到国家刑事法律的制裁。

3. 犯罪构成要件（Elements of a Crime）：指构成某一犯罪行为所必须具备的法定要件，例如故意、主观上的过错、客观上的违法行为等。

4. 故意犯罪（Intentional Crime）：指犯罪人有意实施某一犯罪行为，对其结果有所预见或者预料，并且主观上接受或者愿意接受该结果发生。

5. 过失犯罪（Criminal Negligence）：指犯罪人由于疏忽、疏漏等原因未能尽到应尽的注意义务，致使某一犯罪结果发生。

6. 刑事责任（Criminal Liability）：指犯罪行为人应当承担的法律责任，包括刑事处罚和刑事责任追究。

7. 刑罚（Punishment）：指国家对犯罪行为进行制裁的一种措施，包括剥夺自由、罚金、没收财产等。

8. 自由刑（Custodial Sentence）：指将犯罪人剥夺其人身自由的刑罚，包括有期徒刑和无期徒刑。

9. 有期徒刑（Fixed-term Imprisonment）：指对犯罪人判处一定刑期的刑罚。

刑期可以是数日、数月、数年或者十几年、几十年等。

10. 无期徒刑（Life Imprisonment）：指对犯罪人判处终身监禁的刑罚，一般用于极其严重的犯罪行为。

11. 缓刑（Suspended Sentence）：指对犯罪人的有期徒刑判决，可以暂缓执行，待缓刑期满后，如果犯罪人没有再犯罪行为，则可以免除刑罚。

12. 罚金（Fine）：指对犯罪人处以一定金额的金钱刑罚。

刑法学名词诠释大全一、罪责 (Culpability)罪责是刑法学中的一个重要概念，指的是犯罪行为所应承担的法律责任。

犯罪行为必须具备主观方面的过错和客观方面的违法特征，才能够成为刑法中的罪责。

罪责的主要目的是维护社会秩序，保护公共利益，以及对犯罪分子进行惩罚和教育。

二、犯罪 (Crime)犯罪是指违反刑法规定的行为，具备主观恶意和客观违法特征。

犯罪行为通常给社会和个人带来损害，并且与刑法的制裁相对应。

犯罪行为的界定和认定是刑法学研究的重要内容之一。

三、故意犯罪 (Intentional Crime)故意犯罪是指作为犯罪主体，在明知行为违法的情况下，故意实施的违法行为。

故意犯罪的特点是主观恶意十分明显，犯罪主体通常对其行为的后果有充分的预见和控制能力。

四、过失犯罪 (Criminal Negligence)过失犯罪是指犯罪主体在违法行为中虽然没有直接的故意，但是由于疏忽、失误或不当行为，导致他人受到损害或社会利益受到损害的行为。

过失犯罪的特点是主观方面的过错相对于故意犯罪较为轻微。

五、刑法 (Criminal Law)刑法是国家设立的一种法律体系，用于规范和约束社会成员的行为。

刑法的主要目的是保护社会秩序和公共利益，惩罚犯罪行为。

刑法主要包括对犯罪行为的界定、刑罚的设定和适用、以及刑事诉讼程序等内容。

六、法律责任 (Legal Liability)法律责任是指法律对违法行为所做出的制裁和追究。

法律责任可以包括刑法责任和民事责任等不同形式。

刑法责任是指违反刑法规定而面临的处罚和制裁，民事责任是指违反民法规定时需要承担的民事赔偿等责任。

七、量刑 (Sentencing)量刑是指在判决犯罪主体有罪后，根据刑法规定对其进行处罚和刑罚决定的过程。

量刑的目的是在依法惩罚犯罪行为的同时，考虑犯罪主体的社会危险性、犯罪的严重程度和犯罪主体的个人情况等因素，进行公正合理的刑罚决定。

八、违法行为 (Illegal Act)违法行为是指违反法律或法规的行为，行为主体通过实施违法行为而破坏了法律对社会秩序和公共利益的规范和保护。

CriminalLaw-刑法Text Homicide课文：杀人(罪)Homicide is the killing of one human being by another human being. Not all homicides are criminal, however, a person kills another in self-defense has committed no crime; it is justifiable homicide. The same is true of the police officer who kills a person to prevent the commission of a forcible felony, such as robbery or burglary, when the killing is a reasonable necessary preventive measure; or when the officer kills a dangerous felon in order to prevent his escape. Then, too, some killings are excusable homicide; for instance, where a person accidentally, and without gross negligence, causes the death of another individual.杀人（homicide）就是一个人杀掉另一个人。

