2019MBA备考 历年英语二作文真题解析

2019 年MBA/MPA 考研英语（二）真题及答案Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank andmark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Weighing yourself regularly is a wonderful way to stay aware of any significant weight fluctuations. 1 ,when done too often, this habit can sometimes hurt more than it 2 .As for me, weighing myself every day caused me to shift my focus from being generally healthy and physically active to focusing 3 on the scale. That was bad to my overall fitness goals. I had gained weight in the form of muscle mass, but thinking only of 4 the number on the scale, I altered my training program. That conflicted with how I needed to train to 5 my goals.I also found that weighing myself daily did not provide an accurate 6 of the hard work and progress I was making in the gym. It takes about three weeks to a month to notice any significant changes in your weight 7 altering your training program. The most 8 changes will be observed in skill level,strength and inches lostFor these 9 , I stopped weighing myself every day and switched to a bimonthly weighing schedule 10 . Since weight loss is not my goal, it is less important for meto_ 11 _ my weight each week. Weighing every other week allows me to observe and 12 any significant weight changes. That tells me whether I need to 13 my training program.I use my bimonthly weigh-in 14 to get information about my nutrition as well. If my training intensity remains the same, but I'm constantly 15 and dropping weight, this is a 16 that I need to increase my daily caloric intake.The 17 to stop weighing myself every day has done wonders for my overall health, fitness and well-being. I'm experiencing increased zeal for working out since I no longer carry the burden of a 18 morning weigh-in. I've also experienced greater success in achieving my specific fitness goals, 19 I'm training according to those goals, not the numbers on a scale.Rather than 20 over the scale, turn your focus to how you look, feel how your clothes fit and your overall energy level.1. [A] Besides [B] Therefore [C]Otherwise [D] However2. [A] helps [B]cares [C]warns [D] reduces3. [A] initially [B] solely [C] occasionally [D] formally4. [A] recording [B] lowering [C] explaining [D] accepting5. [A] modify [B] set [C]review [D] reach6. [A] definition [B] depiction [C] distribution [D] prediction7. [A] due to [B]regardless of [C] aside from [D] alongwith8. [A] orderly [B] rigid [C] precise [D] immediate9. [A] claims [B]judgments [C] reasons [D] methods10. [A] instead [B]though [C]again [D]indeed 11. [A]report [B] share [C] share [D] share12. [A] depend on [B]approve of [C]hold onto [D]account for13. [A] prepare [B]share [C]share [D] share14. [A] results [B]features [C]rules [D]tests15. [A] bored [B]anxious [C]hungry [D] sick16. [A] principle [B]secret [C]belief [D]sign17. [A] request [B]necessity [C]decision [D]wish18. [A] disappointing [B]surprising [C]restricting [D]consuming11. [A] if because [B]unless [C]until [D]consuming12. [A] obsessing [B]dominating [C]puzzling [D]triumphing1-20 参考答案：CDAAC ADCBD ACBDB CBDADSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1Unlike so-called basic emotions such as sadness, fear, and anger, guilt emerges a littlelater, in conjunction with a child ’s growing grasp of social and moral norms. Children aren born knowing how to say “I ’s m o r r y”r a; ther, they learn over time that such statementsappease parents and friends -- and their own consciences. This is why researchers generallyregard so-called moral guilt, in the right amount, to be a good thing.In the popular imagination, of course, guilt still gets a bad rap. It is deeply uncomfortable-- it's the emotional equivalent of wearing a jacket weighted with stones. Yetthis understanding is outdated. “There has been a kind of revival or a rethinking about what guilt is and what role guilt can serve, ”says Amrisha Vaiashp,sychology researcherat the University of Virginia, adding that this revival is part of a larger recognition that emotionsaren ’t binar-y- feelings that may be advantageous in one context may be harmful in another. Jealousy and anger, for example, may have evolved to alert us to important inequalities. Toomuch happiness can be destructive.And quilt , by prompting us to think more deeply about our goodness,can encourage humans to make up for errors and fix relationships. Guilt, in other words, can help hold a cooperative species together. It is a kind of social glue.Viewed in this light, guilt is an opportunity. Work by Tina Malti , a psychology professorat the University of Toronto ,suggests that guilt may compensate for an emotional deficiency.In a number of studies, Malti and others have shown that guilt and sympathy may representdifferent pathways to cooperation and sharing. Some Kids who are low in sympathy maymake up for that shortfall by experiencing more guilt, which can rein in their nastier impulses.And vice versa : High sympathy can substitute for low guilt.In a 2014 study, for example, Malti looked at 244 children. Using caregiver assessmentsand the children ’-osbsseelrfvations, she rated each child ’s overall sympathy level and his orher tendency to feel negative emotions after moral transgressions. Then the kids were handed chocolate coins, and given a chance to share them with an anonymous child. For thelow-sympathy kids, how much they shared appeared to turn on how inclined they were to feel guilty. The guilt- prone ones share more, even though they hadn’m t agically become more sympathetic to the other child ’s deprivation.“That ’s good news, ”Malti says, “We can be prosocial b e c a u s a e r m w e a c n a d u w s e d hfeel regret. ”13. Researchers think that guilt can be a good thing because it may help _______.A. regulate a child ’s basic emotionsB. improve a child ’s intellectual abilityC.foster a child ’s moral developmentD. intensify a child ’s f e p e o l s i n i t g i v s e14. According to Paragraph 2, many people still consider guilt to be _______.2A. deceptiveB. burdensomeC. addictiveD. inexcusable15. Vaish holds that the rethinking about guilt comes from an awareness that _______.16.A. emotions are context-independent B. emotions are socially constructiveC. emotional stability can benefit healthD. an emotion can play opposing roles17. Malti and others have shown that cooperation and sharing _______.18.A. may help correct emotional deficiencies B. can result from eithersympathy or guilt C. can bring about emotional satisfactionD. may be the outcome of impulsive acts19. The word “transgressions ”(Line 4, Para. 5) is closest in meaning to _______. A.teachingsB. discussionsC. restrictionsD. wrongdoings21-25参考答案：CBDBDText 2Forests give us shade, quiet and one of the harder callenges in the fight against climate change. Even as we humans count on forests to soak up a good share of the carbon dioxide we produce, we are threatening their ability to do so.The climate change we are hastening could one day leave us with forests that emit more carbon than they absorb.Thankfully, there is a way out of this trap - but it involves striking a subtle balance. Helping forests flourish as valuable "carbon sinks" long into the future may require reducing their capacity to absorb carbon now. Califormia is leading the way, as it does on so many climate efforts, in figuring out the details.The state's proposed Forest Carbon Plan aims to double efforts to thin out young trees and clear brush in parts of the forest. This temporarily lowers carbon-carrying capacity. Butthe remaining trees draw a greater share of the available moisture, so they grow and thrive, restoring the forest's capacity to pull carbon from the air. Healthy trees are also better able to fend off insects. The landscape is rendered less easily burnable. Even in the event of a fire, fewer trees are consumed.The need for such planning is increasingly urgent. Already, since 2010,drought and insects have killed over 100 million trees in California, most of them in 2016 alone, and wildfires have burned hundreds of thousands of acres.California plans to treat 35,000 acres of forest a year by 2020, and 60,000 by 2030 - financed from the proceeds of the state' s emissions- permit auctions. That's only a small share of the total acreage that could benefit, about half a million acres in all, so it will be vital to prioritize areas at greatest risk of fire or drought.The strategy also aims to ensure that carbon in woody material removed from the forests is locked away in the form of solid lumber or burned as biofuel in vehicles that would otherwise run on fossil fuels. New research on transportation biofuels is already under way.State governments are well accustomed to managing forests, but traditionally they've focused on wildlife, watersheds and opportunities for recreation. Only recently have they come to see the vital part forests will have to play in storing carbon. Califormia's plan, which3is expected to be finalized by the governor next year, should serve as a model.26. By saying “one of the harder challenges , ”the author implies that_________.A. global climate change may get out of controlB. people may misunderstand global warmingC. extreme weather conditions may ariseD.forests may become a potential threat27. To maintain forests as valuable “carbon sinks," we may need to__________. A.preserve the diversity of species in themB. accelerate the growth of young treesC. strike a balance among different plantsD. lower their present carbon-absorbing capacity28. California's Forest Carbon Plan endeavors to_______.29.A. cultivate more drought-resistant treesB. reduce the density of some of its forestsC. find more effective ways to kill insectsD.restore its forests quickly after wildfires30.What is essential to California's plan according to Paragraph 5?31.A. To handle the areas in serious danger first.B. To carry it out before the year of 2020.C. To perfect the emissions-permit auctions.D. To obtain enough financial support.32. The author's attitude to California's plan can best be described as________.33.A. ambiguousB. tolerantC. supportiveD. cautious26-30参考答案：DDBACText 3American farmers have been complaining of labor shortages for several years now.Given a multi-year decline in illegal immigration, and a similarly sustained pickup in the U.S.job market, the complaints are unlikely to stop without an overhaul of immigration rules forfarm workers.Efforts to create a more straightforward agricultural-workers visa that would enableforeign workers to stay longer in the U.S. and change jobs within the industry have so farfailed in Congress. If this doesn ’t change, American businesses, communities and consumers will be the losers.Perhaps half of U.S. farm laborers are undocumented immigrants. As fewer such workersenter the U.S., the characteristics of the agricultural workforce are changing. Today’fsarmlaborers, while still predominantly born in Mexico, are more likely to be settled, rather thanmigrating, and more likely to be married than single. They are also aging. At the start of thiscentury, about one-third of crop workers were over the age of 35. Now, more than half are.And crop picking is hard on older bodies.One oft-debated cure for this labor shortage remainsas implausible as it has been all along: Native U.S. workers won ’t be returning to the fa Mechanization is not the answer either—not yet at least. Production of corn, cotton, rice, soybeans and wheat have been largely mechanized, but many high-value, labor-intensivecrops, such as strawberries, need labor. Even dairy farms, where robots currently do only asmall share of milking, have a long way to go before they are automated.As a result, farms have grown increasingly reliant on temporary guest workers using the4H-2A visa to fill the gaps in the agricultural workforce. Starting around 2012, requests for the visas rose sharply; from 2011 to 2016 the number of visas issued more than doubled.The H-2A visa has no numerical cap, unlike the H-2B visa for nonagricultural work, which is limited to 66,000 annually. Even so, employers frequently complain that they aren allotted all the workers they need. The process is cumbersome, expensive and unreliable. One survey found that bureaucratic delays led H-2A workers to arrive on the job an average of 22 days late. And the shortage is compounded by federal immigration raids, which remove some workers and drive others underground.In a 2012 survey ，71 percent of tree-fruit growers and nearly 80 percent of raisin and berry growers said they were short of labor. Some western growers have responded by moving operations to Mexico. From 1998-2000, 14.5 percent of the fruit Americans consumed was imported. Little more than a decade later, the share of imported fruit had increased to 25.8 percent.In effect, the U.S. can import food or it can import the workers who pick it.20.What problem should be addressed according to the first two paragraphs?21.A.Discrimination against foreign workers in the U.S.B.Biased laws in favor of some American businesses.C.Flaws in U.S. immigration rules for farm workers.D.Decline of job opportunities in U.S. agriculture.22. One trouble with U.S. agricultural workforce is_______.23.A.the rising number of illegal immigrantsB.the high mobility of crop workersC.the lack of experienced laborersD.the aging of immigrant farm workers24. What is the much-argued solution to the labor shortage in U.S. farming?25.A. To attract younger laborers to farm work.B. To get native U.S. workers back to farming.C. To use more robots to grow high-valuecrops.D. To strengthen financial support for farmers.26. Agricultural employers complain about theH-2A visa for its ___.27.A. slow granting procedures B. limit onduration of stay C. tightened requirementsD. control of annual admissions28.Which of the following could be the best title for this text?29.A. U.S. Agriculture in Decline?B. Import Food or Labor?C. America Saved by Mexico?D. Manpower vs. Automation?31-35参考答案：CDBABText 4Amold Schwarzenegger, Dia Mirza and Adrian Grenier have a message for you: It's easy to beat plastic. They're part of a bunch of celebrities starring in a new video for World Environment Day —encouraging you, the consumer, to swap out your single-use plastic staples like straws and cutlery to combat the plastics crisis.The key messages that have been put together for World Environment Day do include a call for governments to enact legislation to curb single-use plastics. But the overarchingmessage is directed at individuals.My concern with leaving it up to the individual, however, is our limited sense of what needs to be achieved. On their own, taking our own bags to the grocery store or quitting plastic straws, for example, will accomplish little and require very little of us. They could even be detrimental, satisfying a need to have "done our bit" without ever progressing onto bigger, bolder, more effective actions— a kind of "moral licensing" that allays our concerns and stops us doing more and asking more of those in charge.While the conversation around our environment and our responsibility toward it remains centered on shopping bags and straws, we're ignoring the balance of power that implies that as "consumers" we must shop sustainably, rather than as "citizens" hold our governments and industries to account to push for real systemic change.It's important to acknowledge that the environment isn't everyone's priority –or even most people's. We shouldn't expect it to be. In her latest book, Why Good People Do Bad Environmental Things, Wellesley College professor Elizabeth R. DeSombre argues that the best way to collectively change the behavior of large numbers of people is for the change tobe structural.This might mean implementing policy such as a plastic tax that adds a cost to environmentally problematic action, or banning single-use plastics altogether. India has just announced it will "eliminate all single-use plastic in the country by 2022." There are also incentive-based ways of making better environmental choices easier, such as ensuring recycling is at least as easy as trash disposal.DeSombre isn't saying people should stop caring about the environment. It's just that individual actions are too slow, she says, for that to be the only, or even primary, approach to changing widespread behavior.None of this is about writing off the individual. It's just about putting things into perspective. We don't have time to wait. We need progressive policies that shape collective action (and rein in polluting businesses), alongside engaged citizens pushing for change.36. Some celebrities star in a new video toA. demand new laws on the use of plasticsB. urge consumers to cut the use of plastics37.C. invite public opinion on the plasticscrisis38.D. disclose the causes of the plasticscrisis39. The author is concerned that “moral licensing ”may A.mislead us into doing worthless things B. prevent us from makingfurther efforts C. weaken our sense of accomplishmentD. suppress our desire for success40. By pointing out our identity as “citizens, ”,the author indicates that41.A: our focus should be shifted to community welfare42.B: our relationship with local industries is improving43.C: We have been actively exercising our civil rights44.D: We should press our government to lead the combat45. DeSombre argues that the best way for a collective change should be46.A: a win-win arrangement B: a self-driven mechanism C: a cost-effectiveapproachD: a top down process47. The author concludes that individual efforts6A: can be too aggressiveB: can be too inconsistentC: are far from sufficientD: are far from rational36-40参考答案：AACCBPart BDirections:You are going to read a list of headings and a text. Choose the most suitable headingfrom the list A-G for each numbered paragraph (41-45). Mark your answers on theANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Five ways to make conversation with anyoneIn choosing a new home, Camille McClain ’s kids have a single demand: a backyard.McClain ’s little ones aren ’t the only kids who have an opinion when h i t o c u o s m i n e g s,toand in many cases youngsters v’i ews weigh heavily on parents ’r eal estate decisions, according to a 2018 Harris Poll survey of more than 2,000 U.S. adults.While more families buck an older-generation proclivity to leave kids in the dark aboutreal estate decisions, realty agents and psychologists have mixed views about the financial, personal and long-term effects kids ’ opinions may have.The idea of involving children in a big decision is a great idea because it can help themfeel a senseof control and ownership in what can be an overwhelming process, said Ryan Hooper, a clinical psychologist in Chicago.“Children may face serious difficulties in coping with significant moves, especially if itremoves them from their current school or support ssytem, ” he said.Greg Jaroszewski, a real estate brokers with Gagliardo Realty Associates, said heconvinced that kids should be involved in selecting a home --- but their opinions should be considered in regards to proximity to friends and social activities, if possible.Younger children should feel like they ’rcehoosing their home --- without actuallygetting a choice in the matter, said Adam Bailey, a real estate attorney based in New York.Asking them questions about what they like about the backyard of a potential home willmake them feel like they ’re being included in t h e-m d e a c k i s i n i o g n p r o c e s s,Bailey said.Many of the aspects of homebuying aren ’a t consideration for children, said Tracey Hampson, a real estate agent based in Santa Clarita, Calif. And placing too much emphasis ontheir opinions can ruin a fantastic home purchase.“Speakingwith your children before you make a real estate decision is wise, but Iwouldn ’t base the purchasing decision solely on their opinions. ” Hampson said.The other issue is that many children - especially older ones - may base their real estate knowledge on HGTV shows, said Aaron Norris of The Norris Group in Riverside ,Calif .“They love Chip and Joanna Gaines just as much as the rest of us, ” he said. “seriously changed how people view real estate. It ’n s o t shelter , it ’a s l ifestyle. With thatmindset change come some serious money consequences. ”Kids tend to get stuck in the features and the immediate benefits to them personally,Norris said.Parents need to remind their children that their needs and desires may change over time,said Julie Gurner, a real estate analyst with .“Theiropinions can change tomorrow, ”G urner said. “Harshas it may be to say, thatdecision should likely not be made contingent on a child ’s opinions, but rather made for them with great consideration into what home can meet their needs best - and give them an opportunity to customize it a bit and make it their own. ”This advice is more relevant now than ever before, even as more parents want to embrace the ideas of their children, despite the current housing crunch.A. remarks that significant moves may pose challenges to children.A. remarks that significant moves may pose challenges to children.30. RyanHooperB. says that it is wise to leave kids in the dark about real estate decisions.31. Adam C. advises that home purchases should not be based only on children's32.Bailey opinions.33. Tracey Hampson D. thinks that children should be given a sense of involvement in homebuying decisions.34. Aaron E. notes that aspectslike children's friends and social activities should be35.Norris considered upon homebuying.36. Julie F. believes that homebuying decisions should be based on children's needs37.Gurner rather than their opinions.G. assumes that many children's views on real estate are influenced by themedia.41-45参考答案：ADCGFSection III Translation46.Directions:Translate the following text into Chinese. Write your translation neatly on theANSWER SHEET. (15 points)It is easy to underestimate English writer James Heriot. He had such a pleasant, readablestyle that one might think that anyone could imitate it. How many times have I heard peoplesay "I could write a book. I just haven't the time." Easily said. Not so easily done. JamesHerriot, contrary to popular opinion, did not find it easy in his early days of, as he putit, “having a go at the writing game ”. While he obviously had an abundance of natural talent, the final, polished work that he gave to the world was the result of years of practising.re-writing and reading. Like the majority of authors, he had to suffer many disappointmentsand rejections along the way, but these made him all the more determined to succeed. Everything he achieved in life was earned the hard way and his success in the literary fieldwas no exception.46参考答案：【全文翻译】我们很容易低估英国作家吉米·哈利。

