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·句式的变换和选择·句式的变换和选择一、主动句与被动句的变换、选择在动词性谓语句中，主语是施动者，即动作的发出者旬子是主动句；主语是受动者，即动作的接受者，这种句子年被动句。
一个主谓句，既有施动者，又有受动者，可以按照表达的需要，或者选用主动句，或者选用被动句。
下面情况常用被动句：①为了强调被动者，而主动者不需要、或不愿、或元从说出；②为了使句式整齐；③表示特定的感情。
二、肯定句和否定句的变换、选择同一个意思，可以从正面去表达，也可以从反面去表达。
从正面表达意思的，是肯定句；从反面去表达相同的意思的，是否定句。
正因为肯定句与否定句可以表达相同的意思，所以可以根据表达的需要变换句式，双重否定是肯定语气，三重否定是否定语气。
三、陈述句和反问句的变换、选择反同句比陈述句更肯定有力，往往既能强调，又能表达强烈的感情。
把下面一个反问句改写成陈述句。
难道你就不想到白杨树的朴质、严肃、坚强不屈，至少也象征北方的农民？应改成：“你一定会想到，白杨树的朴质、严肃、坚强不屈，至少也象征了北方农民。
”把下面一个陈述句改写成反问句。
每一个具有共产主义风格的人，都应该像松树一样不管在怎样恶劣的环境下，都能茁壮地生长，顽强地工作，永不屈服于恶劣环境。
应改成：“每一个具有共产主义风格的人，难道不是（按：不能改成（难道都不”）应该像松树一样，……永不屈服于恶劣环境吗？”四、长短句的变换、选择长短句只是就单句说的。
单句结构复杂，字数多。
容量大，那就是长句，否则是短句。
至于复句，不管它分句多少，字数多少，容量大小，只要是构成复句的某些单句都短，那么这个复句就可以说用了短句。
短句短小精悍，干脆利落，生动明快，活泼有力，节奏性强。
它能简明扼要地叙述事实，生动地表现人物，反映事物的迅速变化，表达作者紧张、激越的情绪或坚决肯定的语气。
长句能使表达严密、精确、细致，使条理贯通，气势磅礴。
政治论文和科学论文，文学作品中描写自然景色或人的心理状态、思想变化的句子多用长句。
任务驱动型作文专题三——巧用句式显文采学习目标：了解、积累高考作文中常用的句式，能将所掌握的句式灵活运用到作文中。
有文采：1、锤炼词语，遣词贴切。
2、参差错落，句式灵活。
3、善用修辞，增加神韵。
4、镶嵌名句，意味深长。
二、读一读、评一评判断下列两段文字孰优孰劣，并说出理由。
1、和谐，首先要达到人与自然的和谐。
新加坡就是一个典型的例子。
新加坡土地不是很多，但人们特别注重尊重自然，爱护自然，他们借助自然阳光，发展了世界著名的旅游业，他们不允许随地吐痰，对破坏自然的现象要进行惩罚。
他们才是真正的达到了人与自然的和谐。
2、和谐，是人与自然相互尊重的理性之花。
当我们看到新加坡的沙滩纯净美丽，当我们看到新加坡的街道干净漂亮，当我们听到总理李光耀说——“新加坡只有阳光就够了”，你的心中想到了什么？那肯定是最简单的两个字：和谐。
为何他们对自然这样的尊重？为何碧绿的草地萦绕在人们的身边？为何“不许随地吐痰”成为了普通人的自觉行动？只有对自然尊重，才会有人与自然的真正和谐。
三、灵活运用句式的方法（一）整散句结合整句形式整齐，韵律和谐，节奏鲜明，气势贯通；散句结构相异，长短不一，自由活泼，富于变化。
常用的整句包括：1、__________例1：忆往昔，峥嵘岁月稠。
我与新世纪中国同行成长的十八载，亲历了数不胜数的喜事：神七、墨子飞天，书写了一篇篇动人佳话；北京奥运，彰显了大国崛起的气魄；“村村通”“精准扶贫”的有力实行，关注了民生之需、民生之求；上合峰会、博鳌论坛，更是展示了我们宽广的胸襟。
前辈们兢兢业业、克难奋进，才得以让我们新一代挺起脊梁，脸上挂着无限荣光。
（2018全国1卷《时代求索，荣扬国威》第二段）2、__________________例2：今天，18岁的我，正在为你书写我的时代。
今年，你也18岁，正在阅读我封存的文字。
（2018全国1卷教研室张华老师《青春舞动时代》开头）例3：以梦为马，怀科技、民生、民族之梦，无惧前途风雨险阻。
英语写作中的句式选择,结合平时练习和所学短语及语法运用，总结如下:一、改变时态例:The bell is ringing now. 一般There goes the bell.特殊二、改变语态例: People suggest that the conference be put off.一般It is suggested that the conference be put off.特殊三、使用不定式例: He is so kind that he can help me.一般He is so kind as to help me. 特殊四、使用过去分词例: 1 She walked out of the lab and many students followed her.一般Followed by many students, she walked out of the lab.特殊2 Once it is seen, it can never be forgotten.一般Once seen, it can never be forgotten. 特殊五、使用v- ing1 When he arrives，please give me an e-mail．一般On arriving /his arrival ,please give me an e-mail.特殊2 If the weather permits ,I will come tomorrow.一般I will come tomorrow, weather permitting. .特殊六、使用名词性从句1.It disappointed everybody thathe didn’t turn up.一般The fact that he did n’t turn updisappointed everybody.特殊2.I happened to have met him.一般It happened that I had met him. 特殊3.To his surprise, the little girl knows so many things.一般What surprises him is that the little girl knows so many things. 特殊七、使用定语从句例; The girl is spoken highly of. Her composition was well written.一般The girl whose composition was well written is spoken highly of. 