但并非所有的杀人都是犯罪。

一个人处于自卫杀掉另外一个人就不是犯罪，而是正当的杀人。

在警察为了制止暴力性重罪，如抢劫或入室盗窃，杀人是一种合理而必需的制止措施的时候，或者警察为了防止危险的重罪犯逃跑而将其杀死，都是正当的。

而且某些杀人行为也是可以宽恕的，如一个人在意外而且没有重大疏忽的情况下导致他人的死亡。

华南理工大学网络教育学院《刑法学》试卷一一. 单项选择题（每题1分，共10分）1、对于累犯（）A、不适用缓刑B、不适用减刑C、不适用数罪并罚D、不适用剥夺政治权利2、共同犯罪是指（）A、二人以上共同犯罪B、二人以上共同故意犯罪C、三人以上团伙犯罪D、三人以上聚众犯罪3．中国国家工作人员和军人在国外犯罪（）A．如所犯之罪最低法定刑为3年以上有期徒刑的，可以适用中国刑法 B．如所犯之罪在国外已经受过刑罚处罚的，则不应再追究C．只要没有超过我国刑法规定的追诉期限，一律都应追究D．一般不追究，但危害国家安全的犯罪除外4、法定最高刑为10年有期徒刑的犯罪，其追诉期限为（）A、10年B、15年C、20年D、25年5．间歇性精神病人在精神正常的时候犯罪（）A．可以不负刑事责任 B．应当负刑事责任C．可以从轻、减轻或者免除处罚D．可以负刑事责任，但应当从轻或减轻处罚6、下列各罪中，法定最高刑为3年以下有期徒刑的有（）A、枉法裁判罪B、抢夺罪C、破坏选举罪D、组织卖淫罪7．犯罪未遂是指：已着手实施犯罪，但（）A．犯罪未达目的 B．未发生危害结果C．由于犯罪分子意志以外的原因而未得逞D．犯罪过程没有完成8、我国刑法在溯及力方面采用的原则是（）A、从旧原则B、从新原则C、从旧兼从轻原则D、从新兼从轻原则9、对于中止犯（）A、可以从轻、减轻或免除处罚B、应当从轻、减轻或免除处罚C、应当不处罚D、没有造成损害的，应当免除处罚，造成损害的，应当减轻处罚10．拘役的期限是（）A．1个月以上1年以下，数罪并罚不超过2年B．3个月以上2年以下，数罪并罚不超过3年C．2个月以上3年以下，数罪并罚不超过4年D．1个月以上6个月以下，数罪并罚不超过1年二. 不定向选择题(下列各题中可能有1个或多个选项是正确的，将正确的选项填在括号中，多选或少选均不得分。

每题3分, 共30分)1，具备法律效力的刑法解释有（）A、立法解释B、学理解释C、司法解释D、当然解释2，故意犯罪可分为（）A、直接故意B、间接故意C、共同故意D、临时起意3，判处死刑缓期两年执行的罪犯（）A、2年期满后再执行死刑B、缓期2年期间如无故意犯罪，则2年期满后减为无期徒刑C、缓期2年期间如无故意犯罪且有重大立功表现，则两年期满后减为15年以上20年以下有期徒刑D、缓期2年期间如果故意犯罪，则应执行死刑，但须经最高人民法院核准4，附加剥夺政治权利的刑期（）A、从主刑执行之日起开始计算B、从徒刑、拘役执行完毕或者从假释之日起开始计算C、从羁押之日起开始计算D、如果是判处管制附加剥夺政治权利的，则剥夺政治权利的期限和管制的期限相等，同时执行5，下列哪些犯罪人不得假释 ( )A、累犯B、因杀人、爆炸、抢劫、强奸、绑架等暴力性犯罪被判处10年以上有期徒刑、无期徒刑的人C、犯危害国家安全罪的人D、判处的主刑是管制、拘役的犯罪人6，国家工作人员的下列行为，哪种构成贪污罪 ( )A、集体私分国有资产B、私分罚没财物C、帐外暗中收回扣D、利用职务之便窃取国家财产7，对组织、领导犯罪集团的首要分子 ( )A、按其所参与的犯罪进行处罚B、按其在共同犯罪中的作用处罚C、按其组织、指挥的全部犯罪进行处罚D、按照集团所犯的全部罪行处罚8，下列各罪属身份犯的有 ( )A、传播性病罪B、破坏军婚罪C、伪证罪D、虐待被监管人罪9，收买被拐卖的妇女又强行与之发生性关系 ( )A、应按强奸罪定罪处罚B、应按收买被拐卖的妇女罪定罪处罚C、应按强奸罪和收买被拐卖的妇女罪定罪处罚D、应从一重罪从重处罚10，对于教唆犯 ( )A、教唆不满18周岁的人犯罪的，应当从重处罚B、教唆不满14周岁的人犯罪的，应当加重处罚C、应当按照其在共同犯罪中的作用处罚D、如果被教唆的人没有犯被教唆的罪，可以从轻或减轻处罚三、简答题(简要回答下列问题，每题7分，共35分)1.简述我国刑法中国家工作人员的概念2.简述我国刑法中公共财产的概念3.简述重伤的概念4.简述罪责刑相适应原则5.简述抢劫罪和敲诈勒索罪的异同四、案例分析(共25分)1、歹徒A、B、C三人晚上潜入汪某家。