2019考研英语⼆真题⼤作⽂解析版今天的2019考研英语⼆真题的⼤作⽂题⽬仍旧是图线作⽂，属于柱形图。

我们来分析⼀下题⽬要求：Directions: Write an essay based on the following chart. In your essay you should interpret the chart and give your comments.You should write about 150 words nearly on the Answer Sheet.(15 points)⾸先，我们要仔细审题，这幅柱形图中明显显⽰了⾼校2013年到2018年的毕业后的选择去向，有⼤多数的同学选择就业，最⼩部分的同学选择创业。

但是另外我们也要看到升学的学⽣数量有上升趋势，就业的学⽣数量略有下降的趋势。

然后我们要构思⾃⼰的思路，还是采⽤我们熟知的三段式，⾸段我们要描述柱形图。

突出特点。

中间段我们要解释现象背后的原因，我们可以从学⽣⾃⾝和社会⼤环境进⾏多维度分析，这样思路才会打开。

最后⼀段，我们要写出建议和未来的⽣活的期望。

具体我们看⼀下下⾯的范⽂。

This bar chart above looks into the choices that concern graduates most when they settle down after schooling. With the staggering economy, most graduates choose to find a job after they leave school, even though there is a decline of about 8 percentage in 2018, comparing that in 2013. The least part of them choose to establish their own business after graduation, with 1.3 percentage in 2013 and 2.6 percentage in 2018. As to the students who ask for further study, it accounts for 26.3 percentage in 2013 and 34 percentage in 2018. Besides, we can see from the chart that more students choose to continue to study instead of working after education，comparing those in 2013.展开全⽂译⽂：以上的柱形图分析了⾼校毕业⽣在毕业后的选择。

2019考研英语二大小作文真题解析今年考研英语二大作文与2018年相比，基本上难度没有太大变化，相对略微降低！小编为大家提供2019考研英语二大小作文真题解析，一起来看看吧！2019考研英语二大作文真题解析2019年考研英语二大作文与2018年相比，基本上难度没有太大变化，相对略微降低。

本文将对2019年考研英语二大作文部分内容详细解析。

真题如下：由图可见，2019年考研英语二的大作文与2011年一样，回归了传统的动态图表考察，并且出现了三个描述对象，相对于2018年真题，语言与单词的描述难度有所降低。

无论哪类型的作文，对图表内容能做出合格的描述，并且保证图表内容与文章的主题相吻合，仍然是2019年考研英语二图表作文考察的重点。

本文将从审题、正文、评分要点三个角度解析2019年考研英语二的大作文。

一、审题2019年考研英语二大作文的考察了动态图表，在图表中出现了三个分项做描述对象，但是与历年动态图真题不一致的地方在于，本次动态图的横轴上并没有出现时间轴，而是三个分项的名称，与之相反的是，两个不同的时间2013年和2018年出现在了右侧分项的位置上，考生在读题的时候要特别谨慎，避免将这两个信息写反。

二、正文部分今年出题人在大作文题干里给出的内容要求没有任何变化：1、描述图表内容;2、揭示并分析文章主题;3、给出个人评价。

所以大作文的内容和结构规划不变，仍分割为三段，按部就班进行。

文章的首段为描图段，即阅卷中最关注的环节，由于图表的不确定性，该环节最能体现考生的真实英语水平，考生需尽量保证单词和语法正确率，特别是两个人说的话，不能出现转述中的语法错误。