特殊八、使用状语从句1.I won‘t believe what he says.一般No matter what he says, I won‘t believe.特殊2.If you come back before six o'clock, you can go out.一般You can go out on condition that you come back before six o'clock. 特殊3 If she doesn’t agree, what shall we do? 一般Supposing that she doesn’t agree, what shell we do ?特殊九、使用虚拟语气例: The ship didn't sink with all on board because there were the efforts of the captain.一般But for the efforts of the captain ,the ship would have sunk with all on board.特殊十、使用倒装句型例：Though I'm weak I'll make the effort.一般Weak as I am, I'll make the effort.特殊一.开头句型1.As far as ...is concerned2.It goes without saying that...3.It can be said with certainty that...4.As the proverb says，5.It has to be noticed that...6.It`s generally recognized that...7.It`s likely that ...8.It`s hardly that...9.It’s hardly too much to say that...10.What calls for special attention is that...需要特别注意的是11.There’s no denying the fact that...毫无疑问，无可否认12.Nothing is more important than the fact that...13.what’s far more important is that...二.衔接句型A case in point is ...As is often the case...As stated in the previous paragraph 如前段所述But the problem is not so simple. Therefore 然而问题并非如此简单，所以……But it’s a pity that...For all that...In spite of the fact that...Further, we hold opinion that...However , the difficulty lies in...Similarly, we should pay attention to...not(that)...but(that)...不是，而是In view of the present station.鉴于目前形势As has been mentioned above...In this respect, we may as well (say) 从这个角度上我们可以说However, we have to look at the other side of the coin, that is... 然而我们还得看到事物的另一方面，即…三.结尾句型I will conclude by saying...Therefore, we have the reason to believe that...All things considered,总而言之It may be safely said that...Therefore, in my opinion, it’s more advisable...From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that….The data/statistics/figures lead us to the conclusion that….It can be concluded from the discussion that...从中我们可以得出这样的结论From my point of view, it would be better if...在我看来……也许更好四.举例句型Let’s take...to illustrate this.试举例以兹证明let’s take the above chart as an example toillustrate this.Here is one more example.Take …for example.The same is true of….This offers a typical instance of….We may quote a common example of….Just think of….五.常用于引言段的句型1. Some people think that …. To be frank, I can not agree with their opinion for the reasons below.2. For years, …has been seen as …, but things are quite different now.3. I believe the title statement is valid because….4. I cannot entirely agree with the idea that …. I believe….5. My argument for this view goes as follows.6. Along with the development of…, more and more….7. There is a long-running debate as to whether….8. It is commonly/generally/widely/ believed /held/accepted/recognized that….9. As far as I am concerned, I completely agree with the former/ the latter.10. Before giving my opinion, I think it is essential to look at the argument of both sides.