中考英语语法:条件状语从句考点分析
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初中英语语法:条件状语从句考点分析
条件状语从句的概念简述
在复合句中,由从句表示的状语叫做状语从句。由连接词if或unless引导的状语从句叫做条件状语从句。
在复合句中,由从句表示的状语叫做状语从句。它可以用来修饰主语中的动词.形容词.副词等。根据它表达的意思,状语从句可以分为时间状语从句,地点状语从句,条件状语从句,比较状语从句,目的状语从句,结果状语从句和让步状语从句等。由连接词if或unless引导的状语从句叫做条件状语从句。(注意:在含有条件状语从句的复合句中,如果主句是一般将来时态,从句要用一般现在时[主将从现原则])
条件状语从句的语法:
e.g. If you're not satisfied with the life you're living,
don't just complain. Do something about it. 对于现况的不满,不能只是抱怨,要有勇气作出改变。
If you're lonely when you're alone, you're in bad
company.--Jean Paul Sartre 如果你独处时感到寂寞,说明没有把自己陪好。
条件状语从句就是用以表示“在某种条件下,会……”
常用 if ,in case , on condition等词来引导
连接词主要有 if, unless, as/so long as, on condition
that,provided,suppose,supposing 等。.
主句用一般将来时,if或unless引导的条件状语从句用一般现在时。
固定搭配:unless = if...not.
e.g. Let's go out for a walk unless you are too tired.
If you are not too tired, let's go out for a walk.
if 引导的条件句有真实条件句和非真实条件句两种:
真实条件句,叙述真实可能发生的事情,例如:
They get angry if they think they are being treated
disrespectfully. 他们要是觉得受到了怠慢,就会大动肝火。 非真实条件句是虚拟语气的一种,表示与事实相反,例如:
If I were you, I would go with him. 如果我是你,我就跟他走。
由as (so) long as, in case引导。
The president need not step down so long as the elections
are held under international supervision. 只要选举在国际监督下进行,总统就不用下台。
He paused enough to consider the options but never so long
as to lose the initiative. 他停顿了一会儿权衡自己有哪些选项,但并没有久到丧失主动权。
She had had the foresight to prepare herself financially
in case of an accident. 她有先见之明,经济上作了准备以防万一发生事故。
特殊词引导的条件状语从句
条件状语从句和其他从句一样,学好的关键都是掌握好引导词,然而除了常规引导词以外,还存在着一些特殊引导词,掌握好这些引导不仅能让你的英语水平更上一层楼,也能让你的日常交流表达更加地道。
suppose和supposing:
suppose和supposing可用作连词,引导条件状语从句,其意为“假若”“如果”等;此时主句通常为疑问句。
eg.Supposing he can’t come, who will do the work? 假使他不能来,这工作谁做?
Supposing he does not come, shall we go without
him? 如果他不来,是不是不带他去?
Suppose you were given a chance to study in
America, would you accept? 假如给你一个到美国学习的机会,你会接受吗?
Suppose [Supposing] (that) we miss the train,
what shall we do? 假如我们误了火车,我们将怎么办?
provided和providing:
虽然 providing 和 provided 形式上为动词provide的现在分词和过去分词,但它们均可用作连词,引导条件状语从句,其意为“只要”(=as long as)、“如果”(=if)等。
eg. Providing [Provided] you clear your desk by this
evening, you can have tomorrow off. 只要你到今晚把案头上的工作做完,你明天就可以休息。
Providing [Providing] you promise not to tell
anyone else. I’11 explain the secret. 只要你保证不告诉任何人,我就把这个秘密讲给你听。
Provided [Providing] that you keep quiet, you can
come to the concert. 只要你保持安静,你就可以去听音乐会。
Providing there is no opposition, we shall hold
the meeting here. 如果没人反对我们将在这里开会。
这类从句通常置于主句之前,但置于主句之后也是可能的。
eg.I will stay here provided [providing] the climate agrees
with me. 如果这里的气候合适的话,我就待下来。
You can borrow my bike providing [provided] you
bring it back. 你可以借我的自行车,只要你还给我。
蓄条件状语从句分析用法小结
有些句子,虽没有含条件关系的连词,却也隐含着条件关系,我们称之为含蓄条件状语从句。
这些句子常用一些词,如but for, without 等引出一个介词结构来表示条件,条件应该是虚拟的,或与事实相反的假设。
例如:but for 若非,要不是
You may consider it useless, but for our customers it's an
all-important sign of good service. 您也许会认为这样毫无用处,可是对于我们的客户而言,它却是优质服务的重要体现。
The first series was really bad. But for some reason the
public took to it. 第一部系列剧糟透了,可是不知为何,观众开始喜欢上了它。
Spurs could have had several goals but for some brilliant
saves from John Hallworth. 要不是约翰·霍尔沃思几次精彩的扑救,热刺队原本可以射进好几个球。
例如:without 如果没有...就不...
You can't have one without the other, as the song says. 就像歌里唱的那样,两者密不可分,不能只取其一。
In a strangled voice he said, "This place is going to be
unthinkable without you." 他哽咽地说道:“没有你这个地方会变得不可想象。”
I tell you, Carrie, before God, I can't live without
you. 我告诉你, 嘉莉, 苍天作证, 没有你我就活不下去.
例如:otherwise 否则
We didn't know his telephone number, otherwise we would
have telephoned him. 我们不知道他的电话号码,否则我们就会给他打电话。
This is the one blemish on an otherwise resounding
success. 如果没有这个小小的失误,这就是一次彻底的胜利。
If he had done otherwise, I should have thought him a
rascal. 如果他不这样做, 我就认为他是个恶棍
.条件状语从句时态
条件状语从句时态根据主句决定。主句是一般将来时态,祈使句或情态动词,从句要用现在时态;主句如果是过去的某种时态,则从句要用过去的某种时态。
条件状语常用的引导词是if和unless
1、用if引导:if意为“如果”。
例句:I don’t know if it will rain tomorrow. But if it rains
tomorrow, I’ll stay at home.不知道明天是否会下雨,但要是下雨的话,我就呆在家里。
2、用unless引导:unless的意思是“如果不”“除非”。
但除了这两个以外,条件状语从句也拥有一些其他的引导词,这些引导词出现频率较低,用法偏复杂,所以不如if和unless知名度那么高。
1. on condition(that)...在……条件下
eg.I can tell you the truth on condition that you promise
to keep a secret.
You can eat ice cream on condition (that) you won't eat
too much.