同时还要出现一定的语言亮点且尽量避免重复，另外还需要图表描述在内容上能反映主题，并与文章第二段自然衔接。

作文第二段作用是揭示并分析文章主题。

图表相对于图画内容，话题比较简单，可以在第二段直接分析该现象的原因即可，在内容上出题人对考生的发挥并没有严格的限制，紧扣主题，言之成理即可。

2019年MBA/MPA考研英语（二）真题及答案Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Weighing yourself regularly is a wonderful way to stay aware of any significant weight fluctuations. 1 ,when done too often, this habit can sometimes hurt more than it 2 .As for me, weighing myself every day caused me to shift my focus from being generally healthy and physically active to focusing 3 on the scale. That was bad to my overall fitness goals. I had gained weight in the form of muscle mass, but thinking only of 4 the number on the scale, I altered my training program. That conflicted with how I needed to train to 5 my goals.I also found that weighing myself daily did not provide an accurate 6 of the hard work and progress I was making in the gym. It takes about three weeks to a month to notice any significant changes in your weight 7 altering your training program. The most 8 changes will be observed in skill level,strength and inches lostFor these 9 , I stopped weighing myself every day and switched to a bimonthly weighing schedule 10 . Since weight loss is not my goal, it is less important for meto_ 11 _ my weight each week. Weighing every other week allows me to observe and 12 any significant weight changes. That tells me whether I need to 13 my training program.I use my bimonthly weigh-in 14 to get information about my nutrition as well. If my training intensity remains the same, but I'm constantly 15 and dropping weight, this is a 16 that I need to increase my daily caloric intake.The 17 to stop weighing myself every day has done wonders for my overall health, fitness and well-being. I'm experiencing increased zeal for working out since I no longer carry the burden of a 18 morning weigh-in. I've also experienced greater success in achieving my specific fitness goals, 19 I'm training according to those goals, not the numbers on a scale.Rather than 20 over the scale, turn your focus to how you look, feel how your clothes fit and your overall energy level.1. [A] Besides [B] Therefore [C]Otherwise [D] However2. [A] helps [B]cares [C]warns [D] reduces3. [A] initially [B] solely [C] occasionally [D] formally4. [A] recording [B] lowering [C] explaining [D] accepting5. [A] modify [B] set [C]review [D] reach6. [A] definition [B] depiction [C] distribution [D] prediction7. [A] due to [B]regardless of [C] aside from [D] along with8. [A] orderly [B] rigid [C] precise [D] immediate9. [A] claims [B]judgments [C] reasons [D] methods10. [A] instead [B]though [C]again [D]indeed11. [A] report [B] share [C] share [D] share12. [A] depend on [B]approve of [C]hold onto [D]account for13. [A] prepare [B]share [C]share [D] share14. [A] results [B]features [C]rules [D]tests15. [A] bored [B]anxious [C]hungry [D] sick16. [A] principle [B]secret [C]belief [D]sign17. [A] request [B]necessity [C]decision [D]wish18. [A] disappointing [B]surprising [C]restricting [D]consuming19. [A] if because [B]unless [C]until [D]consuming20. [A] obsessing [B]dominating [C]puzzling [D]triumphing1-20参考答案：CDAAC ADCBD ACBDB CBDADSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1Unlike so-called basic emotions such as sadness, fear, and anger, guilt emerges a little later, in conjunction with a child’s growing grasp of social and moral norms. Children aren’t born knowing how to say “I’m sorry”; rather, they learn over time that such statements appease parents and friends -- and their own consciences. This is why researchers generally regard so-called moral guilt, in the right amount, to be a good thing.In the popular imagination, of course, guilt still gets a bad rap. It is deeply uncomfortable-- it's the emotional equivalent of wearing a jacket weighted with stones. Yet this understanding is outdated. “There has been a kind of revival or a rethinking about what guilt is and what role g uilt can serve,” says Amrisha Vaish, a psychology researcher at the University of Virginia, adding that this revival is part of a larger recognition that emotions aren’t binary -- feelings that may be advantageous in one context may be harmful in another. Jealousy and anger, for example, may have evolved to alert us to important inequalities. Too much happiness can be destructive.And quilt , by prompting us to think more deeply about our goodness, can encourage humans to make up for errors and fix relationships. Guilt, in other words, can help hold a cooperative species together. It is a kind of social glue.Viewed in this light, guilt is an opportunity. Work by Tina Malti , a psychology professor at the University of Toronto ,suggests that guilt may compensate for an emotional deficiency. In a number of studies, Malti and others have shown that guilt and sympathy may represent different pathways to cooperation and sharing. Some Kids who are low in sympathy may make up for that shortfall by experiencing more guilt, which can rein in their nastier impulses. And vice versa : High sympathy can substitute for low guilt.In a 2014 study, for example, Malti looked at 244 children. Using caregiver assessments and the children’s self-observations, she rated each chil d’s overall sympathy level and his or her tendency to feel negative emotions after moral transgressions. Then the kids were handed chocolate coins, and given a chance to share them with an anonymous child. For the low-sympathy kids, how much they shared appeared to turn on how inclined they were to feel guilty. The guilt-prone ones share more, even though they hadn’t magically become more sympathetic to the other child’s deprivation.“That’s good news,” Malti says, “We can be prosocial because we caused har m and we feel regret.”21. Researchers think that guilt can be a good thing because it may help _______.A. regulate a child’s basic emotionsB. improve a child’s intellectual abilityC. foster a child’s moral developmentD. intensify a child’s positive fe elings22. According to Paragraph 2, many people still consider guilt to be _______.A. deceptiveB. burdensomeC. addictiveD. inexcusable23. Vaish holds that the rethinking about guilt comes from an awareness that _______.A. emotions are context-independentB. emotions are socially constructiveC. emotional stability can benefit healthD. an emotion can play opposing roles24. Malti and others have shown that cooperation and sharing _______.A. may help correct emotional deficienciesB. can result from either sympathy or guiltC. can bring about emotional satisfactionD. may be the outcome of impulsive acts25. The word “transgressions” (Line 4, Para. 5) is closest in meaning to _______.A. teachingsB. discussionsC. restrictionsD. wrongdoings21-25参考答案：CBDBDText 2Forests give us shade, quiet and one of the harder callenges in the fight against climate change. Even as we humans count on forests to soak up a good share of the carbon dioxide we produce, we are threatening their ability to do so.The climate change we are hastening could one day leave us with forests that emit more carbon than they absorb.Thankfully, there is a way out of this trap - but it involves striking a subtle balance. Helping forests flourish as valuable "carbon sinks" long into the future may require reducing their capacity to absorb carbon now. Califormia is leading the way, as it does on so many climate efforts, in figuring out the details.The state's proposed Forest Carbon Plan aims to double efforts to thin out young trees and clear brush in parts of the forest. This temporarily lowers carbon-carrying capacity. But the remaining trees draw a greater share of the available moisture, so they grow and thrive, restoring the forest's capacity to pull carbon from the air. Healthy trees are also better able to fend off insects. The landscape is rendered less easily burnable. Even in the event of a fire, fewer trees are consumed.The need for such planning is increasingly urgent. Already, since 2010,drought and insects have killed over 100 million trees in California, most of them in 2016 alone, and wildfires have burned hundreds of thousands of acres.California plans to treat 35,000 acres of forest a year by 2020, and 60,000 by 2030 - financed from the proceeds of the state' s emissions- permit auctions. That's only a small share of the total acreage that could benefit, about half a million acres in all, so it will be vital to prioritize areas at greatest risk of fire or drought.The strategy also aims to ensure that carbon in woody material removed from the forests is locked away in the form of solid lumber or burned as biofuel in vehicles that would otherwise run on fossil fuels. New research on transportation biofuels is already under way.State governments are well accustomed to managing forests, but traditionally they've focused on wildlife, watersheds and opportunities for recreation. Only recently have they come to see the vital part forests will have to play in storing carbon. Califormia's plan, which is expected to be finalized by the governor next year, should serve as a model.26. By saying “one of the harder challenges ,”the author implies that_________.A. global climate change may get out of controlB. people may misunderstand global warmingC. extreme weather conditions may ariseD. forests may become a potential threat27. To maintain forests as valuable “carbon sinks," we may need to__________.A. preserve the diversity of species in themB. accelerate the growth of young treesC. strike a balance among different plantsD. lower their present carbon-absorbing capacity28. California's Forest Carbon Plan endeavors to_______.A. cultivate more drought-resistant treesB. reduce the density of some of its forestsC. find more effective ways to kill insectsD. restore its forests quickly after wildfires29.What is essential to California's plan according to Paragraph 5?A. To handle the areas in serious danger first.B. To carry it out before the year of 2020.C. To perfect the emissions-permit auctions.D. To obtain enough financial support.30. The author's attitude to California's plan can best be described as________.A. ambiguousB. tolerantC. supportiveD. cautious26-30参考答案：DDBACText 3American farmers have been complaining of labor shortages for several years now. Given a multi-year decline in illegal immigration, and a similarly sustained pickup in the U.S. job market, the complaints are unlikely to stop without an overhaul of immigration rules for farm workers.Efforts to create a more straightforward agricultural-workers visa that would enable foreign workers to stay longer in the U.S. and change jobs within the industry have so far failed in Congress. If this doesn’t change, American businesses, communities and consumers will be the losers.Perhaps half of U.S. farm laborers are undocumented immigrants. As fewer such workers enter the U.S., the characteristics of the agricultural workforce are changing. Today’s farm laborers, while still predominantly born in Mexico, are more likely to be settled, rather than migrating, and more likely to be married than single. They are also aging. At the start of this century, about one-third of crop workers were over the age of 35. Now, more than half are. And crop picking is hard on older bodies.One oft-debated cure for this labor shortage remains as implausible as it has been all along: Native U.S. workers won’t be returning to the farm.Mechanization is not the answer either — not yet at least. Production of corn, cotton, rice, soybeans and wheat have been largely mechanized, but many high-value, labor-intensive crops, such as strawberries, need labor. Even dairy farms, where robots currently do only a small share of milking, have a long way to go before they are automated.As a result, farms have grown increasingly reliant on temporary guest workers using the H-2A visa to fill the gaps in the agricultural workforce. Starting around 2012, requests for the visas rose sharply; from 2011 to 2016 the number of visas issued more than doubled.The H-2A visa has no numerical cap, unlike the H-2B visa for nonagricultural work, which is limited to 66,000 annually. Even so, employers frequently complain that they aren’t allotted all the workers they need. The process is cumbersome, expensive and unreliable. One survey found that bureaucratic delays led H-2A workers to arrive on the job an average of 22days late. And the shortage is compounded by federal immigration raids, which remove some workers and drive others underground.In a 2012 survey ，71 percent of tree-fruit growers and nearly 80 percent of raisin and berry growers said they were short of labor. Some western growers have responded by moving operations to Mexico. From 1998-2000, 14.5 percent of the fruit Americans consumed was imported. Little more than a decade later, the share of imported fruit had increased to 25.8 percent.In effect, the U.S. can import food or it can import the workers who pick it.31.What problem should be addressed according to the first two paragraphs?A.Discrimination against foreign workers in the U.S.B.Biased laws in favor of some American businesses.C.Flaws in U.S. immigration rules for farm workers.D. Decline of job opportunities in U.S. agriculture.32. One trouble with U.S. agricultural workforce is_______.A.the rising number of illegal immigrantsB.the high mobility of crop workersC.the lack of experienced laborersD.the aging of immigrant farm workers33. What is the much-argued solution to the labor shortage in U.S. farming?A. To attract younger laborers to farm work.B. To get native U.S. workers back to farming.C. To use more robots to grow high-value crops.D. To strengthen financial support for farmers.34. Agricultural employers complain about the H-2A visa for its ___.A. slow granting proceduresB. limit on duration of stayC. tightened requirementsD. control of annual admissions35.Which of the following could be the best title for this text?A. U.S. Agriculture in Decline?B. Import Food or Labor?C. America Saved by Mexico?D. Manpower vs. Automation?31-35参考答案：CDBABText 4Amold Schwarzenegger, Dia Mirza and Adrian Grenier have a message for you: It's easy to beat plastic. They're part of a bunch of celebrities starring in a new video for World Environment Day —encouraging you, the consumer, to swap out your single-use plastic staples like straws and cutlery to combat the plastics crisis.The key messages that have been put together for World Environment Day do include a call for governments to enact legislation to curb single-use plastics. But the overarching message is directed at individuals.My concern with leaving it up to the individual, however, is our limited sense of what needs to be achieved. On their own, taking our own bags to the grocery store or quitting plastic straws, for example, will accomplish little and require very little of us. They could even be detrimental, satisfying a need to have "done our bit" without ever progressing onto bigger, bolder, more effective actions — a kind of "moral licensing" that allays our concerns and stops us doing more and asking more of those in charge.While the conversation around our environment and our responsibility toward it remains centered on shopping bags and straws, we're ignoring the balance of power that implies that as "consumers" we must shop sustainably, rather than as "citizens" hold our governments and industries to account to push for real systemic change.It's important to acknowledge that the environment isn't everyone's priority –or even most people's. We shouldn't expect it to be. In her latest book, Why Good People Do Bad Environmental Things, Wellesley College professor Elizabeth R. DeSombre argues that the best way to collectively change the behavior of large numbers of people is for the change to be structural.This might mean implementing policy such as a plastic tax that adds a cost to environmentally problematic action, or banning single-use plastics altogether. India has just announced it will "eliminate all single-use plastic in the country by 2022." There are also incentive-based ways of making better environmental choices easier, such as ensuring recycling is at least as easy as trash disposal.DeSombre isn't saying people should stop caring about the environment. It's just that individual actions are too slow, she says, for that to be the only, or even primary, approach to changing widespread behavior.None of this is about writing off the individual. It's just about putting things into perspective. We don't have time to wait. We need progressive policies that shape collective action (and rein in polluting businesses), alongside engaged citizens pushing for change.36. Some celebrities star in a new video toA. demand new laws on the use of plasticsB. urge consumers to cut the use of plasticsC. invite public opinion on the plastics crisisD. disclose the causes of the plastics crisis37. The author is concerned that “moral licensing” mayA. mislead us into doing worthless thingsB. prevent us from making further effortsC. weaken our sense of accomplishmentD. suppress our desire for success38. By pointing out our identity as “citizens,”,the author indicates thatA: our focus should be shifted to community welfareB: our relationship with local industries is improvingC: We have been actively exercising our civil rightsD: We should press our government to lead the combat39. DeSombre argues that the best way for a collective change should beA: a win-win arrangementB: a self-driven mechanismC: a cost-effective approachD: a top down process40. The author concludes that individual effortsA: can be too aggressiveB: can be too inconsistentC: are far from sufficientD: are far from rational36-40参考答案：AACCBPart BDirections:You are going to read a list of headings and a text. Choose the most suitable headingfrom the list A-G for each numbered paragraph (41-45). Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Five ways to make conversation with anyoneIn choosing a new home, Camille McClain’s kids have a single demand: a backyard.McClain’s little ones aren’t the only kids who have an opinion when it comes to h ousing, and in many cases youngsters’ views weigh heavily on parents’ real estate decisions, according to a 2018 Harris Poll survey of more than 2,000 U.S. adults.While more families buck an older-generation proclivity to leave kids in the dark about real estate decisions, realty agents and psychologists have mixed views about the financial, personal and long-term effects kids’ opinions may have.The idea of involving children in a big decision is a great idea because it can help them feel a sense of control and ownership in what can be an overwhelming process, said Ryan Hooper, a clinical psychologist in Chicago.“Children may face serious difficulties in coping with significant moves, especially if it removes them from their current school or support syst em,” he said.Greg Jaroszewski, a real estate brokers with Gagliardo Realty Associates, said he’s not convinced that kids should be involved in selecting a home --- but their opinions should be considered in regards to proximity to friends and social activities, if possible.Younger children should feel like they’re choosing their home --- without actually getting a choice in the matter, said Adam Bailey, a real estate attorney based in New York.Asking them questions about what they like about the backyard of a potential home will make them feel like they’re being included in the decision-making process, Bailey said.Many of the aspects of homebuying aren’t a consideration for children, said Tracey Hampson, a real estate agent based in Santa Clarita, Calif. And placing too much emphasis on their opinions can ruin a fantastic home purchase.“Speaking with your children before you make a real estate decision is wise, but I wouldn’t base the purchasing decision solely on their opinions.” Hampson said.The other issue is that many children - especially older ones - may base their real estate knowledge on HGTV shows, said Aaron Norris of The Norris Group in Riverside ,Calif .“They love Chip and Joanna Gaines just as much as the rest of us,” he said. “HGTV has ser iously changed how people view real estate. It’s not shelter , it’s a lifestyle. With that mindset change come some serious money consequences.”Kids tend to get stuck in the features and the immediate benefits to them personally, Norris said.Parents need to remind their children that their needs and desires may change over time, said Julie Gurner, a real estate analyst with .“Their opinions can change tomorrow,” Gurner said. “Harsh as it may be to say, that decision should likely not be made contingent on a child’s opinions, but rather made for them with great consideration into what home can meet their needs best - and give them an opportunity to customize it a bit and make it their own.”This advice is more relevant now than ever before, even as more parents want to embrace the ideas of their children, despite the current housing crunch.41-45参考答案：ADCGFSection III Translation46.Directions:Translate the following text into Chinese. Write your translation neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)It is easy to underestimate English writer James Heriot. He had such a pleasant, readable style that one might think that anyone could imitate it. How many times have I heard people say "I could write a book. I just haven't the time." Easily said. Not so easily done. James Herriot, contrary to popular opinion, did not find it easy in his early days of, as he put it,“having a go at the writing game”. While he obviously had an abundance of natural talent, the final, polished work that he gave to the world was the result of years of practising. re-writing and reading. Like the majority of authors, he had to suffer many disappointments and rejections along the way, but these made him all the more determined to succeed. Everything he achieved in life was earned the hard way and his success in the literary field was no exception.46参考答案：【全文翻译】我们很容易低估英国作家吉米·哈利。