六表示比较和对比的常用句型和表达法1. A is completely / totally / entirely different from B.2. A and B are different in some/every way / respect / aspect.3. A and B differ in….4. A differs from B in….5. The difference between A and B is/lies in/exists in….6. Compared with/In contrast to/Unlike A, B….7. A…, on the other hand,/in contrast,/while/whereas B….8. While it is generally believed that A …, I believe B….9. Despite their similarities, A and B are also different.10. Both A and B …. However, A…; on the other hand, B….11. The most striking difference is that A…, while B….七演绎法常用的句型1．There are several reasons for…, but in general, they come down to three major ones.2．There are many factors that may account for…, but the following are the most typical ones.3．Many ways can contribute to solving this problem, but the following ones may be most effective.4．Generally, the advantages can be listed as follows.5．The reasons are as follows.八因果推理法常用句型1. Because/Since we read the book, we have learned a lot.2. If we read the book, we would learn a lot.3. We read the book; as a result / therefore / thus / hence / consequently / for this reason / because of this, we’ve learned a lot.4. As a result of /Because of/Due to/Owing to reading the book, we’ve learned a lot.5. The cause of/reason for/overweight is eating too much.6. Overweight is caused by/due to/because of eating too much.7. The effect/consequence/result of eating too much is overweight.8. Eating too much causes/results in/leads to overweight.。
高考语文——句式的选用(一)句式的选用的特点和要求1.特点一致——选用的句式要与题干语句在语意、结构上保持一致。
协调——选用的句式要与题干语句在语境、语气上协调融洽。
【特别提醒】选用句式所涉及的知识包括对语境的把握、语气的辨别、汉语常用习惯的了解等，做题时除了审清题干的要求外，对于题干所给语句的内容与形式方面进行深入细致的分析极其重要。
2.要求（二）句式的选用常见的两种题型1.效果判断题例如：下面句子中，表达效果最佳的一组是（）①车前草生长在古代的路上。
那时，无论路上行走的是官车、私车，马车、人力车，婚车、刑车、战车，车前，都有你，碧绿的，柔韧的，打着春天的手势。
②车前草生长在古代的路上。
那时，无论路上行走的是官车、私车，马车、人力车，婚车、刑车、战车，车前，都有碧绿的、柔韧的你，打着春天的手势。
③每逢深秋时节，置身山顶，俯瞰槐榆丹枫，松竹山茶，色彩绚丽，美景尽览。
④每逢深秋时节，置身山顶俯瞰，槐榆丹枫，松竹山茶，色彩绚丽，美景尽览。
A.①③B.②④C.①④D.②③这类题是对不同句式的表达效果进行比较和判断，进而选出表达效果最佳的一项。
此题为效果判断型句式选用题。
【答案：C】2.语境选用题例如：下列各项中最适合填在横线上的一项是（）中国人对小说的欣赏习惯，讲究的是无巧不成书，____也就是不喜欢一般化，而喜欢特殊化。
A.爱看不知道的事情，而不爱看已经清楚知道了的事情。
B.爱看新鲜的事情，而不爱看已经清楚知道了的事情。
C.不爱看已经清楚知道了的事情，而爱看不知道的事情。
D.不爱看陈旧的事情，而爱看新鲜的事情。
这类题按照或明或暗的语意要求选择句式，所选句式正好适合所给出的语境，上下衔接，语意连贯。
这类选用句式题称为语境型句式选用题。
【答案：C】一.典型例题根据语意，填入空白处最恰当的一项是（）余光中在接受采访时说：“一位作家笔下，如果只能驱遣白话文，那么他的文笔就只有一个‘平面’。
如果他的‘文笔’里也有文言的墨水，在紧要关头，例如要求简洁、对仗、铿锵、隆重等等，就能召之即来，文言的功力可济白话的松散和浅露。
句式的选择
1.长句
鲁迅是在文化战线上，代表全民族的大多数，向着敌人冲锋陷阵的最正确、最勇敢、最坚决、最忠实、最热忱的空前的民族英雄。
2.短句
小草偷偷地从土里钻出来，嫩嫩的，绿绿的。
园子里，田野里，瞧去，一大片一大片满是的。
坐着，躺着，打两个滚，踢几脚球，赛几趟跑，捉几回迷藏。
风轻悄悄的，草软绵绵的。
3.整句
希望是附丽于存在的，有存在，便有希望，有希望，便是光明。
4.散句
你看，你看，这不是又一批新砍的毛竹滑下山来了吗？这些青翠的竹子，沿着细长的滑道，穿云钻雾，呼啸而来。
5.主动句
清华大学录取他了。
6.被动句
衣服被淋湿了。
7.肯定句
现在本科招生每年5%的增长速度是比较理性的。
8.否定句
像MBA这样的专业学历招生并不是面向大学应届毕业生的。
9.口语句式
南坡庄上穷人多，地里的南瓜豆角常有人偷，雇着看庄稼的也不抵事，各人的东西还得各人操心。
10.书面语句式
我想三五月明之夜，疏影横斜，暗香浮动，梅花映月，月笼梅花，漫山遍野都是晶莹朗澈，真可谓玉山照夜哩。