2019年管理类专业硕士学位联考英语真题及答案SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmark,orDonANSWERSHEET.(10p oints) Weighingyourselfregularlyisawonderfulwaytostayawareofanysignificantweightfluctuations.1,wh endonetoooften,thishabitcansometimeshurtmorethanit2.Asforme,weighingmyselfeverydaycausedmetoshiftmyfocusfrombeinggenerallyhealthyandphysically activetofocusing3onthescale.Thatwasbadtomyoverallfitnessgoals.Ihadgainedweightintheformofm usclemass,butthinkingonlyof4thenumberonthescale,Ialteredmytrainingprogram.That conflictedwithhowIneededtotrainto5mygoals.Ialsofoundweighingmyselfdailydidnotprovideanaccu rate6ofthehardworkandprogressIwasmakinginthegym.Ittakesaboutthreeweekstoamonthtonoticesign ificantchangesinweight7alteringyourtrainingprogram.Themost8changeswillbeobservedinskilllev el,strengthandincheslost.Forthese9,Istoppedweighingmyselfeverydayandswitchedtoabimonthlyweighingschedule10.Sinceweightlossisnotmygoal, itislessimportantformeto11myweighteachweek.Weighingeveryotherweekallowsmetoobserveand12anysignificantweightchanges.ThattellsmewhetherIneed to13mytrainingprogram.Ialsousemybimonthlyweigh-in14togetinformationaboutmynutri tionaswell.Ifmytrainingintensityremainsthesame,butI’mconsta ntly15anddroppingweight,thisisa16thatIneedtoincreasemydailycaloricintake.The17tostopweighingmyselfeverydayhasdonewondersformyoverallhealth,fitnessandwell-being.IamexperiencingincreasedzealforworkingoutsinceInolongercarrytheburdenofa18morningwei i’vealsoexperienc greatersuccessigh-n.I ed nachievingmyspecificfitnessgoals ,19I’mtrainingaccording tothosegoals,insteadofnumbersonascale.Ratherthan20overthescale,turnyourfocustohowyoulook,feel,howyourclothesfitandyouroveral lenergylevel.1.2.A.cares3.4.5.6.7.of from with to8.9.10.11.12.of onto for on13.14.15.16.17.18.19.20.SectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingbeloweachpassagebychoosing fourA,B,passages.Cor D.AnswertheMarkyourquestionsanswersonANSWERSHEET.(40points)Text1Unlikeso-calledbasicemotionssuchassadness,fear,andanger,guilt emerges a little later, in conjunction with a child’sgrowinggraspofsocialandmoralnorms.Childrenaren’tbornknowinghowtosay“I’msorry”;rather,theylearnovertimethat suchstatementsappeaseparentsandfriends–andtheirownconsciences.Thisiswhyresearchersgenerallyregardso-calledmoralguilt,intherightamount,tobeagoodthing.Inthepopularimagination,ofcourse,guiltstillgetsabadrap.I tis deeplyuncomfortable—it’stheemotionalequivalentofwear ingjacketweightedwithstones.Yetthisunderstandingisoutdated.“Therehasbeenakindofrevival rarethinkingaboutw hatguilt sandwhatroleguiltcanserve,”saysAmrishVaish,addi ngthatthisrevivalispartof alargerrecognitionthatemot ionsaren’tbinary—feelingsthatmaybeadvantageousinonecontextmaybeharmfulin another.Jealousyandanger,forexample,mayhav eevolvedtoalertustoimportantinequalities.Toomuchhappiness(thinkmania)canbedestructi ve.A ndguilt,bypromptingustothinkmoredeeplyaboutourgoodne ss,canencouragehumanstomakeupforerrorsandfixrelation ships.Guilt,inotherwords,canhelphold acooperativespeciestogether.Itisakindofsocialgl ue.Vie wed nthislight,guiltisanopportunity.WorkbyTinaMalt i,psychologyprofessorattheUniversityofToronto,sugg eststhatguilt maycompensatefor anemotionaldeficiency.Inanumbe rofstudies,Maltiandothershaveshownthatguiltandsympathymayrepresentdifferentpathwaystocooperationan dshar ing.Somekidswhoarelowinsympathymaymakeupforthatshortfallbyexperiencing moreguilt,whichcanreinintheirnastierimpulses.Andv iceversa:Highsympathycansubstituteforlowguilt.Ina2014study,forexample,Maltiandacolleaguelookedat244children,ages4,8,ingcaregiverassessmentsandthechildren’sself-observations,theyratedeach child’soverallsympat hylevel andhisorhertendencytofeelnegativeemotions( likeguiltandsadness)aftermoraltransgressions.Thenthekidswerehandedstickersandchocolatecoins,andgivenachancetosharethemwith ananonymouschild. For the low-sympathy kids, howmuch they shared appeared to turn on how inclined they were to feelguilty. Theguilt-prone ones shared more, eventhoughtheyhadn ’t magicallybecomemoresympathetictotheother child’sdeprivation.“That’sgoodnews,”Maltisays.“Wecanbeprosocialbecause ofourempatheticproclivity,orbecausewecausedharmandwefeelregret. ”21.Researchersthinkthatguiltcanbeagoodthingbecauseitmayhelp.A.regulateachild’sbasicemotionsB.improveach ild ’sintellectual abilityC.intensifyachild’spositive feelingsD.fosterachild’smoraldevelopment22.AccordingtoParagraph2,manypeoplestillguilttobe .A.deceptiveB.addictive C.burdensomeD.inexcusable23.Vaishholdsthattherethinkingaboutguiltcomesfromanawarenessthat. anemotioncanplayopposingroles emotionsaresociallyconstructive emotionalstabilitycanbenefithealthemotionsarecontext-independent24.Maltiandothershaveshownthatcooperationandsharing . mayhelpcorrectemotionaldeficiencies canbringaboutemotionalsatisfaction canresultfromeithersympathyorguiltA.maybetheoutcomeofimpulsiveacts25.The word“transgressions”(line4para5)isclosestinmeaning .A .wr ong doings B.discussions C.restrictions D.teachingstoText2Forestsgiveusshade,quietandoneoftheharderchallengesinthe fight against climate change. Even as we humanscount on foreststosoakupagoodshareofthecarbondioxideweproduce,weare threatening their ability to doso. The climate changeweare hasteningcouldonedayleaveuswithforeststhatemitmorecarbon thantheyabsorb.Thank fully,thereis awayoutofthistrap--butitinvo lvesstriking asubtlebalance.Helpingforestsflourishasvalu able"carbonsinks"longintothefuturemayrequirereducingtheircapacitytosequestercarbonnow.Californiaisleadingtheway,asitdoesonsomanyclimateefforts,infiguringoutthedetails.T he state’sproposedForestCarbonPlanaimstodoubleeffortst o thinoutyoungtreesandclearbrush npartsoftheforest.T histemporarilylowers carbon-carryingcapacity.Buttheremainingt reesdrawgreatershareoftheavailablemoisture,sotheygrowandthrive,restoringtheforest'scapacitytopullcarbonfr omthea ir.Healthytreesarealsobetterabletofendoffinsects.Thelandsca peisrenderedlesseasilyburnable.Evenintheeventofafire,fewertreesareconsumed.Theneedforsuchplanningisincreasinglyurgent.Already,since2 010,droughtandinsectshavekilledmorethan100milliontreesi n California,mostofthemin2016alone,andwildfires havescorchedhundredsofthousandsofacre s.Calif ornia’splanenvisionstreating35,000acresofforest ay earby2020,and60,000by2030--financedfromtheproceedsofthestate'semissions-permitauctions.That'sonlyasmallshare ofthetotalacreagethatcouldbenefit,anhalfamillionacresi nall,soitwillbeimportanttoprioritizeareasatgreatestrisk offireordrought.T he strategyalsoaims oensurethatcarboninwoodymaterialremovedfrom theforestsislockedawayintheformofsolidlumberorburnedasbiofuelinvehic lesthatwouldotherwiserunonfo ssilf uels,orusedincompostoranimalfeed.Newresearchontransportationbiofuelsisalreadyunderway.State governments are well accustomedto managingforests, buttraditionally they've focused on wildlife, watersheds and opportunitiesforrecreation. Onlyrecentlyhavetheycometoseethe vital part forests will have to play in storing carbon. California's plan, which is expected to be finalized by the governorearlynextyear,shouldserveasamodel.26.Bysaying“oneoftheharderchallenge s,”theauthorimpliesthat.A.forestsmaybecomeapotentialthreatB.peoplemaymisunderstandglobalwarmingC.extremeweatherconditionsmayariseD.globalclimatechangemaygetoutofcontrol27.Tomaintainforestsasvaluable “carbonsinks,”wemayneed to.lowertheirpresentcarbon-absorbingcapacitystrikeabalanceamongdifferentplantsacceleratethegrowthofyoungtreespreservethediversityofspeciesinthem28.California ’sForestCarbonPlanendeavors tocultivatemoredrought-resistanttreesfindmoreeffectivewaystokillinsectsreducethedensityofsomeofitsforestsrestoreitsforestsquicklyafterwildfires29.Whatis essentialtoCalifornia ’splanaccordingtoparagraph 5Tocarryitoutbeforetheyearof2020TohandletheareasinseriousdangerfirstToperfecttheemissions-permitauctionsA.Toobtainenoughfinancialsupport30.Theauthor’sattitudetoCaliforniadescribedas’splancanbestbe.A.ambiguousB.tolerantC.cautiousD.supportiveText3Americanfarmershavebeencomplainingoflaborshortagesforseveralyearsnow.Thecomplaintsareunlikelytostopwithoutanoverhaulofimmigrationrulesforfarmworkers.Efforts to create a more straightforward agricultural-workersvisa thatwould enable foreign workers to stay longer in the. and changejobs within the industry. If this doesn’t change, American businesses,communitiesandconsumerswillbethelosers.Per hapshalfof.farmlaborersareundocumentedimmigrants.Asfew ersuchworkersenterthecountry,thecharacteristicsoftheagricu lturalworkforcearechanging.Today’sfarmlaborers,whilestillpredominantlyborninMexico ,aremorelikelytobesettled,rat herthanmigrating,andmorelikelytobemarried thansingle.Theyarealsoaging.Atthestartofthiscentury,aboutone-thirdofcropwork erswereovertheageof35.Now,morethanhalfare.Andcroppickingishardonolderbodies.Oneoft-debatedcureforthislab orshortageremainsasimplausibleasithasbeenallalong:Native.workerswo n’tbe returningtothefarm.Mechaniza tionisnottheanswereither—notyetatleast.Produc tionofcorn,cotton,rice,soybeansandwheathavebeenlargelymechanized,butmanyhigh-value,labor-intensivecrops,sucha s strawberries,needlabor.Evendairyfarms,whererobotscurren tlydoonlyasmallshareofmilking,have alongwaytogobeforetheyareautomat ed.A saresult,farmshavegrownincreasinglyreliantontemporaryguestworkersusingtheH-2Avisatofillthegapsintheworkforce.Sta rtingaround2012,requestsforthevisasrosesharply;from2011to2016thenumberofvisasissuedmorethandoubled.TheH-2Avisahasnonumericalcap,unliketheH-2Bvisafornonagricultur alwork,whichislimitedto66,000year.Evenso,employerscomplainthatt heyaren’tgivenalltheworkerstheynee d.Theprocessiscumbersome,expensiveandunreliable.Onesurveyfoundt hat bureaucraticdelaysledH-2Aworkerstoarriveonthejobanaverageo f22dayslate.Andtheshortageiscompoundedbyfederalimmigrat ionraids,whichremovesome workersanddriveothersundergro und.I n2012surveyby,71percentoftree-fruitgrowersandnea rly8percentofraisinandberrygrowerssaidtheywereshortoflabor.SomewesterngrowershaverespondedbymovingoperationstoMexico.In1998-2000,percentofthefruitAmericansconsumedwasimported.Littlemorethanadecadelater,theshareofim portedfruithadincreasedtopercent.31.Ineffect,the.canimportfoodoritcanimporttheworkerswhopickit.WhatproblemshouldbeaddressedaccordingtothefirsttwoparagraphsDiscriminationagainstforeignworkersinthe.BiasedlawsinfavorofsomeAmericanbusinesses.Flawsin.immigrationrulesforfarmworkers.Declineofjobopportunitiesin.agriculture.32.Onetroublewith.agriculturalworkforceis.A.therisingnumberofillegalimmigrantsB.thehighmobilityofcropworkersC.thelackofexperiencedlaborersD.theagingofimmigrantfarmw orkersWhatisthemuch-arguedsolutiontothelaborshortagein.farming Toattractyoungerlaborerstofarmwork.Togetnative.workersbacktofarming.Tousemorerobotstogrowhigh-valuecrops.Tostrengthenfinancialsupportforfarmers.34.AgriculturalemployerscomplainabouttheH-2Avisaforits .slowgrantingprocedureslimitondurationofstay35.tightenedrequirementsofannualadmissionsWhichofthefollowingcouldbethebesttitleforthistextA..AgricultureinDeclineB.ImportFoodorLaborC.AmericaSavedbyMexicoD.Manpowervs.AutomationText 4ArnoldSchwarzenegger,DiaMirzaandAdrian Grenierhavemessagefo ryou:It’seasytobeatplastic.They’repartofb unchofcelebritiesstaringin anewvideoforWorldEnvironmentDay-encouragingyou,theconsumer,toswapoutyoursingle-usePlasticstaplestocombattheplasticcri sis.T hekey messagesthathavebeenput togetherforWorldEnvironme ntDaydoinclude acallforgovernmentstoenactlegis lationtocurbsingle-usplastics.Buttheoverarchingmessageisdirectedatindividuals.Myconcernwithleavingituptotheindividual,however,isourlimitedsense ofwhatneedstobeachieved.Ontheirown,takingourownbagstothegrocerystoreorquittingplasticstraws,forexample ,w illaccomplishlittleandrequireverylittleofus.Theycoulde venbedetrimental,satisfying aneedtohave“doneourbit”wit houteverprogressingontobigger,bolder,moreeffectiveact ions—akindof“morallicensing”thatallaysourconcernsandstopsusdoingmoreandaskingmoreofthoseincharge.W hiletheconversationaroundourenvironmentandourresponsibil itytowarditremainscenteredonshoppingbagsandstr aws,we’reignoringthebalanceofpowerthatimpliesthatas“consumers”wemustshopsustainably,ratherthanas“citizens”h oleourgovernmentsandindustries oaccount opushforrealsystemiccha nge.It’simportanttoacknowledgethatthe environmentisn’teveryone’spriority -orevenmostpeople’s.Weshouldn’texpecti t tobe.Inherlatestbook,WhyCouldPeopleDoBadEnvironment al Things.ElizabethR.DeSombrearguesthatthebestwaytocollectivelychangethebehavioroflargenumbersofpeoplei sforthechangetobestructural.This mightmeanimplementingadds a cost toenvironmentallysingle-use plastics altogether. “eliminate all single-use plastic are also incentive-based ways choices easier, such asensuringtrashdisposal.policy suchasaplastic tax that problematic action, or banningIndia has just announced it will in the country by 2022.”Thereof making better environmental recycling is at least aseasy asDeSombreisn’tsaying people should stop caring about the environment. It’s just that individual actions are too slow, she says,forthattobetheonly,orevenprimary,approachtochangingwidespreadbehavior.Noneof thisis aboutwritingofftheindividual.t’sjustaboutputtingthingsintoperspective.Wedon’thavetimetowait.Weneedprogressive policiesthat shapecollectiveaction,alongsideengagedcitizenspushingforchan ge.36.Somecelebritiesstarinanewvideoto . demandnewlawsontheuseofplastics urgeconsumerstocuttheuseofplastics invitepublicopiniononthe plasticscrisisthecausesoftheplasticscrisis37.concernedthat“morallicensing ”mayTheauthoris.A.misleadusintodoingworthlessthingsB.preventusfrommakingfurthereffortsC.weakenoursenseofaccomplishmentD.suppressourdesireforsuccess38.Bypointingoutouridentity“citizens”,theauthorindicatesthat. ourfocusshouldbeshiftedtocommunitywelfareourrelationshipwithlocalindustriesisimprovinghavebeenactivelyexercisingourcivilrightsshouldpressourgovernmentstoleadthecombat39.DeSombrearguesthatthebestwayforacollectivechangeshouldbe.A.awin-winarrangementB.aself-drivenmechanismC.acost-effectiveapproachD.atopdownprocess40.Theauthorconcludesthatindividualefforts.canbetooaggressiveA.canbetooinconsistentarefarfrom sufficientfarfromrationalPartBDirect ions：Youaregoingtoreadlistofheadingsandatext.Choo sethemostsuitableheadingfromthelist A-Gforeachnumberedparagrap h (41-45).Markyouranswerson ANSWERSHEET（.10points）Howseriouslyshouldparentstakekids’opinionswhensearching forahomenchoosingnewhome,CamilleMcClain’skidshavesingledemand:abackyard .McClain’slittleon earen’ttheonlykids whohaveanopinionwh enitcomestohousing,andinmanycases youngsters’viewswe ighheavilyonparents’realestatedecisions,accordingtoa2018HarrisPollsurveyofmorethan2,000.adults .Whilemorefamiliesbuckanolder-generationproclivitytoleavekidsinthedarkaboutrealestatedecisions,realty agentsandpsycholo h mi vie ab t financia perso agists ave xed ws out he l,nal ndlong-termeffectskids’opinionsmayhave.Theideaofinvolvingchildreninabigdecisionisagreatideabeca use tcanhelpthemfeel asenseofcontrolandownershipinwhatcanbeanoverwhelmin g process,saidRyanHooper,aclinicalpsychologistinChi cago.“Childr enmayfaceseriousdifficultiesincopingwithsignif icant moves,especiallyifitremovesthemfromtheircurrentscho olorsupportsystem,”hesaid.GregJaroszewski,realestatebrokerswithGagliardoRealtyAssociates,saidhe’snotconvincedthatkidsshouldbeinvolvedinselectingahome—buttheiropinionsshouldbeconsideredinregardstoproximitytofriendsan dsocialactivities,ifpossible.Youngerchildrenshouldfeellikethey’rechoosingtheirhome withoutac tuallygettingachoiceinthematter,saidAdamBailey,arealestateattorneyb asedinNewYork.—Askingthemquestionsaboutwhattheyofapotentialhomewillmakethemfeellikethey likeaboutthebackyard’rebeing includedinthedecision-making process,Baileysaid.M any ftheaspectsofhomebuyingaren’tconsiderationforchi ldren,said TraceyHampson,arealestateagentbasedinSantaClarita,Calif.Andplacing toomuchemphasisontheiropinionscanruinafantastichomepurchase.“Speaki ngwithchildrenbeforeyoumake arealestatedec isioniswise,but Iwouldn’tbasethepurchasingdecisionsolelyontheiropinions.”Hampsonsaid.Theotherissueisthatmanychildren-especiallyolderones-mayb asetheir realestateknowledgeonHGTVshows,saidAaronNorrisofTheNorrisGrou p inRiverside,Calif.“T heyloveChipandJoannaGainesjustasmuchastherestofus,”he said.“HGTVhasseriouslychangedhowpeopleviewr ealestate.It’snotshelter,it’salifestyle.Withthatmindsetchangecomesomeseriousmoney consequences.”Kidstendtogetstuckinthefeaturesandtheimmediatebenefitst o them personally,Norrissaid,Parentsneed toremindtheirchi ldrenthattheirneedsanddesiresmaychangeovertime,saidJ ulieGurner,realestate analystwith.“T heiropinionscanchange tomorrow,”Gurnersaid.“Harshasitmay be osay,thatdecisionshouldlikelynotbemadecontingenton a child’sopinions,butrathermadeforthemwithgreatconsiderationintowhathomecanmeettheirneedsbest-andgivethemanopportunitytocustomizeitabitandmakeittheir own.”Thisadviceismorerelevantnowthaneverbefore,evenasmore parentswanttoembracetheideasoftheirchildren,despitethecurrenthousingcrunch.thatsignificantmovesmayposechallengestochildren.thatitiswisetoleavekidsinthedarkHooperaboutrealestatedecisions.C.advisesthathomepurchasesshouldnotbeBailey’sopini ons.basedonlyonchildr enD.thinksthatchildrenshouldbegive na43.TraceyHampsonsenseofinvolvementinhomebuyingdecision s.E.notesthataspectslikechildren’s44.AaronNorrissocialactivitiesshouldb efriends andF.believesthathomebuyingdecisionsshou ldGurner’s needsratherthanbebasedonchildrenG.assumesthatmanychildren’sviewsonrealestateareinfluencedbythemedia.46.SectionIIITranslationDirection:InthissectionthereisatestinEnglish.TranslateitintoChines e.Wr iteyourtranslationon ANSWERSHEET(15points).t seasytounderestimate EnglishwriterJameshadsuch apleas ant,readablestylethataremightthinkthatanyonecouldimitateit.Howmanytime shaveIheardpeoplesay,“1couldwriteabook ,Ijusthaven'tthetime”Easilysaid.Notsoeasilydone.JamesHerri ot,contrarytopopularopiniondidnotfinditeasyinh is earlydaysof,asheputit,“having agoatthewritinggame”.Whi leheobviouslyhadanabundanceofnaturaltalent,thef inalpolishedworkthathehavetotheworld wastheresultofye arsofpracticing,re-writingandreading.Likethemajorityofauthors,hehadtosuffermanydisappointmentsandrejectionsalongt he way,butthesemadehimallthemoredeterminedtosucceed.Every achieve i l wasearnethehardwayandhissuccessthing d n ifdeintheliteracyfieldwasnoexception.SectionIVWritingPartA47. Directions:SupposeprofessorSmithaskedyoutoplanadebateonthethemeofcitytraffic.Writehimanemailto suggestaspecifictopicwithyourreasons,andtellhimyourarrangement.Youshouldwriteabout100wordsontheANSWERSHEET.Donote“LiMing”instead. Donot writeyouraddress.(10points)PartBDirections:Writeanessaybasedonthechartbelow.Inyourwriting,youshould interpretthechart,andgiveyourcomments.Youshouldwriteabout150wordsontheANSWERSHEET.(15points)2019年全国硕士研究生入学一致考试管理类专业硕士学位联考英语试卷二答案速查表SectionIUseofEnglish1234567891 0C D A A C A D C B D1 112131415161718192A CB D BC BD A BSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartA2122232425262728293 0D C A C A A A C B D3132333435363738394 0C D B A B B B D D B PartB41 D 42G43F44C45BSectionIII（参照译文）人们很简单低估英国作家詹姆斯.赫里奥尔。

2019年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试管理类专业硕士学位联考英语（二）试卷Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. For each numbered blank there are four choices marked A,B,C and D. choose the best one and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET.（10 points）Weighing yourself regularly is a wonderful way to stay aware of any significant weight fluctuations. 1 ，when done too often , this habit can sometimes hurt more that it 2 ，Weighing myself every day caused me to shift my focus from being generally healthy and physically active, to focusing 3 on the scale. That was counterproductive to my overall fitness goals. I had gained weight in the form of muscle mass, but thinking only of 4 the number on the scale, I altered my training regimen. That conflicted with how I needed to train to 5 my goals.I also found weighing myself daily did not provide an accurate 6 of the hard work and progress I was making in the gym. It takes about three weeks to a month to notice significant changes in weight 7 altering your training program. The most 8 changes will be observed in skill level, strength and inches lost.For these 9 , I stopped weighing myself every day and switched to a bimonthly weighing schedule 10 . Since weight loss is not my goal, it is less important for me to 11 my weight each week. Weighing every other week allows me to observe and 12 any significant weight changes. That tells me whether I need to 13 my training program.I also use my bimonthly weigh-in 14 to provide information about my nutrition as well. If my training intensity remains the same, but I’m constantly 15 and dropping weight, this is a 16 that I need to increase my daily caloric intake.The 17 to stop weighing myself every day has done wonders for my overall health, fitness and well-being. I am experiencing increased zeal for working out since I no longer carry the burden of a 18 morning weigh-in. I’ve also experienced greater success in achieving my specific fitness goals, 19 I’m training according to those goals, instead of numbers on a scale.Rather than 20 over the scale,turn your focus to how you look, feel, how your clothes fit and your overall energy level.1. A. Therefore B. Otherwise C. However D. Besides2. A. cares B. warns C. reduces D. helps3. A. solely B. occasionally C. formally D. initially4. A. lowering B. explaining C. accepting D. recording5. A. set B. review C. reach D. modify6. A. depiction B. distribution C. prediction D. definition7. A. regardless of B. aside from C. along with D. due to8. A. rigid B. precise C. immediate D. orderly9. A. judgments B. reasons C. methods D. claims10. A. though B. again C. indeed D. instead11. A. trash B. overlook C. conceal D. report12. A. approve of B. hold onto C. account for D. depend on13. A. share B. adjust C. confirm D. prepare14. A. features B. rules C. tests D. results15. A. anxious B. hungry C. sick D. bored16. A. secret B. belief C. sign D. principle17. A. necessity B. decision C. wish D. request18. A. surprising B. restricting C. consuming D. disappointing19. A. because B. unless C. until D. if20. A. dominating B. puzzling C. triumphing D. obsessingSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answer on answer sheet.（40 points）Text1Unlike so-called basic emotions such as sadness, fear, and anger, guilt emerges a little later, in conjunction with a child’s growing grasp of social and moral norms. Children aren’t born knowing how to say “I’m sorry”; rather, they learn over time that such statements appease parents and friends – and their own consciences. This is why researchers generally regard so-called moral guilt, in the right amount, to be a good thing: A child who claims responsibility for knocking over a tower and tries to rebuild it is engaging in behavior that’s not only reparative but also prosaically.In the popular imagination, of course, guilt still gets a bad rap. It evokes Freud’s ideas and religious hang-ups. More important, guilt is deeply uncomfortable—it’s the emotional equivalent of wearing a jacket weighted with stones. Who would inflict it upon a child? Yet this understanding is outdated. “There has been a kind of revival or a rethinking about what guilt is and what role guilt can serve,” Vaish says, adding that this revival is part of a larger recognition that emotions aren’t binary—feelings that may be advantageous in one context may be harmful in another. Jealousy and anger, for example, may have evolved to alert us to important inequalities. Too much happiness (think mania) can be destructive.And guilt, by prompting us to think more deeply about our goodness, can encourage humans to atone for errors and fix relationships. Guilt, in other words, can help hold a cooperative species together. It is a kind of social glue.Viewed in this light, guilt is an opportunity. Work by Tina Malti, a psychology professor at the University of Toronto, suggests that guilt may compensate for an emotional deficiency. In a number of studies, Malti and others have shown that guilt and sympathy (and its closecousin empathy) may represent different pathways to cooperation and sharing. Some kids who are low in sympathy may make up for that shortfall by experiencing more guilt, which can rein in their nastier impulses. And vice versa: High sympathy can substitute for low guilt.In a 2014 study, for example, Malti and a colleague looked at 244 children, ages 4, 8, and 12. Using caregiver assessments and the children’s self-observations, they rated each child’s overall sympathy level and his or her tendency to feel negative emotions (like guilt and sadness) after moral transgressions. Then the kids were handed stickers and chocolate coins, and given a chance to share them with an anonymous child. For the low-sympathy kids, how much they shared appeared to turn on how inclined they were to feel guilty. The guilt-prone ones shared more, even though they hadn’t magically become more sympathetic to the other child’s deprivation.21. Researchers think that guilt can be a good thing because it may help__________.A. regulate a child’s basic emotionsB. improve a child’s intellectual abilityC. intensify a child’s positive feelingsD. foster a child’s moral development22. According to Paragraph 2, many people still guilt to be _________.A. deceptiveB. addictiveC. burdensomeD. inexcusable23. Vaish holds that the rethinking about guilt comes from an awareness that________.A. an emotion can play opposing rolesB. emotions are socially constructiveC. emotional stability can benefit healthD. emotions are context -independent24. Malti and others have shown that cooperation and sharing_______.A. may help correct emotional deficienciesB. can bring about emotional satisfactionC. can result from either sympathy or guiltD. may be the outcome of impulsive acts25. The word “transgressions” (line4 para5) is closest in meaning to________.A. wrongdoingsB. discussionsC. restrictionsD. teachingsText 2Forests give us shade, quiet and one of the harder challenges in the fight against climate change. Even as we humans count on forests to soak up a good share of the carbon dioxide weproduce, we are threatening their ability to do so. The climate change we are hastening could one day leave us with forests that emit more carbon than they absorb.Thankfully, there is a way out of this trap -- but it involves striking a subtle balance. Helping forests flourish as valuable "carbon sinks" long into the future may require reducing their capacity to sequester carbon now. California is leading the way, as it does on so many climate efforts, in figuring out the details.The state’s proposed Forest Carbon Plan aims to double efforts to thin out young trees and clear brush in parts of the forest, including by controlled burning. This temporarily lowers carbon-carrying capacity. But the remaining trees draw a greater share of the available moisture, so they grow and thrive, restoring the forest's capacity to pull carbon from the air. Healthy trees are also better able to fend off bark beetles. The landscape is rendered less combustible. Even in the event of a fire, fewer trees are consumed.The need for such planning is increasingly urgent. Already, since 2010, drought and beetles have killed more than 100 million trees in California, most of them in 2016 alone, and wildfires have scorched hundreds of thousands of acres.California’s plan envisions treating 35,000 acres of forest a year by 2020, and 60,000 by 2030 -- financed from the proceeds of the state's emissions-permit auctions. That's only a small share of the total acreage that could benefit, an estimated half a million acres in all, so it will be important to prioritize areas at greatest risk of fire or drought.The strategy also aims to ensure that carbon in woody material removed from the forests is locked away in the form of solid lumber, burned as biofuel in vehicles that would otherwise run on fossil fuels, or used in compost or animal feed. New research on transportation biofuels is under way, and the state plans to encourage lumber production close to forest lands. In future the state proposes to take an inventory of its forests' carbon-storing capacity every five years.State governments are well accustomed to managing forests, including those owned by the U.S. Forest Service, but traditionally they’ve focused on wildlife, watersheds and opportunities for recreation. Only recently have they come to see the vital part forests will have to play in storing carbon. California’s plan, which is expected to be finalized by the governor early next year, should serve as a model.26. By saying “one of the harder challenges,” the author implies that _A. forests may become a potential threatB. people may misunderstand global warmingC. extreme weather conditions may ariseD. global climate change may get out of control27. To maintain forests as valuable “carbon sinks,” we may need to __A. lower their present carbon-absorbing capacityB. strike a balance among different plantsC. accelerate the growth of young treesD. preserve the diversity of species in them28. California’s Forest Carbon Plan endeavors to __A. cultivate more drought-resistant treesB. fin more effective ways to kill insectsC. reduce the density of some of its forestsD. restore its forests quickly after wildfires29. What is essential to California’s plan according to paragraph 5?A. To carry it out before the year of 2020B. To handle the areas in serious danger firstC. To perfect the emissions-permit auctionsD. To obtain enough financial support30. The author’s attitude to California’s plan can best be described as __ _A. ambiguousB. tolerantC. cautiousD. supportiveText3American farmers have been complaining of labor shortages for several years now. The complaints are unlikely to stop without an overhaul of immigration rules for farm workers.Efforts to create a more straightforward agricultural-workers visa that would enable foreign workers to stay longer in the U.S. and change jobs within the industry have so far failed in Congress. If this doesn't change, American businesses, communities and consumers will be the losers.Perhaps half of U.S. farm laborers are undocumented immigrants. As fewer such workers enter the U.S., the characteristics of the agricultural workforce are changing. Today's farm laborers, while still predominantly born in Mexico, are more likely to be settled, rather than migrating, and more likely to be married than single. They are also aging. At the start of this century, about one-third of crop workers were over the age of 35. Now, more than half are. And crop picking is hard on older bodies.One oft-debated cure for this labor shortage remains as implausible as it has been all along: Native U.S. workers won't be returning to the farm.Mechanization is not the answer either----not yet at least. Production of corn, cotton, rice, soybeans and wheat have been largely mechanized, but many high-value, labor-intensive crops, such as strawberries, need labor. Even dairy farms, where robots currently do only a small share of milking, have a long way to go before they are automated.As a result, farms have grown increasingly reliant on temporary guest workers using the H-2A visa to fill the gaps in the agricultural workforce. Starting around 2012, requests for the visas rose sharply; from 2011 to 2016 the number of visas issued more than doubled.The H-2A visa has no numerical cap, unlike the H-2B visa for nonagricultural work, which is limited to 66,000 annually. Even so, employers frequently complain that they aren't allotted all the workers they need. The process is cumbersome, expensive and unreliable. One survey found that bureaucratic delays led H-2A workers to arrive on the job an average of 22 days late. And the shortage is compounded by federal immigration raids, which remove some workers and drive others underground.In effect, the U.S. can import food or it can import the workers who pick it. The U.S. needs a simpler, streamlined, multi-year visa for agricultural workers, accompanied bymeasures to guard against exploitation and a viable path to U.S. residency for workers who meet the requirements. Otherwise growers will continue to struggle with shortages and uncertainty, and the country as a whole will lose out.31. What problem should be addressed according to the first two paragraphs?A. Discrimination against foreign workers in the U.S.B. Biased laws in favor of some American businesses.C. Flaws in U.S. immigration rules for farm workersD. Decline of job opportunities in U. S. agriculture32. One trouble with U.S. agricultural workforce is ?A. the rising number of illegal immigrantsB. the high mobility of crop workersC. the lack of experienced laborersD. the aging of immigrant farm workers33. What is the much-argued solution the labor shortage in U.S. farming?A. To attract younger laborers to farm work.B. To get native U.S. workers back farmingC. To use more robots to grow high-value cropsD. To strengthen financial support for farmers.34. Agricultural employers complain about the H-2A visa for itsA .slow granting proceduresB. limit on duration of stayC. tightened requirementsD. control of annual admissions35. Which of the following could be the best title for this text?A. U.S. Agriculture in Decline?B. Import Food or Labor?C. America Saved by Mexico?D. Manpower VS. Automation?Text 4Arnold Schwarzenegger, Dia Mirza and Adrian Grenier have a message for you: It’s easy to beat plastic. They’re part of a bunch of celebrities staring in a new video for World Environment Day-encouraging you, the consumer, to swap out your single-use Plastic staples to combat the plastic crisis.My biggest concern with leaving it up to the individual, however, is our limited sense of what needs to be achieved. On their own, taking our own bags to the grocery store or quitting plastic straws，for example, will accomplish little and require very little of us. They could even be detrimental, satisfying a need to have "done our bit" without ever progressing onto bigger, bolder, more effective actions---a kind of "moral licensing" that allays our concernsand stops us doing more and asking more of those in charge.While the conversation around our environment and our responsibility toward it remains centered on shopping bags and straws, we're ignoring the balance of power that implies that as "consumers" we must shop sustainably, rather than as "citizens" hold our governments and industries to account to push for real systemic change. Nowhere in World Environment Day 2018's key messages is there anything about voting for environmentally progressive politicians, for example. Why not?It’s important to acknowledge that the environment isn’t everyone’s priority-or even most people’s. We shouldn’t expect it to be .In her latest book, Why Could People Do Bad Environmental Things, Wellesley College professor Elizabeth R. De Sombre argue that the best way to collectively change the behavior of large numbers of people is for the change to be structural.This might mean implementing policy such as a plastic tax that adds a cost to environmentally problematic action, or banning single-use plastics altogether. India has just announced it will” eliminate all single-use plastic in the country by 2022.” There are also incentive-based ways of making better environmental choices easier, such as ensuring recycling is at least as easy as trash disposal.De Sombre isn’t saying people should stop caring about the environment. It’s just that individual actions are too slow, she says, for that to be only, or even primary, approach to changing widespread behavior.None of this is about writing off the individual. It’s just about putting things into perspective. We don’t have time to wait. We need progressive policies that shape collective action (and rein in polluting business), alongside engaged citizens pushing for change. That’s not something we can buy36. Some celebrities star in a new video toA. demand new laws on the use of plasticsB. urge consumers to cut the use of plasticsC. invite public opinion on the plastics crisisD. disclose the causes of the plastics crisis37. The author is concerned that “moral licensing” mayA. mislead us into doing worthless thingsB. prevent us from making further effortsC. weaken our sense of accomplishmentD. suppress our desire for success38. By pointing out our identity as “citizens," the author indicates thatA. our focus should be shifted to community welfareB. our relationship with local industries is improvingC. we have been actively exercising our civil rightsD. We should press our governments to lead the combat39. De Sombre argues that the best way for a collective change should beA. a win-win arrangementB. a self-driven mechanismC. a cost- effective approachD. a top down process40 .The author concludes that individual effortsA. Can be too aggressiveB. are far from sufficientC. can be too inconsistentD. are far from rationalPart BDirections:you are going to read a list of headings and a text, choose the most suitable heading from the list A-G for each numbered paragraph (41-45). There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET.（10 points）How seriously should parent take kid’s opinions when searching for a home?In choosing a new home, Camille Mc Clain’s kids have a single demand a backyard. That seemingly reasonable request turned the Chicago family’s home hunt upside down, as there weren’t many three-bedroom apartments on the North Side — where the family was looking — that came with yard space. Still, McClain and her husband chose to honor their 4- and 6-year-old’s request.“We worked with a few apartment brokers, and it was strange that many of them didn’t even know if there was outdoor space, so they’d bring us to an apartment, we’d see that it didn’t have a yard, and we’d move on,” said McClain, who runs Merry Music Makers in Lakeview, a business focused on music education for children.McClain’s little ones aren’t the only kids who have an opinion when it comes to housing, and in many cases youngsters’ views weigh heavily on parents’ real estate decisions, according to a 2018 Harris Poll survey of more than 2,000 U.S. adults.Renters paid attention to their kids’ preferences even more: 83 percent said their children’s opinions will be a factor when they buy a home.The idea of involving children in a big decision is a great idea because it can help them feel a sense of control and ownership in what can be an overwhelming process, said Ryan Hooper, clinical psychologist in Chicago.“Children may face serious difficulties in coping with significant moves, especially if it removes them from their current school or support system,” he said.Younger children should feel like they’re choosing their home — without actually getting a choice in the matter, said Adam Bailey, real estate attorney based in New York and author of the upcoming children’s book “Home,” about the search for the perfect home from the viewpoint of a child.Asking them questions about what they like about the backyard of a potential home — or asking them where their toys would go in the house — will make them feel like they’re beingincluded in the decision-making process, Bailey said.Many of the aspects of homebuying aren’t a consideration for children, said Tracey Hampson, a real estate agent based in Santa Clarita, Calif. And placing too much emphasis on their opinions can ruin a fantastic home purchase.She has a client who has been house-hunting for a while, and he always asks his young children their opinion. But when this buyer finally decided to write an offer on a home with a pool, his children burst into tears because they didn’t want a pool.“They ended up not submitting an offer,” Hampson said. “So speaking with your children before you make a real estate decision is wise, but I wouldn’t base the purchasing decision solely on their opinions.”The other issue is that many children — especially older ones — may base their real estate knowledge on HGTV shows, which tend to focus on superficial aspects of real estate, said Aaron Norris of The Norris Group in Riverside, Calif.“They love Chip and Julie Gaines just as much as the rest of us,” he said. “HGTV has seriously changed how people view real estate. It’s not shelter, it’s a lifestyle. With that mindset change comes some serious money consequences.”Kids tend to get stuck in the features and the immediate benefits to them personally, Norris said. And while their opinions on those elements shouldn’t reign supreme, the home buying process could be a time to start talking to kids about money, budgeting, homeownership and other financial decisions.“Their opinions can change tomorrow,” Gurner said. “As as harsh as it may be to say, that decision should likely not be made contingent on a child’s opinions, but rather made for them with great consideration into what home can meet their needs best — and give them an opportunity to customize it a bit and make it their own.”This advice is more relevant now than ever before, even as more parents want to embrace the ideas of their children, despite the current housing crunch.Today, wannabe homebuyers have to be more open when it comes to must-haves and what you can compromise on, Hampson said.And speaking of compromise: The McClain kids, hungry for outdoor space, fell in love with a home in the North Park neighborhood that had a large yard. But it wasn’t ideal by their parents’ standards.The family ended up renting a house in North Center that had a smaller yard, but it was still big enough for playtime.“I had to do a bit of a sales job with the kids since they loved the yard in North Park,” McClain said. “But there’s a hammock they lounge on, a spot to jump rope, a place to play in the sprinkler, and an area to write with sidewalk chalk.”A. notes that aspects like children’s friends and socialactivities should be considered up on homebuying.41. Ryan Hopper B. Believes that home buying should be based on children´s need´s rather than their opinions.42. Adam Bailey C. Assumes that many children’s views on real estate are influenced by the media.43. Tracey Hampson D. remarks that significant moves may pose challenges tochildren.44. Aaron Norris E. says that it is wise to leave kids in the dark about real estate decisions.45. Julie Garner F. advise that home purchase should not be based only on children’s opinions.G. thinks that children should be given a sense of involvement in homebuying decisions.Section III Translation46. Directions: In this section, there is a text in English. Translate it into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET.（15 points）It is easy to underestimate English writer James Herriot. He had such a pleasant, readable style that are might think that anyone could imitate it. How many times have I heard people say, “I could write a book, I just haven’t the time” Easily said. Not so easily done. James Herriot, contrary to popular opinion did not find it easy in his early days of, as he put it, “having a go at the writing game”. While he obviously had an abundance of natural talent, the final polished work that he have to the world was the result of years of practicing, re-writing and reading. Like the majority of authors, he had to suffer many disappointments and rejections along the way, but these made him all the more determined to succeed. Everything he achieved in life was earned the hard way and his success in the literacy field was no exception.Section IV WritingPart A47. Directions: Suppose Professor Smith asked you to plan a debate on the theme of city traffic. Write him an email to1) suggest a specific topic with your reason, and2) tell him about your arrangement.You should write about 100 words neatly on your ANSWER SHEET.Do not sign your own name, use “Li Ming” instead.Do not write your address.（10 points）Part B48. Directions: in this sections, you are asked to write an essay based on the following chart:(1)interpret the chart, and(2)give your comments.You should write at least 150 words.Write your essay on the ANSWER SHEET .（15 points ）68.10%26.30%13.00%60.70%34%24%就业升学创业某高校2013和2018年本科毕业生去向统计201320182019年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试管理类专业硕士学位联考英语（二）参考答案Section I1~10: CDAAC ADCBB10~20: ACBDB CBDADSection IIPart A21~25: DCACA26~30: AACBD31~35: CDBAB36~40: BBDDBPart B41. D. remarks that significant moves may pose challenges to children.42. G. thinks that children should be given a sense of involvement in homebuying decisions.43. F. advise that home purchase should not be based only on children’s opinions.44. C. Assumes that many children’s views on real estate are influenced by the media.45. B. Believes that home buying should be based on children´s need´s rather than their opinions.Section IVPart A小作文与邀请信和通知的具体内容不谋而合，其中间都是活动的具体细节内容。

2019考研英语二大作文真题解析-—跨考教育英语教研室汪婵娟2019年考研英语已经结束，就大作文而言并不难,图表类型在课上一再强调过了。

从2010年到2014年作文全是柱状图考法,2015年-2016年是饼状图,2017年那一年是折线图，2018年又是饼状图。

考了这么多年的柱状图和饼状图，所以认为去年考了饼状图今年应该不会再考了，而折线图也已经刚刚考，考的可能性也不是很大，所以我认为今年考柱状图的可能性会大很多，因为已经连着四年没考了，那些命题的老头老太太们思想迂腐肯定也会这样觉得的。

课上我建议大家重点复习柱状图,果不其然，2019年大作文英语二考了柱状图。

What looks abundantly clear in this bar chart is that a change has taken place in graduate students 'choices in the year of 2013 and 2018.In the light of the data offered，we can see that the number of those choosing to engage in a job declined slightly, decreasing approximately 8％, from 68。

1% in 2013 to 60。

7% in 2018。

On the contrary， the amount of those who selected to pursue further study rose remarkably， increasing roughly 8%. While the quantity of those who started a business remained stable and steady，accounting for the least proportions.It is of no difficulty for us to come up with some factors responsible for these changes。

2019年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（二）真题及详解SectionⅠUse of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)Weighing yourself regularly is a wonderful way to stay aware of any significant weight fluctuations.(1)_____when done too often,this habit can sometimes hurt more than it(2)_____.As for me,weighing myself every day caused me to shift my focus from being generally healthy and physically active to focusing(3)_____on the scale.That was bad to my overall fitness goals.I had gained weight in the form of muscle mass,but thinking only of(4)_____the number on the scale,I altered my training program.That conflicted with how I needed to train to(5)_____my goals.I also found that weighing myself daily did not provide an accurate(6)_____of the hard work and progress I was making in the gym.It takes about three weeks to a month to notice any significant changes in your weight(7)_____altering your training program.The most(8)_____changes will be observed in skill level,strength and inches lost.For these(9)_____,I stopped weighing myself every day and switched to a bimonthly weighing schedule(10)_____.Since weight loss is not my goal,it is less important for me to(11)_____my weight each week.Weighing every other week allows me to observe and(12)_____any significant weight changes.That tells me whether I need to(13)_____my training program.I use my bimonthly weigh-in(14)_____to get information about my nutrition as well.If my training intensity remains the same,but I’m constantly(15)_____and dropping weight,this is a(16)_____that I need to increase my daily caloric intake.and well-being.I’m experiencing increased zeal for working out since I no longer carry the burden of a(18)_____morning weigh-in.I’ve also experienced greater success in achieving my specific fitness goals,(19)_____I’m training according to those goals,not the numbers on a scale.Rather than(20)_____over the scale,turn your focus to how you look,feel,how your clothes fit and your overall energy level.1.A.ThereforeB.OtherwiseC.HoweverD.Besides2.A.caresB.warnsC.reducesD.helps3.A.solelyB.occasionallyC.formallyD.initially4.A.loweringB.explainingC.acceptingD.recording5.A.setB.reviewC.reach 6.A.depictionB.distributionC.predictionD.definition7.A.regardless ofB.aside fromC.along withD.due to8.A.rigidB.preciseC.immediateD.orderly9.A.judgmentsB.reasonsC.methodsD.claims10.A.althoughB.againC.indeed11.A.trackB.overlookC.concealD.report12.A.approve ofB.hold ontoC.account forD.depend on13.A.shareB.adjustC.confirmD.prepare14.A.featuresB.rulesC.testsD.results15.A.anxiousB.hungryC.sickD.bored16.A.secretB.beliefC.signD.principleB.decisionC.wishD.request18.A.surprisingB.restrictingC.consumingD.disappointing19.A.becauseB.unlessC.untilD.if20.A.dominatingB.puzzlingC.triumphingD.obsessing【文章导读】本文主要介绍了定期称重给人带来的消极影响。

2019考研英语二大小作文真题详细解析——跨考教育英语教研室李波2019级考研英语二结束之后，我看到大家发的状态非常好，这也反映出了今年英语二试卷的难易程度。

整体来看，英语二的试卷偏向于简单，写作也是如此。

横向与英语一对比，英语二试卷比英语一简单太多，纵向和历年真题对比，今年的英语二试卷也是比较简单的。

下面跨考教育英语教研室李波老师全面给大家解析英语二的大小作文。

首先，小作文。

今年英语二小作文的题目是：Suppose Professor Smith asked you to plan a debate on the theme of city traffic. Write him an email to 1）Suggest a specific topic with your reasons, and 2）Tell him about your arrangements. 对于这个题目而言，大家会觉得很熟悉，因为，考查的是电子邮件，电子邮件的写法和书信的写法一样。

但是，大家又会觉得非常陌生，因为这个这种类型的书信平时大家很少写。

尤其是有些同学不认识debate这个单词，那就麻烦啦，这个词今年已经上了微博热搜了。

那么，这种介绍信到底该怎么写呢？其实不难！这个辩论赛的安排与活动类的通知很相似。

按照书信的基本结构，分成三段来写。

第一段写写3句话。

第一句是背景介绍。

这个背景是一定要写的，要不然直接写写信目的话会感觉很唐突。

背景介绍这样写：很高兴收到这个辩论赛策划的任务。

第二句是写信目的。

写信目的是每篇书信小作文中都必须写的。

写信目的这样写：我写这封信的目的是提出这个关于交通辩论赛的主题，即交通的堵塞与疏通。

第三句写选这个主题的原因，可以这样写：交通堵塞是目前城市中很严重的问题，选择这个主题对选手们很容易发挥，一定会非常精彩。

第二段大概写4句话。

第一句是段落主题句。

所谓段落主题句就是统领这一段，主旨句可以这样写：此次辩论赛具体安排如下。

2019年mba英语作文真题英文回答：As a globally connected and rapidly evolving business landscape, the 21st century presents a myriad of opportunities for professionals seeking to advance their careers. Among the most sought-after qualifications for aspiring leaders is a Master of Business Administration (MBA) degree. An MBA provides a comprehensive foundation in business principles, analytical skills, and strategic thinking, equipping graduates with the knowledge and expertise to navigate the complex and dynamic business environment.The pursuit of an MBA is a significant investment, both financially and intellectually. To maximize the return on this investment, it is crucial to carefully consider the various factors that can impact the effectiveness of an MBA program. These factors include the quality of the faculty, the reputation and resources of the institution, thecurriculum design, and the career services provided.The faculty of an MBA program plays a pivotal role in shaping the learning experience. Experienced and knowledgeable professors bring their expertise and research insights into the classroom, providing students with valuable perspectives on contemporary business practices. The reputation and resources of the institution are also important considerations. A well-established institution with a strong brand name and access to ample resources can offer students a wide range of opportunities for professional development and networking.The curriculum design of an MBA program should be carefully aligned with the needs of the business community.A comprehensive curriculum that covers both core business disciplines and specialized areas of interest ensures that graduates are equipped with the skills and knowledge required to succeed in today's competitive job market. Career services provided by the institution are also essential for supporting students in their career search. A dedicated career center can provide guidance on resumewriting, interview preparation, and job placement,increasing the likelihood of graduates securing desirable positions upon graduation.In addition to these factors, it is important to consider the personal fit between the applicant and the program. An MBA program that is a good fit will align with the applicant's career goals, learning style, and personal values. Choosing a program that aligns with these factors can enhance the overall learning experience and increasethe likelihood of a successful MBA journey.中文回答：在全球化和快速发展的商业格局中，21 世纪为寻求职业发展的专业人士提供了无数的机会。